CN114325278B - Air gap tolerance voltage measuring and calculating method and device, computer equipment and medium - Google Patents
Air gap tolerance voltage measuring and calculating method and device, computer equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114325278B CN114325278B CN202210255696.7A CN202210255696A CN114325278B CN 114325278 B CN114325278 B CN 114325278B CN 202210255696 A CN202210255696 A CN 202210255696A CN 114325278 B CN114325278 B CN 114325278B
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
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- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device, computer equipment and a medium for measuring and calculating tolerance voltage of an air gap, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a test voltage type and a test voltage polarity applied in a high-voltage test by adopting an interaction module; determining a target conversion formula between the withstand voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity; acquiring an actually measured gap distance of the air gap by adopting a distance measuring module; acquiring test environment parameters in a high-voltage test by adopting an environment parameter detection module; and determining the corresponding withstand voltage of the current air gap according to the actual measurement gap distance, the test environment parameters and a target conversion formula. According to the invention, based on the influence of the applied voltage, the actually measured air gap distance and the environmental parameters on the withstand voltage, a target conversion formula is constructed, the withstand voltage is calculated by combining with the actually measured value, the air gap withstand voltage is quantitatively and intuitively calculated, and the calculation method is simple and has high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical tests of power systems, in particular to a method and a device for measuring and calculating air gap withstand voltage, computer equipment and a medium.
Background
High voltage testing is an important method of testing the performance of electrical equipment. When the arrangement of the high-voltage test loop is carried out, the air gap distance between a high-potential point in the test loop and a low-potential point around the high-potential point is required to be ensured to be capable of enduring the applied test voltage without breakdown, so that the smooth operation of the high-voltage test is ensured.
The breakdown voltage of the air gap is related to various factors such as the distance of the air gap, the uniformity of an electric field, the voltage type, the polarity of an electrode, atmospheric conditions and the like, and in order to accurately predict the discharge voltage of the air gap, more complex methods such as a discharge test, simulation calculation and the like are required to be adopted, so that the method is not suitable for the arrangement work of an actual high-voltage test loop.
At present, before applying a test voltage, a tester mostly estimates a gap distance, and combines with the past test experience to judge whether the air gap distance between a high potential point and a low potential point in a test circuit can withstand the applied test voltage. This method, although simple, has the following problems: the voltage-withstanding judgment has higher requirements on the technical level and the working experience of testers, the practicability is poor, the judgment error is large, the intuitive and quantitative air gap withstand voltage measurement and calculation results cannot be obtained, and the problem of discharging when voltage is applied due to the fact that the withstand voltage judgment is wrong easily occurs in a field with narrow space and insufficient redundancy, so that the safety and the reliability of the system are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method, a device, computer equipment and a medium for measuring and calculating air gap withstand voltage, so that the air gap withstand voltage can be calculated quantitatively and intuitively, and the calculation method is simple and high in accuracy.
According to an aspect of the invention, an air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a test voltage type and a test voltage polarity applied in a high-voltage test by adopting an interaction module;
determining a target conversion formula between the tolerance voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, wherein independent variables of the target conversion formula comprise the air gap distance and environmental parameters;
acquiring an actually measured gap distance of the air gap by adopting a distance measuring module;
acquiring test environment parameters in a high-voltage test by adopting an environment parameter detection module;
and determining the corresponding withstand voltage of the current air gap according to the actually measured gap distance, the test environment parameters and the target conversion formula.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating apparatus for performing the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method described above, the apparatus including: the interaction module is used for acquiring the type and polarity of test voltage applied in the high-voltage test; the distance measurement module is used for acquiring the actually measured gap distance of the air gap; the environment parameter detection module is used for acquiring test environment parameters in a high-voltage test; the control module is used for determining a target conversion formula between the tolerance voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, and independent variables of the target conversion formula comprise the air gap distance and environmental parameters; and determining the corresponding withstand voltage of the current air gap according to the actual measurement gap distance, the test environment parameters and the target conversion formula.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the air gap withstand voltage evaluation method described above.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer instructions for causing a processor to implement the air gap withstand voltage estimation method when executed.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, firstly, an interactive module is adopted to obtain the type and the polarity of a test voltage applied in a high-voltage test, and then a target conversion formula between a withstand voltage and an air gap distance is determined according to the type and the polarity of the test voltage, wherein the independent variable of the target conversion formula comprises the air gap distance and an environmental parameter; the actual measurement gap distance of the air gap is obtained through the distance measurement module, the test environment parameter in the high-voltage test is obtained through the environment parameter detection module, the withstand voltage corresponding to the current air gap is determined according to the actual measurement gap distance, the test environment parameter and the target conversion formula, the problems that the existing high-voltage test is large in withstand voltage judgment error and poor in practicability are solved, the air gap withstand voltage is calculated quantitatively and visually, the calculation method is simple, accuracy is high, and improvement of safety and reliability of the high-voltage test is facilitated.
