CN114323269A - High-order mode detection system and method for optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing - Google Patents
High-order mode detection system and method for optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-order mode detection system and a high-order mode detection method for optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing, and relates to the technical field of optical communication. The system comprises a Gaussian light source, a modulation device, a device for generating a multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected, a device for generating an auxiliary Gaussian light beam, a 1 st detection device, a 1 st receiving device, a 2 nd detection device and a 2 nd receiving device; the 1 st controller controls the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 2 nd receiver and displays the 2 nd detection result; the 2 nd controller controls the 2 nd spatial light modulator and the 1 st receiver and displays the 1 st detection result. The method comprises the following steps: secondly, at the detection end; and thirdly, at the receiving end. The detection of the multiplexing vortex light beam high-order OAM mode can be simply and efficiently realized through the relationship between the two detection results; the system has simple structure and is easy to realize; the invention is suitable for the fields of optical micro-operation, optical imaging, optical communication and quantum information research and provides detection of a high-order OAM mode of a multiplexing vortex light beam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a high-order mode detection system and a method for optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing.
Background
With the rapid development of the information age, optical communication is an important technology for high-speed information transmission in a spatial information network, and the problems of low spectrum utilization rate, insufficient channel capacity and the like are faced at present. Vortex Beams (Vortex Beams) are special optical fields with a helical phase front and phase singularities, each photon in the beam carrying an Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of lh, where l is the order of the topological or Orbital Angular Momentum and h is the reduced planck constant; the uncertainty of the angular position of the vortex light beam also contributes to improving the safety of a communication system; the new added OAM freedom to encode information using the vortex beam as a carrier can solve the above problem. OAM optical communication is paid attention to by more and more researchers by virtue of the advantages of high spectrum utilization rate, high safety and reliability and high transmission rate; theoretically, the value of l is infinite, and the communication capacity and the communication rate can be greatly improved. The multiplexed vortex beam has been widely studied in various research fields, such as optical micro-manipulation, optical imaging, optical communication, quantum information, etc., and is extremely important for measuring the Topological Charge (TC) of multiplexed OAM in most of these applications.
At present, methods for measuring the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM mode are few, and the methods for detecting the multiplexing OAM mode through simulation research comprise the following steps: utilizing the relationship between the phase distribution characteristics after multiplexing vortex optical rotation transmission and topological loads, an elliptical diaphragm, a phase shift method and the like; the methods only measure the multiplexing OAM mode through simulation, and the measurement range is low; the detection method of the multimode multiplexing vortex beam OAM mode comprises the following steps: utilizing a composite fork grating, a Dammann grating and a novel Dammann grating; the method can judge the multiplexing OAM mode by observing whether a solid spot exists in the center of far-field diffraction and according to the position of the solid spot, the energy of the spot is low in practical experiments and the effect is poor, the observation is difficult when the patterns are more, the highest detectable range of the method is-24 to 24, and the high-order pattern of the multiplexing vortex beam cannot be detected. With the rapid development of the information age, the range of the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM modes detected by these methods cannot meet the requirements of modern applications such as optical communication, and therefore, a practical system and method capable of solving the above problems are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, provides a high-order mode detection system for optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing and a method thereof, and simply and efficiently realizes the detection of a high-order OAM mode of a multiplexed vortex light beam.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
on one hand, the multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested is incident to the center or the vicinity of the center of the designed annular phase grating to generate diffraction, and the relationship between two modes in the multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested is obtained through the number of spiral stripes uniformly distributed in the received far-field diffraction intensity mode: n ═ L1-L2|, where N is the number of spiral stripes, L1, L2 are the multiplexed two OAM modes, the direction of the spiral stripes is consistent with the sign of the larger of | L1|, | L2|, and left-handed indicates positive sign, right-handed indicates negative sign; on the other hand, the improved Mach-Zehnder interferometer is utilized to interfere the multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected with the multiplexing vortex light beam in the opposite mode to be detected, the size of one OAM mode L1 or L2 in the multiplexing vortex optical beam to be detected is obtained through the number of the uniformly distributed fringes in the received interference intensity mode, wherein the number of the inner ring fringes is consistent with the small one of 2| L1| and 2| L2| and the number of the outer ring fringes is consistent with the large one of 2| L1| and 2| L2 |; the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM mode can be identified by combining the two aspects of the relation, and the detection purpose is achieved.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
first, high-order mode detection system (system for short) of light orbit angular momentum multiplexing
The system comprises a Gaussian light source, a modulation device, a device for generating a multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected, a 1 st detection device, a 1 st receiving device, a 2 nd detection device and a 2 nd receiving device;
the Gaussian light source selects a laser to generate a 1 st Gaussian beam with the wavelength of 600-;
the modulation device comprises a beam expanding collimator and a polarization beam splitter;
the device for generating the multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested comprises a 1 st spatial light modulator, a 1 st beam splitter and a 1 st controller;
the 1 st detection device comprises a 2 nd spatial light modulator and a 2 nd controller;
the 1 st receiving device comprises a 1 st lens and a 1 st receiver;
the 2 nd detection device comprises a 2 nd beam splitter, a 1 st reflecting mirror, a 2 nd reflecting mirror, a dove prism and a 3 rd beam splitter;
the 2 nd receiving device comprises a 2 nd lens and a 2 nd receiver;
the interaction relationship is as follows:
the laser, the beam expanding collimator, the polarization beam splitter, the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 1 st beam splitter are sequentially interacted to generate a multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator and the 2 nd beam splitter are respectively interacted with the 1 st beam splitter, and the multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected is divided into two paths to obtain the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected and the 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator, the 1 st lens and the 1 st receiver are sequentially interacted, the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected is detected, a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity mode and a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity mode are sequentially obtained, and a 1 st detection result is received;
the 2 nd beam splitter and the 1 st reflector are interacted to obtain a 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected;
sequentially interacting the No. 2 beam splitter, the No. 2 reflector and the dove prism to obtain a to-be-detected reverse mode multiplexing vortex light beam;
the 1 st reflector and the dove prism are respectively interacted with the 3 rd beam splitter to obtain a 1 st interference intensity mode;
the 3 rd beam splitter, the 2 nd lens and the 2 nd receiver are sequentially interacted to obtain a 2 nd interference intensity mode and receive a 2 nd detection result;
the 1 st controller controls the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 2 nd receiver and displays the 2 nd detection result;
the 2 nd controller controls the 2 nd spatial light modulator and the 1 st receiver and displays the 1 st detection result.
