CN114321264B - Vibration attenuation cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial - Google Patents
Vibration attenuation cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN114321264B CN114321264B CN202210039138.7A CN202210039138A CN114321264B CN 114321264 B CN114321264 B CN 114321264B CN 202210039138 A CN202210039138 A CN 202210039138A CN 114321264 B CN114321264 B CN 114321264B
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vibration attenuation cutter bar based on active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial, which comprises a cutter bar and a cutter head fixed at the front end of the cutter bar, wherein an inner cavity is formed in the cutter bar, at least one active elastic wave metamaterial unit is arranged in the cutter bar, electromagnets for generating electromagnetic fields for adjusting the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit are respectively arranged on two sides of each active elastic wave metamaterial unit, and a digital signal control system for controlling the intensity of the electromagnetic fields is arranged outside the cutter bar. By adopting the scheme, the vibration-damping cutter bar based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial has a good vibration-damping effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cutters, in particular to a vibration reduction cutter bar based on active local resonance elastic wave metamaterial.
Background
In metal cutting machining, tool vibration has been one of the important factors affecting machining accuracy. Especially, when processing parts with deep holes, thin walls and other morphological features, the influence of vibration of a cutter on processing quality is more remarkable. The existing vibration damping cutters are mainly classified according to the vibration control principle, one type is passive vibration damping, vibration energy of the cutters is mainly dissipated by using a damping device or damping materials, the vibration damping cutters do not have the capability of adjusting, and the applicable cutting parameter range is relatively smaller; the two types are active vibration reduction, wherein a set of closed-loop control system is added on the vibration reduction basis with adjustable working frequency, cutting working conditions are measured in real time and feedback adjustment is carried out, so that accurate control on vibration of a cutter is achieved, the applicable working frequency is related to the adopted adjustable vibration reduction basis, for example, a power vibration absorber based on piezoelectric materials can realize vibration absorption of specific frequency, but the vibration absorber is limited by the geometric dimension of the cutter, the adjustable frequency range is limited, and the vibration reduction effect is poor in a low frequency range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the vibration damping cutter bar with good vibration damping effect based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: including the body of rod and be fixed in the tool bit of body of rod front end, its characterized in that: the rod body is provided with an inner cavity, at least one active elastic wave metamaterial unit is arranged in the rod body, two sides of each active elastic wave metamaterial unit are respectively provided with an electromagnet for generating an electromagnetic field for adjusting the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit, and a digital signal control system for controlling the intensity of the electromagnetic field is arranged outside the rod body.
By adopting the technical scheme, the elastic wave metamaterial is a novel artificial material, has an important characteristic, namely band gap characteristic, in the band gap frequency range, the elastic wave energy can be greatly attenuated, and the elastic wave metamaterial based on the local resonance mode can break through the size limitation of the Bragg scattering principle, can realize small-size control of large wavelength, and has wide application prospect in the field of low-frequency vibration reduction. The scheme adopts the characteristics, the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial can be adjusted by energizing the electromagnet, and the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial is adjusted according to the external vibration excitation frequency, so that the low-frequency and broadband vibration attenuation of the cutter is realized; when a plurality of active elastic wave metamaterial units are installed, the band gap frequencies of the metamaterials in the blocks are different by controlling the currents in the different active elastic wave metamaterial units, so that complex frequency vibration absorption can be realized, and the band gap frequency range is widened.
The invention is further provided with: the active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells in a cubic periodic array, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell comprises a base body with a cavity in the center, a magnetic mass center is arranged in the center of the cavity, and elastic bodies connected with the magnetic mass center and the base body are respectively arranged on the transverse sides, the longitudinal sides and the vertical sides of the magnetic mass center.
By adopting the technical scheme, the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell refers to a traditional three-phase elastic wave metamaterial structure, the permanent magnet is used as an active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell centroid, an adjustable external force on the magnetic centroid is applied through an external magnetic field, so that the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell is adjusted, and harmful vibration with lower frequency is controlled in a smaller size through an artificially designed unit cell structure.
The invention is further provided with: the number of the active elastic wave metamaterial units is more than two, and an electromagnet for generating respective electromagnetic fields is shared between adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units.
By adopting the technical scheme, the adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units share one electromagnet, so that the structure is more compact, and the inner cavity space is reasonably utilized.
The invention is further provided with: the rod body comprises a magnetism isolating cover surrounding the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet, the inner space of the magnetism isolating cover is an inner cavity, and the space in the magnetism isolating cover except the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet is filled and fixed by a damping bonding material.
By adopting the technical scheme, the magnetic isolation cover forms a stable electromagnetic environment for the active elastic wave metamaterial unit around the inner cavity, so that the vibration reduction effect is ensured, and meanwhile, the vibration reduction effect is further optimized by matching with the damping bonding material.
The invention is further provided with: the inner cavity is provided with a lead channel, and a lead for connecting the electromagnet with the digital signal control system is arranged in the lead channel.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lead channel is additionally arranged, so that the lead is convenient to connect the electromagnet with the digital signal control system, and the influence on the active elastic wave metamaterial unit is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active elastic wave metamaterial unit and an electromagnet;
FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional view of an active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell and a spring mass model;
FIG. 5 shows that the band gap center frequency of each direction of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell is influenced by magnetic force.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the invention discloses a vibration attenuation cutter bar based on active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial, which comprises a cutter bar 7 and a cutter head 1 fixed at the front end of the cutter bar 7, wherein the cutter head 1 and the cutter bar 7 are fixed through bolts 2, the cutter bar 7 is provided with an inner cavity 6, at least one active elastic wave metamaterial unit is arranged in the cutter bar 7, two sides of each active elastic wave metamaterial unit are respectively provided with an electromagnet 3 for generating an electromagnetic field for adjusting the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit, a digital signal control system 8 for controlling the intensity of the electromagnetic field is arranged outside the cutter bar 7, the elastic wave metamaterial is a novel artificial material, an important characteristic of the elastic wave metamaterial, namely the band gap characteristic, can greatly attenuate the elastic wave energy in the band gap frequency range, and the elastic wave metamaterial based on the local resonance type can break through the size limitation of the bragg scattering principle, can realize small-size control of large wavelength, and has wide application prospects in the low-frequency vibration attenuation field. The scheme adopts the characteristics, the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial can be adjusted by electrifying the electromagnet 3, and the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial is adjusted according to the external vibration excitation frequency, so that the low-frequency and broadband vibration attenuation of the cutter is realized.
