CN114336251A - Orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser. The invention realizes an orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin random fiber laser composed of polarization maintaining fibers by utilizing the main shaft polarization traction effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization maintaining fibers. Because of the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization state of the random laser output of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber is strictly embedded on the optical fiber principal axis close to the pump polarization state, so that the odd-numbered high-order Stokes light and the even-numbered high-order Stokes light can respectively oscillate on two different principal axes of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber by adjusting the first-order Stokes light polarization state in the feedback pump loop to be roughly orthogonal to the pump light polarization state, and the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength laser output is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an axial polarization pulling effect based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining optical fiber, which adopts long-distance polarization maintaining optical fiber to construct an optical fiber random resonant cavity and realizes a Brillouin optical fiber random laser with multi-wavelength and orthogonal add-drop multiplexing laser output. The invention can be applied to optical fiber sensing systems, optical fiber communication and spectrum detection, and belongs to the field of optical information processing.
Background
Brillouin Random Fiber Lasers (BRFL) are novel lasers consisting of gain and Random distributed feedback resonators based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) effect. The fiber-optic sensor has wide application in temperature, pressure and noise sensing, fiber-optic amplifiers, fiber-optic lasers, fiber-optic memories and the like. Because the mean free path of light is increased due to the random scattering of photons in a medium, and the SBS effect has the characteristics of low threshold, high gain, narrow gain spectrum and the like, single-wavelength and multi-wavelength random fiber lasers based on the SBS effect have led to extensive research. However, the research on the multi-wavelength brillouin random laser has been conducted so far, and all of the research on the output characteristics of unpolarized laser light includes laser power, line width, intensity noise, phase noise, and the number of wavelengths. Although the SBS effect is closely related to Polarization characteristics such as fiber birefringence, State of Polarization (SOP) of pump light and Stokes light, there are few reports on Polarization-related characteristics of BRFL.
The direction of polarization pulling in the SBS effect is closely related to the fiber birefringence and is determined by both the fiber birefringence and the SOP of the input pump light. Therefore, in a practical single-mode fiber with randomly distributed low birefringence, the polarization pulling direction of SBS is uncertain as well as other SBS characteristics, such as SBS gain and Brillouin frequency shift, and the uncertainty of the polarization pulling force severely limits the application. We have found that in polarization maintaining fiber, the polarization pulling force direction of SBS has certainty, and the signal light is always pulled to a certain principal axis of the polarization maintaining fiber. The axial polarization traction function in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber greatly improves the defect that the direction of the polarization traction of SBS in the common single-mode optical fiber is uncertain, and provides a theoretical basis for the realization of the multi-wavelength random stimulated Brillouin laser of polarization orthogonal add-drop multiplexing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser aiming at the defects in the prior art. The invention is based on the nonlinear axial polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, adopts the long-distance polarization-maintaining optical fiber to construct an optical fiber random resonant cavity, utilizes the characteristic that the polarization state of each output order Stokes laser is embedded on an optical fiber main shaft close to the corresponding polarization state of the pump light, and roughly adjusts the first order Stokes laser to a position orthogonal to the pump light through a polarization controller in a feedback loop, so that the high-order odd-numbered Stokes laser and the high-order even-numbered Stokes laser polarization state are respectively and strictly embedded on two orthogonal polarization main shafts of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, thereby realizing the output of the orthogonal polarization division multiplexing multi-wavelength laser.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser comprises a pump laser, an optical fiber coupler, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a polarization controller, an optical fiber circulator, a polarization maintaining optical fiber, an isolator, an optical fiber coupler and a polarization controller; wherein: narrow-band laser emitted by a pump laser enters from a port I of an optical fiber coupler, is output from the port III, is sent to an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier for amplification, enters a polarization controller for polarization state adjustment, enters from a port I of an optical fiber circulator, and is output from the port II and sent to a polarization-maintaining optical fiber; generating first-order Stokes laser in a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by a polarization maintaining fiber; due to the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization state of the generated first-order Stokes laser output is strictly embedded on the principal axis of the optical fiber close to the pump polarization state; the first-order Stokes laser is split by the optical fiber coupler, and the output of the port I is used as the output port of the laser; the first-order Stokes laser at the port II is subjected to polarization adjustment through a polarization controller, is enabled to be roughly orthogonal to the polarization state of the pump light, is converged with the pump light through the port II of the optical fiber coupler, and is sent into a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by polarization-maintaining optical fibers through an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, the polarization controller and an optical fiber circulator to generate second-order Stokes laser; due to the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization state of the generated second-order Stokes laser output is strictly embedded on the other principal axis of the optical fiber close to the pump polarization state; the second-order Stokes laser is combined with the pump light through a feedback loop formed by the optical fiber coupler, the polarization controller and the optical fiber coupler, and then is sent into a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by the polarization maintaining optical fiber through the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, the polarization controller and the optical fiber circulator to generate third-order Stokes laser; the polarization state of the generated third-order Stokes laser is strictly embedded on the optical fiber main shaft corresponding to the first-order Stokes laser; by analogy, as long as the Stokes optical power of each step sent into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber random cavity meets the laser cavity threshold condition, the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin random laser formed by the high-order Brillouin Stokes laser is generated.
