CN114320667A - Extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixing engine - Google Patents
Extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixing engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114320667A CN114320667A CN202111084599.8A CN202111084599A CN114320667A CN 114320667 A CN114320667 A CN 114320667A CN 202111084599 A CN202111084599 A CN 202111084599A CN 114320667 A CN114320667 A CN 114320667A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixed engine, belonging to the technical field of aerospace propulsion; comprises an extrusion gas cylinder, an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant delivery pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder is communicated with the inlet of the oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve and a flow regulating valve, and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline; the inlet of a multi-branch aluminum pipe of the oxidant conveying pipeline is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the oxidant conveying pipeline is communicated with the inlet of a combustion chamber through a flow regulating valve and a pneumatic valve in sequence, the second outlet of the oxidant conveying pipeline is communicated with the pneumatic valve through a pressure reducing valve and a solenoid valve in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9 is controlled through the solenoid valve 8, and the on-off of a pipeline of an oxidant conveying system and the filling modes of two oxidants are remotely controlled; according to the invention, the injector and the spray pipe are fixed on the wall of the combustion chamber by adopting a fixing mode of radial screw connection, so that the combustion efficiency of the solid-liquid mixed engine is improved, and the negative quality brought by the flange plate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace propulsion, and particularly relates to an extrusion type solid-liquid mixed engine with an oxidant supply function.
Background
The solid-liquid hybrid engine is an aerospace power device which adopts a liquid oxidant and a solid fuel as energy sources and working medium sources, has the advantages of good safety, adjustable thrust, environmental protection, low cost and the like, and is expected to have wide development space and application prospect in the aerospace field, particularly the fields of suborbital aircrafts, medium and small sized sounding rockets, missile weapons, manned airships and the like.
The oxidant supply system stably supplies oxidant into the thrust chamber at a specific pressure and flow rate during the operation of the engine, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the engine. The extrusion type oxidant supply system consists of a high-pressure gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, an oxidant storage tank and a flow regulating valve, wherein the flow regulating valve controls the on-off of a pipeline, high-pressure gas is stored in the extrusion gas cylinder, and after the pressure of the extrusion gas cylinder is reduced by the pressure reducing valve, the oxidant in the storage tank is extruded, so that the constant supply flow of the oxidant is ensured. The extrusion type oxidant supply system is simple in structure and reliable in operation, and is generally used in solid-liquid rocket engines.
When the solid-liquid mixed engine works, oxidant discharged by the oxidant conveying system flows into a combustion chamber through an injector and is mixed and combusted with solid fuel. High-temperature fuel gas from the combustion chamber is accelerated through the tail nozzle, and heat energy and potential energy are converted into kinetic energy to generate engine thrust.
The invention discloses a patent of 'engine head structure, solid-liquid hybrid rocket engine and rocket' issued by Beijing aerospace university Shunanjia et al, wherein the application number is 201811172365.7, and provides an engine head cover, a swirl injector is connected to the bottom end of the engine head cover, the engine head cover is connected with a combustion chamber shell flange, so that a combustion chamber is communicated with an inner cavity of the swirl injector, oxidant swirl injection enters the combustion chamber, the problem of low combustion efficiency of the solid-liquid hybrid engine is effectively solved, the engine head cover is connected with an engine combustion chamber shell flange to ensure flexible disassembly, but the flange increases the passive quality of the engine.
A patent named as 'solid-liquid mixed engine for experiments on ground test vehicles', published by Wangyi university of northwest industry and the like, is disclosed, wherein the application number of the patent is 201811375237.2, an injector is arranged in a central hole of a front end cover, a spray pipe is arranged in an inner hole of a rear end cover, the front end cover is connected with a precombustion chamber shell and the rear end cover is connected with a afterburning chamber shell through threads, the size of the engine is changed by replacing the precombustion chamber shell and the afterburning chamber shell with different lengths, the whole engine does not need to be processed, the cost is reduced, but the threads are connected with the precombustion chamber shell and the afterburning chamber shell to have certain thicknesses, the thicknesses of the combustion chamber shell need to be increased, and the negative quality of the engine is increased.
