CN114323608A - Method for judging axial position of shedding part of steam turbine rotor - Google Patents

Method for judging axial position of shedding part of steam turbine rotor Download PDF

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CN114323608A
CN114323608A CN202111560728.6A CN202111560728A CN114323608A CN 114323608 A CN114323608 A CN 114323608A CN 202111560728 A CN202111560728 A CN 202111560728A CN 114323608 A CN114323608 A CN 114323608A
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rotor
journal
steam turbine
displacement
axial
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黄琪
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DEC Dongfang Turbine Co Ltd
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DEC Dongfang Turbine Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for judging the axial position of a shedding part of a steam turbine rotor, which comprises the following technical measures: acquiring the displacement of the parts on the rotor on the support system caused by the impact force generated at the moment of falling off; and obtaining the axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference journal according to the length between the journals at the two ends of the rotor and the absolute value of the impact displacement of the journals at the two ends. The invention does not relate to the interference of deviation factors no matter the acquisition of monitoring data or the derivation and calculation process, so that the axial distance between the obtained original position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference datum journal is accurate and reliable, and the preparation work of spare parts for processing the shedding fault of the rotor part can be timely, prepared and reliably guided.

Description

Method for judging axial position of shedding part of steam turbine rotor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fault diagnosis technology of a steam turbine, in particular to a method for judging the relative position of a component on a rotor with a symmetrical structure of the steam turbine, the original position of the component when a shedding fault occurs in the operation and the axial direction of the whole rotor with the symmetrical structure.
Background
A steam turbine is a rotary prime mover for converting thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, and is called a steam turbine, which is mainly composed of a stator portion including a cylinder and the like and a rotor portion including a main shaft and the like. In the working operation, the rotor needs to bear huge centrifugal force, and is continuously influenced by water erosion, corrosion elements and the like, so that the risk of stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue fracture of high-stress blades on the rotor is increased, and the failure that the blades fly off (i.e. centrifugally fall off) from the rotor occurs in the operation, which is most prominent particularly in the low-pressure rotor.
Under the current large environment of power peak regulation and quick start-stop, the thermal power generating unit runs under low load for a long time, and the condition that the low-pressure rotor is corroded by water is relatively serious. At the same time, Na is controlled by the quality of the condensed water+、Cl、K+、SiO2And under the influence of corrosive elements, the blades of the low-pressure rotor are relatively easy to generate fly-off faults in the operation process.
After the steam turbine fails, the failure needs to be rapidly processed, and the parts on the rotor are in a flying failure, which is obvious to the economic benefit of power production enterprises.
The method comprises the following steps of processing the component flying-off fault on the rotor, wherein the processing comprises the items of preparation of spare parts in the early period, arrangement of the working period in the later period and the like. The preparation of the spare parts is based on the premise that the position of the origin of the falling part in the axial direction of the rotor is clearly determined, that is, the spare parts preparation work can not be mentioned as long as the falling part is not determined at which stage of the rotor falls. For determining the origin position of the falling part in the axial direction of the rotor, two determination methods are provided, one is to visually check after cylinder uncovering, and the other is to perform analysis and prejudgment without cylinder uncovering.
In the method of visually checking after cylinder uncovering, although the original point position of the fallen part in the axial direction of the rotor can be accurately determined, the original point position is influenced by factors such as waiting for the cooling process of the cylinder, multi-level design of the cylinder structure and the like. After the runaway fault occurs, a long time is needed to be consumed to determine the original position of the fallen part in the axial direction of the rotor, which inevitably results in long time consumption in the process of processing the runaway fault and seriously affects the economic benefit of an electric power production enterprise.
