CN114327130A - Flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback and application - Google Patents
Flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback and application thereof belong to the technical field of flexible sensors. The piezoelectric material is used as a sensing unit, and the signal collected by the piezoelectric material layer is conducted out by using the electrode layer. The preparation method is characterized in that a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber layer film prepared by an electrostatic spinning method has a certain similarity with human skin in a fibrous structure. The light transmittance of the fiber film is improved by controlling the spinning time, so that the film is close to human skin in light transmittance. And spin-coating silver nanowires on the substrate of the ultra-flexible PDMS to serve as an electrode layer. The electronic skin has high adaptability and high sensitivity, can realize full bending and curling, is simple to manufacture, convenient to use and low in cost, and can be better attached to the surface of a human body or a machine; can produce different responses to different mechanical forces to act as the touch sense of the human body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of novel flexible sensors, and particularly relates to an electronic skin for truly simulating skin to sense external pressure.
Technical Field
The electronic skin is a novel electronic device for simulating human skin to feel external stimulation through integration and feedback of electrical signals. Designing and manufacturing electronic skins having functional and mechanical properties comparable to natural skin has been a focus of research. Electronic skin needs to have good flexibility and pressure sensitive properties to give mechanical flexibility to the device, simulating artificial touch so that it can perceive the differences when touching an object.
Optical transparency in electronic skin products and product portability are important to expand the application fields of current flexible electronic products. Therefore, the electronic skin with high flexibility and no touch loss can be prepared, self power supply and light transmittance closer to human skin can be realized, and the electronic skin application field can be expanded, such as functions of simulating artificial touch in self-powered touch screen equipment, detecting human motion physiological signals in robot technology, realizing augmented reality in future application scenes such as the metauniverse and the like. At present, the traditional electronic skin touch sensor based on metal and semiconductor materials has difficulty in meeting the requirements of practical use on stretchability and portability due to poor flexibility and wearability. Thanks to the rapid development of flexible materials, manufacturing processes and sensing technologies, electronic skins tend to human skins in terms of performance, and electronic skins which are optically close to human skins are less researched at present, so that the development of electronic skins with optical characteristics has a certain application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to cater to the development of the application field and expand the application field of electronic skin (such as human body physiological motion signal detection and the like), the invention provides a preparation method of high-light-transmission self-powered electronic skin, and the sensing function is realized by utilizing the principle of a piezoelectric material.
Firstly, polyvinylidene fluoride is selected to realize the self-powered effect, and in order to simulate the fibrous sensing structure under the human body cortex, the PVDF nano fiber membrane is prepared by an electrostatic spinning method. The light transmittance of the film is improved by controlling the spinning time. In order to ensure the flexibility of the whole device, the silver nanowire electrode is prepared by taking PDMS as a substrate. Finally, the self-powered electronic skin with certain light transmittance is formed. The device is required to be ensured to be compatible with human skin, the device has small influence on human touch loss, the sensing accuracy and the wearing comfort of the human body are ensured, and the detection of the electronic skin on human action signals is finally realized.
A flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback is characterized in that a main body is of a sandwich structure, a central layer is a PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained through electrostatic spinning, outer layers on two sides of the PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained through electrostatic spinning are flexible conductive layers, and then the sandwich structure is packaged through a PDMS layer, namely the outer side of each flexible conductive layer is PDMS;
flexible conductive layer: coating a silver nanowire layer on one surface of the hydrophilic PDMS membrane; attaching flexible conductive layers to two surfaces of the PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained through electrostatic spinning to enable the silver nanowire layer to be in contact with the PVDF nanofiber membrane, and packaging the outside of the flexible conductive layers by adopting PDMS layers; leading out a lead from the flexible conductive layer;
in order to realize the functions of the electronic skin device, the invention provides the following technical scheme for preparation, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: dissolving a PVDF material by using a mixed solvent of acetone and DMF, and preparing a nanofiber membrane from the dissolved solution through electrostatic spinning; drying the spun fiber membrane in a vacuum drying oven;
the second step is that: changing hydrophilicity of PDMS through plasma treatment, uniformly coating silver nanowires on the surface of the PDMS by using a spin coating method to form a flexible conducting layer, and drying a film in a drying oven after spin coating;
the third step: by utilizing a sandwich structure, the PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained in the first step is used as an intermediate layer, the flexible conducting layer obtained in the second step is covered on two sides of the intermediate layer, so that the silver nanowire layer is attached to the intermediate layer, namely the PVDF nanofiber membrane, and a lead wire such as a copper strip is led out of the flexible conducting layer; and then, preparing a layer of PDMS on the PDMS corresponding to the flexible conductive layer as a packaging layer by utilizing the adhesiveness of the PDMS, and packaging the whole sandwich device.