Second, high-order mode detection method (short for method) of light orbital angular momentum multiplexing
The method comprises the following steps:
at the transmitting end: a laser is arranged to emit a 1 st Gaussian beam to respectively obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex beam to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex beam to be detected;
secondly, at the detection end: respectively obtaining a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern and a 1 st interference intensity pattern;
at the receiving end: focusing the light beam into a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern through a 1 st lens, and then receiving a 1 st detection result by a 1 st receiver; focused to a 2 nd interference intensity pattern through a 2 nd lens, and then a 2 nd detection result is received by a 2 nd receiver.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
the detection system can realize the experimental verification of the detection of the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM high-order mode, solves the problem of the detection of the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM high-order mode to a certain extent, and has better practicability;
the detection system does not need to add a filter to adjust the recognition effect, so that the complexity of the device is reduced;
multiplexing light beams to be detected in the detection system are incident to the center or the vicinity of the center of the designed annular phase grating, off-axis parameters of the grating do not need to be adjusted, and debugging difficulty is reduced;
the stripes of the two detection results obtained by the method are annular, so that the receiver can receive the multiplexed vortex light beam OAM high-order mode more easily;
two detection results obtained by the method are represented by uniform thickness distribution and light intensity distribution, the definition of the stripes is higher, and a higher-order multiplexing vortex beam OAM mode can be detected;
the detection system is simple in structure and easy to realize.
The invention is suitable for the fields of optical micro-operation, optical imaging, optical communication and quantum information research and provides detection of a high-order OAM mode of the multiplexing vortex light beam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the architecture of the present system;
FIG. 2 is a structural optical diagram of the present system;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a circular phase grating designed by the present method;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the detection of L ═ 10 and +20 in the case obtained by the present method;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the detection results of L ═ 10 and-20 in the case obtained by the present method.
In the figure:
10-a source of gaussian light,
11-a laser;
20-a means for modulating the light beam,
21-beam expanding collimator, 22-polarizing beam splitter;
30-a device for generating a multiplexing vortex beam to be measured,
31-1 st spatial light modulator, 32-1 st beam splitter, 33-1 st controller;
40-the 1 st detecting device, and the detecting device,
41-2 nd spatial light modulator, 42-2 nd controller;
50-the 1 st receiving device, the first receiving device,
51-lens 1, 52-receiver 1;
60-the 2 nd detecting device,
61-2 nd beam splitter, 62-1 st mirror, 63-2 nd mirror, 64-dove prism,
65-3 rd beam splitter;
70-the second receiving means of the second receiving means,
71-2 nd lens, 72-2 nd receiver.
A-1 st Gaussian beam; b-2 nd Gaussian beam; c-3 rd Gaussian beam;
d, multiplexing vortex light beams to be detected;
d1-the 1 st multiplexing vortex beam to be measured; D2-No. 2 multiplexing vortex light beam to be measured; D3-No. 3 multiplexing vortex light beam to be measured;
d4-the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected; d5-the 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected; d6-the 6 th multiplexing vortex beam to be measured;
e, multiplexing vortex beams in an opposite mode to be detected;
e1 — 1 st far field diffraction intensity pattern; f1 — 2 nd far field diffraction intensity pattern;
e2-1 st interference intensity pattern; f2-2 nd interference intensity pattern.
