CN113092096A - Guide bearing parameter-based hydraulic turbine runner damage detection method - Google Patents

Guide bearing parameter-based hydraulic turbine runner damage detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113092096A
CN113092096A CN202110396406.6A CN202110396406A CN113092096A CN 113092096 A CN113092096 A CN 113092096A CN 202110396406 A CN202110396406 A CN 202110396406A CN 113092096 A CN113092096 A CN 113092096A
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guide bearing
runner
water turbine
water
swing
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Inventor
范寿孝
赵越
李友平
赵英男
郭全宝
孙永新
黎辉
刘智良
张金伟
邵国辉
徐用良
赵伟
明宏林
苏文涛
郭彦峰
韩东邑
明亮
董宇
刘登峰
王润鹏
许彬
贺婷婷
任玉堂
吴喜东
贺儒飞
曹卫华
崔金声
郑程
陈章煜
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Hadong National Hydroelectric Power Equipment Engineering Technology Research Central Co ltd
Harbin Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Hadong National Hydroelectric Power Equipment Engineering Technology Research Central Co ltd
Harbin Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110396406.6A priority Critical patent/CN113092096A/en
Publication of CN113092096A publication Critical patent/CN113092096A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts

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  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

A method for detecting damage of a rotating wheel of a water turbine based on guide bearing parameters relates to the field of fault detection of the water turbine. The invention aims to solve the problem that whether a water turbine is damaged or not cannot be judged according to the change of the external characteristics of the water turbine so as to cause serious associated accidents at present. The invention comprises the following steps: acquiring an actual upstream and downstream water level value, an actual unit output value, an actual upper guide bearing throw value, an actual lower guide bearing throw value and an actual water guide bearing throw value under a stable operation condition of the water turbine; obtaining a theoretical value v of an upper guide bearing under a corresponding working condition according to the installation condition of a water-turbine generator set shafting, the set running state and the historical running recorduTLower guide bearing throw theoretical value vdTTheoretical value v of water guide bearing throwgT(ii) a Acquiring a damage judgment coefficient of a turbine runner according to the acquired theoretical value and the acquired actual value; and judging whether the turbine runner has a fault according to the judgment coefficient.