In order to make the solution in the first step able to be electrospun successfully, it is necessary to maintain the concentration of the PVDF solution at 20 wt%, because acetone as a solvent is very volatile, and in order to control the viscosity change of the solution during spinning, the mass ratio of DMF to acetone in the spinning solution solvent is controlled to be 3: 2.
in the first step, the solution is stirred for 4 hours in a magnetic stirrer at 60 ℃ in order to make the concentration of the solution uniform, and the stirring time is not long enough to prevent the solvent from volatilizing.
PVDF as a polymer material with piezoelectric property has five different crystal phases of alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon, wherein the alpha and beta phases are most common, and the beta phase has good electroactive phase due to the all-trans conformation, so that the content of the alpha and beta phases is very important for the piezoelectric property, and the content of the beta phase in the PVDF can be increased through high-voltage polarization and stretching polarization in the electrostatic spinning process. Therefore, in the first step, the optimum parameters for electrospinning are: the positive voltage is +18kV, and the negative voltage is-2.3 kV; the feed rate was 1ml/h, the take-up distance was 15cm, the relative humidity 35% and the rotational speed of the take-up drum was 140 rmp.
In the first step, the electrospun film was dried in a vacuum oven at 130 ℃ for 12 h.
In the second step, plasma is adopted to treat the PDMS film, so that-OH groups with hydrophilic property are introduced to the surface of the PDMS film and replace-CH groups, and the surface of the PDMS film has extremely strong hydrophilic property. And dropwise adding the silver nanowire solution on one side of the PDMS film for multiple times for spin coating, wherein the rotating speed is 1000 rpm. The PDMS film after spin coating is placed in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying, so that the resistance can be effectively reduced.
In the third step, a 0.5cm wide copper strip is adhered to the flexible conductive layers by conductive silver adhesive for electrical signal output, and the middle PVDF film is flatly clamped between the two flexible conductive layers. Finally, packaging the device by adopting PDMS.
The invention discloses an application of flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback, which is used as an electronic skin and is attached to a human body part, so that the action of human body action on the electronic skin is transmitted and different signals are output.
The flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback is attached to a touch screen, the electronic skin is connected with a capacitor through a circuit, stored energy is stored through touch, the stored energy lightens the corresponding screen, and the screen can be an LCD screen and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the electronic skin prepared by the invention has higher sensitivity and form adaptability, ensures comfortable wearing of a human body, can not easily fall off when being attached to a finger, can effectively distinguish signals generated by the change of the finger, and can be attached to a screen for storing electric quantity and supplying power to the screen by utilizing the advantage of high light transmittance.
2. The piezoelectric property and the piezoelectric sensitivity of the PVDF film are improved by adjusting the concentration of the PVDF solution, electrostatic spinning parameters and the drying temperature of the PVDF fiber film.