It should be understood that the statements in this section do not necessarily identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor do they necessarily limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring an air gap withstand voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another method for measuring tolerance voltage of an air gap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another method for measuring tolerance voltage of an air gap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another air gap withstand voltage measuring device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Through research, the withstand voltage of the air gap is influenced by various factors such as the uniformity of an electric field (the shape of an electrode), the type of voltage, the polarity of the voltage, atmospheric conditions and the like besides being related to the distance between the air gap and the air gap. The electric field uniformity can be divided into a uniform electric field, a slightly non-uniform electric field and an extremely non-uniform electric field, and the electric field uniformity is mainly influenced by the shape of the electrode, and the electric field uniformity can be generally considered in a high-voltage test loop according to the extremely non-uniform electric field of a rod-plate electrode. The rod-plate electrode possesses a relatively significant polarity effect, and therefore, is resistant to voltage effects due to voltage polarity.
Based on the theory, the invention integrates the factors influencing the tolerance voltage into a whole and provides a method, a device, computer equipment and a medium for measuring and calculating the tolerance voltage of the air gap so as to quantitatively and intuitively calculate the tolerance voltage of the air gap, and the method is simple and has high accuracy.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to an application scenario of predicting a withstand voltage between a high potential point and a low potential point in a high voltage test loop, where the method may be performed by an air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating device, which may be implemented in a form of hardware and/or software, and the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating device may be configured in a controller.
In the present embodiment, the electrodes between high and low potentials in the high voltage test loop are considered as the rod-plate electrodes, and the withstand voltage of the rod-plate electrodes is affected by the polarity and the voltage type of the test voltage in the high voltage test, so the classification calculation of the withstand voltage is performed by combining the test voltage polarity and the test voltage type.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring and calculating the air gap withstand voltage specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: and acquiring the type and polarity of the test voltage applied in the high-voltage test by adopting an interactive module.
The interaction module is used for realizing a human-computer interaction function between an operator and the controller, the operator executes parameter setting and commands issuing at the interaction module, and then the interaction module transmits related parameters and commands to the controller.
Typically, the interactive module may include a key module, a touch screen, a keyboard, and the like.
In one embodiment, the test voltage type includes any one of: a direct current voltage, an alternating current voltage, a lightning impulse voltage or an operating impulse voltage; the test voltage polarity includes any one of: the rod electrode voltage is a positive voltage with a positive polarity and the plate electrode voltage is a negative polarity, and the rod electrode voltage is a positive voltage with a negative polarity and the plate electrode voltage is a positive voltage.
Any test voltage type and any test voltage polarity are combined to obtain an array for representing test voltage characteristics, and the test voltage characteristics can influence the withstand voltage of the rod-plate electrode.
Step S2: and determining a target conversion formula between the withstand voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity.
Wherein, the air gap distance is the distance between a high potential point and a low potential point in the high-voltage test loop. Independent variables of the target conversion formula comprise air gap distance and environmental parameters, and dependent variables of the target conversion formula are withstand voltage, namely, the target conversion formula is established based on function corresponding relation between the air gap distance, the environmental parameters and the withstand voltage under different voltage types and voltage polarities.
The environmental parameters are parameters characterizing the actual atmospheric conditions during the high pressure test. Typically, environmental parameters include, but are not limited to: temperature, humidity, air pressure and other parameters in the high-pressure test environment.
In this step, the specific function form of the target conversion formula corresponds to a group of test voltage types and test voltage polarities one to one, that is, after the test voltage types and the test voltage polarities are set, a unique empirical calculation formula corresponding to the current test voltage types and the test voltage polarities can be determined, the air gap distance and the environmental parameters are brought into the target conversion formula obtained by matching, and the tolerance voltage corresponding to the air gap distance under the current voltage types, the voltage polarities and the actual atmospheric conditions is calculated.
Step S3: and acquiring the actually measured gap distance of the air gap by adopting a distance measuring module.
Wherein, the distance measuring module can be a laser distance measuring module. The laser ranging module has good collimation performance.
In this step, the distance measuring module receives the measurement instruction sent by the control module, measures the air gap distance, sends the measured air gap distance to the control module, and the control module calculates the corresponding withstand voltage according to the measured air gap distance.
Step S4: and acquiring test environment parameters in the high-voltage test by adopting an environment parameter detection module.
The test environment parameter is used for representing the atmospheric condition when the high-pressure test is executed, and the test environment parameter can be an atmospheric parameter set by a person or an atmospheric parameter in the test environment.
