CN114323813B - Atmospheric sedimentation collection device for heavy metal pollutants and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Atmospheric sedimentation collection device for heavy metal pollutants and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114323813B CN114323813B CN202210000938.8A CN202210000938A CN114323813B CN 114323813 B CN114323813 B CN 114323813B CN 202210000938 A CN202210000938 A CN 202210000938A CN 114323813 B CN114323813 B CN 114323813B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long time and a construction method thereof, comprising a bracket and a monitoring device fixedly connected to the bracket; the monitoring device comprises a wet sedimentation collecting barrel, a dry sedimentation collecting barrel arranged on the periphery of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, a shrinkage sealing cover arranged above the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, automatic induction equipment electrically connected with the wet sedimentation collecting barrel and the shrinkage sealing cover, and a solar cell panel for providing power energy for the automatic induction equipment; the dry sedimentation collecting barrels are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel in circumference; the upper plane of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel is flush with the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover; the shrinkage sealing covers are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel; the shrinkage sealing cover forms a whole circular cover body. The invention is suitable for the region with complex test environment, avoids the inconvenience of manual collection and realizes full-automatic operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of monitoring of heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere, in particular to an atmospheric sedimentation collecting device of the heavy metal pollutants and a construction method thereof.
Background
The dry and wet sedimentation of the atmosphere refers to the sedimentation of particles on the ground under the natural environment condition by gravity or rain and snow scouring. Coarse particles with diameters greater than 100 μm typically fall to the ground near the source due to the different particle sizes of the atmospheric particulates, and fine particles with diameters less than 2.5 μm are transported with the gas stream to a region 1000km away from the source. Therefore, the migration and enrichment of heavy metals in the environment are affected by long-term human activities, and the heavy metal pollution of soil caused by large-scale mining is an important environmental problem which must be dealt with by ecological civilization construction. Unreasonable mineral resource development behaviors lead to serious heavy metal pollution of soil around mines, and often lead to exceeding of heavy metal content of agricultural products planted in surrounding cultivated lands. Because dust is generated in the mining process, the dust content of the near-surface dust fall and the heavy metal content contained in the dust fall are increased, and the method is an important source of heavy metal in soil in a peripheral area, and is still relatively lagged in view of heavy metal source and space-time distribution monitoring in atmospheric sedimentation.
The atmospheric dry-wet sedimentation not only produces physical damage to the ecological environment, but also produces secondary chemical harm, for example, heavy metals in soil are absorbed by plants and then eaten by animals or human beings, and can cause great harm to human bodies.
The dry and wet atmospheric sediment contains dry sediment and wet sediment which are settled to the ground from the atmosphere, wherein the dry sediment refers to substances in which aerosol and other acidic substances are directly settled to the ground, and the wet sediment contains the acidic substances along with high-altitude rain and snow absorption and then is flushed after the acidic substances are lowered to the ground. The former is most of the media attached to the particles, and the latter is most of the media attached to the precipitation (rain, snow and hail). The method for monitoring dry and wet sedimentation at home and abroad is classified into a dust collecting cylinder method, a dry and wet sedimentation method and a self-made sampling device method according to sample collecting equipment.
CN201621253504.5S two collection barrels of dry sediment sampling barrels and wet sediment sampling barrels are adopted, and the sampling positions cannot reflect the heavy metal types and the specific gravities of different positions in the concentration point area of the sampling area. The data it acquires is not accurate enough. In addition, the movable link mechanism is always in an outdoor operation environment, and hidden danger of movement failure exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above-mentioned goal, the invention provides an atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long time and a construction method thereof, which are especially suitable for the region with complex test environment, avoid the inconvenience of manual collection and realize full-automatic operation. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long time comprises a bracket and a monitoring device fixedly connected to the bracket;
the monitoring device comprises a wet sedimentation collecting barrel, a dry sedimentation collecting barrel arranged on the periphery of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, a shrinkage sealing cover arranged above the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, automatic induction equipment electrically connected with the wet sedimentation collecting barrel and the shrinkage sealing cover, and a solar cell panel for providing power energy for the automatic induction equipment;
the dry sedimentation collecting barrels are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel in circumference;
the solar panel is fixedly connected to the shrinkage sealing cover;
the upper plane of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel is flush with the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover;
the shrinkage sealing covers are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel;
the shrinkage sealing cover forms a whole circular cover body.
