CN114321264A - Vibration reduction cutter bar based on active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial - Google Patents
Vibration reduction cutter bar based on active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN114321264A CN114321264A CN202210039138.7A CN202210039138A CN114321264A CN 114321264 A CN114321264 A CN 114321264A CN 202210039138 A CN202210039138 A CN 202210039138A CN 114321264 A CN114321264 A CN 114321264A
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- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vibration reduction cutter bar based on an active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial, which comprises a rod body and a cutter head fixed at the front end of the rod body, wherein the rod body is provided with an inner cavity, at least one active elastic wave metamaterial unit is arranged in the rod body, electromagnets for generating electromagnetic fields for adjusting the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial units are respectively arranged on two sides of each active elastic wave metamaterial unit, and a digital signal control system for controlling the electromagnetic field intensity is arranged outside the rod body. By adopting the scheme, the vibration reduction cutter bar based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial is good in vibration reduction effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cutters, in particular to a vibration reduction cutter bar based on an active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial.
Background
In metal cutting machining, tool vibration has been one of the important factors affecting machining accuracy. Particularly, when parts with the appearance characteristics of deep holes, thin walls and the like are machined, the vibration of the cutter has more and more remarkable influence on the machining quality. The existing vibration reduction cutter designs are mainly classified according to the vibration control principle, one type is passive vibration reduction, the vibration energy of the cutter is mainly dissipated by using a damping device or a damping material, the vibration reduction cutter has no adjusting capability, and the applicable cutting parameter range is relatively small; the second type is active vibration reduction, a closed-loop control system is added on the basis of vibration reduction with adjustable working frequency, cutting working conditions are measured in real time and feedback adjustment is carried out, so that accurate control over vibration of the cutter is achieved, the applicable working frequency is related to the adjustable vibration reduction basis, for example, a dynamic vibration absorber based on piezoelectric materials can achieve vibration absorption with specific frequency, but the dynamic vibration absorber is limited by the geometric dimension of the cutter, the adjustable frequency range is limited, and the vibration reduction effect in the low frequency range is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a vibration-damping cutter bar based on an active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial, which has a good vibration-damping effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: including the body of rod and be fixed in the tool bit of body of rod front end, its characterized in that: the body of rod be provided with the inner chamber, the body of rod in be provided with at least one initiative elastic wave metamaterial unit, each initiative elastic wave metamaterial unit both sides be provided with the electro-magnet that produces the electromagnetic field of adjusting initiative elastic wave metamaterial unit band gap frequency respectively, the body of rod be provided with the digital signal control system of control electromagnetic field intensity outward.
By adopting the technical scheme, the elastic wave metamaterial is a novel artificial material, the band gap characteristic is an important characteristic of the elastic wave metamaterial, the elastic wave energy can be greatly attenuated in the band gap frequency range, the size limitation of the Bragg scattering principle can be broken through by the elastic wave metamaterial based on the local resonance type, the small-size control of the large wavelength can be realized, and the elastic wave metamaterial has a wide application prospect in the field of low-frequency vibration reduction. By adopting the characteristics, the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial can be adjusted by electrifying the electromagnet, and the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial is adjusted according to the external vibration excitation frequency, so that the low-frequency and wide-frequency vibration attenuation of the cutter is realized; when a plurality of active elastic wave metamaterial units are installed, the band gap frequencies of the metamaterial in each block are different by controlling the currents in different active elastic wave metamaterial units, and complex frequency vibration absorption can be realized, so that the band gap frequency range is widened.
The invention is further configured to: the active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells in a cubic periodic array, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell comprises a base body with a cavity in the center, a magnetic mass center is arranged in the center of the cavity, and elastic bodies for connecting the magnetic mass center and the base body are arranged on the transverse two sides, the longitudinal two sides and the vertical two sides of the magnetic mass center respectively.