Further, orthogonal add-drop multiplexing of multi-wavelength random laser output is based on an axial polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a polarization maintaining optical fiber; the first-order Stokes laser polarization state generated in the random cavity of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber is not directly polarized by the pump light
Determining, rather than maintaining, the polarization vector of the fiber relative to the polarization state of the pump light
Is strictly embedded in
On the principal axis of the polarization maintaining fiber.
Furthermore, the polarization state of the first-order Stokes laser is enabled to be roughly orthogonal to the polarization state of the pump light by properly adjusting the polarization controller (9) in the feedback loop, and due to the axial polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering existing in the polarization-maintaining fiber, the generated odd-order and even-order Stokes lasers can be ensured to be accurately embedded in the positive positions respectivelyCross polarization state
Or
The above.
Further, SBS gain G in the polarization maintaining fiber random resonatorSBSIn relation to the position of the polarization state of the pump light, the following formula:
and (6) determining.
Furthermore, the gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is improved, and the power of the incident pump light can be increased, so that the wavelength number of the output laser of the Brillouin random fiber laser is increased.
Furthermore, the length of the polarization maintaining fiber is increased, the SBS gain can be improved, the threshold value of the random cavity of the polarization maintaining fiber is reduced, and the wavelength number of the output laser of the Brillouin random fiber laser is increased.
Further, the laser wavelength interval generated by the orthogonal polarization add/drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser is determined by the Brillouin frequency shift of the optical fiber.
Further, the pump laser, the fiber coupler, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the polarization controller, the fiber circulator, the isolator, the fiber coupler, and the polarization controller are single-mode fiber devices.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the evolution equation of the signal light polarization state of the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in the polarization maintaining optical fiber is obtained through theoretical derivation:
wherein IsIs the intensity of the signal light of the SBS,g0as a result of the gain factor of the SBS,
in order for the incident pump light power to be,
to normalize the polarization vector of the polarization maintaining fiber,
is the Stokes polarization state vector of the signal light,
is the polarization state of the incident pump light. And thus the gain of the signal light with the length L of the polarization maintaining fiber is obtained as follows:
equations (1) and (2) indicate that for any input signal light, its output polarization will be affected by the input polarization and oriented towards
Carrying out directional traction; equation (3) shows that for any pump polarization state
Signal light is on
Maximum gain at polarization state
The minimum gain is arranged at the polarization state, the two polarization modes are orthogonal, and the maximum and minimum gains are respectively as follows:
when the polarization state of the pump is pumped
When the maximum gain and the minimum gain are equal, i.e.
According to the maximum gain mode competition principle, only the maximum gain polarization mode in the polarization maintaining fiber random cavity keeps oscillation. Therefore, the first-order Stokes laser output polarization state in the polarization-maintaining fiber Brillouin random laser is embedded in
Thus the propagation loss for polarization maintaining fiber is alphadB(unit: dB/km), the total loss rate in the cavity is K, if the pumping power satisfies
The laser can be realized
While the laser will oscillate in the maximum gain polarization mode
The above.
When the incident pumping power reaches the threshold power of the polarization-maintaining fiber random resonant cavity, first-order Stokes laser can be excited, and the first-order Stokes laser is converged with the pumping light through a feedback loop and then is sent into the polarization-maintaining fiber random resonant cavity, and the first-order and second-order Stokes laser is excited simultaneously; the excited first-order and second-order Stokes lasers enter random laser intensity after being merged with the pumping light through the feedback loop, and higher-order Stokes lasers are excited, so that n +1 Brillouin Stokes lasers can be excited as long as the power of the pumping light entering the random laser cavity and the power of the n-order Stokes light exceed threshold power. At this time, the n-order Stokes laser is the pump light of the n + 1-order Stokes laser, and under the ideal condition that the polarization state of each order of pump light is injected along the main axis of the polarization maintaining fiber, the n + 1-order Stokes optical coupling equation in the random cavity is as follows:
wherein, PnFor n-step Stokes pump optical power, Sn+1Is n +1 order Stokes light, and alpha is the loss coefficient of the optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious prominent substantive characteristics and obvious advantages:
1) the invention is based on the proposal that the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect proved by the inventor in theory and experiments has a determined axial polarization traction effect on the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, wherein the direction of the traction force depends on
Sign of (1), magnitude of traction and
the length of the polarization maintaining fiber is in direct proportion to the power of the incident pump light.