As for the analysis and prejudgment method without cylinder uncovering, as long as the technical means of the analysis and prejudgment is scientific and reasonable, the original point position of the fallen part in the axial direction of the rotor can be reliably analyzed and determined in the state without cylinder uncovering, and the waiting for the cooling process of the cylinder is not needed. That is, when the flying fault occurs, the original position of the falling part in the axial direction of the rotor can be directly analyzed and predicted, and time is not needed to wait for the cooling of the cylinder. Compared with a method for visually checking after cylinder uncovering, the method directly saves time for waiting for the cooling process of the cylinder, greatly shortens the time for the process of treating the runaway fault, reduces the influence on the economic benefit of the power production enterprise, and has important significance for the runaway fault treatment such as subsequent spare part preparation, construction period arrangement and the like.
At present, the analysis and prejudgment of the original point position of the shedding component on the steam turbine rotor in the rotor axial direction are mainly obtained by vibration vector derivation calculation, for example, "a shedding fault positioning method for large steam turbine rotating components" (publication No. CN 102095561, publication No. 2011, 06, 15), and "identification method for shedding faults of steam turbine rotating components" (2012, 05, young girls, etc.) disclosed in "vibration, test and diagnosis" periodical published by chinese patent literature.
Among them, the patent document of publication No. CN 102095561 introduces response coefficients of the in-phase component and the anti-phase component of the rotor in the derivation calculation, and the degree of dependence on the response coefficients of the in-phase component and the anti-phase component is particularly high. However, in actual production, the response coefficients of the in-phase component and the anti-phase component of the rotor are not easy to determine, and depend on the subjective experience of the skilled person to a large extent. Specifically, in actual production, the deviation range of the response coefficients of the opposite-phase components of the same-type unit and the same rotor is large, for example, the response coefficient of the opposite-phase component of the low-pressure rotor is 120-180 um/kg, for a unit without the unbalanced response coefficient of the rotor, the calculation of the origin position of the falling part in the axial direction of the rotor is performed by adopting the empirical coefficients of other units, the obtained result deviation is large, and the preparation work of spare parts for processing the falling fault of the rotor part cannot be accurately and reliably guided.
The journal disclosing technology named 'identification method of the shedding fault of the rotating part of the steam turbine' obtains a vibration relative value of a rotor spindle by monitoring a vibration vector signal of the rotor spindle, and deduces and calculates the original point position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor by utilizing a harmonic component method and a force translation principle. In the technology, the interference factors of the monitored rotor spindle vibration vector signals are too many, and accurate and reliable vibration vector signals are not easy to obtain, so that the origin position of the shedding component in the axial direction of the rotor calculated based on the derivation has larger uncertainty, and the guidance of preparation work of spare parts for processing shedding faults of the rotor component is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the particularity of processing the component falling fault on the steam turbine rotor and the defects of the existing technology for determining the original point position of the falling component in the axial direction of the rotor, the method for judging the original point position of the falling component in the axial direction of the rotor can be timely, accurately and reliably determined when the fault occurs under the condition that the cylinder does not need to be uncovered.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the method for judging the axial position of the shedding part of the steam turbine rotor comprises the following technical measures:
acquiring the impact force generated by the components on the rotor at the moment of falling off, and the displacement of the two end journals of the rotor on the support system;
obtaining the axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference journal according to the length between the two end journals of the rotor and the absolute value of the impact displacement of the two end journals.
The axial distance between the origin position of the shedding component in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference journal satisfies the following relational expression:
Figure BDA0003420493060000031
in the formula, LAThe axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the journal A;
|ΔXAi is the absolute value of the impact displacement of the end journal of the rotor A on the bearing A;
|ΔXBi is the absolute value of the impact displacement of the journal at the B end of the rotor on the bearing B;
l is the length between the journals at the ends A, B of the rotor.
The displacement of the shaft necks at the two ends of the rotor on the support system is obtained by online measurement of the shaft vibration probe arranged at the corresponding shaft neck.
The displacement of the shaft journals at the two ends of the rotor on the support system is the displacement of the central position of the corresponding shaft journal on the support system.
The rotor is a symmetrical structure rotor.
