CN114323906A - Fracture toughness solving method considering internal crack propagation of concrete material - Google Patents

Fracture toughness solving method considering internal crack propagation of concrete material Download PDF

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CN114323906A
CN114323906A CN202111586488.7A CN202111586488A CN114323906A CN 114323906 A CN114323906 A CN 114323906A CN 202111586488 A CN202111586488 A CN 202111586488A CN 114323906 A CN114323906 A CN 114323906A
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fracture
concrete
crack
point bending
test piece
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CN114323906B (en
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卿龙邦
曹国瑞
慕儒
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Hebei University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a fracture toughness solving method considering the internal crack propagation of a concrete material, which is characterized in that a section with the crack propagation is colored by using a color dye, then the average crack propagation length considering the internal crack propagation condition of the concrete material is obtained by using the projection area of the colored section, the fracture toughness considering the internal crack propagation can be obtained, and the fracture toughness is closer to a real fracture toughness value.

Description

Fracture toughness solving method considering internal crack propagation of concrete material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fracture mechanics theory, in particular to a fracture toughness solving method considering the internal crack propagation of a concrete material.
Background
For concrete materials, the concrete materials are influenced by factors such as casting vibration, maintenance environment, insufficient cement hydration heat dissipation and the like, certain initial microcrack defects exist inside the concrete materials, when the concrete materials are broken and damaged under the action of external force, the internal initial microcracks gradually expand and penetrate through the concrete materials, and finally cracks extend to the surface of the concrete materials.
Vantadori et al (Vantadori S, Carpinterii A, Fortese G, et al. model I Fracture technology of fiber-reinforced concrete by means of a modified version of soft rock [ J ]. Procedia Structural Integrity,2016,2: 2889-. In the research, when fracture toughness is solved, the crack propagation condition inside the concrete sample is not considered, but the crack propagation lengths of all positions of the fracture surface are different when the concrete is used as a multiphase composite material, so that the fracture toughness obtained through calculation has certain deviation from the real fracture toughness.
Based on the above analysis, it is necessary to provide a fracture toughness solving method considering the internal crack propagation of the concrete material, and the actual fracture parameters corresponding to the fracture damage process are obtained by combining the fracture damage characteristics of the concrete material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of fracture damage of a concrete material, and provides a fracture toughness solving method considering the internal crack propagation of the concrete material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a fracture toughness solution method considering crack propagation inside concrete materials, comprising the following steps:
carrying out a concrete fracture experiment, when the concrete fracture experiment is loaded to a peak load, executing force-preserving operation, inserting a trapezoidal steel cushion block into the position of a prefabricated crack, and dripping an alcohol solution containing a dyeing reagent, which can flow randomly, into the concrete at the position of a gap between the steel cushion block and the prefabricated crack, wherein the addition amount of the alcohol solution is based on the section which can fully cover the crack extension;
standing until the crack expansion section is dyed and the alcohol is completely volatilized, splitting the test piece into two parts along the midspan cracking position, shooting any one part after splitting from an angle perpendicular to the fracture surface by adopting imaging equipment to obtain a color image, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the position of the tip of the prefabricated crack as an initial position according to the shot color image, and simultaneously executing gray scale recognition operation to obtain coordinate information of all pixel points of the concrete material dyeing closed boundary line;
calculating the area of the dyeing area by an integral method, and simultaneously obtaining the average crack propagation length h according to the width value of the concrete samplemeanAverage crack propagation length hmeanAnd substituting the fracture toughness into a fracture mechanics formula to obtain the fracture toughness considering the internal crack propagation of the concrete material.
The concrete fracture test comprises a three-point bending prefabrication notch beam fracture test and a wedging splitting pulling test.
