CN114320667B - Extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixed engine - Google Patents
Extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixed engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114320667B CN114320667B CN202111084599.8A CN202111084599A CN114320667B CN 114320667 B CN114320667 B CN 114320667B CN 202111084599 A CN202111084599 A CN 202111084599A CN 114320667 B CN114320667 B CN 114320667B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixing engine, belonging to the technical field of aerospace propulsion; comprises an extrusion gas cylinder, an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant conveying pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder is communicated with the inlet of the oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve and a flow regulating valve, and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline; the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe of the oxidant conveying pipeline is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through a flow regulating valve and a pneumatic valve in sequence, the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve through a pressure reducing valve and a solenoid valve in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9 is controlled through the solenoid valve 8, and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system and two oxidant filling modes are realized through remote control; according to the invention, the radial screw connection is selected as a fixing mode to fix the injector and the spray pipe on the bulkhead of the combustion chamber, so that the combustion efficiency of the solid-liquid mixed engine is improved, and the negative quality brought by the flange plate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace propulsion, and particularly relates to an extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid mixing engine.
Background
The solid-liquid hybrid engine is a space power device adopting liquid oxidant and solid fuel as energy sources and working medium sources, has the advantages of good safety, adjustable thrust, environmental protection, low cost and the like, and is expected to have wide development space and application prospect in the field of space, in particular in the fields of sub-orbital vehicles, small and medium-sized sounding rockets, missile weapons, manned spacecraft and the like.
The oxidant supply system stably delivers oxidant at a specific pressure and flow rate into the thrust chamber during engine operation, ensuring stable engine operation. The extruding oxidant supply system consists of a high-pressure gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, an oxidant storage tank and a flow regulating valve, wherein the flow regulating valve controls the on-off of a pipeline, high-pressure gas is stored in the extruding gas cylinder, and after the pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing device, the oxidant in the storage tank is extruded, so that the supply flow of the oxidant is ensured to be constant. The extrusion type oxidant supply system has simple structure and reliable operation and is generally used in solid-liquid rocket engines.
When the solid-liquid mixing engine works, the oxidant discharged by the oxidant conveying system flows into the combustion chamber through the injector and is mixed with the solid fuel for combustion. The high-temperature fuel gas from the combustion chamber is accelerated through the tail nozzle, and the heat energy and potential energy are converted into kinetic energy to generate engine thrust.
The patent of Beijing aviation aerospace university Najia et al entitled "Engine head Structure, solid-liquid hybrid rocket Engine and rocket", the application number of this invention is 201811172365.7, put forward an engine head cover, connect the whirl injector in the bottom of engine head cover, engine head cover and combustion chamber shell ring flange are connected, make combustion chamber and the inner chamber intercommunication of whirl injector, the oxidant whirl injection gets into the combustion chamber, the problem that solid-liquid hybrid engine combustion efficiency is lower has effectively been solved, engine head cover and engine combustion chamber shell ring flange are connected in order to guarantee nimble removable, but the ring flange has increased the negative quality of engine.
The invention discloses a solid-liquid mixed engine for ground test experiments, which is disclosed in Wang Yin et al of northwest university, and has the application number 201811375237.2, wherein an injector is arranged in a central hole of a front end cover, a spray pipe is arranged in an inner hole of a rear end cover, the front end cover is in threaded connection with a precombustor shell and a rear end cover is in threaded connection with a afterburner shell, the sizes of the engine are changed by replacing precombustor shells and afterburner shells with different lengths, the whole engine is not required to be processed, the cost is reduced, the threaded connection requires a certain thickness of the precombustor shell and the afterburner shell, the thickness of the combustion chamber shell is required to be increased, and the negative quality of the engine is increased.