The invention discloses a solid-liquid mixed engine igniter for ground test car experiments, which is published by Wang seal of northwest university of industry and the like, wherein the application number of the solid-liquid mixed engine igniter is 201811375237.2, an ignition head is buried in a front end cover, the joint of the front end cover and an oxidant conveying system is sealed by an aluminum sheet, when the engine is ignited and started, an ignition explosive package is ignited by an ignition element, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is instantly generated to break through the aluminum sheet and enter an engine combustion chamber to ignite an explosive column under the carrying action of an oxidant, so that the ignition and starting of the engine are realized, the complexity of an engine ignition system is reduced by the igniter, but the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the ignition explosive package is less, and meanwhile, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can spontaneously flow towards a spray pipe, the gas flowing towards the aluminum sheet is less, and the phenomenon that the aluminum sheet cannot be broken can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixing engine, the injector and the spray pipe are fixed on the wall of the combustion chamber bulkhead through screws, the passive mass of the engine is reduced, and the engine is convenient to assemble and disassemble; the engine adopts multiple oxidant filling mode, and the oxidant both can fill before the engine assembly, also can fill through setting up the quick filling connecting joint who fills at the multi-branch way aluminum pipe after the engine assembly, effectively prevents the leakage of storing with the assembly in-process oxidant, guarantees the security that engine assembly and oxidant filled.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an extrusion formula oxidant supplies solid-liquid mixture engine which characterized in that: comprises an extrusion gas cylinder 1, an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant delivery pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder 1 is communicated with the inlet of an oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve 2 and a flow regulating valve 3, and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of a combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline;
the oxidant conveying pipeline comprises a pressure reducing valve 2, a flow regulating valve 3, a multi-branch aluminum pipe 7, an electromagnetic valve 8 and a pneumatic valve 9; the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through the flow regulating valve 3 and the pneumatic valve 9 in sequence, the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve 9 through the pressure reducing valve 2 and the solenoid valve 8 in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9 is controlled through the solenoid valve 8, and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized through remote control;
an injector and a nozzle 17 are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the combustion chamber through screws; the injector comprises an injector shell 10 and an injector plate 11, wherein the injector shell 10 is of a horn-shaped structure, the small-diameter end is hermetically connected with the pneumatic valve 9, and the large-diameter end is coaxially provided with the injector plate 11 and is connected with the shell of the combustion chamber; the ignition device is arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell 10 and is used for controlling the circulation of an oxidant and the ignition of the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber so as to realize the starting of the engine.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ignition device comprises an aluminum sheet 18, a solid propellant 19 and an inner hexagonal nut 20; the aluminum sheet 18 is coaxially arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell 10, and is limited by a boss arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the injector shell 10 towards one end face of the pneumatic valve 9, and the other end of the aluminum sheet is matched with an inner hexagonal nut 20 to clamp and fix the solid propellant 19; the aluminum sheet 18 isolates the oxidant from the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber, the solid propellant 19 generates high-temperature fuel gas to melt the aluminum sheet 18 after ignition, the circulation of the oxidant is realized, and the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber is ignited under the action of the high-temperature fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the injector and the nozzle 17 are respectively fixedly connected with a shell of the combustion chamber by adopting radially-installed screws, and annular grooves are formed in the installation peripheral surfaces of the injector and the nozzle 17 and used for placing O-shaped rings to form radial pressure sealing.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the material of the injector shell 10 is 7075-T6 aluminum, and a glass/cotton/phenolic insulating layer is arranged in the injector shell; the injection plate 11 was made of CDA110 copper and had a thickness of 11 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the spray pipe 17 is made of EN19T steel alloy and is sequentially divided into a convergent section, a spray pipe throat part and an expansion section along the axial direction; the material of the convergent section is carbon/phenolic aldehyde, the material of the divergent section is high silica/phenolic aldehyde, and the material of the throat part of the spray pipe is graphite; the nozzle shell is sleeved on the periphery of the expansion section and the nozzle convergence section of the nozzle 17.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the convergent section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a trumpet-shaped inner cavity, and the outer peripheral surface of the convergent section is sequentially provided with a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step along the axial direction; the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the spray pipe shell is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a first step and a second step of the convergent section of the spray pipe 17; the expansion section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a trumpet-shaped inner cavity, and the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the expansion section of the spray pipe is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a third step and a fourth step of the convergence section of the spray pipe 17; the inner circumferential surface of the rear end of the nozzle shell and the expansion section of the nozzle 17 are fixed by screws.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: sealing agent is adopted to seal between each step and the step groove, between the throat part and the expansion section and between the throat part and the convergence section in the spray pipe 17, so that gas leakage is prevented.