Further, the solving method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: carrying out a concrete three-point bending prefabrication notched beam fracture test, when loading to peak load, executing force load-holding operation, inserting a trapezoidal steel cushion block into the position of a prefabricated crack, slowly unloading the load applied by a testing machine, taking down a three-point bending beam test piece from the position of a support of the testing machine, turning and placing, dripping a proper amount of phenolphthalein alcohol solution with the concentration of 1% into the concrete at the tip position of the prefabricated crack by adopting a burette, standing for about 20 minutes until the alcohol volatilizes and an indicator develops color;
the second step is that: splitting a three-point bending beam test piece into two parts along a midspan cracking position, shooting any one part after splitting from an angle vertical to a fracture surface by adopting imaging equipment such as a camera and the like to obtain a color image, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the surface of the test piece at the position of the tip of a prefabricated crack as an original point of the shot color image, taking the direction along the width direction of the test piece as the positive direction of an X axis and taking the direction far away from the prefabricated crack and vertical to the X axis as the positive direction of a Y axis, simultaneously executing gray scale recognition operation, recognizing a dyeing closed boundary line in the I quadrant of the plane rectangular coordinate system, and obtaining coordinate information of all pixel points of the phenolphthalein developing closed boundary line (namely the dyeing closed boundary line) of the concrete material;
the third step: calculation of phenolphthalein color development areaWhile calculating the average crack propagation length h using the formula (1)mean
Figure BDA0003427893720000021
The left side and the right side of a middle sign in the formula (1) both represent the area of a phenolphthalein chromogenic closed boundary region, wherein the left side adopts an integral method, the lower limit of the integral is an x coordinate value corresponding to an original point of a plane rectangular coordinate system, the upper limit B of the integral is a width value of a three-point bending beam test piece, h represents the crack extension length at any position of a fracture damage surface, the integral value can be obtained by leading all pixel point coordinates of the closed boundary into Origin curve drawing software to solve the area, and the right side of the middle sign is equivalent to a rectangle in the crack extension region to solve the average crack extension length;
the fourth step: calculating the fracture toughness of the internal crack propagation of the concrete material by adopting a fracture mechanics formula (2),
Figure BDA0003427893720000022
in the formula (2), PmaxRepresenting the peak load actually measured in the fracture test, wherein S, B and D are respectively the effective span, width and height of the three-point bending beam test piece; f. of1The shape parameters relating to the test piece can be determined from equation (3),
Figure BDA0003427893720000023
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fracture toughness solving method considering the internal crack propagation of the concrete material, disclosed by the invention, is characterized in that a section of the crack propagation is colored by using a color dye, then the average crack propagation length considering the internal crack propagation condition of the concrete material is obtained by using the projection area of the colored section, the fracture toughness considering the internal crack propagation can be obtained, and is closer to a real fracture toughness value, and the method can be popularized and applied in the fields of scientific research and practical engineering.
According to the invention, by combining the characteristics of an alkaline environment presented after the concrete material is hydrated and the phenolphthalein indicator changes color with alkali, a phenolphthalein alcohol solution is preferably selected, and due to the volatile characteristic of alcohol, the extended section can be completely dyed by carrying phenolphthalein without dyeing the concrete material which is not extended, and the effective identification of the crack extension area can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a loading schematic diagram of a fracture test of a three-point bending precast notched beam according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the size of a trapezoidal steel shim used in the examples;
FIG. 3 is an inverted schematic view of a three-point bending precast notched beam inserted into a trapezoidal steel cushion block;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-point bending fracture surface of a pre-fabricated notched beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and any equivalent modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without substantial innovations shall fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a fracture toughness solving method considering the internal crack propagation of a concrete material, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing a concrete three-point bending prefabricated notched beam (shown in figure 1), carrying out a fracture experiment, executing force load-holding operation when a peak load is loaded, inserting a trapezoidal steel cushion block (shown in figure 2) into a prefabricated crack position, slowly unloading the load applied by a testing machine, taking down a three-point bending beam test piece from a testing machine support seat, turning and placing (shown in figure 3), dripping a proper amount of phenolphthalein alcohol solution with the concentration of 1% into concrete at the tip position of the prefabricated crack by using a burette, standing for about 20 minutes until alcohol volatilizes and an indicator develops color;
the second step is that: splitting a three-point bending beam test piece into two parts along a midspan cracking position, shooting any one part after splitting from an angle vertical to a fracture surface by adopting imaging equipment such as a camera and the like, obtaining a color image, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system aiming at a shot image, wherein the original point position of the plane rectangular coordinate system is the position of a prefabricated crack tip on the surface of the test piece, the original point position is an X axis along the width direction of the test piece, the original point position is a Y axis along the height direction of the test piece, and simultaneously executing gray level recognition operation to obtain coordinate information of all pixel points of a phenolphthalein developing closed boundary line of a concrete material; the initial position of the phenolphthalein color-developing closed boundary line is the position where the prefabricated crack tip is located, and the final position is the crack extension tip.