Alternatively, the test environment parameters include, but are not limited to: a real-time temperature parameter t, a real-time humidity parameter h and a real-time air pressure parameter P under the current atmospheric conditions.
In this step, the settable environment parameter detection module comprises a temperature detection submodule, a humidity detection submodule and an air pressure detection submodule, wherein the temperature detection submodule is used for receiving a measurement instruction sent by the control module, starting to measure a real-time temperature parameter t in the test environment at the current moment, and sending the measured real-time temperature parameter t to the control module after the parameter value is stable; the humidity detection submodule is used for receiving a measurement instruction sent by the control module, starting to measure a real-time humidity parameter h in the test environment at the current moment, and sending the measured real-time humidity parameter h to the control module after the parameter value is stable; the real-time air pressure detection submodule is used for receiving a measurement instruction sent by the control module, starting to measure a real-time air pressure parameter P in the test environment at the current moment, and sending the measured real-time air pressure parameter P to the control module after the parameter value is stable, so that the control module corrects the numerical value of the withstand voltage according to the real-time temperature parameter t, the real-time humidity parameter h and the real-time air pressure parameter P.
Step S5: and determining the corresponding withstand voltage of the current air gap according to the actual measurement gap distance, the test environment parameters and a target conversion formula.
In one embodiment, the target conversion formula is established based on a first functional relationship between the withstand voltage and the air gap distance under the condition of the standard environmental parameter and a second functional relationship between the air gap withstand voltage and the actual environmental parameter.
The first functional relationship is a functional correspondence relationship between the air gap withstand voltage and the air gap distance under different voltage types, different typical electrode shapes and different voltage polarities and under the condition of standard environmental parameters (for example, the standard environmental parameters can be air pressure of 1.01KPa, temperature of 20 ℃ and humidity of 40%), and the first functional relationship is used for representing the influence of the air gap distance change on the air gap withstand voltage.
The second function relationship is a correction coefficient of the air gap tolerance voltage between a standard environment parameter condition and an actual environment parameter condition under different voltage types, different typical electrode shapes and different voltage polarities, and can be used for representing the influence of atmospheric condition change on the air gap tolerance voltage.
Specifically, before air gap withstand voltage prediction is performed, electrodes between high and low potentials in a high-voltage test loop are considered as rod-plate electrodes, and empirical calculation formulas among rod-plate electrode withstand voltages, air gap distances and environmental parameters under different voltage types and different voltage polarities are stored in advance. When air gap tolerance voltage prediction is carried out, a tester firstly determines the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity of applied voltage in the current high-voltage test process, obtains a corresponding calculation formula of the tolerance voltage, namely a target conversion formula, according to the matching of the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, and then substitutes the actually measured air gap distance and the test environment parameters under the actual atmospheric condition into the target conversion formula to calculate the tolerance voltage value of the current air gap distance under the actual atmospheric condition.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention solves the problems of large pressure resistance judgment error and poor practicability of the existing high-voltage test by integrating parameter sampling and introducing an experience calculation formula, realizes quantitative and visual calculation of the air gap withstand voltage, has simple calculation method and high accuracy, is convenient for testers to conveniently and quickly judge the gap distance, reduces the requirements on the experimental experience of the testers and the knowledge storage of the air breakdown theory, has strong universality and is beneficial to improving the safety and the reliability of the high-voltage test.
Optionally, fig. 2 is a flowchart of another air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method provided in the first embodiment of the present invention, and on the basis of fig. 1, a specific implementation of step S2 is exemplarily shown, without limiting the steps of the method.
As shown in fig. 2, step S2: determining a target conversion formula between the withstand voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, and comprising the following steps of:
step S201: at least one first conversion formula between the tolerance voltage and the air gap distance in the standard environmental parameter condition under at least one preset voltage type and at least one preset voltage polarity is obtained.
Step S202: and acquiring at least one second conversion formula of the withstand voltage between the standard environmental parameter and the actual environmental parameter under at least one preset voltage type and at least one preset voltage polarity.
Step S203: comparing the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity with the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity, determining a first conversion formula corresponding to the array with consistent comparison as a first target formula, and determining a second conversion formula corresponding to the array with consistent comparison as a second target formula.
Step S204: and determining a target conversion formula according to the first target formula and the second target formula.
Specifically, the above steps S201 to S204 describe a specific embodiment of determining the target conversion formula through a table lookup method, wherein the table lookup method is implemented based on a pre-stored empirical calculation formula list, and the empirical calculation formula list is used for representing the mapping relationship between the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity and the conversion formula.