Further:
the automatic induction equipment comprises a rainwater catcher, a light intensity detector arranged on the bottom surface of the rainwater catcher and a driving mechanism electrically connected with the light intensity detector;
the driving mechanism is arranged below the shrinkage sealing cover;
the rainwater catcher is fixedly connected to the center of the upper part of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel.
Further:
the number of the dry sedimentation collecting barrels is 3; the sum of the surface areas of the dry sedimentation collector barrels is greater than 2/3 of the surface area of the wet sedimentation collector barrels and less than or equal to the surface area of the wet sedimentation collector barrels.
Further:
the driving mechanism comprises a connecting shell fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, a transmission mechanism arranged on the connecting shell and a driving motor for driving the transmission mechanism to transmit;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission gear fixedly arranged at the center of the connecting shell and a sliding block meshed with the outer circumference of the transmission gear;
the connecting shell is provided with a rectangular chute, and the sliding block is connected in the rectangular chute in a sliding way;
the shrinkage sealing cover is of a fan-shaped structure;
the transmission mechanism and the shrinkage sealing covers are the same in number.
Further:
the transmission mechanism further comprises a penetrating shaft which horizontally penetrates through the sliding block, and an adjusting block which is fixedly connected to the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover;
the output shaft of the driving motor is connected with one of the shaft penetrating keys; the sliding block is in threaded transmission with the shaft penetrating and moves along the shaft penetrating axis;
the adjusting block is in sliding connection with the sliding block.
Further:
the sliding block comprises bevel teeth arranged on the upper plane and transmission teeth arranged on the side face; the transmission teeth are arranged along the shaft penetrating direction and are in meshed connection with the transmission gears;
the connecting surface of the adjusting block and the sliding block is provided with adjusting teeth matched with the helical teeth; the shell is provided with a guide groove which is arranged towards the circle center; the adjusting block slides in the guide groove.
Further:
the light intensity detector comprises an induction head, a microprocessor and a power supply module; the power supply module is electrically connected.
Further:
liquid guide pipes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circle center are arranged in the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, one end of each liquid guide pipe extends into the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, and the other end of each liquid guide pipe is connected with a peristaltic pump; the number of the liquid guide pipes is three and is close to the wall of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel;
a stop valve is arranged at the joint of each liquid guide tube and the peristaltic pump; the stop valve comprises a first valve, a second valve and a third valve;
the peristaltic pump is connected with a sealed sample cup; the peristaltic pump comprises a peristaltic pump body, and is characterized in that the sample cup comprises a first cup area, a second cup area and a third cup area, a four-way valve is arranged at an outlet of the peristaltic pump, a first interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the first cup area, a second interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the second cup area, a third interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the third cup area, and the sample cup further comprises a liquid outlet arranged at the bottom.
Further:
the sample cup and the dry sedimentation collecting barrel are transparent glass panels;
the sample cup and the dry sedimentation collecting barrel are connected with an XRF rapid detection device;
the XRF rapid detection device comprises a controller, an X-ray emission device and a light guide device.