The supporting system is of an oil film lubricating structure.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the technical measures are directed at the parts on the steam turbine rotor, the particularity of the parts when the shedding fault processing occurs is that the symmetrical structure rotor of the steam turbine is taken as an object, under the condition that a cylinder does not need to be uncovered, the axial distance between the original position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and a reference datum journal is deduced and calculated by utilizing the impact force generated at the moment of unbalance in operation and the acting force displacement brought to the journals at the two ends of the rotor on a supporting system, and no matter the monitoring data is obtained or the derivation and calculation process is carried out, the interference of deviation factors is not involved, so that the axial distance between the original position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference datum journal is accurate and reliable, and the preparation work of spare parts for shedding fault processing of the rotor part can be timely, prepared and reliably guided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a point-a position component on a symmetrical rotor, an unbalanced impact force F generated at the moment of falling off in operation generates an acting force F on corresponding shaft necks supported by a bearing A and a bearing BA、FBSchematic diagram of the principle of mechanical equilibrium.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the vibration and the trend of the rotation speed of a certain low-pressure rotor in the process of part falling when the rotation speed is increased to 3254 r/min.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing changes in the position of the #5 journal center before and after unbalance of a certain low-pressure rotor shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing changes in the position of the #6 journal center before and after unbalance of a certain low-pressure rotor shown in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a fault diagnosis technology of a steam turbine, in particular to a method for judging the relative position of a component on a rotor with a symmetrical structure of the steam turbine, at the original position when a shedding fault occurs in the operation, in the axial direction of the whole rotor with the symmetrical structure, and the technical scheme content of the invention is clearly and specifically explained by combining the attached drawings of the specification, namely, figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4.
It is expressly noted here that the drawings of the present invention are schematic and have been simplified in unnecessary detail for the purpose of clarity and to avoid obscuring the technical solutions that the present invention contributes to the prior art.
The judging method is applied to the working condition that the symmetrical structure rotor of the steam turbine is assembled in the supporting system of the oil film lubricating structure.
The judgment method of the invention utilizes the impact force generated at the moment of unbalance moment when the component of the rotor falls off in the running process to carry out the displacement of the acting force brought to the central positions of the shaft necks at the two ends of the rotor on the supporting system, and combines the length between the central positions of the shaft necks at the two ends to deduce and calculate the axial distance between the original point position of the falling component in the axial direction of the rotor and the central position of the reference shaft neck. Therefore, the problem of empirical coefficients existing in the existing amplitude derivation calculation is solved, the judgment precision is improved, and the related work of the rotor component falling fault repair processing is reliably guided.
Specifically, the determination method of the present invention includes the following technical measures (see fig. 1):
respectively carrying out online monitoring on the A-end journal and the B-end journal of the rotor by using shaft vibration probes arranged at the A-end journal and the B-end journal of the rotor, measuring and acquiring impact force F generated at the moment of centrifugal falling of a certain part (assuming a blade at a point) on the rotor in operation according to sudden working conditions in the online monitoring process, and supporting the A-end journal of the rotor on a bearing of a supporting system A and the B-end journal of the rotor on the bearing of the supporting system BForce on system B bearing (F)A、FB) The displacement is preferably the central position of the A-end journal and the central position of the B-end journal, and the displacement is generated on the corresponding A bearing and the B bearing;
obtaining an axial distance L between an origin position (i.e. point a) of the dropping-off member in the axial direction of the rotor and a reference A journal center position according to the following relation, based on a length L between the A-end journal center position and the B-end journal center position of the rotor, and the obtained absolute values of the impact displacement amount of the A-end journal center position on the A-bearing and the impact displacement amount of the B-end journal center position on the B-bearingA
The axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference journal satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0003420493060000051
in the formula, LAThe axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the journal A;
|ΔXAi is the absolute value of the impact displacement of the end journal of the rotor A on the bearing A;
|ΔXBi is the absolute value of the impact displacement of the journal at the B end of the rotor on the bearing B;
l is the length between the journals at the ends A, B of the rotor.