2) The polarization states of all levels of Stokes lasers of the multi-wavelength random laser for polarization orthogonal add-drop multiplexing provided by the invention have low collimation requirements on the polarization state of the pump light and a main shaft and on the polarization control precision of a feedback loop, and theoretically, only the pump light at the incident end of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber meets the requirements
Or the first order Stokes laser polarization state satisfies
And is
Namely, the polarization states of odd-order and even-order Stokes lasers are strictly embedded in the multi-wavelength laser output formed by high-order Stokes
And
the main axis direction. In the system, the strict requirements on polarization state adjustment and main axis collimation in a common polarization optical system are not required, so that the system has extremely high working stability.
3) Due to the axial traction effect of SBS polarization in the polarization maintaining fiber, the polarization state of the output laser of the polarization orthogonal add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength random laser is only determined by the main axis of the polarization maintaining fiber of the random resonant cavity, and other fiber devices in the system are common single mode fiber devices.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an orthogonal polarization add/drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a spectrum measurement diagram of laser output corresponding to the fast axis polarization direction, the slow axis polarization direction and the total output laser of the polarization maintaining fiber respectively when a 3km polarization maintaining fiber is used as a random cavity and the pump light power is 200 mw. Wherein (a) is a block diagram of a measurement system that performs polarization separation; (b) full polarization laser spectroscopy; (c) polarization maintaining fiber principal axis polarization laser spectrum.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, an orthogonal polarization add/drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin optical fiber random laser includes a pump laser 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 3, a polarization controller 4, an optical fiber circulator 5, a polarization maintaining optical fiber 6, an isolator 7, an optical fiber coupler 8, and a polarization controller 9; wherein: narrow-band laser emitted by a pump laser 1 enters from a port I of an optical fiber coupler 2, is output from the port III, is sent to an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 3 for amplification, enters a polarization controller 4 for polarization state adjustment, enters from a port I of an optical fiber circulator 5, and is output from the port III and sent to a polarization-maintaining optical fiber 6; generating first-order Stokes laser in a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by a polarization maintaining fiber 6; due to the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated brillouin scattering in the polarization maintaining fiber 6, the polarization state of the generated first-order Stokes laser output is strictly embedded on the fiber principal axis close to the pump polarization state; the first-order Stokes laser is split by the optical fiber coupler 8, and the output of the port I is used as the output port of the laser; the first-order Stokes laser at the port II is subjected to polarization adjustment through the polarization controller 9, then is roughly orthogonal to the polarization state of the pump light, and is converged with the pump light through the port II of the optical fiber coupler 2, and then is sent into a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 6 through the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 3, the polarization controller 4 and the optical fiber circulator 5 to generate second-order Stokes laser; due to the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization state of the generated second-order Stokes laser output is strictly embedded on the other principal axis of the optical fiber close to the pump polarization state; the second-order Stokes laser is combined with the pump light through a feedback loop formed by the optical fiber coupler 8, the polarization controller 9 and the optical fiber coupler 2, and then is sent into a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by a polarization maintaining optical fiber 6 through the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 3, the polarization controller 4 and the optical fiber circulator 5 to generate third-order Stokes laser; the polarization state of the generated third-order Stokes laser is strictly embedded on the optical fiber main shaft corresponding to the first-order Stokes laser; by analogy, as long as the Stokes optical power of each step sent into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber random cavity meets the laser cavity threshold condition, the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin random laser formed by the high-order Brillouin Stokes laser is generated.
An example of a laser outputting a polarization quadrature add-drop multiplexed multi-wavelength Stokes laser is as follows:
the output laser of the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser is detected by a spectrometer, and a block diagram of a detection system is shown in fig. 2 (a). Wherein, the multi-wavelength laser output by the laser is split by the optical fiber coupler 10, and one output is used for detecting the full polarization state of the output laser; one output light is subjected to polarization adjustment through a polarization controller 11, enters a polarization separator 12, separates two paths of orthogonal polarized lights oscillating along the polarization-maintaining optical fiber main shaft, and the separated lights are respectively detected by a spectrometer 13.