In this embodiment, the preset voltage types include, but are not limited to: a direct current voltage, an alternating current voltage, a lightning surge voltage, or an operating surge voltage; test voltage polarities include, but are not limited to: the rod electrode voltage is a positive voltage with a positive polarity and the plate electrode voltage is a negative polarity, and the rod electrode voltage is a positive voltage with a negative polarity and the plate electrode voltage is a positive voltage. Before the first conversion formula and the second conversion formula are constructed, the preset voltage types and the preset voltage polarities can be arranged and combined to obtain an array representing the voltage characteristics, for example, a voltage characteristic array is formed by the direct current voltage and the positive polarity, a voltage characteristic array is formed by the direct current voltage and the negative polarity, a voltage characteristic array is formed by the alternating current voltage and the positive polarity, … …, and so on, so that a plurality of voltage characteristic arrays can be obtained.
In step S201, the independent variable of the first conversion formula may be the gap distance, the dependent variable of the first conversion formula may be the withstand voltage under the standard environmental parameter condition, and the first conversion formula corresponds to any voltage characteristic array one to one, and the first conversion formula is used to represent the first functional relationship.
Illustratively, if the gap distance is defined as d, the withstand voltage under standard environmental parameter conditionsIs UbsThen the first conversion formula can be expressed as Ubs=
. The mapping relationship between the first conversion formula and the second conversion formula under different preset voltage types and different preset voltage polarities is shown in table 1.
Referring to table 1, in the standard environmental parameter condition, when the voltage type is dc voltage and the voltage polarity is positive polarity of the rod electrode, the first conversion formula that the tolerance voltage of the rod-plate electrode and the air gap distance satisfy is Ubs=
(ii) a When the voltage type is DC voltage and the voltage polarity is the negative polarity of the rod electrode, a first conversion formula that the tolerance voltage of the rod-plate electrode and the air gap distance satisfy is Ubs=
(ii) a When the voltage type is alternating voltage, a first conversion formula that the tolerance voltage of the rod plate electrode and the air gap distance meet is Ubs=
(ii) a … …; by analogy, each voltage characteristic array formed by the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity corresponds to a unique first conversion formula.
In step S202, the independent variable of the second conversion formula includes the environmental parameter and/or the measured gap distance, the dependent variable of the second conversion formula is the correction coefficient, the second conversion formula corresponds to any voltage characteristic array one to one, and the second conversion formula is used for representing the second functional relationship.
Illustratively, if the environment parameters are defined as a real-time temperature parameter t, a real-time humidity parameter h, and a real-time pressure parameter P, and the gap distance is d, the correction systemNumber ηbThen the second conversion formula can be expressed as
Either the first or the second substrate is, alternatively,
. The mapping relationship between the different preset voltage types, the different preset voltage polarities and the second conversion formula is shown in table 2.
With reference to table 2, when the voltage type is dc voltage and the voltage polarity is positive polarity of the rod electrode, the second conversion formula that the real-time temperature parameter t, the real-time humidity parameter h, the real-time pressure parameter P and the correction coefficient η b satisfy is
(ii) a When the voltage type is direct current voltage and the voltage polarity is the negative polarity of the rod electrode, a second conversion formula which satisfies the real-time temperature parameter t, the real-time humidity parameter h, the real-time air pressure parameter P and the correction coefficient eta b is
(ii) a When the voltage type is AC voltage, a second conversion formula which satisfies the real-time temperature parameter t, the real-time humidity parameter h, the real-time air pressure parameter P and the correction coefficient eta b is
(ii) a … …, respectively; by analogy, each voltage characteristic array formed by the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity corresponds to a unique second conversion formula.
In step S203, the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity set by the tester are compared with the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity in tables 1 and 2, a first conversion formula obtained by table lookup is determined as a first target formula, and a second conversion formula obtained by table lookup is determined as a second target formula.
In step S204, the target conversion formula may be expressed as: u shapeb=ηb*Ubs. Wherein, UbIndicating the corresponding withstand voltage, η, of the measured gap distance under actual atmospheric conditions and voltage characteristicsbIs a dependent variable of a first target formula, UbsIs a dependent variable of the second target formula.
Specifically, as shown in table 1 and table 2, if the test voltage type set by the tester is dc voltage and the test voltage polarity is positive rod electrode polarity, the target conversion formula determined by looking up the table can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
；
If the test voltage type set by the tester is direct current voltage and the test voltage polarity is the negative polarity of the rod electrode, the target conversion formula determined by looking up the table can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
；
If the test voltage type set by the tester is an alternating voltage, the target conversion formula determined by looking up the table can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
；
If the type of the test voltage set by the tester is the lightning impulse voltage and the polarity of the test voltage is the positive polarity of the rod electrode, the target conversion formula can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
；
If the type of the test voltage set by the tester is the lightning impulse voltage and the polarity of the test voltage is the negative polarity of the rod electrode, the target conversion formula can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
；
If the test voltage type set by the tester is the operation surge voltage and the test voltage polarity is the positive rod electrode polarity, the target conversion formula can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
；
If the test voltage type set by the tester is the operation impact voltage and the test voltage polarity is the negative polarity of the rod electrode, the target conversion formula can be expressed as: u shapeb=
*
。
After a target conversion formula is obtained, substituting the measured actually-measured gap distance d, the real-time temperature parameter t, the real-time humidity parameter h and the real-time air pressure parameter P into the target conversion formula, and calculating the obtained withstand voltage UbNamely the tolerance voltage value of the measured distance of the air gap under the actual atmospheric condition.