Description

Guide bearing parameter-based hydraulic turbine runner damage detection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic turbine fault detection, and particularly relates to a hydraulic turbine runner damage detection method based on guide bearing parameters.
Background
With the gradual improvement of the requirement of users on the operation stability of the water turbine, the guarantee that the main components of the water turbine, particularly a giant or large-scale pump water turbine, are in a normal working state becomes an important index for guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of a unit and checking the operation state of the unit.
The water turbine runner is used as an energy conversion component of the water turbine and is a core element of the water turbine. Because the turbine runner is totally immersed in water, the corresponding sensors can not be installed by utilizing the parts exposed in the air of the turbine runner to carry out targeted detection and measurement like other parts of a water pump turbine, so that a direct and reliable method is not available for detecting the damage condition of the turbine runner, and then a worker can not know whether the turbine is damaged or not according to the change of the external characteristics of the turbine, thereby causing serious associated accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that whether a water turbine is damaged or not cannot be judged according to the change of the external characteristics of the water turbine so as to cause serious associated accidents at present, and provides a method for detecting the damage of a rotating wheel of the water turbine based on guide bearing parameters.
A method for detecting damage of a rotating wheel of a water turbine based on guide bearing parameters comprises the following specific processes:
acquiring an actual value of water level of upstream and downstream, an actual value of unit output, an actual value of upper guide bearing throw, an actual value of lower guide bearing throw and an actual value of water guide bearing throw under a stable operation condition of a water turbine;
step two, acquiring the theoretical value v of the swing of the upper guide bearing under the working condition corresponding to the water turbine information acquired in the step one according to the installation condition of the shaft system of the water turbine generator set, the running state of the set and the historical running recorduTLower guide bearing throw theoretical value vdTPendulum value v of water guide bearinggT
Step three, acquiring a damage judgment coefficient of the turbine runner according to the theoretical value acquired in the step two and the actual value acquired in the step one;
the turbine runner breakage determination coefficient includes: determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged lower guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged water guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a main frequency of the swing of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged lower guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, and determining a main frequency of the swing of the damaged water guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine;
and step four, judging whether the turbine runner has a fault according to the judgment coefficient of the step three.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a damage judgment coefficient of a water turbine runner for representing the change degree of the throw degree of each guide bearing by comprehensively considering the characteristic that the radial deformation of the water turbine runner can cause the increase of the radial force at the runner according to the working condition that the water turbine generator set stably operates, and the throw value of an upper guide bearing, a lower guide bearing and a water guide bearing can be changed to different degrees due to the increase of the radial treatment of the runner, and discloses a method for judging the damage of the water turbine runner by utilizing the data of the damage judgment coefficient family of the water turbine runner, which is used for judging whether the water turbine is damaged or not according to the change of the external characteristics of the water turbine so as to reduce the occurrence of serious associated accidents.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rotating portion of a hydro-turbo generator set;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the additional unbalance force generated after the turbine runner is damaged.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing comprises the following specific processes:
acquiring an actual value of water level of upstream and downstream, an actual value of unit output, an actual value of upper guide bearing throw, an actual value of lower guide bearing throw and an actual value of water guide bearing throw under a stable operation condition of a water turbine;
step two, acquiring the theoretical value v of the throw of the upper guide bearing 1 under the working condition corresponding to the water turbine information acquired in the step one according to the installation condition of the shaft system of the water turbine generator set, the running state of the set and the historical running recorduTLower guide bearing 2 throw theoretical value vdT3-degree of oscillation v of water guide bearinggT
Because the rotating speed of the hydroelectric generating set when the hydroelectric generating set operates stably at a certain upstream and downstream water level and a certain given working condition point, the electromagnetic tension of the generator, the radial unbalanced force generated by the water turbine and the like are fixed values, the theoretical swinging values of the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2 and the water guide bearing 3 can be accurately determined according to the installation condition of the shaft system of the hydroelectric generating set, the operating state of the hydroelectric generating set under the working condition and the historical operating record.
Step three, acquiring a damage judgment coefficient of the turbine runner according to the theoretical value acquired in the step two and the actual value acquired in the step one;
the turbine runner breakage determination coefficient includes: determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged lower guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged water guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a main frequency of the swing of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged lower guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, and determining a main frequency of the swing of the damaged water guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine;