Further, the construction method of the atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long time comprises the following steps:
step one: the device is arranged in a region to be detected, and the height of the bracket reaching the detection requirement is adjusted;
step two: when wet sediments need to be collected, a driving motor is started, so that a penetrating shaft is driven to rotate, a sliding block drives a transmission gear to rotate along the axis of the penetrating shaft, so that adjusting blocks on other transmission mechanisms are driven to move along a guide groove, a shrinkage sealing cover is also driven to translate towards the direction away from the barrel center of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, and the wet sedimentation collecting barrel is completely opened;
step three: when the dry sediment needs to be collected, the driving motor is reversely started, the bucket opening of the wet sedimentation collecting bucket is completely closed, and the bucket opening of the dry sedimentation collecting bucket is completely opened;
step four: when a wet sediment sample needs to be collected, starting a peristaltic pump, opening a first stop valve, collecting about 10ml of the sample in a first cup area, and closing the first stop valve; opening a second stop valve, collecting about 10ml of sample in the second cup area, and closing the second stop valve; opening a third stop valve, collecting about 10ml of sample in the third cup area, and closing the third stop valve;
step five: the heavy metal content in the dry and wet sediment can be obtained through an XRF rapid detection device;
step six: when the sample is required to be collected manually, the sample cup can be taken directly to obtain a wet sediment sample, then a sample bag is adopted to collect different samples from different dry sediment collecting barrels, and the samples are put into different bags, and marks are made.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the setting structure of the dry sedimentation collecting barrels which are uniformly arranged around the wet sedimentation collecting barrels is used for collecting dry and wet sediments in a sampling area to be tested, liquid guide pipes in different positions are arranged in the wet sedimentation collecting barrels, and data obtained by an average value taking method after the dry and wet sediments in different positions are measured are used for enabling detection values after collected samples to be more accurate.
2. The application is provided with an atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device bracket, can independently support the monitoring device, and can move at any time
3. This application adopts auto-induction equipment: the device comprises a rainwater catcher, a light intensity detector and a driving box, wherein the rainwater catcher is a barrel device for containing rainwater, the bottom of the rainwater catcher is connected with a light intensity sensor, the device is mainly used for preventing the driving box from swinging frequently due to instantaneous rainwater interval difference, after water is contained at the bottom of the barrel device, the refraction condition of the light intensity sensor changes, the light intensity detector provides signals for a controller, and the controller starts a transmission device to work; when raining, the driving motor is automatically started to open the shrinkage sealing cover. When the shrinkage sealing cover is opened until the complete bung hole of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel is completely opened, the shrinkage sealing cover is positioned right above the dry sedimentation collecting barrel, the bung hole of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel is sealed, and wet sediments are mixed in the dry sediments. The transmission mechanism is always positioned below the shrinkage sealing cover, so that the old rust condition caused by rainwater on the transmission mechanism can not be generated. And the transmission device is arranged in the shell, the circumference of the shell is sealed and is provided with lubricating oil, and the mechanism moves flexibly without jamming.
4. The light intensity sensor is connected with the driving box, the light intensity sensor, the microprocessor and the power module are arranged in the driving box, and the power module is connected with a power supply system of the solar cell panel; the solar panel is used for energy source, and is suitable for outdoor electricity utilization.
5. The dry-wet sedimentation collecting barrel body is transparent, so that the content of sediments collected in the barrel can be observed at any time; the diethanol solution (the proportion of diethanol to water is 10% -20%) is added in the barrel, so that sediment is prevented from being frozen in water in winter.
6. The stainless steel screen mesh is arranged at the top of the dry-wet sedimentation collecting barrel to prevent sundries such as leaves, insects and the like from falling into the collecting barrel.
7. The bottom of the collecting barrel is provided with a glass panel, and is connected with a detachable XRF rapid detection device, so that the XRF rapid detection device can be placed regularly for detection, and periodic monitoring can be carried out after long-term placement. The XRF rapid detection device comprises a controller, an X-ray emission device and a light guide device, wherein the X-ray emission device irradiates an atmospheric sediment sample deposited at the bottom of a collecting barrel through the light guide device, and the controller transmits data to obtain the heavy metal content in the atmospheric sediment. The problem of data transmission is solved conveniently and rapidly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the top view of the present invention shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission mechanism A-A of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission B-B of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission mechanism C-C of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a slider according to the present invention.