English-Chinese translation
1. Vortex Beams: swirling the light beam;
2. OAM: orbital Angular Momentum, full Orbital Angular Momentum;
3. topologic Charges: topological load.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detection system
1. General of
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the system includes a gaussian light source 10, a modulation device 20, a device 30 for generating a multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected, a 1 st detection device 40, a 1 st receiving device 50, a 2 nd detection device 60 and a 2 nd receiving device 70;
the Gaussian light source 10 selects the laser 11 to generate the 1 st Gaussian beam A with the wavelength of 600-2000 nm;
the modulation device 20 comprises a beam expanding collimator 21 and a polarization beam splitter 22;
the device 30 for generating the multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested comprises a 1 st spatial light modulator 31, a 1 st beam splitter 32 and a 1 st controller 33;
the 1 st detecting device 40 includes a 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 and a 2 nd controller 42;
the 1 st receiving device 50 includes a 1 st lens 51 and a 1 st receiver 52;
the 2 nd detection device 60 includes a 2 nd beam splitter 61, a 1 st mirror 62, a 2 nd mirror 63, a dove prism 64, and a 3 rd beam splitter 65;
the 2 nd receiving device 70 includes a 2 nd lens 71 and a 2 nd receiver 72;
the interaction relationship is as follows:
the laser 11, the beam expanding collimator 21, the polarization beam splitter 22, the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 and the 1 st beam splitter 32 are sequentially interacted to generate a multiplexing vortex beam D to be detected;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 and the 2 nd beam splitter 61 interact with the 1 st beam splitter 32 respectively, and the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected is divided into two paths to obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be detected;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41, the 1 st lens 51 and the 1 st receiver 52 are sequentially interacted to detect the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be detected, a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 and a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern F1 are sequentially obtained, and a 1 st detection result is received;
the 2 nd beam splitter 61 and the 1 st reflecting mirror 62 interact to obtain a 4 th multiplexing vortex beam D4 to be detected;
the No. 2 beam splitter 61, the No. 2 reflector 63 and the dove prism 64 are sequentially interacted to obtain a to-be-detected reverse mode multiplexing vortex beam E;
the 1 st mirror 62 and the dove prism 64 interact with the 3 rd beam splitter 65 respectively to obtain a 1 st interference intensity pattern E2;
the 3 rd beam splitter 65, the 2 nd lens 71 and the 2 nd receiver 72 interact in sequence to obtain a 2 nd interference intensity pattern F2, and receive a 2 nd detection result;
the 1 st controller 33 controls the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 and the 2 nd receiver 72, and displays the 2 nd detection result;
the 2 nd controller 42 controls the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 and the 1 st receiver 52, and displays the 1 st detection result.
The detection system can realize the experimental verification of the high-order mode of OAM for detecting the multiplexing vortex light beam, and has simple structure and higher practicability; the system does not need to add a filter and adjust the off-axis parameters of the grating, thereby reducing the complexity and debugging difficulty of the system; two detection results obtained by the system are represented as stripes with uniform light intensity distribution and thickness distribution and are annular, the stripe definition is higher, and a receiver can better receive a high-order mode of multiplexing vortex light beams OAM; the system solves the problem of detecting the high-order mode of the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM to a certain extent, is beneficial to further improving the communication capacity and the communication rate, and can be applied to the research fields of optical communication and the like needing to identify the high-order mode of the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM.
2. Functional device
1) Gaussian light source 10
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a laser 11 is selected to emit a 1 st gaussian beam a.
2) Modulation device 20
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the modulation device 20 includes a beam expanding collimator 21 and a polarization beam splitter 22.
The interaction relationship is as follows:
the laser 11, the beam expanding collimator 21, the polarization beam splitter 22 and the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 sequentially interact to obtain a 1 st Gaussian beam A, a 2 nd Gaussian beam B and a 3 rd Gaussian beam C.
The working mechanism is as follows:
the laser 11 emits a 1 st Gaussian beam A with the wavelength of 1550 nm; because the light beam prepared by the laser has a certain divergence angle, the 1 st Gaussian beam A needs to pass through the beam expanding collimator 21 to increase the beam waist radius of the light beam and reduce the divergence angle of the light beam, and the 2 nd Gaussian beam B after beam expanding and collimating is obtained; since the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 can only modulate the P-polarized light beam, the 2 nd gaussian beam B passes through the polarization beam splitter 22 to obtain the P-polarized 3 rd gaussian beam C and the S-polarized gaussian beam respectively, which propagate perpendicular to each other, and the P-polarized 3 rd gaussian beam C is used to generate the multiplexed vortex beam D.
Functional parts:
(1) the laser 11 is a light source that generates a gaussian beam;
its function is to emit a 1 st gaussian beam a with a wavelength of 1550 nm.
(2) The beam expanding collimator 21 consists of two lenses and is an optical combination device capable of changing the beam waist radius and the divergence angle of the Gaussian beam;
the function is to increase the beam waist radius of the 1 st Gaussian beam A and reduce the divergence angle, so as to obtain the expanded and collimated 2 nd Gaussian beam B.
(3) The polarizing beam splitter 22 is an optical device capable of vertically separating the P-polarization and the S-polarization of an incident beam;
its function is to obtain a P-polarized 3 rd gaussian beam C and to be incident on the 1 st spatial light modulator 31.
3) Device 30 for generating multiplex vortex light beam to be tested
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus 30 for generating a multiplexed vortex beam to be measured includes a 1 st spatial light modulator 31, a 1 st beam splitter 32 and a 1 st controller 33.
The interaction relationship is as follows:
the 1 st controller 33 controls the 1 st spatial light modulator 31; the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 interacts with the 1 st beam splitter 32; the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 and the 2 nd beam splitter 61 interact with the 1 st beam splitter 32 respectively to obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be detected.