Comparing with the rotor design structure, the axial distance L between the origin position of the shedding part on the rotor and the A shaft neck is obtained by calculationAThe method can clearly know which stage of component on the rotor has the runaway fault, and accordingly spare parts needed for correspondingly preparing the runaway fault repair of the stage of component can be obtained without waiting for the cooling of the cylinder and the visual check of cylinder uncovering, and the processing time of the runaway fault is greatly saved.
The inference logic guiding the above-mentioned determination method is explained by analyzing a rotor having an axisymmetric structure (see fig. 1).
At a certain position on the rotor (false)Point a) occurs component drop, assuming that the axial distance from the drop point to the journal a is LAThe mass of the dropping member is M. At the moment of flying off during the operation of the rotor, an unbalanced force, namely an impact force F, is generated on the rotor bearing system, and corresponding acting forces F are necessarily generated on the A-end journal at the A bearing and the B-end journal at the B bearingA、FBThe position of the axis of the rotor is pushed to change.
According to the principle of mechanical balance, the instantaneous impact force newly added to the bearing A and the bearing B after the falling part is generated can be respectively expressed as the following two relations:
in the formula 1, the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003420493060000061
in the formula (2), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0003420493060000062
in the formula, FAThe impact force generated at the moment of falling off the component acts on the end journal of the rotor A;
FBthe force which is the impact force generated at the moment of falling off of the component and acts on the end journal of the rotor B;
f is the impact force generated to the rotor bearing system at the moment when the component falls off during the operation of the rotor;
l is the length between the central position of the end journal A and the central position of the end journal B of the rotor;
LAthe axial distance between the origin position of the stripping component in the axial direction of the rotor and the center position of the A journal.
Considering that the rotor mainly shows the second-order mode when in normal operation, other modes are not obvious, and the equivalent of the single-side unbalance is a pair of 1/2F force and 1/2F (L-2L) which affect the first orderA) The couple of (2). Assuming that the dynamic stiffness of the bearing A and the dynamic stiffness of the bearing B are consistent, the amplitude of the amplitude increment generated by the unbalanced force acting on the shaft journals at the two ends of the rotor is basically consistent, and the phase difference is 90 degrees.
Therefore, the bearing oil film of the support system and the journals at both ends of the rotor were investigatedThe axle journal at the A end and the axle journal at the B end of the rotor are in impact force FA、FBUnder the action, the displacement amounts are respectively delta XA,ΔXBThen, there are:
in the formula 1, the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003420493060000063
in the formula (2), the first and second groups,
Figure BDA0003420493060000064
in the formula, FAThe impact force generated at the moment of falling off the component acts on the end journal of the rotor A;
FBthe force which is the impact force generated at the moment of falling off of the component and acts on the end journal of the rotor B;
KAdynamic stiffness for supporting the shaft neck at the end A of the rotor on a bearing A;
KBand the dynamic stiffness of the rotor B end journal supported on a B bearing.
For symmetrically structured rotors, K is generally preferredA,KBIf considered equal, then
Figure BDA0003420493060000071
Converting to obtain:
Figure BDA0003420493060000072
from this, the following relationship is derived for the axial distance between the origin position of the loose part on the rotor and the reference journal center position:
Figure BDA0003420493060000073
in summary, the present invention measures the displacement of the central position of the journals at the two ends at the moment before and after the unbalance of the rotor through the existing shaft vibration probes near the journals at the two ends of the turbine rotor, and can deduce and calculate the specific dimension of the component dropping position causing the unbalance of the rotor in the axial direction of the rotor.
In the above-described determination method of the present invention, a test is performed on a certain low-pressure rotor of a steam turbine, and the center positions of journals at both ends of the low-pressure rotor (i.e., the #5 journal and the #6 journal) are monitored.
