CN114324598B - High-quality imaging method and system for ultrasonic detection of bolts - Google Patents
High-quality imaging method and system for ultrasonic detection of bolts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, and particularly relates to a high-quality imaging method and system for ultrasonic detection of bolts; the imaging method is characterized in that the approximate position of a crack defect on the side wall of a bolt is determined by taking the middle-bottom thread and the echo of the side wall of the bolt in a phased array ultrasonic sector scanning image as references; after the defect is found, the position of the probe is rotationally moved to adjust the amplitude of the defect, so that deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the bolt are weakened; the phased array ultrasonic sector scanning method is used for collecting original radio frequency signals, and the radio frequency signals are weighted, so that interference of deformation waves on defect echoes is inhibited, and the sensitivity of bolt detection is improved. The method provided by the invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, is very suitable for detecting the defects of the bolts, can intuitively observe the defects on the bolts, and has good popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, and mainly relates to a high-quality imaging method and system for ultrasonic detection of bolts.
Background
The bolts are used as important components of industrial equipment and important connecting pieces of aircraft structures, are easy to generate fatigue cracks or corrosion cracks when operated in complex working environments with high strength pressure intensity, multiple alternating stresses, large temperature overload and the like for a long time, and are very important for nondestructive detection of the bolts. At present, the detection bolts are mostly used for visual detection, magnetic powder detection and penetration detection. However, when the method is used for detection, the bolts are required to be detached from the structural body and assembled, so that the detection is greatly influenced, and the bolts are easy to damage in the assembly process. Compared with the detection, the ultrasonic detection clearly provides a good detection scheme for in-service detection of the bolts. Compared with the conventional ultrasonic detection, the ultrasonic phased array detection can realize deflection and focusing of a sound field, so that the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of a detected image are improved. In particular, the sector scanning of the ultrasonic phased array can realize more scanning angles, the detection range is more comprehensive, the detection capability of the crack defect of the side wall of the bolt is good, the in-service detection of the bolt can be met, and the method is the most commonly used detection method in the industrial ultrasonic phased array detection. However, because the interior of the bolt is complex, the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging are difficult to meet the detection requirement during actual detection, and certain interference is caused when a detector identifies and analyzes the workpiece defect echo, so that the defect is missed to be detected and misjudged.
In order to improve the detection capability of crack defects in the bolt and on the side wall, a high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of the bolt is provided. The method mainly uses a bolt as a detection object, and determines the approximate position of a crack defect on the side wall of the bolt by controlling the position of a probe and taking the bottom thread and the echo of the side wall of the bolt as references; after the defect is found, the position of the probe is rotationally moved to adjust the amplitude of the defect, so that deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the bolt are weakened; on the basis, collecting the original data of ultrasonic phased array sector scanning, obtaining the frequency spectrum data of the array signal by utilizing Fourier transformation, and setting m 0 For the tuning parameters of the low frequency region, a spectral dataset { p (k) is defined m＝1,2…M And in the low-frequency region, squaring and summing the total frequency spectrum and the low-frequency region thereof respectively, wherein a weighting factor can be defined as the ratio of the energy of the preset low-frequency region to the total energy, and the weighting factor matrix is utilized to perform point multiplication operation on the superimposed radio-frequency signals, so that the interference of deformation waves on defect echo is further suppressed, and the sensitivity on bolt detection is improved. The method provided by the invention can effectively improve the imaging quality during bolt detection and enhance the detection capability of defects. And is easy to use on flaw detector. The method has very important effect on effectively preventing irrecoverable damage caused by bolt damage and has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of bolts, which is used for improving the imaging quality during bolt detection and enhancing the detection capability of defects.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: on the one hand, a high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of a bolt is provided, wherein the method takes bottom threads and bolt side wall echoes in phased array ultrasonic sector scanning images as references to determine approximate positions of crack defects on the bolt side wall; after the defect is found, the position of the probe is rotationally moved to adjust the amplitude of the defect, so that deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the bolt are weakened; the phased array ultrasonic sector scanning method is used for collecting original radio frequency signals, and the radio frequency signals are weighted, so that interference of deformation waves on defect echoes is inhibited, and the sensitivity of bolt detection is improved.