The working mechanism is as follows:
the P-polarized 3 rd Gaussian beam C is incident on the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 loaded with the multiplexed hologram to be phase-modulated by superimposing the helical phase factor exp (il)1φ)+exp(il2Phi), generating a multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected, vertically irradiating the multiplexing vortex light beam D to the 1 st beam splitter 32, and dividing the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected into two paths to obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be detected.
Functional parts:
(1) the 1 st spatial light modulator 31 is an optical device that modulates the phase, polarization and intensity of the optical field by controlling the voltage on the liquid crystal molecules;
its function is to add the spiral phase factor exp (il) to the incident P-polarized 3 rd Gaussian beam C after modulation by loading a multiplexed hologram thereon1φ)+exp(il2Phi), generating a multiplexed vortex beam D to be measured.
(2) The 1 st beam splitter 32 is an optical device that splits incident light into two identical beams that travel perpendicular to each other;
the function of the method is to divide the incident multiplexing vortex light beam D to be measured into two paths to obtain the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be measured transmitted along the original light path and the 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be measured transmitted perpendicular to the original light path.
(3) The 1 st controller 33 is a computer or a scaled integrated circuit;
its function is to load the multiplexed hologram onto the 1 st spatial light modulator 31.
4) 1 st detecting device 40
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the 1 st detecting device 40 includes a 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 and a 2 nd controller 42;
the interaction relationship is as follows:
the No. 2 spatial light modulator 41 and the No. 1 lens 51 are in front-back interaction, and the No. 2 controller 42 controls the No. 2 spatial light modulator 41 to modulate the No. 1 multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be detected, so that a No. 1 far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 is obtained.
The working mechanism is as follows:
the 1 st multiplexing vortex beam D1 to be measured is incident on the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 loaded with the designed annular phase grating to generate diffraction, and a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 is obtained, wherein the process of generating the annular phase grating is completed by designing a grating function by the 2 nd controller 42.
Functional parts:
(1) the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 is an optical device that modulates the phase, polarization and intensity of the optical field by controlling the voltage on the liquid crystal molecules;
the function of the optical grating is to generate diffraction when the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be tested is incident to the center or the vicinity of the center of the annular phase grating loaded on the optical grating, and a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 is obtained.
(2) The 2 nd controller 42 is a computer or a scaled integrated circuit;
its function is to load a designed ring phase grating onto the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41, where the designed ring phase grating is shown in figure 3.
5) 1 st receiving device 50
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the 1 st receiving device 50 includes a 1 st lens 51 and a 1 st receiver 52.
The interaction relationship is as follows:
the 1 st lens 51 and the 1 st receiver 52 are back and forth, and the 1 st receiver 52 is controlled by the 2 nd controller 42 to receive the 1 st detection result.
The working mechanism is as follows:
the 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 is focused into a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern F1 by the 1 st lens 51, and finally received by the 1 st receiver 52 and subjected to photoelectric signal conversion, wherein the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 and the 1 st receiver 52 are respectively located at two focal points of the 1 st lens 51.
Functional parts:
(1) the 1 st lens 51 is a plano-convex lens with a convex surface and a plane surface, and has the functions of beam expanding, imaging, beam collimation, focusing collimation and the like;
its function is to converge the 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 into the 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern F1 onto the 1 st receiver 52 on the image focal plane for easier reception.
(2) The 1 st receiver 52 is a photoelectric charge converter;
its function is to receive the 2 nd far field diffraction intensity pattern F1, convert the optical signal to an electrical signal, and display the 1 st detection result on the 2 nd controller 42.
(3) The 2 nd controller 42 is a computer or a scaled integrated circuit;
the function is to observe the number and direction of the stripes in the displayed 1 st detection result to obtain the relationship between two OAM modes in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected;
6) no. 2 detecting device 60
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the 2 nd detecting device 60 includes a 2 nd beam splitter 61, a 1 st mirror 62, a 2 nd mirror 63, a dove prism 64 and a 3 rd beam splitter 65.
The interaction relationship is as follows:
the 2 nd beam splitter 61 and the 1 st mirror 62 interact; the 2 nd beam splitter 61, the 2 nd reflecting mirror 63 and the dove prism 64 are sequentially interacted; the 1 st reflector 62 and the dove prism 64 interact with the 3 rd beam splitter 65 respectively, and the 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be detected is detected to obtain a 1 st interference intensity mode E2;
the working mechanism is as follows:
the 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be tested is divided into two paths by the 2 nd beam splitter 61 to obtain a 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam D3 to be tested and a 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam D5 to be tested, the 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam D3 to be tested is subjected to propagation direction adjustment by the 1 st reflector 62 to obtain a 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam D4 to be tested, and the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam D4 is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter 65; the 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam D5 to be tested is subjected to propagation direction adjustment through the 2 nd reflector 63 to obtain a 6 th multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be tested, the opposite mode multiplexing vortex light beam E to be tested is obtained through the dove prism 64, and the multiplexing vortex light beam E to be tested is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter 65 to interfere with the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam D4 to be tested, so that a 1 st interference intensity mode E2 is obtained.
Functional parts:
(1) the 2 nd beam splitter 61 is an optical device that splits incident light into two identical beams that propagate perpendicular to each other;
the function of the method is to divide the incident 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam D2 to be measured into two paths to obtain a 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam D3 to be measured which is propagated vertically to the original light path and a 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam D5 to be measured which is propagated along the original light path.