3. The light transmittance of the PVDF nanofiber membrane is improved by adjusting the electrostatic spinning time.
4. The electronic skin has high adaptability and high sensitivity, can realize full bending and curling, is simple to manufacture, convenient to use and low in cost, and can be better attached to a human body or a mechanical surface; can produce different responses to different mechanical forces to act as the touch sense of the human body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of an electrodermal device;
FIG. 2 is a graph of potential signal output under different actions;
FIG. 3 is a graph of transmittance versus material for a piezoelectric device; the small animal sample on the left side is the high-light-transmission electronic skin which is not attached with the invention, and the small animal sample on the right side is the high-light-transmission electronic skin which is attached with the invention.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a piezoelectric device and a diagram of a lighted display.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by way of example. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
2g of PVDF was put in a solvent of 3.2g of acetone and 4.8g of DMF, and a sealable glass bottle having a capacity of 20ml was used as a container for preparing the solution in order to prevent evaporation of the solvent. The solution was stirred in a magnetic stirrer at 60 ℃ for 4h to ensure uniform dispersion of the solution.
The dispersed solution was charged into a 5ml syringe and subjected to electrospinning. The spinning humidity is controlled to be about 35 percent, and the voltage is +18kV and-2.3 kV. The spinning distance was 15cm and the flow rate of the injection pump was 1 ml/h. The receiving drum speed was 140 rpm. In order to improve the light transmittance of the PVDF film, the thickness of the film is reduced and the light transmittance is improved under the condition of ensuring that the film is not short-circuited, and for example, the spinning time is controlled to be 5min, 7min, 10min, 12min, 15min and 17min to obtain fiber films with different light transmittances. And (3) placing the spun film in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 10min, and then placing the film in a vacuum drying oven at 130 ℃ for 12 h.
And (3) washing the surface of the PDMS film, performing ultrasonic treatment in alcohol for 15min, and then pouring deionized water for ultrasonic treatment for 15 min. And (3) carrying out plasma treatment on the cleaned film by adopting 20W power for 5 min. The processed PDMS is placed in a spin coater, and in order to prevent the film from being uneven due to bubbles, a drop of alcohol is dripped on the glass substrate, and then the PDMS is paved on the glass substrate. The silver nanowire solution of 10mg/ml is diluted to 3mg/ml with methanol solvent. Dropping the mixture on PDMS several times, wherein the rotation speed of the spin coater is 1000rpm, and each rotation time is 30 s. Spin coating times until the PDMS is conductive, drying the conductive PDMS in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 5min, removing the solvent, and reducing the sheet resistance. And coating conductive silver adhesive on the edge of the dried electrode layer, and attaching a copper strip with the width of 0.5cm to the conductive side.
The prepared PVDF film is placed between the upper and lower conductive layers, and then the PDMS layer is used as a package, and the structure is shown in figure 1.
The electronic skin prepared by the invention has high flexibility, can be directly attached to fingers without any adhesive tape, and as shown in figure 2, due to the high sensitivity of PVDF, the device can distinguish different pressures and output electric signals with different sizes, and can output 140mV electric signals when a user holds a table tennis ball, and can output 400mV voltage when the user presses a mouse.
Another application point of the electronic skin is that the light transmittance of the electronic skin can reach 80% by using the characteristic of high light transmittance, as shown in fig. 3, the electronic skin can be attached to a touch screen for storing energy by using the characteristics of high light transmittance and capability of generating a piezoelectric signal, and the stored energy can light the screen. As shown in fig. 4, the energy stored in the capacitor by the electronic skin is used to successfully illuminate the LCD screen.
Claims (10)
1. A flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback is characterized in that a main body is of a sandwich structure, a central layer is a PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained through electrostatic spinning, outer layers on two sides of the PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained through electrostatic spinning are flexible conductive layers, and then the sandwich structure is packaged through a PDMS layer, namely the outer side of each flexible conductive layer is PDMS;
flexible conductive layer: coating a silver nanowire layer on one surface of the hydrophilic PDMS membrane; attaching flexible conductive layers to two surfaces of the PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained through electrostatic spinning to enable the silver nanowire layer to be in contact with the PVDF nanofiber membrane, and packaging the outside of the flexible conductive layers by adopting PDMS layers; and leading out the lead from the flexible conductive layer.