Therefore, the target conversion formula can be determined by introducing an experience calculation formula and a table look-up method, the target conversion formula integrates the experience calculation formula between the withstand voltage and the gap distance and the correction method of the withstand voltage under different atmospheric conditions, the quantitative and visual calculation of the withstand voltage value is realized, the problems of large withstand voltage judgment error and poor practicability of the existing high-voltage test are solved, the calculation method is simple, the accuracy is high, the gap distance judgment can be conveniently and quickly realized by testers, the requirements on the experimental experience and air breakdown theory knowledge storage of the testers are reduced, and the universality is strong.
Optionally, the first conversion formula comprises at least one of: a unitary linear function, a unitary multiple function, an inverse proportional function, or a unitary piecewise function; the second conversion formula includes at least one of: a multivariate linear function, a multivariate multiple function, or a multivariate piecewise function.
The specific function type in the first conversion formula and the second conversion formula and the related parameters in the function can be obtained by referring to the existing related research data or a large number of experiments, and the specific limitations are not limited thereto.
Illustratively, a first conversion formula pre-stored list as shown in table 3 and a second conversion formula pre-stored list as shown in table 4 are established by referring to the existing relevant research data.
As shown in Table 3, UbsThe unit of (a) is in kV,
in cm.
As shown in Table 4, the measured gap distance d is in cm, the real-time temperature parameter t is in cm, and the real-time humidity parameter h is in g/m3The real-time air pressure parameter P is expressed in kPa.
With combined reference to the tables 3 and 4, an air gap was defined to whichThe voltage type is direct current voltage, the voltage polarity is negative polarity, the actually measured gap distance d is equal to 10cm, the real-time temperature parameter t is 30 ℃, and the real-time humidity parameter h is 15g/m3The real-time pressure parameter P is 100 kPa.
After the applied voltage type is obtained as the direct current voltage and the voltage polarity is the negative polarity, table 3 and table 4 are looked up to determine that the first target formula is Ubs=
The second target formula is
Target conversion formula Ub=ηb*UbsSubstituting the actually measured gap distance d equal to 10cm into a first target formula, and calculating to obtain Ubs=100kV, the real-time temperature parameter t is 30 ℃ and the real-time humidity parameter h is 15g/m3Substituting the real-time air pressure parameter P into a second target formula to obtain
Will U isbs=100kV and
substituting the obtained result into a target conversion formula to calculate and obtain a tolerance voltage value U of the air gap actual measurement distance under the actual atmospheric conditionbAnd =100.4kV, realizing quantitative calculation of the withstand voltage value.
In one embodiment, when the target conversion formula is determined, a certain margin can be set for the withstand voltage value to ensure that the gap distance is enough to apply the voltage required by the high-voltage test, which is beneficial to improving the safety and reliability of the system.
It should be noted that the formulas in tables 3 and 4 are only an example of the conversion formula, and are not limited to the above conversion formula. Those skilled in the art can also modify and update the above conversion formula according to the development of practical research technology, and the function type and related parameters of the conversion formula are not limited in this embodiment.
Optionally, fig. 3 is a flowchart of another air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a parameter reminding function is implemented on the basis of fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 3, after determining the withstand voltage corresponding to the current air gap, the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method further includes:
step S6: based on withstand voltage UbAnd at least one of the measured gap distance d and the test environment parameters displays and reminds the tester.
In particular, the withstand voltage U may be made to be tolerable by wireless communication techniquesbThe actually measured gap distance d, the real-time temperature parameter t, the real-time humidity parameter h and the real-time air pressure parameter P are transmitted to the display terminal, so that the tester can conveniently and quickly judge the gap distance and check the data.
Example two
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which is used for executing the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method, and has functional modules and beneficial effects corresponding to the executing method.
As shown in fig. 4, the air gap withstand voltage measuring apparatus 00 includes: the interaction module 1 is used for acquiring the type and polarity of test voltage applied in a high-voltage test; the distance measurement module 2 is used for acquiring the actually measured gap distance of the air gap; the environment parameter detection module 3 is used for acquiring test environment parameters in a high-voltage test; the control module 4 is used for determining a target conversion formula between the withstand voltage and the gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, and independent variables of the target conversion formula comprise the gap distance and environmental parameters; and determining the corresponding withstand voltage of the current air gap according to the actual measurement gap distance, the test environment parameters and the target conversion formula.