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber shell 12, a front combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 13, a combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 14, a fuel grain 15 and a rear combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 16, and the combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell 12; the fuel grain 15 is coaxially installed in the combustion chamber housing 12, and both ends thereof are respectively provided with a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer 13 and a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer 16.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the oxidant storage box comprises an oxidant storage box front end enclosure 4, an oxidant storage box cylindrical section 5 and an oxidant storage box rear end enclosure 6, and two ends of the oxidant storage box cylindrical section 5 are respectively connected with the oxidant storage box front end enclosure 4 and the oxidant storage box rear end enclosure 6 in a sealing manner; the front seal head 4 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the flow regulating valve 3, and the rear seal head 6 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the oxidant conveying pipeline.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an oxidant quick filling connecting joint, so that the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the injector and the spray pipe are fixed on the wall of the combustion chamber by selecting a radial screw connection as a fixing mode, so that the combustion efficiency of the solid-liquid mixed engine is improved, the negative mass caused by a flange plate is reduced, meanwhile, the wall thickness of the combustion chamber does not need to be increased due to the screw connection, the problem of the increase of the negative mass of the engine caused by the threaded connection is solved, the negative mass of the engine is reduced, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient; and cooperates with the O-shaped ring to form a radial pressure seal.
(2) The solid-liquid mixed engine has various oxidant filling modes, and the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled; through setting up the quick filling attach fitting filling at multi-branch way aluminum pipe 7, effectively prevent the leakage of storing with the assembly in-process oxidant, guarantee the security that engine assembly and oxidant fill the dress.
(3) Compared with the traditional single-branch control mode, the oxidant conveying pipeline control mode designed by the invention has the advantages that after the engine starts to work, the electromagnetic valve cannot be completely closed under a high-pressure environment, the on-off of the oxidant conveying system cannot be controlled by the electromagnetic valve, and the on-off of the pipeline is controlled by combining the electromagnetic valve and the pneumatic valve. The gas in the oxidant storage tank is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 2 and flows through the electromagnetic valve 8, when the electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the gas flowing through the electromagnetic valve 8 closes the pneumatic valve 9, and the pipeline is disconnected; when the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the pneumatic valve is opened, and the pipeline is communicated. The solenoid valve 8 controls the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9, and the on-off of the oxidant conveying system pipeline is realized through remote control.
(4) The ignition device designed by the invention is equal to a diaphragm valve mechanism, and realizes the isolation of an oxidant and a solid fuel. The aluminum sheet receives the pressure in the aspect of the oxidizer storage tank and the high temperature generated by the combustion of the solid propellant, so that the aluminum sheet can be melted, the oxidizer can be communicated, and meanwhile, the solid propellant is used as the source of the ignition energy of the engine, so that the stable ignition of the engine is facilitated compared with the traditional ignition explosive bag.
(5) The injection plate 11 of the present invention is made of CDA110 copper, which helps to reduce the formation of local hot spots due to its high thermal conductivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general assembly drawing of a solid-liquid hybrid engine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ignition apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thrust chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an oxidant delivery conduit of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. the fuel injector comprises an extruded gas cylinder, 2, a pressure reducing valve, 3, a flow regulating valve, 4, an oxidant storage box front head, 5, an oxidant storage box wall, 6, an oxidant storage box rear head, 7, a customized aluminum pipe, 8, an electromagnetic valve, 9, a pneumatic valve, 10, an injector shell, 11, an injection plate, 12, a combustion chamber shell, 13, a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer, 14, a combustion chamber heat insulating layer, 15, a fuel grain, 16, a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer, 17, a nozzle, 18, an aluminum sheet, 19, a solid propellant and 20, an internal hexagonal nut.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
The invention relates to a solid-liquid hybrid engine comprising: the fuel injection device comprises an extruded gas cylinder 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a flow regulating valve 3, an oxidant storage tank front head 4, an oxidant storage tank wall 5, an oxidant storage tank rear head 6, a customized aluminum pipe 7, an electromagnetic valve 8, an air-operated valve 9, an injector shell 10, an injection plate 11, a combustion chamber shell 12, a front combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 13, a combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 14, a fuel grain 15, a rear combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 16, a spray pipe 17, an aluminum sheet 18, a solid propellant 19 and an inner hexagonal nut 20. The front and rear end enclosures of the oxidant storage tank are fixed with the cylindrical section of the storage tank by screws, the injector and the spray pipe are fixed on the wall of a combustion chamber bulkhead by screws, the extrusion gas cylinder 1 is connected with the oxidant storage tank by a pressure reducing valve 2 and a flow regulating valve 3, the oxidant storage tank is connected with the injector by an oxidant conveying system, and the combustion chamber consists of a combustion chamber shell 12, a front combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 13, a combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 14, a rear combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 16, a fuel grain 15, an igniter and a spray pipe 17.