The high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of the bolt comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, placing a phased array probe above a screw cap, utilizing an existing phased array fan scanning imaging method, properly moving the probe according to the depth of a bottom thread in a fan scanning image and the side wall echo of a screw, weakening deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the screw to sound waves, determining the position of a crack on the side wall of the screw according to a large-amplitude circular spot appearing at the echo of the side wall of the screw, and acquiring original data for ultrasonic phased array fan scanning imaging;
step two, in order to further weaken the interference of the deformation wave, based on the step one, according to the existing phased array delay rule, a delayed radio frequency signal data set { S }, is obtained m＝1,2…M Any data S in the dataset m Representing the radio frequency signals received by the m-th array element under N angles, and using N t ×N f The xM three-dimensional matrix is stored and marked as matrix A, wherein the first dimension N t Representative of the number of samples of the signal, N f For the number of beam angles in the sector scan image, M is the number of receive array elements of the probe, for the third dimension of the three-dimensional matrix A, i.e., for the array signal s for each array element at N angles m (t) performing Fourier transform to obtain a spectrum data set { p (k) } respectively m＝1,2…M }，p(k) m Is a frequency spectrum and is stored in a three-dimensional matrix F with the same size as the matrix A;
step three, let m 0 For the tuning parameters of the low frequency region, for defining the spectral dataset { p (k) m＝1,2…M Low frequency region (1, m) 0 ) And (M-M) 0 +1, M), denoted as regions a, b, the total spectral dataset { p (k) was determined separately m＝1,2…M ' and its low frequency region data set { p (k) m＝a,b Square to obtain total energy { p (k) } of the signal 2 m＝1,2…M Sum of low frequency energy { p (k) 2 m＝a,b }；
Step four, respectively solving the data sets { S } m＝1,2…M Sum dataset { p (k) 2 m＝1,2…M Sum of m data } S and T and data set { p (k) 2 m＝a,b 2m in } 0 And the sum sigma L of the data is formed by multiplying the S-sigma S and the W-sigma T-sigma L by the point, so that the signal optimization processing for sector scanning imaging is realized, the interference of the deformation wave on the defect echo can be further restrained through algorithm weighted optimization, and the sensitivity on bolt detection is improved.
The invention also provides a high-quality imaging system for ultrasonic detection of the bolt, which is used for realizing the imaging method, and at least comprises a computer host, a display, a data acquisition system, a transducer connecting panel and a linear array transducer, wherein the linear array transducer is connected with the connecting panel, the connecting panel is an ultrasonic transmitting/receiving 32-channel interface, and the data acquisition system is respectively connected with the computer host and the display through PCI-E.
In the above imaging system, a system control interface is integrated on the display, and is used for setting imaging parameters, where the parameters are set as follows: the sampling frequency fs is set to 62.5MHz, the number of transmitting array elements and the number of receiving array elements are set to 16, the transmitting angle range of sector scanning is set to-40 degrees to 40 degrees, the total number of transmitting angle degrees is 61, namely the angle interval is 1.3 degrees, the sound velocity v of ultrasonic waves in a bolt is set to 5900m/s, and the focusing depth is 40mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of the bolt solves the problems that the imaging quality is poor and defects are difficult to detect when the ultrasonic phased array sector scanning is used for detecting the bolt to a certain extent, improves the resolution of defect signal echoes of the sector scanning image when the bolt is detected, and can inhibit deformation wave echoes to a certain extent at the same time, so that the defect detection capability when the sector scanning is used for detecting the bolt is effectively improved. The method provided by the invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, is very suitable for detecting the defects of the bolts, can intuitively observe the defects on the bolts, and has good popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic signal acquisition detection system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a bolt and its defect information in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an unweighted bolt sector image;
fig. 4 is a preset low frequency region in the original signal frequency domain;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an optimization weighting algorithm;
FIG. 6 is a weighted bolt sector image;