Referring to fig. 2, when the rotation speed of a certain low-pressure rotor to be tested is increased to 3254r/min, vibration suddenly increases, and a component flying fault occurs. The position change of the #5 journal center before and after the fly-off fault imbalance, as shown in fig. 3; the position change of the #6 journal center before and after the fly-off fault imbalance is shown in fig. 4; the relevant data of the shaft vibration measurement before and after the fly-off fault unbalance are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 list of relevant data of shaft vibration measurement before and after unbalance of flight fault
Figure BDA0003420493060000074
As can be seen from the data listed in Table 1, the central position of the #5 journal and the central position of the #6 journal of the low-pressure rotor have clear displacement changes before and after the fly-off fault, the rotating speed before and after the central position change is less than 10r/min, and the time interval is 6 s.
Therefore, it is considered that the origin position of the flying component in the rotor axial direction is calculated by using the journal center position displacement amount before and after the sudden change.
At a speed of 3251r/min, #5 journal center position (499.846,131.24) and #6 journal center position (345.611,231.351);
at a speed of 3245r/min, #5 journal center position (366.306,114.261) and #6 journal center position (283.175,251.338);
calculated from this, | Δ XA|=134.615;|ΔXB|=65.557。
Substitution into
Figure BDA0003420493060000081
In the practical design structure of the low-pressure rotor, in the fifth-stage impellerThe heart is L50.305L, and the center of the 4 th-stage impeller is L4=0.3512L。
From this, it was judged that the positions where the part dropping occurred appeared at the 4 th and 5 th stage impellers near the #5 journal (with reference to the center position of the #5 journal).
Considering that the larger the impact force is, the larger the damping corresponding to the oil film is, the smaller the corresponding journal displacement will be, i.e. the measured | Δ XAIf the | value is slightly less than the theoretical value, then the actual LAThe value will be slightly less than the calculated value. Therefore, the possibility of component drop at the 5 th stage impeller is the greatest. After verification, the blade on the 5 th-stage impeller is actually subjected to the shedding fault.
The test shows that the judging method has high accuracy and reliability, can reliably guide the processing of the part falling fault on the rotor, and has strong practicability.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, of the invention.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the above-described embodiments may still be modified or some of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its essence.

Claims (6)

1. A method for determining the axial position of a loose part of a steam turbine rotor, characterized in that the determination method comprises the following technical measures:
acquiring the impact force generated by the components on the rotor at the moment of falling off, and the displacement of the two end journals of the rotor on the support system;
obtaining the axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the reference journal according to the length between the two end journals of the rotor and the absolute value of the impact displacement of the two end journals.
2. The method for determining the axial position of a loose member of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 1, wherein an axial distance between an origin position of the loose member in the rotor axial direction and the reference journal satisfies the following relationship:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 921246DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the axial distance between the origin position of the shedding part in the axial direction of the rotor and the journal A;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the absolute value of the impact displacement of the end journal A of the rotor on the bearing A is obtained;
Figure 369545DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the absolute value of the impact displacement of the B-end journal of the rotor on the B bearing is obtained;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the length between the journals at the ends of A, B of the rotor.
3. The method for determining the axial position of a loose member of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 1, wherein the displacement of the journals at both ends of the rotor on the support system is measured on-line by a shaft vibration probe provided at the corresponding journal.
4. The method for determining the axial position of a loose member of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 3, wherein the displacement amount of the journal at both ends of the rotor on the support system is the displacement amount of the center position of the corresponding journal on the support system.
5. The method for determining the axial position of a loose component of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 1, 3, or 4, wherein the rotor is a symmetrical structure rotor.
6. The method for determining the axial position of a removed component of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 1, 3, or 4, wherein the support system is a support system of an oil film lubrication structure.
CN202111560728.6A 2021-12-20 2021-12-20 Method for judging axial position of shedding part of steam turbine rotor Pending CN114323608A (en)

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CN103076163A (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-05-01 西安交通大学 Online test method for characteristic parameter of bearing-rotor system
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