In this example, nitrous oxide/paraffin-containing fuel was used as the propellant.
Referring to fig. 1, the extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixing engine comprises an extrusion gas cylinder 1, an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant conveying pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder 1 is communicated with the inlet of an oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve 2 and a flow regulating valve 3, and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of a combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline;
the oxidant conveying pipeline comprises a pressure reducing valve 2, a flow regulating valve 3, a multi-branch aluminum pipe 7, an electromagnetic valve 8 and a pneumatic valve 9; the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through the flow regulating valve 3 and the pneumatic valve 9 in sequence, the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve 9 through the pressure reducing valve 2 and the solenoid valve 8 in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9 is controlled through the solenoid valve 8, and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized through remote control; the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the quick oxidant filling connecting joint are arranged on the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7, so that the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled. After the engine starts to work, the electromagnetic valve cannot be completely closed in a high-pressure environment, the on-off of the oxidant conveying system cannot be directly controlled by the electromagnetic valve, and the on-off of the pipeline is controlled by combining the electromagnetic valve and the pneumatic valve. The gas in the oxidant storage tank is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 2 and flows through the electromagnetic valve 8, when the electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the gas flowing through the electromagnetic valve 8 closes the pneumatic valve 9, and the pipeline is disconnected; when the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the pneumatic valve is opened, and the pipeline is communicated. The solenoid valve 8 controls the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9, and the on-off of the oxidant conveying system pipeline is realized through remote control.
The combustion chamber adopts a combined design, an injector and a spray pipe 17 are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the combustion chamber through radial screws, and annular grooves are formed in the mounting peripheral surfaces of the injector and the spray pipe 17 and used for placing O-shaped rings to form radial pressure sealing. Compared with flange plate connection and threaded connection mentioned in the background technology, the flange plate can be omitted in the connection, the wall thickness of the combustion chamber bin wall can be effectively reduced, the purpose of reducing negative quality is achieved, and meanwhile, the assembly is convenient. The combustion chamber was made of 164mm external diameter and 5.5mm thick 6061-T6 aluminium tubes, with 3mm thick glass/cotton/phenolic insulation placed in each of the front and rear combustion chambers.
Referring to fig. 2, the injector comprises an injector shell 10 and an injector plate 11, wherein the injector shell 10 is of a horn-shaped structure, a small-diameter end is hermetically connected with the pneumatic valve 9, and a large-diameter end is coaxially provided with the injector plate 11 and is connected with a shell of a combustion chamber; the ignition device is arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell 10 and is used for controlling the circulation of an oxidant and the ignition of the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber so as to realize the starting of the engine. The injector housing 10 is made of 7075-T6 aluminum, and because of the high thermal conductivity of copper, making the injector plate helps to reduce the formation of localized hot spots, and making the 11mm thick injector plate 11 of CDA110 copper, inside which a 4mm thick glass/cotton/phenolic insulation is placed.
Referring to fig. 2, the ignition device comprises an aluminum sheet 18, a solid propellant 19 and an internal hexagonal nut 20; the aluminum sheet 18 is coaxially arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell 10, and is limited by a boss arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the injector shell 10 towards one end face of the pneumatic valve 9, and the other end of the aluminum sheet is matched with an inner hexagonal nut 20 to clamp and fix the solid propellant 19; the aluminum sheet 18 isolates the oxidant from the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber, the solid propellant 19 generates high-temperature fuel gas to melt the aluminum sheet 18 after ignition, the circulation of the oxidant is realized, and the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber is ignited under the action of the high-temperature fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow. The solid propellant requires the adoption of a modified double-base grain, and the grain has the characteristics of large gas forming amount and high burning speed, can support an aluminum sheet, quickly disappears after burning, and provides a large amount of fuel gas.