By adopting the technical scheme, the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell refers to the traditional three-phase elastic wave metamaterial structure, the permanent magnet is used as the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell mass center, the adjustable external force to the magnetic mass center is applied through the external magnetic field, so that the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell is adjusted, and the harmful vibration of the lower frequency is controlled through the artificially designed unit cell structure in a smaller size.
The invention is further configured to: the number of the active elastic wave metamaterial units is more than two, and electromagnets for generating respective electromagnetic fields are shared between adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units.
By adopting the technical scheme, the adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units share one electromagnet, so that the structure is more compact, and the space of the inner cavity is reasonably utilized.
The invention is further configured to: the rod body comprises a magnetism isolating cover surrounding the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet, the inner space of the magnetism isolating cover is an inner cavity, and the space in the magnetism isolating cover except the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet is filled and fixed by damping bonding materials.
By adopting the technical scheme, the magnetism isolating cover forms a stable electromagnetic environment for the active elastic wave metamaterial unit around the inner cavity, the vibration damping effect is ensured, and meanwhile, the vibration damping effect is further optimized by matching with a damping bonding material.
The invention is further configured to: the inner cavity is provided with a lead channel, and a lead for connecting the electromagnet with a digital signal control system is arranged in the lead channel.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lead channel is additionally arranged, so that the lead is convenient to connect the electromagnet and the digital signal control system, and the influence on the active elastic wave metamaterial unit is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active elastic wave metamaterial unit and an electromagnet;
FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional view of an active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell and a spring mass model;
FIG. 5 shows that the center frequency of the band gap in each direction of the unit cell of the active elastic wave metamaterial is influenced by magnetic force.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the invention discloses a vibration reduction cutter bar based on an active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial, which comprises a bar body 7 and a cutter head 1 fixed at the front end of the bar body 7, wherein the cutter head 1 and the bar body 7 are fixed through a bolt 2, the bar body 7 is provided with an inner cavity 6, at least one active elastic wave metamaterial unit is arranged in the bar body 7, two sides of each active elastic wave metamaterial unit are respectively provided with an electromagnet 3 for generating an electromagnetic field for adjusting the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit, a digital signal control system 8 for controlling the electromagnetic field intensity is arranged outside the bar body 7, the elastic wave metamaterial is a novel artificial material, the important characteristic of the elastic wave metamaterial is the band gap characteristic, the elastic wave energy can be greatly attenuated in the band gap frequency range, and the elastic wave metamaterial based on the local resonance type can break through the size limitation of the bragg scattering principle, can realize small-size control of large wavelength, and has wide application prospect in the field of low-frequency vibration reduction. By adopting the characteristics, the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial can be adjusted by electrifying the electromagnet 3, and the band gap frequency of the elastic wave metamaterial is adjusted according to the external vibration excitation frequency, so that the low frequency and the broadband vibration attenuation of the cutter are realized.
The active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells 4 in a cubic periodic array, the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells contain 2X3X3 active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells 4, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell 4 comprises a base body 9 with a cavity in the center, a magnetic mass center 11 is arranged in the center of the cavity, elastic bodies 10 connected with the magnetic mass center 11 and the base body 9 are respectively arranged on the two transverse sides, the two longitudinal sides and the two vertical sides of the magnetic mass center 11, the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells 4 refer to a traditional three-phase elastic wave metamaterial structure, permanent magnets are used as the mass centers of the active elastic wave metamaterial 4, adjustable external force to the magnetic mass center 11 is applied through external magnetic field unit cells, so that the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells 4 is adjusted, harmful vibration of lower frequency is controlled through a unit cell structure designed artificially, in order to reduce the band gap frequency of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell 4, the elastic body 10 can be made of materials and structures with low rigidity, such as rubber springs. The magnetic mass center 11 is made of a high-density permanent magnet material such as neodymium iron boron.
The number of the active elastic wave metamaterial units is more than two, the adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units share one electromagnet 3 for generating respective electromagnetic fields, and the adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units share one electromagnet 3, so that the structure is more compact, and the space of the inner cavity 6 is reasonably utilized.