2. The method for preparing the flexible high-light-transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: dissolving a PVDF material by using a mixed solvent of acetone and DMF, and preparing a nanofiber membrane from the dissolved solution through electrostatic spinning; drying the spun fiber membrane in a vacuum drying oven;
the second step is that: changing hydrophilicity of PDMS through plasma treatment, uniformly coating silver nanowires on the surface of the PDMS by using a spin coating method to form a flexible conducting layer, and drying a film in a drying oven after spin coating;
the third step: by utilizing a sandwich structure, the PVDF nanofiber membrane obtained in the first step is used as an intermediate layer, the flexible conducting layer obtained in the second step is covered on two sides of the intermediate layer, so that the silver nanowire layer is attached to the intermediate layer, namely the PVDF nanofiber membrane, and a lead wire such as a copper strip is led out of the flexible conducting layer; and then, preparing a layer of PDMS on the PDMS corresponding to the flexible conductive layer as a packaging layer by utilizing the adhesiveness of the PDMS, and packaging the whole sandwich device.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the PVDF solution concentration is maintained at 20 wt% for the solution in the first step to be successfully electrospun because acetone as a solvent is very volatile, and the mass ratio of DMF to acetone in the spinning solution solvent is controlled to be 3: 2.
4. the method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first step, the solution is stirred in a magnetic stirrer at 60 ℃ for 4 hours in order to make the concentration of the solution uniform, and the stirring time is not excessively long in order to prevent the solvent from volatilizing.
5. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the first step the parameters of the electrospinning employed are: the positive voltage is +18kV, and the negative voltage is-2.3 kV; the feed rate was 1ml/h, the take-up distance was 15cm, the relative humidity 35% and the rotational speed of the take-up drum was 140 rmp.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the electrospun film is dried in a vacuum oven at 130 ℃ for 12 hours.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein in the second step, the PDMS film is treated with plasma to introduce hydrophilic-OH groups on the surface thereof instead of-CH groups, thereby rendering the PDMS surface very hydrophilic; dropwise adding the silver nanowire solution on one side of the PDMS film for multiple times for spin coating, wherein the rotating speed is 1000 rpm; the PDMS film after spin coating is placed in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying, so that the resistance can be effectively reduced.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein in the third step, a 0.5cm wide copper tape is attached to the flexible conductive layers with conductive silver paste for electrical signal output, and the middle PVDF film is flatly sandwiched between the two flexible conductive layers; finally, packaging the device by adopting PDMS.
9. An application of the flexible high light transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback as the electronic skin in claim 1 is attached to a human body part to realize action conduction of human body actions on the electronic skin and output different signals.
10. Another application of the flexible high light transmission electronic skin simulating artificial tactile feedback as claimed in claim 1 is attached to a touch screen, the electronic skin is connected to a capacitor through a circuit, the stored energy is touched to illuminate the corresponding screen.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115356018A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-18 | 上海大学 | Flexible biosensor and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115855323A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 济南大学 | High-performance waterproof breathable fully-flexible piezoelectric touch sensor |
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| CN111552381A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-18 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Capacitive pressure sensor, preparation method thereof and piano gloves |
| CN112985470A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-18 | 浙江理工大学 | Flexible capacitive sensor based on silver nanowire material and preparation method |
| CN112985661A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-18 | 天津大学 | Electronic skin based on human epidermis structure and preparation method and application thereof |
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2021
- 2021-12-15 CN CN202111539139.XA patent/CN114327130A/en active Pending
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| CN106592108A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of flexible transparent conductive film, and obtained product |
| CN112985661A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-18 | 天津大学 | Electronic skin based on human epidermis structure and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111552381A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-18 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Capacitive pressure sensor, preparation method thereof and piano gloves |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115855323A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 济南大学 | High-performance waterproof breathable fully-flexible piezoelectric touch sensor |
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