(2) The 1 st mirror 62 is an optical device that can change the propagation direction of incident light;
the function of the method is to change the propagation direction of the 3 rd multiplexing vortex beam D3 to obtain the 4 th multiplexing vortex beam D4 to be measured, and the 4 th multiplexing vortex beam is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter 65.
(3) The 2 nd mirror 63 is an optical device that can change the propagation direction of incident light;
the function is to change the propagation direction of the multiplexing vortex light beam D5 to be measured of the 5 th to obtain the multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be measured of the 6 th to be measured, and the multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be measured enters the dove prism 64 in parallel.
(4) Dove prism 64 is a reflecting prism, also called a dove prism, and the appearance image is a right-angle prism with a truncated apex angle, and can enable the image to rotate, invert or reflect backwards;
the function is to change the mode sign of the incident 6 th multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be tested, and obtain the multiplexing vortex light beam E with the opposite mode to be tested.
(5) The 3 rd beam splitter 65 is an optical device that combines two beams of light having mutually perpendicular propagation directions into one beam;
the function is to combine the incident 4 th multiplexing vortex beam D4 to be measured and the multiplexing vortex beam E in the opposite mode to be measured into one beam to interfere the two beams, so as to obtain the 1 st interference intensity mode E2.
7) 2 nd receiving device 70
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the 2 nd receiving device 70 includes a 2 nd lens 71 and a 2 nd receiver 72.
The interaction relationship is as follows:
the 2 nd lens 71 and the 2 nd receiver 72 are back and forth alternated, and the 2 nd receiver 72 is controlled by the 1 st controller 33 to receive the 2 nd detection result.
The working mechanism is as follows:
the 1 st interference intensity pattern E2 is focused to a 2 nd interference intensity pattern F2 by a 2 nd lens 71, and finally received by a 2 nd receiver 72 and subjected to photoelectric signal conversion, wherein the 3 rd beam splitter 65 and the 2 nd receiver 72 are located at two focal points of the 2 nd lens 71, respectively.
Functional parts:
(1) the 2 nd lens 71 is a plano-convex lens with a convex surface and a plane surface, and has the functions of beam expanding, imaging, beam collimation, focusing collimation and the like;
its function is to converge the 1 st interference intensity pattern E2 into the 2 nd interference intensity pattern F2 onto the 2 nd receiver 72 on the image focal plane, making it easier to receive.
(2) The 2 nd receiver 72 is a photoelectric charge converter;
its function is to receive the 2 nd interference intensity pattern F2, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and display the 2 nd detection result on the 1 st controller 33.
(3) The 1 st controller 33 is a computer or a scaled integrated circuit;
the function is to observe the number of the inner ring stripes and the outer ring stripes in the displayed 2 nd detection result to obtain the size of one or two OAM modes in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected.
Second, method
The method comprises the following steps:
at the transmitting end:
the laser 11 emits a 1 st Gaussian beam A with the wavelength of 1550nm, the 1 st Gaussian beam A passes through the beam expanding collimator 21 to obtain a 2 nd Gaussian beam B with the beam waist radius expanded and collimated, the P polarization beam and the S polarization beam are vertically separated through the polarization beam splitter 22 to obtain a 3 rd Gaussian beam C with the P polarization beam, then a 1 st spatial light modulator 31 loaded with a multiplexing hologram and controlled by a 1 st controller 33 generates a multiplexing vortex beam D to be detected, and the multiplexing vortex beam D to be detected is vertically incident to the 1 st beam splitter 32 to obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex beam D1 to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex beam D2 to be detected;
secondly, at the detection end:
the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam D1 to be tested is incident on the 2 nd spatial light modulator 41 loaded with the annular phase grating and controlled by the 2 nd controller 42 to generate diffraction, and a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 is obtained, wherein the process of generating the annular phase grating is completed by designing a grating function by the 2 nd controller 42;
the 2 nd to-be-tested multiplexing vortex light beam D2 obtains a 3 rd to-be-tested multiplexing vortex light beam D3 which is propagated vertically to the original light path and a 5 th to-be-tested multiplexing vortex light beam D5 which is propagated along the original light path through the 2 nd beam splitter 61, the 3 rd to-be-tested multiplexing vortex light beam D3 changes the propagation direction through the 1 st reflector 62 to obtain a 4 th to-be-tested multiplexing vortex light beam D4, and the 4 th to-be-tested multiplexing vortex light beam D4 is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter 65; the 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam D5 to be tested changes the propagation direction thereof through the 2 nd reflector 63 to obtain a 6 th multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be tested, the opposite mode multiplexing vortex light beam E to be tested is obtained through the dove prism 64, and the multiplexing vortex light beam E to be tested is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter 65 to generate interference with the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam D4 to be tested to obtain a 1 st interference intensity mode E2;
at the receiving end:
focusing the 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern E1 obtained at the detection end into a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern F1 through the 1 st lens 51, receiving the 1 st detection result by the 1 st receiver 52, and observing the number of spiral stripes uniformly distributed in the 1 st detection result on the 2 nd controller 42 to obtain the relationship between the two patterns in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected: n ═ L1-L2|, where N is the number of spiral stripes, L1, L2 are the multiplexed two OAM modes, the direction of the spiral stripes is consistent with the sign of the larger of | L1|, | L2|, and left-handed indicates positive sign, right-handed indicates negative sign;
focusing the 1 st interference intensity pattern E2 obtained at the detection end into a 2 nd interference intensity pattern F2 through a 2 nd lens 71, then receiving the 2 nd detection result through a 2 nd receiver 72, and observing the number of uniformly distributed stripes in the 2 nd detection result on a 1 st controller 33 to obtain the size of one OAM pattern L1 or L2 in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected, wherein the number of inner ring stripes is consistent with the smaller of 2| L1|, 2| L2|, and the number of outer ring stripes is consistent with the larger of 2| L1|, 2| L2 |; and the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM mode can be identified by combining the relation between the two modes and the known size of one OAM mode.