In an embodiment, the interactive module 1 may be a key module, a touch screen, or a keyboard.
In an embodiment, the distance measuring module 2 may be a laser distance measuring module, and the collimation performance of the laser distance measuring module is good.
In one embodiment, the target conversion formula is established based on a first functional relationship between the withstand voltage and the air gap distance under the condition of the standard environmental parameter and a second functional relationship between the air gap withstand voltage and the actual environmental parameter. The first functional relationship is a functional correspondence relationship between an air gap withstand voltage and an air gap distance under different voltage types, different typical electrode shapes and different voltage polarities and under standard environmental parameter conditions (for example, standard environmental parameters can be air pressure of 1.01KPa, temperature of 20 ℃ and humidity of 40%), and the first functional relationship is used for representing the influence of air gap distance change on the air gap withstand voltage. The second function relationship is a correction coefficient of the air gap tolerance voltage between a standard environment parameter condition and an actual environment parameter condition under different voltage types, different typical electrode shapes and different voltage polarities, and can be used for representing the influence of atmospheric condition change on the air gap tolerance voltage.
Wherein the test voltage type includes any one of: a direct current voltage, an alternating current voltage, a lightning impulse voltage or an operating impulse voltage; the test voltage polarity includes any one of: the rod electrode voltage is positive and the rod electrode voltage is negative.
Specifically, prior to the prediction of the air gap withstand voltage, empirical calculation formulas between the rod-plate electrode withstand voltage and the air gap distance and environmental parameters for different voltage types and different voltage polarities are stored in the control module 4 in advance. When air gap tolerance voltage is predicted, a tester firstly sets a test voltage type and a test voltage polarity through the interaction module 1, the control module 4 receives the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity and obtains a corresponding calculation formula of tolerance voltage according to the matching of the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, namely a target conversion formula, then the control module 4 sends a measurement instruction to the distance measurement module 2 and the environment parameter detection module 3, and the distance measurement module 2 starts to measure after receiving the measurement instruction until an actually measured gap distance of the air gap is obtained; the environment parameter detection module 3 starts to measure after receiving the measurement instruction until obtaining the test environment parameters under the actual atmospheric condition, the control module 4 receives the actual measurement gap distance and the test environment parameters under the actual atmospheric condition, substitutes the test environment parameters and the actual measurement gap distance into the target conversion formula, and calculates the withstand voltage value of the current air gap distance under the actual atmospheric condition. The problems of large pressure resistance judgment error and poor practicability of the conventional high-voltage test are solved by integrating a plurality of parameter sampling modules and introducing an experience calculation formula, the air gap withstand voltage is calculated quantitatively and visually, the calculation method is simple, the accuracy is high, the gap distance judgment can be conveniently and rapidly realized by testers, the requirements of the testers on experimental experience and air breakdown theory knowledge storage are reduced, the universality is high, and the improvement of the safety and the reliability of the high-voltage test is facilitated.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the environment parameter detection module 3 includes: any one or a combination of a plurality of temperature detection submodule 301, humidity detection submodule 302 and air pressure detection submodule 303.
Optionally, the control module 4 includes a storage submodule and a comparison submodule, where the storage submodule is configured to store at least one first conversion formula between the tolerance voltage and the air gap distance in the standard environmental parameter condition under at least one preset voltage type and at least one preset voltage polarity, and at least one second conversion formula between the tolerance voltage and the actual environmental parameter under at least one preset voltage type and at least one preset voltage polarity; the comparison submodule is used for comparing the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity with the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity, determining a first conversion formula corresponding to the array which is compared consistently as a first target formula, determining a second conversion formula corresponding to the array which is compared consistently as a second target formula, and determining the target conversion formula according to the first target formula and the second target formula.
In one embodiment, the independent variable of the first conversion formula is the air gap distance, and the dependent variable of the first conversion formula is the withstand voltage under the condition of the standard environmental parameter; the independent variable of the second conversion formula comprises an environmental parameter and/or an air gap distance, and the dependent variable of the second conversion formula is a correction coefficient.
In one embodiment, the first conversion formula includes at least one of: a unitary linear function, a unitary multiple function, an inverse proportional function, or a unitary piecewise function; the second conversion formula includes at least one of: a multivariate linear function, a multivariate multiple function, or a multivariate piecewise function.
In this embodiment, the first conversion formula, the second conversion formula and the target conversion formula can refer to tables 1 to 4, which are not described herein again.