The third step: calculating the area of phenolphthalein color development region, and calculating the average crack propagation length h by formula (1)mean
Figure BDA0003427893720000031
The left side and the right side of a constant number in the formula (1) both represent the area of a phenolphthalein chromogenic closed boundary region, wherein the left side adopts an integral method, the lower limit of the integral is an x coordinate value corresponding to an original point of a plane rectangular coordinate system, the upper limit of the integral is a width value of a three-point bending beam test piece, the integral value can be obtained by leading all pixel point coordinates of the closed boundary into Origin curve drawing software to solve the area, and the right side of the constant number enables a crack extension region to be equivalent to a rectangle so as to solve the average crack extension length;
the fourth step: calculating the fracture toughness of the internal crack propagation of the concrete material by adopting a fracture mechanics formula (2),
Figure BDA0003427893720000032
in the formula (2), PmaxRepresenting the peak load actually measured in the fracture test, wherein S, B and D are respectively the effective span, width and height of the three-point bending beam test piece; f. of1The shape parameter of the specimen can be obtained from equation (3).
Figure BDA0003427893720000033
The force load-holding operation finger testing machine does not apply external force to the three-point bending beam test piece any more, and meanwhile, the vertical displacement at the load action point does not change any more, namely, the testing machine is in a static state, so that the crack in the concrete material can be ensured not to continue to expand in a short time;
the size of the trapezoid steel cushion block is shown in fig. 2, and the short side (upper bottom) of the trapezoid and the height of the trapezoid steel cushion block are respectively the same as the width W of the prefabricated crack of the three-point bending beam test piece and the width B of the three-point bending beam test piece; the length of the long edge (lower bottom) of the trapezoid steel cushion block is larger than the width W of the prefabricated crack, and the height of the trapezoid is not smaller than the height a of the prefabricated crack0After inserting trapezoidal steel cushion, because trapezoidal variable cross section characteristics, can with prefabricate the certain space of formation between the crack point end, dropwise add alcohol solution in this space, can use the burette to carry out the dropwise add when the space is great, can use the syringe that has the syringe needle to carry out the dropwise add when the space is less for dyeing material in the alcohol solution can be with the whole dyeing of crack extension cross section. The value of W in this example is 2 mm.
The function of the trapezoidal steel cushion block is as follows: and after the testing machine is unloaded, the shrinkage of the micro cracks in the concrete material is prevented, and the measurement result of the crack extension length is prevented from being influenced.
The cement in the concrete material can generate calcium hydroxide when hydrated, so that a concrete matrix presents an alkaline environment, phenolphthalein is used as a common acid-base indicator, and the phenolphthalein does not change color when meeting an acid solution and a neutral solution under normal conditions and can change into red when meeting an alkali solution;
the phenolphthalein solution gradually flows into cracks generated in the concrete material under the action of external force, the flow of the phenolphthalein solution stops at the crack expansion tip, and the concrete fracture surface in direct contact with the phenolphthalein solution turns red, so that a closed red boundary line can be obtained. The method can utilize the common knowledge that phenolphthalein is subjected to alkali color development to obtain the crack extension length of any position in the concrete material, and then the average value of the crack extension lengths is solved to realize the calculation of the fracture toughness.
After the concrete material is cracked, two fracture surfaces can be generated at the same time, the corresponding crack extension lengths of the two fracture surfaces at the same position are kept the same, and therefore, any one surface is selected to carry out image shooting.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.