The 2 nd controller 42 in the second step designs a grating function to generate the ring-shaped phase grating: obtained from the annular phase grating function t (r) ═ exp (i2 π r/a), where r is the radial coordinate and a is the grating period.
Third, the detection result
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the 1 st and 2 nd detection results obtained by the present invention, where L ═ 10, + 20; the relation between two modes in the multiplexed vortex beam D can be obtained through the 1 st detection result: n ═ L1-L2|, where N ═ 10 is the number of spiral stripes, L1 ═ 10, L2 ═ 20 are the multiplexed two OAM modes, the direction of the spiral stripes is left-handed consistent with the sign of the larger of | L1|, | L2|, and left-handed denotes positive sign, right-handed denotes negative sign, i.e., L2; the size of an OAM mode L1 or L2 in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected can be obtained through the 2 nd detection result, wherein the number of the inner ring stripes is 20 and is consistent with the smaller of 2| L1| and 2| L2|, namely | L1| -10; the number of outer ring stripes is 40, which is consistent with the larger of 2| L1|, 2| L2|, namely | L2| -20;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the results of the 1 st and 2 nd assays of the present invention, where L is +10 and-20; the relation between two modes in the multiplexed vortex beam D can be obtained through the 1 st detection result: n ═ L1-L2|, where N ═ 30 is the number of spiral stripes, L1 ═ 10, L2 ═ -20 are the multiplexed two OAM modes, the direction of spiral stripes is dextrorotation consistent with the sign of the greater of | L1|, and | L2|, i.e., L2; the size of an OAM mode L1 or L2 in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected can be obtained through the 2 nd detection result, wherein the number of the inner ring stripes is 20 and is consistent with the smaller of 2| L1| and 2| L2|, namely | L1| -10; the number of outer ring stripes is 40, which is consistent with the larger of 2| L1|, 2| L2|, namely | L2| -20;
in most cases, in the 2 nd detection result, only one OAM mode | L1| or | L2| in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected is needed to be obtained, and the OAM mode of the multiplexing vortex light beam can be detected by combining the relation between the two modes obtained in the 1 st detection result; under some conditions, the sizes of two OAM modes in the multiplexing vortex light beam can be directly detected through the 2 nd detection result, and the method is more convenient and quicker; the two detection results show that the obtained stripes are annular, a receiver can receive the stripes more conveniently, and the stripes are distributed more uniformly and clearly, so that a high-order mode of multiplexing vortex light beam OAM can be detected.
Claims (4)
1. A high-order mode detection system for optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing is characterized in that:
the device comprises a Gaussian light source (10), a modulation device (20), a device (30) for generating a multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected, a 1 st detection device (40), a 1 st receiving device (50), a 2 nd detection device (60) and a 2 nd receiving device (70);
the Gaussian light source (10) selects a laser (11) to generate a 1 st Gaussian beam (A) with the wavelength of 600-;
the modulation device (20) comprises a beam expanding collimator (21) and a polarization beam splitter (22);
the device (30) for generating the multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested comprises a 1 st spatial light modulator (31), a 1 st beam splitter (32) and a 1 st controller (33);
the 1 st detection device (40) comprises a 2 nd spatial light modulator (41) and a 2 nd controller (42);
the 1 st receiving device (50) comprises a 1 st lens (51) and a 1 st receiver (52);
the 2 nd detection device (60) comprises a 2 nd beam splitter (61), a 1 st reflecting mirror (62), a 2 nd reflecting mirror (63), a dove prism (64) and a 3 rd beam splitter (65);
the 2 nd receiving device (70) comprises a 2 nd lens (71) and a 2 nd receiver (72);
the interaction relationship is as follows:
the laser (11), the beam expanding collimator (21), the polarization beam splitter (22), the 1 st spatial light modulator (31) and the 1 st beam splitter (32) are sequentially interacted to generate a multiplexing vortex light beam (D) to be detected;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator (41) and the 2 nd beam splitter (61) are respectively interacted with the 1 st beam splitter (32) to divide the multiplexing vortex light beam (D) to be detected into two paths to obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam (D1) to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam (D2) to be detected;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator (41), the 1 st lens (51) and the 1 st receiver (52) are sequentially interacted, the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam (D1) to be detected is detected, a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern (E1) and a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern (F1) are sequentially obtained, and a 1 st detection result is received;
the 2 nd beam splitter (61) and the 1 st reflecting mirror (62) are interacted to obtain a 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D4) to be tested;
the No. 2 beam splitter (61), the No. 2 reflector (63) and the dove prism (64) are sequentially interacted to obtain a to-be-detected opposite mode multiplexing vortex light beam (E);
the 1 st reflector (62) and the dove prism (64) respectively interact with the 3 rd beam splitter (65) to obtain a 1 st interference intensity pattern (E2);
the 3 rd beam splitter (65), the 2 nd lens (71) and the 2 nd receiver (72) are sequentially interacted to obtain a 2 nd interference intensity mode (F2), and a 2 nd detection result is received;
the 1 st controller (33) controls the 1 st spatial light modulator (31) and the 2 nd receiver (72), and displays the 2 nd detection result;
a2 nd controller (42) controls the 2 nd spatial light modulator (41) and the 1 st receiver (52), and displays the 1 st detection result.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises:
the laser (11) is a light source generating a Gaussian beam, and emits a 1 st Gaussian beam (A) having a wavelength of 1550 nm;