In the system, the wavelength of a pump laser is 1553.712nm, the output power of an optical fiber amplifier is set to be 200mW, the length of a polarization maintaining optical fiber is 3km, and the splitting ratio of an optical fiber coupler is 1: 1. After the system is built, the polarization controller 3 and the polarization controller 9 are properly adjusted and adjusted to enable the laser output power to reach the maximum. With the polarization separation detection system shown in fig. 2(a), fig. 2(b) shows a laser spectrum measured from the output port in full polarization state, at which a fourth-order Stokes laser is excited, with central wavelengths of 1553.8nm, 1553.888nm, 1553.976nm, and 1554.064nm, and with a wavelength interval of 0.088 nm. The spectral intensity of the fourth-order Stokes laser is attenuated by 6.9dB from the first-order due to the loss of the resonator, which gradually decreases. Fig. 2(c) shows laser spectra output from the polarization directions of the x and y principal axes of the polarization-maintaining fiber, where the polarization directions of the x principal axis output odd-order Stokes lasers of the first order and the third order, and the polarization directions of the y principal axis output even-order Stokes lasers of the second order and the fourth order. As can be seen from the measurement curve, the extinction ratio of the orthogonal polarization mode of adjacent wavelengths can reach up to 30 dB. This shows that the invention can realize the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength output with high polarization extinction ratio.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A cross polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser is characterized in that: the device comprises a pump laser (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (3), a polarization controller (4), an optical fiber circulator (5), a polarization-maintaining optical fiber (6), an isolator (7), an optical fiber coupler (8) and a polarization controller (9); wherein: narrow-band laser emitted by a pump laser (1) enters from a port I of an optical fiber coupler (2), is output from the port III, is sent to an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (3) for amplification, enters a polarization controller (4) for polarization state adjustment, enters from a port I of an optical fiber circulator (5), and is output from the port III and sent to a polarization-maintaining optical fiber (6); generating first-order Stokes laser in a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by a polarization maintaining optical fiber (6); due to the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining fiber (6), the polarization state of the output of the generated first-order Stokes laser is strictly embedded on the fiber principal axis close to the pump polarization state; the first-order Stokes laser is split by the optical fiber coupler (8), and the output of the port I is used as the output port of the laser; the first-order Stokes laser at the port II is subjected to polarization adjustment through a polarization controller (9), then is roughly orthogonal to the polarization state of the pump light, and is converged with the pump light through the port II of the optical fiber coupler (2), and then is sent into a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by a polarization-maintaining optical fiber (6) through an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (3), a polarization controller (4) and an optical fiber circulator (5) to generate second-order Stokes laser; due to the principal axis polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization state of the generated second-order Stokes laser output is strictly embedded on the other principal axis of the optical fiber close to the pump polarization state; the second-order Stokes laser is combined with the pump light through a feedback loop formed by the optical fiber coupler (8), the polarization controller (9) and the optical fiber coupler (2), and then is sent into a Brillouin random laser cavity formed by a polarization maintaining optical fiber (6) through the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (3), the polarization controller (4) and the optical fiber circulator (5) to generate third-order Stokes laser; the polarization state of the generated third-order Stokes laser is strictly embedded on the optical fiber main shaft corresponding to the first-order Stokes laser; by analogy, as long as the Stokes optical power of each step sent into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber random cavity meets the laser cavity threshold condition, the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin random laser formed by the high-order Brillouin Stokes laser is generated.
2. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: orthogonal add-drop multiplexing of multi-wavelength random laser output is based on the axial polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in polarization-maintaining optical fiber; the first-order Stokes laser polarization state generated in the random cavity of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber is not directly polarized by the pump light
Determine whether or not to useIs polarization vector of polarization maintaining fiber relative to polarization state of pump light
Is strictly embedded in
On the principal axis of the polarization maintaining fiber.
3. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polarization state of the first-order Stokes laser is enabled to be roughly orthogonal to the polarization state of the pump light by properly adjusting the polarization controller (9) in the feedback loop, and the generated odd-order and even-order Stokes lasers can be ensured to be accurately embedded in the orthogonal polarization states respectively due to the axial polarization pulling effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the polarization-maintaining fiber
Or
The above.
4. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: SBS gain G in polarization maintaining optical fiber random resonant cavitySBSIn relation to the position of the polarization state of the pump light, the following formula:
and (6) determining.
5. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is improved, and the power of the incident pump light can be increased, so that the wavelength number of the output laser of the Brillouin random fiber laser is increased.
6. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the polarization maintaining fiber is increased, SBS gain can be improved, the threshold value of the random cavity of the polarization maintaining fiber is reduced, and the wavelength number of laser output by the Brillouin random fiber laser is increased.
7. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser wavelength interval generated by the orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength Brillouin optical fiber random laser is determined by the Brillouin frequency shift of the optical fiber.
8. The orthogonal polarization add-drop multiplexing multi-wavelength brillouin fiber random laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pump laser (1), the optical fiber coupler (2), the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (3), the polarization controller (4), the optical fiber circulator (5), the isolator (7), the optical fiber coupler (8) and the polarization controller (9) are all single-mode optical fiber devices.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115579721A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-01-06 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Multi-wavelength laser generation system and method |
| CN115603162A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-13 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司（Cn） | Method and system for improving stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of optical fiber laser |
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2021
- 2021-12-06 CN CN202111476301.8A patent/CN114336251A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115603162A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-13 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司（Cn） | Method and system for improving stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of optical fiber laser |
| CN115603162B (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-10-10 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Method and system for improving stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of fiber laser |
| CN115579721A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-01-06 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Multi-wavelength laser generation system and method |
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