In the drawings: 1. a bracket; 2. a wet sedimentation collection barrel; 21. a catheter; 3. a dry sedimentation collection barrel; 4. a shrink seal cover; 5. a solar cell panel; 6. a rain catcher; 7. a light intensity detector; 71. a sense head 71; 72. a microprocessor; 73. a power module; 8. a driving mechanism; 81. a housing; 811 guiding groove; 82. a slide block; 821. helical teeth; 822 drive teeth; 83. penetrating a shaft; 84. a driving motor; 85. a transmission gear; 86 adjusting blocks; 861. an adjusting tooth 1; 9. a peristaltic pump; 911. a first valve; 912. a second valve; 913. a third valve; 10 XRF rapid detection device.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the patent is further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a number" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The generation of urban dry and wet sedimentation pollution is indistinguishable from the activity density of human beings, and the types and the pollution degrees of the generated pollutants are different due to the variability of the activity of the human beings. Therefore, when collecting dry and wet sedimentation samples, functional areas are to be divided, and the pollutants in urban dry and wet sedimentation sediment generally comprise: heavy metals, particulate or dissolved immobilized substances, organic substances, inorganic substances, etc. These materials are mainly derived from: human activity, vehicle emissions, vehicle component wear, liquid chemical leakage, road wear, road maintenance, etc., wherein road surface, tire wear, and vehicle component wear are the primary sources of solid matter. Heavy metals, particularly mercury, tin, lead, chromium, and the like, have significant biotoxicity. They cannot be degraded by microorganisms in water, but only can undergo various morphological interconversion and dispersion and enrichment processes. The main acid-forming substance of acid rain is sulfate, and the heavy metal concentration in the industrial area is high, especially the Pb concentration is high, and the heavy metal concentration in the industrial area is high in great relation with industrial production. Zn and Pb are beyond the national three-class water standard.
As shown in fig. 1-9, an atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long time comprises a bracket 1 and a monitoring device fixedly connected to the bracket 1;
the monitoring device comprises a wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2, a dry sedimentation collecting barrel 3 arranged on the periphery of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2, a shrinkage sealing cover 4 arranged above the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2, automatic induction equipment electrically connected with the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2 and the shrinkage sealing cover 4, and a solar panel 5 for providing power energy for the automatic induction equipment; the dry sedimentation collecting barrels 3 are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2; the solar panel 5 is fixedly connected to the shrinkage sealing cover 4; the upper plane of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel 3 is flush with the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover 4; the shrinkage sealing covers 4 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2; the shrink seal cover 4 forms a complete circular cover body. The bracket 1 comprises a round bottom plate on the upper part and a tripod positioned at the lower end of the round bottom plate, wherein the tripod is a height-adjustable bracket body.
The invention collects the barrel body of the dry and wet sedimentation sample, marks the sampling place, date and number, and makes sampling record. Is placed in different locations of industrial area, commercial area and residential area.
The dry sedimentation sample was collected using a 10cm diameter tank, soaked with 10% hcl for 24 hours, and then rinsed clean with deionized water. And immediately placing a clean sampler on a preset sampling point bracket when the settlement starts each time, and collecting part of rain samples. The dry sedimentation collecting barrel 3 is uniformly arranged around the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2 by adopting three circumferences and is fixedly connected to a circular bottom plate of the bracket 1.
The automatic induction equipment comprises a rainwater catcher 6, a light intensity detector 7 arranged on the bottom surface of the rainwater catcher 6 and a driving mechanism 8 electrically connected with the light intensity detector 7;
the driving mechanism 8 is arranged below the shrinkage sealing cover 4; the rainwater catcher 6 is fixedly connected to the upper center position of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2. The number of the dry sedimentation collecting barrels 3 is 3; the sum of the surface areas of the dry sedimentation collector drums 3 is greater than 2/3 of the surface area of the wet sedimentation collector drums 2 and less than or equal to the surface area of the wet sedimentation collector drums 2.