In one embodiment, the predetermined voltage type includes at least one of: a direct current voltage, an alternating current voltage, a lightning impulse voltage or an operating impulse voltage; the preset voltage polarity includes at least one of: the rod electrode voltage is positive and the rod electrode voltage is negative.
Optionally, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating device provided in the second embodiment of the present invention, and on the basis of fig. 4, a display reminding function is added to the embodiment in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 5, the air gap withstand voltage measuring apparatus 00 further includes: and the display terminal 5 is in communication connection with the control module 4, and the display terminal 5 is used for displaying at least one of the withstand voltage, the actually-measured gap distance and the test environment parameters.
In one embodiment, the display terminal 5 includes, but is not limited to: laptop computers, desktop computers, smart phones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.) and smart terminal devices with display functionality.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and illustrates a structure of a computer device 10 that can be used to implement the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method according to the present invention. Computer device 10 is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed herein.
As shown in fig. 6, the computer device 10 includes at least one processor 11, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11, such as a Read Only Memory (ROM) 12, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 13, and the like, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the Read Only Memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 into the Random Access Memory (RAM) 13, so as to enable the processor to perform the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method described above. In the RAM 13, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the computer device 10 can also be stored. The processor 11, the ROM 12, and the RAM 13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input/output (I/O) interface 15 is also connected to bus 14.
A number of components in the computer device 10 are connected to the I/O interface 15, including: an input unit 16 such as a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output unit 17 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 18 such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit 19 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the computer device 10 to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network such as the internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
In some embodiments, the air gap withstand voltage evaluation method described above may be implemented as a computer program tangibly embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, such as the storage unit 18.
In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the computer device 10 via the ROM 12 and/or the communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the air gap withstand voltage evaluation method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 may be configured to perform the air gap withstand voltage gauging method described above in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), system on a chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, receiving data and instructions from, and transmitting data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
A computer program for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks to be performed. A computer program can execute entirely on a machine, partly on a machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on a machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on a remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, the computer readable storage medium may be a machine readable signal medium. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which a user can provide input to the electronic device. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the internet.
The computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so that the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical host and VPS service are overcome.
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and are not limited herein as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a test voltage type and a test voltage polarity applied in a high-voltage test by using an interaction module, wherein the test voltage polarity comprises a positive rod electrode voltage and a negative rod electrode voltage;
determining a target conversion formula between the tolerance voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, wherein the target conversion formula is established based on the functional corresponding relation between the air gap distance and the environmental parameters and the tolerance voltage under different voltage types and voltage polarities;
the target conversion formula comprises a functional corresponding relation between air gap tolerance voltage and air gap distance under a standard environment parameter condition and a correction coefficient of the air gap tolerance voltage between the standard environment parameter condition and an actual environment parameter condition when the rod electrode voltage is in a positive polarity, and a functional corresponding relation between the air gap tolerance voltage and the air gap distance under the standard environment parameter condition and a correction coefficient of the air gap tolerance voltage between the standard environment parameter condition and the actual environment parameter condition when the rod electrode voltage is in a negative polarity;
acquiring an actually measured gap distance of the air gap by adopting a distance measuring module;
acquiring test environment parameters in a high-voltage test by adopting an environment parameter detection module;
determining the tolerance voltage corresponding to the current air gap according to the actually measured gap distance, the test environment parameters and the target conversion formula;
the target conversion formula is determined according to a first conversion formula and a second conversion formula, when the voltage type is alternating current voltage, the first conversion formula is a unitary piecewise function, and the second conversion formula is a multivariate piecewise function;
the unary piecewise function includes:
wherein d is the actual measurement gap distance; u shapebsIs an air gap withstand voltage under standard environmental parameter conditions;
the multivariate piecewise function comprises:
wherein t is a real-time temperature parameter, h is a real-time humidity parameter, P is a real-time air pressure parameter, and the gap distance is d, ηbIs a correction factor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a target scaling equation between withstand voltage and air gap distance based on the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity comprises:
acquiring at least one first conversion formula between tolerance voltage and air gap distance under at least one preset voltage type and at least one preset voltage polarity under standard environmental parameter conditions, wherein the first conversion formula corresponds to an array formed by any one preset voltage type and any one preset voltage polarity one to one;
acquiring at least one second conversion formula of the withstand voltage between standard environmental parameters and actual environmental parameters under at least one preset voltage type and at least one preset voltage polarity, wherein the second conversion formula corresponds to an array formed by any one preset voltage type and any one preset voltage polarity one to one;
comparing the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity with the preset voltage type and the preset voltage polarity, determining a first conversion formula corresponding to the array with consistent comparison as a first target formula, and determining a second conversion formula corresponding to the array with consistent comparison as a second target formula;
and determining the target conversion formula according to the first target formula and the second target formula.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the independent variable of the first conversion equation is the air gap distance and the dependent variable of the first conversion equation is the withstand voltage under standard environmental parameter conditions;
the independent variable of the second conversion formula comprises an environmental parameter and/or an air gap distance, and the dependent variable of the second conversion formula is a correction coefficient.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first conversion formula comprises at least one of: a unitary linear function, a unitary multiple function, an inverse proportional function, or a unitary piecewise function;
the second conversion formula includes at least one of: a multivariate linear function, a multivariate multiple function, or a multivariate piecewise function.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the preset voltage type comprises at least one of: a direct current voltage, an alternating current voltage, a lightning surge voltage, or an operating surge voltage;
the preset voltage polarity comprises at least one of the following: the rod electrode voltage is positive and the rod electrode voltage is negative.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising, after determining the withstand voltage corresponding to the current air gap:
and displaying and reminding a tester based on at least one of the withstand voltage, the measured gap distance and the test environment parameters.