Claims (5)

1. A fracture toughness solution method considering crack propagation inside concrete materials, comprising the following steps:
carrying out a concrete fracture experiment, when the concrete fracture experiment is loaded to a peak load, executing force-preserving operation, inserting a trapezoidal steel cushion block into the position of a prefabricated crack, and dripping an alcohol solution containing a dyeing reagent, which can flow randomly, into the concrete at the position of a gap between the steel cushion block and the prefabricated crack, wherein the addition amount of the alcohol solution is based on the section which can fully cover the crack extension;
standing until the crack expansion section is dyed and the alcohol is completely volatilized, splitting the test piece into two parts along the midspan cracking position, shooting any one part after splitting from an angle perpendicular to the fracture surface by adopting imaging equipment to obtain a color image, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the position of the tip of the prefabricated crack as an initial position according to the shot color image, and simultaneously executing gray scale recognition operation to obtain coordinate information of all pixel points of the concrete material dyeing closed boundary line;
calculating the area of the dyeing area by an integral method, and simultaneously obtaining the average crack propagation length h according to the width value of the concrete samplemeanAverage crack propagation length hmeanAnd substituting the fracture toughness into a fracture mechanics formula to obtain the fracture toughness considering the internal crack propagation of the concrete material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dyeing reagent added to the alcohol solution is an obvious dye or a phenolphthalein reagent which is different from the color of the concrete, and the mass content of phenolphthalein in the alcohol solution to which phenolphthalein is added is 1%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concrete fracture test comprises a three-point bending precast notched beam fracture test and a wedging and pulling test.
4. The solution method according to claim 1, wherein the short side of the trapezoidal steel pad block and the height of the trapezoidal steel pad block are respectively the same as the width W of the prefabricated crack of the three-point bending beam test piece and the width B of the three-point bending beam test piece; the length of the long edge of the trapezoid steel cushion block is greater than the width W of the prefabricated crack, and the height of the trapezoid is not less than the height a of the prefabricated crack0
5. The solving method according to claim 1, wherein the concrete fracture test is a three-point bending precast notched beam fracture test, and the concrete solving method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: carrying out a concrete three-point bending prefabrication notched beam fracture test, when loading to peak load, executing force load-holding operation, inserting a trapezoidal steel cushion block into a prefabricated crack position, slowly unloading the load applied by a testing machine, taking a three-point bending beam test piece down from a testing machine support seat position, turning and placing the three-point bending beam test piece, dripping alcohol solution of a dyeing reagent into concrete at the tip position of the prefabricated crack by adopting a burette, and standing until the crack expansion section is dyed and the alcohol is completely volatilized;
the second step is that: splitting a three-point bending beam test piece into two parts along a midspan cracking position, shooting any one part after splitting from an angle vertical to a fracture surface by adopting imaging equipment to obtain a color image, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system aiming at the shot color image, and simultaneously executing gray level identification operation to obtain coordinate information of all pixel points of a concrete material dyeing closed boundary line;
the third step: calculating the area of the dyed area, and calculating the average crack propagation length h by using the formula (1)mean
Figure FDA0003427893710000011
The left side and the right side of a middle mark in the formula (1) both represent the area of a phenolphthalein chromogenic closed boundary region, wherein the left side adopts an integral method, the lower limit of the integral is an x coordinate value corresponding to an original point of a plane rectangular coordinate system, the upper limit of the integral B is a width value of a three-point bending beam test piece, h represents the crack extension length of any position of a fracture damage surface, and the integral value is obtained by leading all pixel point coordinates of the closed boundary into Origin curve drawing software to solve the area; on the right side of the equal sign, the crack extension area is equivalent to a rectangle to solve the average crack extension length;
the fourth step: calculating the fracture toughness of the internal crack propagation of the concrete material by adopting a fracture mechanics formula (2),
Figure FDA0003427893710000021
in the formula (2), PmaxRepresenting the actually measured peak load in the concrete fracture test, wherein S, B and D are respectively the effective span, width and height of the three-point bending beam test piece; f. of1The shape parameters relating to the test piece are determined from equation (3),
Figure FDA0003427893710000022
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