The driving mechanism 8 comprises a connecting shell 81 fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2, a transmission mechanism arranged on the connecting shell 81 and a driving motor 84 for driving the transmission mechanism to transmit; the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission gear 85 fixedly arranged at the center of the connecting shell 81 and a sliding block 82 meshed with and transmitted to the outer circumference of the transmission gear 85; the connecting shell 81 is provided with a rectangular chute, and the sliding block 82 is slidably connected in the rectangular chute; the shrinkage sealing cover 4 is of a fan-shaped structure; the number of the transmission mechanisms is the same as that of the shrinkage sealing covers 4.
The transmission mechanism further comprises a penetrating shaft 83 horizontally penetrating through the sliding block 82 and an adjusting block 86 fixedly connected to the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover 4; an output shaft of the driving motor 84 is connected with one of the through shafts 83 in a key manner; the sliding block 82 is in threaded transmission with the through shaft 83 and moves along the axis of the through shaft 83; the adjustment block 86 is slidably coupled to the slider 82.
The slide block 82 comprises bevel teeth 821 arranged on the upper plane and transmission teeth 822 arranged on the side face; the transmission gear 822 is arranged along the direction of the through shaft 83 and is meshed with the transmission gear 85; an adjusting tooth 861 which is matched with the inclined tooth 821 is arranged on the connecting surface of the adjusting block 86 and the sliding block 82; the housing 81 is provided with a guide groove 811 arranged towards the center of the circle; the adjustment block 86 slides within the guide groove 811.
After the rainwater sample is filtered, the rainwater sample is stored in a cleaned polyethylene bottle in a sealing way at normal temperature and in a dark place. After each rainfall, the rain collector is rinsed with deionized water, and then is packaged by a plastic bag. After the sample is collected, a label is attached, a number is compiled, and the sampling place, date, sampling start-stop time, rainfall and the like are recorded. Since the rainfall contains dust particles, microorganisms and other tiny particles, except that the rainfall water sample for measuring the pH value is not filtered, the water samples for measuring metals and non-metals are filtered by a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.35 microns. The content of chemical components in the rainwater is generally low, and the rainwater is easy to be subjected to physical change (such as volatilization and absorption of SO in the air) 2 ) Chemical changes and biological effects, and should therefore be measured as soon as possible after sampling. For wet sedimentation detection of pollution from rainfall, the main source is affected by many factors in the whole process, including the pollution condition of the atmosphere, the days from the last rainfall, the intensity of the rainfall, the pH value in the rainwater and the characteristics of the pollutant itself. The concentration of the pollutants in rainfall runoff varies in different rainfall patterns due to the fact thatThe concentration value of runoff pollutants of the rainfall pavement needs to be calculated and then compared.
When rainfall passes, the liquid guiding pipe extracts samples from different positions at 3 positions, and when the samples are collected, the height of the samples in the total sedimentation dust collection cylinder is firstly measured by using the ruler, and the heights are recorded in a sampling table. The samples were taken for determination of their pH and conductivity. After the arithmetic mean value of three places is needed to be calculated, the result and the mean value are recorded and saved.
The light intensity detector 7 comprises a sensing head 71, a microprocessor 72 and a power module 73; the power module 73) is electrically connected to the solar cell panel 5. Liquid guide pipes 21 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circle center are arranged in the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2, one end of each liquid guide pipe 21 extends into the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2, and the other end of each liquid guide pipe is connected with a peristaltic pump 9; the number of the liquid guide pipes 21 is three and is close to the wall of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2; a stop valve 91 is arranged at the joint of each liquid guide tube 21 and the peristaltic pump 9; the stop valve 91 includes a first valve 911, a second valve 912, and a third valve 913; the outlet of the peristaltic pump 9 is connected with a sealed sample cup; the sample cup comprises a first cup area, a second cup area and a third cup area, a four-way valve is arranged at the outlet of the peristaltic pump 91, a first interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the first cup area, a second interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the second cup area, a third interface of the four-way valve is communicated with the third cup area, and the sample cup further comprises a liquid outlet arranged at the bottom. The sample cup and the dry sedimentation collecting barrel 3 are transparent glass panels; the sample cup and the dry sedimentation collecting barrel 3 are connected with an XRF rapid detection device 10; the XRF rapid detection device 10 includes a controller, an X-ray emitting device, and a light guide.