and step four, judging whether the turbine runner has a fault according to the judgment coefficient of the step three.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, once the hydro turbine runner 5 of the hydro turbine generator set is damaged, the hydro turbine runner 5 tends to be geometrically deformed, thereby generating an additional radial unbalance force 6 with respect to the rotation axis of the main shaft 4 of the hydro turbine generator set. The additional radial unbalanced force 6 changes the stress state of the hydroelectric generating set main shaft/guide bearing kinematic pair: the radial forces borne by the three pairs of kinematic pairs of the main shaft 4/upper guide bearing 1, the main shaft 4/lower guide bearing 2 and the main shaft 4/water guide bearing 3 are increased. The closer to the turbine runner 5, the greater the radial force on the main shaft/guide bearing kinematic pair, and vice versa. As the radial force borne by the main shaft/guide bearing kinematic pair is increased, the stress balance of a shaft system of the water turbine generator set is damaged, the radial movement trend of the rotating center line of the main shaft 4 at the corresponding guide bearing is changed, the trend of being far away from the rotating center is shown, and the throw at the corresponding guide bearing is increased. The greater the added radial force, the greater the throw increase at the corresponding guide bearing.
If the damage accident of the water turbine runner 5 occurs, the upper guide bearing 1 is positioned at the upper part of the rotating shaft system of the water turbine generator set and is farthest away from the water turbine runner 5, the radial force generated by the damage of the runner 5 on the main shaft 4/upper guide bearing 1 kinematic pair is minimum, and the throw increment value at the corresponding upper guide bearing 1 is also minimum; the water guide bearing 3 is positioned at the lower part of a rotating shaft system of the water turbine generator set and is closest to a water turbine runner 5, the radial force generated by the damage of the runner 5 on a main shaft 4/water guide bearing 3 kinematic pair is the largest, and the throw increment value at the corresponding water guide bearing 3 bearing is also the largest; the lower guide bearing 2 is centered, and the swing degree increasing value at the lower guide bearing 2 is also between the upper guide bearing 1 and the water guide bearing 3.
From the above analysis, it is understood that the root cause of the increase in the swing at the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2, and the water guide bearing 3 in the case of breakage of the turbine runner 5 is the increase in the radial force acting thereon. The geometrically deformed turbine runner 5 adds an additional radial unbalance force 6 with respect to the centre of rotation. The additional radial unbalance force 6 acts on the rotating shaft system once in a radial force mode every time the hydroelectric generating set rotates for one circle, namely the main frequency of the pendulum frequency at the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2 and the water guide bearing 3 is equal to the rotating frequency.
The second embodiment is as follows: and in the third step, obtaining the swing degree judgment coefficient of the damaged upper guide bearing of the water turbine runner, and the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003018734220000031
therein, ζ1Is the swing degree determination coefficient, v, of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbineuMIs the actual value of the throw of the upper guide bearing 1.
Other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: and in the third step, the throw judgment coefficient of the guide bearing under the damage of the runner of the water turbine is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003018734220000032
therein, ζ2Is the swing degree determination coefficient, v, of the guide bearing under the damage of the runner of the water turbinedMIs a lower guide shaftBearing 2 pendulum degree actual value.
The other steps are the same as those in one of the first to second embodiments.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: and in the third step, acquiring the swing judgment coefficient of the damaged water guide bearing of the water turbine runner, and the specific steps comprise:
Figure BDA0003018734220000041
in the formula, ζ3Is the swing degree determination coefficient, v, of the damaged turbine runner and the guide bearinggMIs the actual value of the swing of the water guide bearing 3.
The other steps are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: and the third step of obtaining the main frequency damage judgment coefficient of the pendulum frequency of the upper guide bearing of the water turbine comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003018734220000042
in the formula, ζ4Is the main frequency damage judgment coefficient f of the oscillating frequency of the upper guide bearing of the water turbineuIs the main frequency f of the pendulum frequency of the upper guide bearing 1nIs the unit rotational frequency.
The other steps are the same as those in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: and acquiring a main frequency decision coefficient of the swing frequency of the lower guide bearing of the damaged runner of the water turbine in the third step, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003018734220000043
in the formula, ζ5Is the main frequency determination coefficient f of the swing frequency of the guide bearing under the damage of the rotating wheel of the water turbinedIs the main frequency of the pendulum frequency of the lower guide bearing 2.
The other steps are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the third step of obtaining the main frequency decision coefficient of the swing frequency of the damaged water guide bearing of the water turbine runner comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003018734220000044
in the formula, ζ6Is the main frequency determination coefficient f of the swing frequency of the damaged water guide bearing of the water turbine runnergIs the main frequency of the water guide bearing 3 pendulum frequency
The specific implementation mode is eight: and in the fourth step, whether the rotating wheel of the water turbine breaks down or not is judged according to the judgment coefficient in the third step, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the damage judgment coefficient of the water turbine runner meets zeta3>ζ2>ζ1>1、ζ6=ζ5=ζ4And 1 represents that the damage fault of the turbine runner occurs, otherwise, the damage fault of the turbine runner does not occur.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the determination of the damage failure of the turbine runner 5 can be realized by analyzing the swing change conditions of the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2, and the water guide bearing 3 of the water turbine generator set: under the stable operation working condition of the water turbine generator set, namely under the same upstream and downstream water level and output state, the measured values of the swing degrees of the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2 and the water guide bearing 3 of the water turbine generator set are equivalent to the corresponding theoretical values of the swing degrees of the guide bearings. If the swing measurement values of the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2 and the water guide bearing 3 of the water turbine generator set are larger than the corresponding guide bearing theoretical values and the swing measurement value of the guide bearing closer to the water turbine runner 5 is larger, namely the swing measurement value of the water guide bearing 3 is larger than the theoretical value by the maximum, the lower guide bearing 2 times and the upper guide bearing 1 is the minimum, and meanwhile, the main frequencies of the swing of the upper guide bearing 1, the lower guide bearing 2 and the water guide bearing 3 of the water turbine generator set are the same as the unit rotating frequency, the water turbine runner 5 can be judged to be damaged.
The other steps are the same as those in one of the first to seventh embodiments.