the system comprises a 1-computer host, a 2-display, a 3-data acquisition system, a 4-transducer connecting panel and a 5-linear array transducer.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, an ultrasonic phased array detection of a steel bolt test block is taken as an example, and a high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of a bolt provided by the invention is further described. As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic detection system is adopted to image a test piece, the ultrasonic detection system comprises a computer host 1, a display 2, a data acquisition system 3, a transducer connection panel 4 and a linear array transducer 5, wherein the linear array transducer is connected with the connection panel, the connection panel is an ultrasonic transmitting/receiving 32-channel interface, the model number of the linear array transducer 5 used in the scheme is L5L 64-0.6X10-C77, the central frequency of the probe is 5MHz, the array element length of the probe is 10mm, and the distance between adjacent array elements is 0.6mm. The data acquisition system is connected with the host computer and the display through PCI-E, the tested block is shown in figure 2, the height of the bolt is 120mm, and a defect with a notch depth of 0.3mm is processed at a position 40mm away from the upper end of the nut. Because the bolt is complex, the imaging resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio are difficult to meet the detection requirement during actual detection; therefore, the bolts are subjected to sector scanning data acquisition, and the change of image quality before and after weighting is analyzed. The specific sector scanning imaging steps are as follows:
1) Opening the ultrasonic detection system, placing the linear array transducer on the bolt cap, setting parameters at the system control interface on the display 2, sampling frequency f s Setting 62.5MHz, setting the number of transmitting and receiving array elements to 16, setting the transmitting angle range of sector scanning to-40 DEG, setting 61 transmitting angle degrees, namely the angle interval to be 1.3 DEG, setting the sound velocity v of ultrasonic wave in the bolt to 5900m/s, and focusing depth to 40mm. After parameter setting is completed, an ultrasonic phased array sector scanning program is operated, a phased array probe is placed above a nut, the probe is properly moved according to the depth of a bottom thread in a sector scanning image and the side wall echo of a screw, deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the screw on sound waves are weakened, an original imaging image is observed, the position of a crack on the side wall of the screw is further determined according to a large-amplitude circular spot appearing at the echo of the side wall of the screw, the optimal detection position of the probe is found, and the probe is fixed and original data for ultrasonic phased array sector scanning imaging are acquired;
2) The original data of the ultrasonic phased array sector scanning imaging acquired by the step 1) is a delayed radio frequency signal data set { S } m＝1,2…16 M in the data set represents the number of array elements, the array element serial numbers are m=1:16, and s m Representing the received signal of the mth array element under 61 angles and storing in a 2560×61×16 three-dimensional matrix A, wherein three dimensions of the matrix A respectively represent the sampling time number, the beam angle number and the received array element number, superposing the third dimension of the matrix A by using a program sum (A, 3), normalizing, and then carrying out primary data set { S } m＝1,2…16 Performing fan-shaped imaging display to obtain an original fan-shaped scanning image, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the horizontal axis represents the emission angle q, and the vertical axis represents the depth x;
3) To further attenuate the deformation waveImproving the detection sensitivity of the side wall crack of the bolt, and on the basis of 2), the original data set { S } m＝1,2…16 Each signal s in } m (t) performing a Fourier transform to obtain a spectral dataset { p (k) m＝1,2…,16 Seen in a three-dimensional matrix F of the same size as matrix A, the adjustment parameters m of the low frequency region are set 0 =1, the low frequency region low_fft has a range size of [1,16]As shown in fig. 4, the total spectrum data set { p (k) is obtained for each m＝1,2…16 Data set { p (k) of low frequency region of the spectrum } sum m＝1,16 Square to obtain the total energy E of the signal T ＝{p(k) 2 m＝1,2…16 Sum of low frequency energy E L ＝{p(k) 2 m＝1,16 }；
4) Respectively find the original data set { S } m＝1,2…16 Sum E T ＝{p(k) 2 m＝1,2…16 Sum of 16 data in } S and T, and low frequency energy E L ＝{p(k) 2 m＝1,16 Sum Σl of data in } let s= Σs, w= Σt/Σl, finally dot multiplication is performed on the matrix S and W to realize signal optimization processing for sector scanning imaging, fig. 5 is an algorithm flow chart of steps 3) and 4), and fig. 6 is a weighted sector diagram of bolt detection.
As is apparent from comparing fig. 3 and fig. 6, compared with the original image, the optimized fan-scan image has significantly increased echo amplitude of the defect, more significantly displayed defect, further suppresses the interference of the deformation wave on the defect echo, enhances the defect resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, further improves the image quality, and increases the sensitivity of detecting the bolt.