The construction method of the atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long time is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: the device is arranged in a region to be detected, and the height of the bracket 1 reaching the detection requirement is adjusted;
step two: when wet sediments need to be collected, a driving motor 84 is started, so that a penetrating shaft 83 is driven to rotate, a sliding block 82 is driven to rotate along the axis of the penetrating shaft 83, the sliding block 82 drives a transmission gear 85 to rotate, so that an adjusting block 86 on other transmission mechanisms is driven to move along a guide groove 811, and a shrinkage sealing cover 4 is also driven to translate in the direction away from the barrel center of the wet sedimentation collection barrel 2, and the wet sedimentation collection barrel 2 is completely opened;
step three: when the dry sediment needs to be collected, the driving motor 84 is reversely started, the barrel opening of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel 2 is completely closed, and the barrel opening of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel 3 is completely opened;
step four: when a wet sediment sample needs to be collected, the peristaltic pump 9 is started, the first stop valve 911 is opened, about 10ml of sample is collected in the first cup area, and the first stop valve 911 is closed; the second shut-off valve 912 was opened and the second cup area was about 10ml of sample collected, and the second shut-off valve 912 was closed; the third shut-off valve 913 is opened and about 10ml of sample is collected in the third cup area, and the third shut-off valve 913 is closed;
step five: the heavy metal content in the dry and wet sediments can be obtained by the XRF rapid detection device 10;
step six: when the sample is required to be collected manually, the sample cup can be taken directly to obtain a wet sediment sample, then a sample bag is adopted to collect different samples from different dry sediment collecting barrels 3, and the samples are placed into different bags and marked.
In the above embodiment, when the sample is automatically detected, the XRF rapid detection device is used to detect the sample, the X-ray tube excites the detected sample by generating incident X-rays, and the excited sample emits secondary X-rays at each element, so that the types of various heavy metals can be judged from the energy and wavelength characteristics of the secondary X-rays, and the content of the various heavy metals can be judged according to the intensity of fluorescence.
If the sample is required to be collected on site and then subjected to further detection in a laboratory, the collected sample is sent to the laboratory for preparation of a filter membrane, the sample in the sample bottle is uniformly shaken and then is put into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning, and all the particles on the wall of the sample bottle are oscillated as far as possible. Setting parameters: the temperature is 25 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 92%, and the ultrasonic time is 20-30min.
And then carrying out suction filtration on the sample.
The solution after suction filtration can be regarded as an atmospheric wet sedimentation sample. The heavy metal components in the heavy metal can be quantitatively analyzed by ICPMS, atomic fluorescence or atomic absorption and the like, and the concentration of the heavy metal after analysis is the concentration of the heavy metal in wet sedimentation. And then calculating the wet settlement and settlement flux of the atmospheric heavy metal according to the sampling time and the cross section area of the dust collection cylinder. The sample on the filter membrane was a dry sediment sample. The filter membrane after suction filtration is air-dried for more than 24 hours, and then is weighed. The difference between the front and rear mass is the weight of the dry sedimentation sample, and the atmospheric sedimentation flux is calculated according to the sampling time and the cross-sectional area of the cylinder. And carrying out heavy metal quantitative analysis by ICP-MS\atomic fluorescence or atomic absorption and other methods.
Reasons and advantages of the technical equipment: the traditional technology adopts a dry sedimentation and a wet sedimentation collecting barrel method, a reversible cover is arranged on the dry sedimentation and the wet sedimentation barrel, and the conversion and the collection processes are carried out by a mechanical mode. The method for collecting the sediment by adopting the structural modes of a plurality of dry sediments and one wet sedimentation is characterized in that the influence of heavy metal content differences among local sediments on detection data is not accurate, generally one test point is provided with one wet sedimentation barrel and at least one dry sedimentation barrel, so that the heavy metal content in the wet sediment and the heavy metal content in the dry sediment are compared to analyze the heavy metal pollution concentration in the local area.