The body of rod 7 is including enclosing the magnetism shield 5 of the super material unit of initiative elastic wave and electro-magnet 3, and the inner space of magnetism shield 5 is inner chamber 6 promptly, and the space except that the super material unit of initiative elastic wave and electro-magnet 3 is fixed by the filling of damping bonding material in magnetism shield 5, and magnetism shield 5 forms stable electromagnetic environment for the super material unit of initiative elastic wave around inner chamber 6, guarantees the damping effect, cooperates the damping bonding material simultaneously, further optimizes the damping effect.
The inner cavity 6 is provided with a lead channel 13, a lead 12 connecting the electromagnet 3 with the digital signal control system 8 is arranged in the lead channel, the lead channel is additionally arranged, the electromagnet 3 and the digital signal control system 8 are convenient to use by the lead 12, and meanwhile, the influence on the active elastic wave metamaterial unit is reduced.
The relationship between the band gap characteristic of the active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell 4 and the external magnetic force is illustrated by an equivalent mass-spring model of the elastic wave metamaterial as shown in fig. 4. The magnetic force of the electromagnet 3 to the magnetic mass centroid 11 inside the unit cell can be expressed as FMagnetic fieldF (r) (i), l (t)), r (i) is determined by the electromagnet 3 parameters and the internal current, and l (t) is determined by the relative position of the centroid of the cell and the electromagnet 3. According to the magnetic force direction set in embodiment 1, the magnetic force can be equivalent to an additional spring with adjustable stiffness added to the X direction. Therefore, the position of the band gap of the unit cell can be changed by changing the internal current of the electromagnet 3, the change trend is shown in figure 5, and low-frequency vibration absorption with different frequencies is realized.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a damping cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial, includes the body of rod and is fixed in the tool bit of body of rod front end, its characterized in that: the body of rod be provided with the inner chamber, the body of rod in be provided with at least one initiative elastic wave metamaterial unit, each initiative elastic wave metamaterial unit both sides be provided with the electro-magnet that produces the electromagnetic field of adjusting initiative elastic wave metamaterial unit band gap frequency respectively, the body of rod be provided with the digital signal control system of control electromagnetic field intensity outward.
2. The vibration damping cutter bar based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the active elastic wave metamaterial unit comprises active elastic wave metamaterial unit cells in a cubic periodic array, each active elastic wave metamaterial unit cell comprises a base body with a cavity in the center, a magnetic mass center is arranged in the center of the cavity, and elastic bodies for connecting the magnetic mass center and the base body are arranged on the transverse two sides, the longitudinal two sides and the vertical two sides of the magnetic mass center respectively.
3. The vibration damping cutter bar based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial according to claim 2, wherein: the number of the active elastic wave metamaterial units is more than two, and electromagnets for generating respective electromagnetic fields are shared between adjacent active elastic wave metamaterial units.
4. The vibration damping cutter bar based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the rod body comprises a magnetism isolating cover surrounding the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet, the inner space of the magnetism isolating cover is an inner cavity, and the space in the magnetism isolating cover except the active elastic wave metamaterial unit and the electromagnet is filled and fixed by damping bonding materials.
5. The vibration damping cutter bar based on the active local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the inner cavity is provided with a lead channel, and a lead for connecting the electromagnet with a digital signal control system is arranged in the lead channel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210039138.7A CN114321264B (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Vibration attenuation cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial |
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| CN202210039138.7A CN114321264B (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Vibration attenuation cutter arbor based on initiative local resonance type elastic wave metamaterial |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114704589A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-05 | 山东大学 | Local resonance type phononic crystal vibration reduction device and equipment |
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2022
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| CN114704589B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-03-24 | 山东大学 | Local resonance type phononic crystal vibration reduction device and equipment |
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| CN114321264B (en) | 2023-10-31 |
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