Claims (8)

1. A method for detecting damage of a turbine runner based on guide bearing parameters is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:
acquiring an actual value of water level of upstream and downstream, an actual value of unit output, an actual value of upper guide bearing throw, an actual value of lower guide bearing throw and an actual value of water guide bearing throw under a stable operation condition of a water turbine;
step two, acquiring a theoretical value v of the upper guide bearing under the working condition corresponding to the water turbine information acquired in step one according to the installation condition of the shaft system of the water turbine generator set, the running state of the set and the historical running recorduTLower guide bearing throw theoretical value vdTPendulum value v of water guide bearinggT
Step three, acquiring a damage judgment coefficient of the turbine runner according to the theoretical value acquired in the step two and the actual value acquired in the step one;
the turbine runner breakage determination coefficient includes: determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged lower guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged water guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a main frequency of the swing of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, determining a coefficient of the swing of the damaged lower guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine, and determining a main frequency of the swing of the damaged water guide bearing of the runner of the water turbine;
and step four, judging whether the turbine runner has a fault according to the judgment coefficient of the step three.
2. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, obtaining the swing degree judgment coefficient of the damaged upper guide bearing of the water turbine runner, and the method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003018734210000011
therein, ζ1Is the swing degree determination coefficient, v, of the damaged upper guide bearing of the runner of the water turbineuMIs the actual value of the swing of the upper guide bearing.
3. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, the throw judgment coefficient of the guide bearing under the damage of the runner of the water turbine is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003018734210000012
therein, ζ2Is the swing degree determination coefficient, v, of the guide bearing under the damage of the runner of the water turbinedMIs the actual value of the swing of the lower guide bearing.
4. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, acquiring the swing judgment coefficient of the damaged water guide bearing of the water turbine runner, and the specific steps comprise:
Figure FDA0003018734210000013
in the formula, ζ3Is the swing degree determination coefficient, v, of the damaged turbine runner and the guide bearinggMAnd (4) actual value of the water guide bearing throw.
5. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the third step of obtaining the main frequency decision coefficient of the pendulum frequency of the damaged upper guide bearing of the water turbine comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003018734210000021
in the formula, ζ4Is the main frequency determination coefficient f of the oscillating frequency of the upper guide bearing on the damaged runner of the water turbineuIs the main frequency f of the pendulum frequency of the upper guide bearingnIs the unit rotational frequency.
6. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and acquiring a main frequency decision coefficient of the swing frequency of the lower guide bearing of the damaged runner of the water turbine in the third step, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003018734210000022
in the formula, ζ5Is the main frequency determination coefficient f of the swing frequency of the guide bearing under the damage of the rotating wheel of the water turbinedIs the main frequency of the swing frequency of the lower guide bearing.
7. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the third step of obtaining the main frequency decision coefficient of the swing frequency of the damaged water guide bearing of the water turbine runner comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003018734210000023
in the formula, ζ6Is the main frequency determination coefficient f of the swing frequency of the damaged water guide bearing of the water turbine runnergIs the main frequency of the water guide bearing swing.
8. The method for detecting the damage of the runner of the water turbine based on the parameters of the guide bearing as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fourth step, whether the rotating wheel of the water turbine breaks down or not is judged according to the judgment coefficient in the third step, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the damage judgment coefficient of the water turbine runner meets zeta3>ζ2>ζ1>1、ζ6=ζ5=ζ4And 1 represents that the damage fault of the turbine runner occurs, otherwise, the damage fault of the turbine runner does not occur.
CN202110396406.6A 2021-04-13 2021-04-13 Guide bearing parameter-based hydraulic turbine runner damage detection method Pending CN113092096A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210709