The dry sedimentation collecting barrel body is transparent, so that the content of sediments collected in the barrel can be observed at any time; the diethanol solution (the proportion of diethanol to water is 10% -20%) is added in the barrel, so that sediment is prevented from being frozen in water in winter.
The stainless steel screen mesh is arranged at the top of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel and the wet sedimentation collecting barrel, so that sundries such as leaves, insects and the like are prevented from falling into the collecting barrel.
The bottom of the collecting barrel is provided with a glass panel, and is connected with a detachable XRF rapid detection device, so that the XRF rapid detection device can be placed regularly for detection, and periodic monitoring can be carried out after long-term placement. The XRF rapid detection device comprises a controller, an X-ray emission device and a light guide device, wherein the X-ray emission device irradiates an atmospheric sediment sample deposited at the bottom of a collecting barrel through the light guide device, and the controller transmits data to obtain the heavy metal content in the atmospheric sediment. The problem of data transmission is solved conveniently and rapidly.
The above described embodiments are only preferred examples of the invention and are not exhaustive of the possible implementations of the invention. Any obvious modifications thereof, which would be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, should be considered to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An atmosphere subsides monitoring devices of long-term collection heavy metal pollution, its characterized in that: comprises a bracket (1) and a monitoring device fixedly connected to the bracket (1);
the monitoring device comprises a wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), a dry sedimentation collecting barrel (3) arranged on the periphery of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), a shrinkage sealing cover (4) arranged above the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), automatic induction equipment electrically connected with the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2) and the shrinkage sealing cover (4) and a solar panel (5) for providing power energy for the automatic induction equipment;
the dry sedimentation collecting barrels (3) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2);
the solar panel (5) is fixedly connected to the shrinkage sealing cover (4);
the upper plane of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel (3) is flush with the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover (4);
the shrinkage sealing covers (4) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2);
the shrinkage sealing cover (4) forms a whole circular cover body;
the automatic induction equipment comprises a rainwater catcher (6), a light intensity detector (7) arranged on the bottom surface of the rainwater catcher (6) and a driving mechanism (8) electrically connected with the light intensity detector (7);
the driving mechanism (8) is arranged below the shrinkage sealing cover (4);
the rainwater catcher (6) is fixedly connected to the upper center position of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2);
the driving mechanism (8) comprises a connecting shell (81) fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), a transmission mechanism arranged on the connecting shell (81) and a driving motor (84) for driving the transmission mechanism to transmit;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission gear (85) fixedly arranged at the center of the connecting shell (81), and a sliding block (82) meshed with and transmitted to the outer circumference of the transmission gear (85);
the connecting shell (81) is provided with a rectangular chute, and the sliding block (82) is connected in the rectangular chute in a sliding way;
the shrinkage sealing cover (4) is of a fan-shaped structure;
the number of the transmission mechanisms is the same as that of the shrinkage sealing covers (4);
the transmission mechanism further comprises a penetrating shaft (83) horizontally penetrating through the sliding block (82), and an adjusting block (86) fixedly connected to the lower plane of the shrinkage sealing cover (4);
the output shaft of the driving motor (84) is connected with one of the penetrating shafts (83) in a key way; the sliding block (82) is in threaded transmission with the through shaft (83) and moves along the axis of the through shaft (83);
the adjusting block (86) is in sliding connection with the sliding block (82).
2. An atmospheric sedimentation monitoring device for long term collection of heavy metal contaminants as defined in claim 1 wherein:
the number of the dry sedimentation collecting barrels (3) is 3; the sum of the surface areas of the dry sedimentation collecting barrels (3) is more than 2/3 of the surface area of the wet sedimentation collecting barrels (2) and less than or equal to the surface area of the wet sedimentation collecting barrels (2).