7. An air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating apparatus for performing the air gap withstand voltage measuring and calculating method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the apparatus comprising:
the interaction module is used for acquiring the type of test voltage and the polarity of the test voltage applied in the high-voltage test, wherein the polarity of the test voltage comprises the positive polarity of the rod electrode voltage and the negative polarity of the rod electrode voltage;
the distance measurement module is used for acquiring the actually measured gap distance of the air gap;
the environment parameter detection module is used for acquiring test environment parameters in a high-voltage test;
a control module for determining a target conversion formula between the withstand voltage and the air gap distance according to the test voltage type and the test voltage polarity, the target conversion formula is established based on the functional corresponding relation between the air gap distance and the environmental parameter and the withstand voltage under different voltage types and voltage polarities, the target conversion formula comprises a function corresponding relation between air gap tolerance voltage and air gap distance under the condition of standard environmental parameters and a correction coefficient of the air gap tolerance voltage between the condition of the standard environmental parameters and the condition of the actual environmental parameters when the rod electrode voltage is in a positive polarity, and a function corresponding relation between the air gap tolerance voltage and the air gap distance under the condition of the standard environmental parameters and a correction coefficient of the air gap tolerance voltage between the condition of the standard environmental parameters and the condition of the actual environmental parameters when the rod electrode voltage is in a negative polarity; determining the tolerance voltage corresponding to the current air gap according to the actually measured gap distance, the test environment parameter and the target conversion formula;
the target conversion formula is determined according to a first conversion formula and a second conversion formula, when the voltage type is alternating current voltage, the first conversion formula is a unitary piecewise function, and the second conversion formula is a multivariate piecewise function;
the unary piecewise function includes:
wherein d is the actual measurement gap distance; u shapebsIs an air gap withstand voltage under standard environmental parameter conditions;
the multivariate piecewise function comprises:
wherein t is a real-time temperature parameter, h is a real-time humidity parameter, P is a real-time air pressure parameter, and the gap distance is d, ηbIs a correction coefficient.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising: and the display terminal is in communication connection with the control module and is used for displaying at least one of the withstand voltage, the measured gap distance and the test environment parameters.
9. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the air gap withstand voltage evaluation method of any one of claims 1-6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to implement the air gap withstand voltage evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executed.
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| PCT/CN2023/077482 WO2023174015A1 (en) | 2022-03-16 | 2023-02-21 | Air gap withstand voltage measurement and calculation method and apparatus, and computer device and medium |
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| US6859321B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-02-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Low voltage tunable photonic crystal with large defects as wavelength routing |
| CN102722660B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-04-20 | 广州供电局有限公司 | The Forecasting Methodology of air puncture voltage and device |
| US8937502B2 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2015-01-20 | Pakal Technologies Llc | Lateral insulated gate turn-off devices |
| CN103678941B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-08-17 | 武汉大学 | The Forecasting Methodology of electrode air gap breakdown voltage |
| CN104880650A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-02 | 武汉大学 | Air gap breakdown voltage prediction method |
| CN107085172A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-22 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Oil-Paper Insulation breakdown voltage Forecasting Methodology based on SVMs |
| CN109358276A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-19 | 国网冀北电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Air clearance calculation method and device |
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| CN111766482B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2021-09-24 | 华北电力大学 | Positive polarity ball-plate long air gap flow-guide conversion observation system and method |
| CN111896851B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2023-04-14 | 云南电力技术有限责任公司 | Method and system for predicting breakdown voltage of short air gap and storage medium |
| CN112149869A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-29 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for predicting air gap discharge voltage of direct current transmission line |
| CN113219308B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2024-01-26 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for determining operation impulse discharge voltage of complex gap structure |
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