Referring to fig. 3, the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber shell 12, a front combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 13, a combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 14, a fuel grain 15 and a rear combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 16, wherein the combustion chamber heat-insulating layer 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell 12; the fuel grain 15 is coaxially installed in the combustion chamber housing 12, and both ends thereof are respectively provided with a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer 13 and a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer 16.
The spray pipe 17 is made of EN19T steel alloy and is sequentially divided into a convergent section, a spray pipe throat part and an expansion section along the axial direction; the material of the convergent section is carbon/phenolic aldehyde, the material of the divergent section is high silica/phenolic aldehyde, and the material of the throat part of the spray pipe is graphite; the nozzle shell is sleeved on the periphery of the expansion section and the nozzle convergence section of the nozzle 17. The convergent section of the nozzle 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a trumpet-shaped inner cavity, and the peripheral surface of the convergent section is sequentially provided with a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step along the axial direction; the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the spray pipe shell is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a first step and a second step of the convergent section of the spray pipe 17; the expansion section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a trumpet-shaped inner cavity, and the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the expansion section of the spray pipe is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a third step and a fourth step of the convergence section of the spray pipe 17; the inner circumferential surface of the rear end of the nozzle shell and the expansion section of the nozzle 17 are fixed by screws. Sealing agent is adopted to seal between each step and the step groove, between the throat part and the expansion section and between the throat part and the convergence section in the spray pipe 17, so as to prevent gas leakage.
Referring to fig. 4, the oxidant storage tank comprises an oxidant storage tank front end enclosure 4, an oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 and an oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure 6, and two ends of the oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 are respectively connected with the oxidant storage tank front end enclosure 4 and the oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure 6 in a sealing manner; the front seal head 4 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the flow regulating valve 3, and the rear seal head 6 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the oxidant conveying pipeline.
The assembling process of the thrust chamber comprises the following steps: the nozzle 17 is screwed to the combustion chamber housing 12, sealed with a viton O-ring, the rear combustion chamber insulation 16 is placed in the combustion chamber housing 12, then the fuel pegs 15 with the combustion chamber insulation 14 are placed (the pegs 15 are cast into the combustion chamber insulation 14 in advance), and then the front combustion chamber insulation 13 is placed. The ignition device is fixed between the injector injection plate 11 and the injector shell 10, an ignition wire is led out through a duct of the injector injection plate 11 and a nozzle 17, the injector is connected with the combustion chamber shell 12 through screws, and a fluorine rubber O-shaped ring is used for ensuring good air tightness of the engine.
The overall assembly process of the solid-liquid mixed engine comprises the following steps: an oxidant storage tank filled with nitrous oxide and an extrusion gas cylinder 1 are prepared, O-shaped sealing rings are arranged at a valve, a gas cylinder connecting end and an injector connecting end, and the fluorine rubber O-shaped rings are tightly pressed, so that reliable connection is finally guaranteed, and the sealing performance is good.
After the standby instruction of the engine is given, the pressure reducing valve 2 and the flow regulating valve 3 are opened, and the engine enters a standby state. After a formal working instruction is issued, igniting the solid propellant 19, and enabling the generated high-temperature fuel gas to enter a combustion chamber to heat the paraffin-containing fuel grain 15; meanwhile, the aluminum sheet 18 is melted at the temperature released by the solid propellant 19 during combustion, so that the oxidizer flows, enters the combustion chamber and reacts with the fuel grains 15 in a combustion manner, and the ignition action is finished.
After the ignition of the engine is finished, liquid nitrous oxide flowing out of the oxidant storage tank enters the combustion chamber after being atomized by the injector, and is subjected to combustion reaction with paraffin-containing fuel to generate high-temperature fuel gas, and the high-temperature fuel gas generates thrust after being accelerated by the jet pipe.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an extrusion formula oxidant supplies solid-liquid mixture engine which characterized in that: comprises an extrusion gas cylinder (1), an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant delivery pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder (1) is communicated with the inlet of an oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve (2) and a flow regulating valve (3), and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of a combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline;
the oxidant conveying pipeline comprises a pressure reducing valve (2), a flow regulating valve (3), a multi-branch aluminum pipe (7), an electromagnetic valve (8) and a pneumatic valve (9); the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe (7) is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage box, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber sequentially through the flow regulating valve (3) and the pneumatic valve (9), the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve (9) sequentially through the pressure reducing valve (2) and the solenoid valve (8), the on-off of the pneumatic valve (9) is controlled through the solenoid valve (8), and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized through remote control;
an injector and a nozzle (17) are respectively installed at the inlet end and the outlet end of the combustion chamber through screws; the injector comprises an injector shell (10) and an injector plate (11), the injector shell (10) is of a horn-shaped structure, the small-diameter end is hermetically connected with the pneumatic valve (9), and the large-diameter end is coaxially provided with the injector plate (11) and is connected with the shell of the combustion chamber; the ignition device is arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell (10) and used for controlling the circulation of an oxidant and the ignition of a fuel charge (15) in a combustion chamber to realize the starting of an engine.
2. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the ignition device comprises an aluminum sheet (18), a solid propellant (19) and an inner hexagonal nut (20); the aluminum sheet (18) is coaxially arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell (10), one end face of the aluminum sheet, which faces the pneumatic valve (9), is limited by a boss arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the injector shell (10), and the other end of the aluminum sheet is matched with an inner hexagonal nut (20) to clamp and fix the solid propellant (19); the aluminum sheet (18) isolates the oxidant from the fuel grain (15) in the combustion chamber, the solid propellant (19) generates high-temperature fuel gas to melt the aluminum sheet (18) after ignition, the circulation of the oxidant is realized, and the fuel grain (15) in the combustion chamber is ignited under the action of the high-temperature fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow.
3. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the injector and the spray pipe (17) are fixedly connected with a shell of the combustion chamber through radially-mounted screws respectively, and annular grooves are formed in the mounting peripheral surfaces of the injector and the spray pipe (17) and used for placing O-shaped rings to form radial pressure sealing.
4. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the injector shell (10) is made of 7075-T6 aluminum, and a glass/cotton/phenolic aldehyde heat insulation layer is arranged in the injector shell; the injection plate (11) is made of CDA110 copper and has a thickness of 11 mm.
5. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the spray pipe (17) is made of EN19T steel alloy and is sequentially divided into a convergence section, a spray pipe throat part and an expansion section along the axial direction; the material of the convergent section is carbon/phenolic aldehyde, the material of the divergent section is high silica/phenolic aldehyde, and the material of the throat part of the spray pipe is graphite; the spray pipe shell is sleeved on the periphery of the expansion section and the spray pipe convergence section of the spray pipe (17).
6. The extrusion oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 5, characterized in that: the convergent section of the spray pipe (17) is of a cylindrical structure with a trumpet-shaped inner cavity, and the peripheral surface of the convergent section is sequentially provided with a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step along the axial direction; the inner circumferential surface of the front end of the spray pipe shell is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a first step and a second step of the convergent section of the spray pipe (17); the expansion section of the spray pipe (17) is of a cylindrical structure with a trumpet-shaped inner cavity, and the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the expansion section of the spray pipe is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a third step and a fourth step of the convergence section of the spray pipe (17); the inner circumferential surface of the rear end of the spray pipe shell and the expansion section of the spray pipe (17) are fixed through screws.
7. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 6, wherein: sealing agents are adopted to seal between each step and the step groove, between the throat part and the expansion section and between the throat part and the convergence section in the spray pipe (17) so as to prevent gas leakage.
8. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber shell (12), a front combustion chamber heat-insulating layer (13), a combustion chamber heat-insulating layer (14), a fuel grain (15) and a rear combustion chamber heat-insulating layer (16), and the combustion chamber heat-insulating layer (14) is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell (12); the fuel grain (15) is coaxially arranged in the combustion chamber shell (12), and the two ends of the fuel grain are respectively provided with a front combustion chamber heat-insulating layer (13) and a rear combustion chamber heat-insulating layer (16).
9. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the oxidant storage tank comprises an oxidant storage tank front end enclosure (4), an oxidant storage tank cylindrical section (5) and an oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure (6), and two ends of the oxidant storage tank cylindrical section (5) are respectively in sealing connection with the oxidant storage tank front end enclosure (4) and the oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure (6); the front seal head (4) of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the flow regulating valve (3), and the rear seal head (6) of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the oxidant conveying pipeline.
10. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the multi-branch aluminum pipe (7) is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an oxidant quick filling connecting joint, so that the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled.
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