the beam expanding collimator (21) consists of two lenses, is an optical combination device capable of changing the beam waist radius and the divergence angle of the Gaussian beam, and is used for increasing the beam waist radius of the 1 st Gaussian beam A and reducing the divergence angle to obtain a 2 nd Gaussian beam (B) after beam expanding and collimating;
the polarization beam splitter (22) is an optical device capable of vertically separating the P polarization and the S polarization of an incident beam, obtains a P-polarized 3 rd Gaussian beam (C), and is incident on the 1 st spatial light modulator (31);
the 1 st spatial light modulator (31) is an optical device for modulating the phase, polarization and intensity of the light field by controlling the voltage on the liquid crystal molecules, and adds the spiral phase factor exp (il) to the incident P-polarized 3 rd Gaussian beam (C) after modulating by loading the multiplexed hologram thereon1φ)+exp(il2Phi), generating a multiplexing vortex light beam (D) to be detected;
the 1 st beam splitter (32) is an optical device which divides incident light into two beams of same light beams which are vertically transmitted, and divides the incident multiplexing vortex light beam (D) to be detected into two paths to obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam (D1) to be detected transmitted along the original light path and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam (D2) to be detected transmitted vertically to the original light path;
the 1 st controller (33) is a computer or a scale integrated circuit, and loads the multiplexed hologram on the 1 st spatial light modulator (31);
the 2 nd spatial light modulator (41) is an optical device for modulating the phase, polarization and intensity of a light field by controlling the voltage on liquid crystal molecules, and diffracts when the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam (D1) to be measured is incident to the center or the vicinity of the center of the annular phase grating loaded on the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam to be measured to obtain a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity mode (E1);
the 2 nd controller (42) is a computer or a scale integrated circuit, and loads the designed annular phase grating onto the 2 nd spatial light modulator (41), wherein the designed annular phase grating is as shown in fig. 3;
the 1 st lens (51) is a plano-convex lens with a convex surface and a plane surface, has the functions of expanding beams, imaging, beam collimation, focusing collimation and the like, and converges the 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern (E1) into a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern (F1) to be concentrated on the 1 st receiver (52) on the focal surface of the image, so that the 1 st receiver can receive the light more easily;
the 1 st receiver (52) is a photoelectric charge converter that receives the 2 nd far field diffraction intensity pattern (F1) and converts the optical signal to an electrical signal for display on the 2 nd controller (42) of the 1 st detection;
the 2 nd controller (42) is a computer or an integrated circuit with a certain scale, and the relation between two OAM modes in the multiplexing vortex light beam (D) to be detected is obtained by observing the number and the direction of the stripes in the displayed 1 st detection result;
the 2 nd beam splitter (61) is an optical device which divides incident light into two beams of same light beams which are vertically transmitted, and divides the incident 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected (D2) into two paths to obtain a 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected (D3) which is vertically transmitted on an original light path and a 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam to be detected (D5) which is transmitted along the original light path;
the 1 st reflector (62) is an optical device capable of changing the propagation direction of incident light, and changes the propagation direction of the 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested (D3) to obtain a 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested (D4), so that the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam to be tested is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter (65);
the 2 nd reflecting mirror 63 is an optical device capable of changing the propagation direction of incident light, and is used for changing the propagation direction of the 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam D5 to be measured to obtain a 6 th multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be measured, and the multiplexing vortex light beam D6 to be measured is incident to the dove prism 64 in parallel;
the dove prism (64) is a reflecting prism, also called a Dff prism, the appearance of the dove prism is a right-angle prism with a truncated vertex angle, the image is rotated, inverted or reflected backwards, the incident 6 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D6) to be measured changes the mode sign, and the multiplexing vortex light beam (E) with the opposite mode to be measured is obtained;
the 3 rd beam splitter (65) is an optical device which can combine two beams of light with mutually vertical propagation directions into one beam of light, and combines the incident 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D4) to be tested and the multiplexing vortex light beam (E) with the opposite mode to be tested into one beam to be interfered, so that a 1 st interference intensity mode (E2) is obtained;
the 2 nd lens (71) is a plano-convex lens with one convex surface and one plane surface, has the functions of expanding beam, imaging, beam collimation and focusing collimation, and converges the 1 st interference intensity pattern (E2) into a 2 nd interference intensity pattern (F2) to be concentrated on a 2 nd receiver (72) on the focal plane of the image, so that the 2 nd interference intensity pattern is easier to receive;
the 2 nd receiver (72) is a photoelectric charge converter, is to receive the 2 nd interference intensity pattern (F2), convert the optical signal into the electrical signal, in order to reveal the 2 nd detection result on the 1 st controller (33);
the 1 st controller (33) is a computer or a certain-scale integrated circuit, and is used for observing the number of the inner ring stripes and the outer ring stripes in the displayed 2 nd detection result to obtain the size of one or two OAM modes in the multiplexing vortex light beam (D) to be detected.