The active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4 in a cubic periodic array, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises 2X3X3 active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4 comprises a base body 9 with a cavity in the center, a magnetic mass center 11 is arranged in the center of each cavity, elastic bodies 10 which are connected with the magnetic mass center 11 and the base body 9 are respectively arranged on the two lateral sides, the two longitudinal sides and the two vertical sides of the magnetic mass center 11, the active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4 refers to a traditional three-phase elastic wave metamaterial structure, a permanent magnet is used as the mass center of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4, an adjustable external force on the magnetic mass center 11 is applied through an external magnetic field, the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4 is adjusted, the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit 4 is controlled through a manually designed unit structure, harmful vibration with lower frequency is controlled through smaller size, and materials and structures with very low rigidity such as rubber springs can be selected by the elastic bodies 10. The mass center 11 of the magnetic substance is made of a permanent magnet material with high density, such as neodymium iron boron.
The number of the active elastic wave metamaterial units is more than two, one electromagnet 3 for generating respective electromagnetic fields is shared between adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units, and one electromagnet 3 is shared between adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units, so that the structure is more compact, and the space of the inner cavity 6 is reasonably utilized.
The rod body 7 comprises a magnetism isolating cover 5 surrounding the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet 3, the inner space of the magnetism isolating cover 5 is an inner cavity 6, the space in the magnetism isolating cover 5 except the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet 3 is filled and fixed by damping bonding materials, the magnetism isolating cover 5 forms a stable electromagnetic environment for the active elastic wave metamaterial unit around the inner cavity 6, the vibration reduction effect is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the damping bonding materials are matched, so that the vibration reduction effect is further optimized.
The inner cavity 6 is provided with a lead channel 13, a lead 12 for connecting the electromagnet 3 with the digital signal control system 8 is arranged in the lead channel, and the lead channel is additionally arranged, so that the lead 12 is convenient for connecting the electromagnet 3 with the digital signal control system 8, and meanwhile, the influence on the active elastic wave metamaterial unit is reduced.
The described initiative is illustrated by means of an equivalent mass spring model of elastic wave metamaterial, FIG. 4The bandgap characteristics of the elastic wave metamaterial unit cell 4 are related to the external magnetic force. The magnetic force of the electromagnet 3 on the inner magnetic mass center 11 of the unit cell can be expressed as F Magnetic field =f (R (I), L (t)), R (I) being determined by the electromagnet 3 parameters and the internal current, L (t) being determined by the relative position of the unit cell centroid and the electromagnet 3. Depending on the magnetic force direction set in example 1, the magnetic force can be equivalent to the X-direction with the addition of a spring with adjustable stiffness. Therefore, the internal current of the electromagnet 3 is changed, namely the band gap position of the unit cell can be changed, the change trend is shown in figure 5, and the low-frequency vibration absorption of different frequencies is realized.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a damping cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance formula elastic wave metamaterial, includes the body of rod and is fixed in the tool bit of body of rod front end, its characterized in that: the rod body is provided with an inner cavity, at least one active elastic wave metamaterial unit is arranged in the rod body, two sides of each active elastic wave metamaterial unit are respectively provided with an electromagnet for generating an electromagnetic field for adjusting the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit, and a digital signal control system for controlling the intensity of the electromagnetic field is arranged outside the rod body;
the active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells in a cubic periodic array, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell comprises a base body with a cavity in the center, a magnetic mass center is arranged in the center of the cavity, and elastic bodies which are connected with the magnetic mass center and the base body are respectively arranged on the two lateral sides, the two longitudinal sides and the two vertical sides of the magnetic mass center;
the number of the active elastic wave metamaterial units is more than two, and an electromagnet for generating respective electromagnetic fields is shared between adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units.
2. The vibration damping cutter bar based on active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the vibration damping cutter bar is characterized in that: the rod body comprises a magnetism isolating cover surrounding the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet, the inner space of the magnetism isolating cover is an inner cavity, and the space in the magnetism isolating cover except the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet is filled and fixed by a damping bonding material.
3. The vibration damping cutter bar based on active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the vibration damping cutter bar is characterized in that: the inner cavity is provided with a lead channel, and a lead for connecting the electromagnet with the digital signal control system is arranged in the lead channel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210039138.7A CN114321264B (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Vibration attenuation cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial |
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| CN202210039138.7A CN114321264B (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Vibration attenuation cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial |
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| CN114704589B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-03-24 | 山东大学 | Local resonance type phononic crystal vibration reduction device and equipment |
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| US6389941B1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-05-21 | Marquip, Llc | Rotary knife with electromagnetic active vibration control |
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| CN111489728A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-08-04 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Active acoustic metamaterial based on local resonance |
| CN111853154A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-30 | 上海交通大学 | Active coding adjustable metamaterial system for low-frequency-domain broadband vibration isolation |
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| SE519487C2 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2003-03-04 | Rolf Zimmergren | Method and apparatus for vibration control in drilling turning and tool holder for drilling turning |
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