3. The atmospheric settlement monitoring device for long-term collection of heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, wherein:
the sliding block (82) comprises bevel teeth (821) arranged on the upper plane and transmission teeth (822) arranged on the side surface; the transmission gear (822) is arranged along the direction of the through shaft (83) and is meshed with the transmission gear (85);
an adjusting tooth (861) which is matched with the helical tooth (821) is arranged on the connecting surface of the adjusting block (86) and the sliding block (82); the shell (81) is provided with a guide groove (811) which is arranged towards the circle center; the adjusting block (86) slides in the guide groove (811).
4. An atmospheric settlement monitoring device for long-term collection of heavy metal pollution according to claim 3, wherein:
the light intensity detector (7) comprises an induction head (71), a microprocessor (72) and a power supply module (73); the power module (73) is electrically connected with the solar panel (5).
5. An atmospheric settlement monitoring device for long-term collection of heavy metal pollution according to claim 4, wherein:
liquid guide pipes (21) which are uniformly distributed along the circle center circumference are arranged in the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), one end of each liquid guide pipe (21) extends into the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), and the other end of each liquid guide pipe is connected with a peristaltic pump (9); the number of the liquid guide pipes (21) is three and is close to the cylinder wall of the wet sedimentation collecting cylinder (2);
a stop valve is arranged at the joint of each liquid guide tube (21) and the peristaltic pump (9); the stop valve comprises a valve one (911), a valve two (912) and a valve three (913);
the outlet of the peristaltic pump (9) is connected with a sealed sample cup; the peristaltic pump (91) outlet is provided with the four-way valve, the first interface of four-way valve with first cup district intercommunication, the second interface of four-way valve with second cup district intercommunication, the third interface of four-way valve with third cup district intercommunication, the sample cup is still including setting up the leakage fluid dram in the bottom.
6. An atmospheric settlement monitoring device for long-term collection of heavy metal pollution according to claim 5, wherein:
the sample cup and the dry sedimentation collecting barrel (3) are transparent glass panels;
the sample cup and the dry sedimentation collecting barrel (3) are connected with an XRF rapid detection device (10);
the XRF rapid detection device (10) comprises a controller, an X-ray emission device and a light guide device.
7. A construction method of an atmospheric settlement monitoring device for collecting heavy metal pollution for a long period of time according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step one: the device is arranged in a region to be detected, and the height of the bracket (1) reaching the detection requirement is adjusted;
step two: when wet sediments need to be collected, a driving motor (84) is started, so that a penetrating shaft (83) is driven to rotate, a sliding block (82) drives a transmission gear (85) to rotate along the axis of the penetrating shaft (83), so that adjusting blocks (86) on other transmission mechanisms are driven to move along a guide groove (811), a shrinkage sealing cover (4) is also driven to translate in the direction away from the barrel center of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2), and the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2) is completely opened;
step three: when the dry sediment needs to be collected, the driving motor (84) is reversely started, the barrel opening of the wet sedimentation collecting barrel (2) is completely closed, and the barrel opening of the dry sedimentation collecting barrel (3) is completely opened;
step four: when a wet sediment sample needs to be collected, a peristaltic pump (9) is started, a first stop valve (911) is opened, about 10ml of the sample is collected in a first cup area, and the first stop valve (911) is closed; opening a second shut-off valve (912), collecting about 10ml of sample in the second cup area, and closing the second shut-off valve (912); opening a third shut-off valve (913), collecting about 10ml of sample in the third cup zone, and closing the third shut-off valve (913);
step five: the heavy metal content in the dry and wet sediments can be obtained by an XRF rapid detection device (10);
step six: when the sample is required to be collected manually, the sample cup can be taken directly to obtain a wet sediment sample, then a sample bag is adopted to collect different samples from different dry sedimentation collecting barrels (3), and the samples are put into different bags and marked.
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