3. A method of testing based on the test system of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
at the transmitting end: a laser (11) is arranged to emit a 1 st Gaussian beam (A) to respectively obtain a 1 st multiplexing vortex beam (D1) to be detected and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex beam (D2) to be detected;
secondly, at the detection end: obtaining a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern (E1) and a 1 st interference intensity pattern (E2) respectively;
at the receiving end: focusing the signal into a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern (F1) through a 1 st lens (51), and then receiving a 1 st detection result by a 1 st receiver (52); focused into a 2 nd interference intensity pattern (F2) through a 2 nd lens (71), and then a 2 nd detection result is received by a 2 nd receiver (72).
4. The detection method according to claim 3, wherein the third step is:
at the transmitting end:
the laser device (11) emits a 1 st Gaussian beam (A) with the wavelength of 1550nm, the 1 st Gaussian beam (A) with the expanded beam waist radius and the collimated beam (B) is obtained after passing through the beam expanding collimator (21), the P polarization beam and the S polarization beam are vertically separated through the polarization beam splitter (22), a 3 rd Gaussian beam (C) with the P polarization beam is obtained, then a multiplexing vortex beam (D) to be tested is generated on a 1 st spatial light modulator (31) which is controlled by a 1 st controller (33) and loaded with a multiplexing hologram, and the multiplexing vortex beam (D) to be tested is vertically incident to the 1 st beam splitter (32), and a 1 st multiplexing vortex beam (D1) to be tested and a 2 nd multiplexing vortex beam (D2) to be tested are obtained;
secondly, at the detection end:
the 1 st multiplexing vortex light beam (D1) to be tested is incident on a 2 nd spatial light modulator (41) which is controlled by a 2 nd controller (42) and loaded with an annular phase grating to generate diffraction, and a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern (E1) is obtained, wherein the process of generating the annular phase grating is completed by designing a grating function by the 2 nd controller (42);
the 2 nd multiplexing vortex light beam (D2) to be tested obtains a 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam (D3) to be tested which is vertically propagated along the original light path and a 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D5) to be tested which is propagated along the original light path through the 2 nd beam splitter (61), the 3 rd multiplexing vortex light beam (D3) to be tested changes the propagation direction through the 1 st reflector (62) to obtain a 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D4) to be tested, and the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam is vertically incident to the 3 rd beam splitter (65); changing the propagation direction of the 5 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D5) to be tested by a 2 nd reflector (63) to obtain a 6 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D6), obtaining a multiplexing vortex light beam (E) in an opposite mode to be tested by a dove prism (64), and vertically irradiating the multiplexing vortex light beam (E) into a 3 rd beam splitter (65) to generate interference with the 4 th multiplexing vortex light beam (D4) to be tested to obtain a 1 st interference intensity mode (E2);
at the receiving end:
focusing a 1 st far-field diffraction intensity pattern (E1) obtained at a detection end into a 2 nd far-field diffraction intensity pattern (F1) through a 1 st lens (51), receiving a 1 st detection result through a 1 st receiver (52), and observing the number of spiral fringes uniformly distributed in the 1 st detection result on a 2 nd controller (42) to obtain the relation between two patterns in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected: n ═ L1-L2|, where N is the number of spiral stripes, L1, L2 are the multiplexed two OAM modes, the direction of the spiral stripes is consistent with the sign of the larger of | L1|, | L2|, and left-handed indicates positive sign, right-handed indicates negative sign;
focusing a 1 st interference intensity mode (E2) obtained at a detection end into a 2 nd interference intensity mode (F2) through a 2 nd lens (71), then receiving a 2 nd detection result through a 2 nd receiver (72), and obtaining the size of one OAM mode L1 or L2 in the multiplexing vortex light beam D to be detected by observing the number of uniformly distributed stripes in the 2 nd detection result on a 1 st controller (33), wherein the number of inner circle stripes is consistent with the smaller of 2| L1| and 2| L2|, and the number of outer circle stripes is consistent with the larger of 2| L1|, 2| L2 |; the multiplexing vortex light beam OAM mode can be identified by combining the relationship between the two modes and the known size of one of the OAM modes;
the 2 nd controller (42) in the step II designs a grating function to generate the annular phase grating: obtained from the annular phase grating function t (r) ═ exp (i2 π r/a), where r is the radial coordinate and a is the grating period.
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| CN104121996A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 河南科技大学 | Measuring device for measuring vortex light beam high-order topological charge |
| CN204064471U (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-12-31 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of measurement mechanism measuring vortex beams higher order topology lotus |
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| CN104121996A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 河南科技大学 | Measuring device for measuring vortex light beam high-order topological charge |
| CN204064471U (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-12-31 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of measurement mechanism measuring vortex beams higher order topology lotus |
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