The foregoing embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but is not intended to be construed as a conventional technical means or a common general knowledge in the art, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. The high-quality imaging method for ultrasonic detection of the bolt is characterized in that the imaging method takes middle-bottom threads and echoes of the bolt side wall in a phased array ultrasonic sector scanning image as references to determine the approximate position of crack defects of the bolt side wall; after the defect is found, the position of the probe is rotationally moved to adjust the amplitude of the defect, so that deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the bolt are weakened; the method comprises the steps of collecting original radio frequency signals by using a phased array ultrasonic sector scanning method, and carrying out weighting treatment on the radio frequency signals, so that interference of deformation waves on defect echo is inhibited, and the sensitivity of bolt detection is improved;
the method comprises the steps of determining the position of a crack defect on the side wall of a bolt, namely placing a phased array probe above a screw cap, properly moving the probe according to the depth of a bottom thread in a sector scanning image and the side wall echo of a screw by using an existing phased array fan scanning imaging method, weakening deformation waves generated by reflection and refraction of the side wall of the screw to sound waves, and determining the position of the crack on the side wall of the bolt according to a large-amplitude circular spot appearing at the echo of the side wall of the screw; acquiring original data for ultrasonic phased array sector scanning imaging while determining the positions of cracks on the side wall of the bolt;
the weighting process is as follows:
step S1, acquiring original data for ultrasonic phased array sector scanning imaging, and obtaining a delayed radio frequency signal data set { S }, according to the existing phased array delay rule m＝1,2…M Any data S in the dataset m Representing the radio frequency signals received by the m-th array element under N angles, and using N t ×N f The xM three-dimensional matrix is stored and marked as matrix A, wherein the first dimension N t Representative of the number of samples of the signal, N f For the number of beam angles in the sector scan image, M is the number of receive array elements of the probe, for the third dimension of the three-dimensional matrix A, i.e., for the array signal s for each array element at N angles m (t) performing Fourier transform to obtain a spectrum data set { p (k) } respectively m＝1,2…M }，p(k) m Is a frequency spectrum and is stored in a three-dimensional matrix F with the same size as the matrix A;
step S2, after obtaining the spectrum data set, setting m 0 For adjusting parameters in the low frequency region forDefining a spectral dataset { p (k) m＝1,2…M Low frequency region (1, m) 0 ) And (M-M) 0 +1, M), denoted as regions a, b, the total spectral dataset { p (k) was determined separately m＝1,2…M ' and its low frequency region data set { p (k) m＝a,b Square to obtain total energy { p (k) } of the signal 2 m＝1,2…M Sum of low frequency energy { p (k) 2 m＝a,b }；
Step S3, respectively obtaining data sets { S } m＝1,2…M Sum dataset { p (k) 2 m＝1,2…M Sum of m data } S and T and data set { p (k) 2 m＝a,b 2m in } 0 Sum of the data Σl, let s= Σs, w= Σt/Σl, and finally dot multiplication is performed on the matrix S and W, so that signal optimization processing for sector scanning imaging is realized.
2. The high-quality imaging system for ultrasonic detection of bolts is used for realizing the imaging method according to claim 1, and is characterized by at least comprising a computer host, a display, a data acquisition system, a transducer connection panel and a linear array transducer, wherein the linear array transducer is connected with the connection panel, the connection panel is an ultrasonic wave transmitting/receiving 32-channel interface, and the data acquisition system is respectively connected with the computer host and the display through PCI-E.
3. The high quality imaging system for ultrasonic detection of bolts of claim 2, wherein said display has integrated thereon a system control interface for setting imaging parameters, the parameters being: sampling frequency f s Setting 62.5MHz, setting the number of transmitting and receiving array elements to 16, setting the transmitting angle range of sector scanning to-40 DEG, setting 61 transmitting angle degrees, namely the angle interval to be 1.3 DEG, setting the sound velocity v of ultrasonic wave in the bolt to 5900m/s, and focusing depth to 40mm.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108693251A (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | 江苏新时高温材料股份有限公司 | The 3 D detection method of hollow plate type ceramic film deep zone defect is realized based on ultrasonic technique |
| CN110208384A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-06 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle |
| CN112067698A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Time-frequency combined rapid full-focusing ultrasonic imaging method |
| CN112067699A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Water immersion ultrasonic imaging detection method for suppressing interface echo interference |
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| FR2993362B1 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-07-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR PROCESSING ULTRASONIC SURVEY ACQUISITION SIGNALS, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND CORRESPONDING ULTRASONIC SURVEY DEVICE |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108693251A (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | 江苏新时高温材料股份有限公司 | The 3 D detection method of hollow plate type ceramic film deep zone defect is realized based on ultrasonic technique |
| CN110208384A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-06 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle |
| CN112067698A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Time-frequency combined rapid full-focusing ultrasonic imaging method |
| CN112067699A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Water immersion ultrasonic imaging detection method for suppressing interface echo interference |
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