The invention discloses a solid-liquid mixed engine for ground test experiments, which is disclosed in Wang Yin et al of northwest university, and has the application number 201811375237.2, wherein an igniter of the solid-liquid mixed engine is provided, an ignition head is embedded into a front end cover, the joint of the front end cover and an oxidant conveying system is sealed by an aluminum sheet, when the engine is ignited and started, an ignition cartridge bag is ignited by an ignition element, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is instantaneously generated to burst the aluminum sheet and enters an engine combustion chamber to ignite a cartridge column under the carrying effect of an oxidant, so that the ignition and starting of the engine are realized, the igniter reduces the complexity of an ignition system of the engine, but the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the ignition cartridge bag is relatively less, meanwhile, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas spontaneously flows towards a spray pipe direction, the quantity of the gas flowing to the aluminum sheet is small, and the phenomenon that the aluminum sheet cannot be burst is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the extrusion type oxidant-fed solid-liquid mixed engine, and the injector and the spray pipe are fixed on the bulkhead of the combustion chamber through the screws, so that the negative mass of the engine is reduced, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient; the engine adopts various oxidant filling modes, and the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled, and also can be filled after the engine is assembled through the quick filling connecting joint arranged on the multi-branch aluminum pipe, so that the leakage of the oxidant in the storage and assembly processes is effectively prevented, and the safety of the engine assembly and the oxidant filling is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid hybrid engine is characterized in that: comprises an extrusion gas cylinder 1, an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant conveying pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder 1 is communicated with the inlet of an oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve 2 and a flow regulating valve 3, and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline;
the oxidant conveying pipeline comprises a pressure reducing valve 2, a flow regulating valve 3, a multi-branch aluminum pipe 7, an electromagnetic valve 8 and a pneumatic valve 9; the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through the flow regulating valve 3 and the pneumatic valve 9 in sequence, the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve 9 through the pressure reducing valve 2 and the electromagnetic valve 8 in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9 is controlled through the electromagnetic valve 8, and the on-off of a pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized through remote control;
the inlet end and the outlet end of the combustion chamber are respectively provided with an injector and a spray pipe 17 through screws; the injector comprises an injector shell 10 and an injection plate 11, wherein the injector shell 10 is of a horn-shaped structure, the small-diameter end is in sealing connection with the pneumatic valve 9, and the large-diameter end is coaxially provided with the injection plate 11 and is connected with the shell of the combustion chamber; the ignition device is provided at the small diameter end of the injector housing 10, and is used for controlling the flow of the oxidant and the ignition of the fuel cartridge 15 in the combustion chamber, thereby realizing the start of the engine.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the ignition device comprises an aluminum sheet 18, a solid propellant 19 and an inner hexagonal nut 20; the aluminum sheet 18 is coaxially arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell 10, one end face of the aluminum sheet, which faces the pneumatic valve 9, is limited by a boss arranged on the inner wall of the injector shell 10 along the circumferential direction, and the other end of the aluminum sheet is matched with the inner hexagonal nut 20 to clamp and fix the solid propellant 19; the aluminum sheet 18 isolates the oxidant from the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber, and the solid propellant 19 generates high-temperature fuel gas to melt the aluminum sheet 18 after ignition, so that the circulation of the oxidant is realized, and the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber is ignited under the action of the high-temperature fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the injector and the spray pipe 17 are respectively and fixedly connected with the shell of the combustion chamber by radially installed screws, and annular grooves are formed in the installation peripheral surfaces of the injector and the spray pipe 17 and used for placing O-shaped rings to form radial pressure sealing.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the injector shell 10 is made of 7075-T6 aluminum, and a glass/cotton/phenolic aldehyde heat insulation layer is arranged in the injector shell; the material of the injection plate 11 was CDA110 copper, and the thickness was 11mm.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the spray pipe 17 is made of EN19T steel alloy and is axially and sequentially divided into a convergent section, a spray pipe throat section and an expansion section; the convergent section is made of carbon/phenolic aldehyde, the divergent section is made of high silica/phenolic aldehyde, and the throat part of the spray pipe is made of graphite; the nozzle housing is sleeved around the expanding section and the converging section of the nozzle 17.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the convergent section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a horn-shaped inner cavity, and the peripheral surface of the convergent section is sequentially provided with a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step along the axial direction; the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the spray pipe shell is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with the first step and the second step of the convergence section of the spray pipe 17; the expansion section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a horn-shaped inner cavity, and the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the expansion section is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a third step and a fourth step of the convergence section of the spray pipe 17; the inner peripheral surface of the rear end of the nozzle housing is fixed with the expansion section of the nozzle 17 by screws.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the steps and the step grooves, the throat and the expansion section and the throat and the convergence section in the spray pipe 17 are sealed by sealant to prevent gas leakage.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber shell 12, a front combustion chamber heat insulation layer 13, a combustion chamber heat insulation layer 14, a fuel grain 15 and a rear combustion chamber heat insulation layer 16, wherein the combustion chamber heat insulation layer 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell 12; the fuel cartridge 15 is coaxially installed in the combustion chamber housing 12, and is provided with a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer 13 and a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer 16 at both ends thereof, respectively.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the oxidant storage tank comprises an oxidant storage tank front end enclosure 4, an oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 and an oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure 6, and two ends of the oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 are respectively and hermetically connected with the oxidant storage tank front end enclosure 4 and the oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure 6; the front end socket 4 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the flow regulating valve 3, and the rear end socket 6 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the oxidant conveying pipeline.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an oxidant quick filling connecting joint, so that the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the radial screw connection is selected as a fixing mode to fix the injector and the spray pipe on the bulkhead of the combustion chamber, so that the combustion efficiency of the solid-liquid mixed engine is improved, the negative quality brought by the flange plate is reduced, and meanwhile, as the wall thickness of the combustion chamber is not required to be increased in the screw connection, the problem of increasing the negative quality of the engine caused by using threaded connection is solved, the negative quality of the engine is reduced, and the disassembly and assembly are convenient; and cooperate with the O-ring to form a radial pressure seal.
(2) The solid-liquid mixed engine has a plurality of oxidant filling modes, and the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled; through setting up the quick filling attach fitting filling at multi-branch aluminum pipe 7, effectively prevent to store and assemble the in-process oxidizer reveal, guarantee the security that engine assembly and oxidizer filled.
(3) Compared with the traditional single-branch control mode, the control mode of the oxidant conveying pipeline designed by the invention has the advantages that after an engine starts to work, the electromagnetic valve cannot be completely closed under a high-pressure environment, the electromagnetic valve cannot be used for controlling the on-off of the oxidant conveying system, and the on-off of the pipeline is controlled by adopting a mode of combining the electromagnetic valve and a pneumatic valve. The gas in the oxidant storage tank is depressurized through the depressurization valve 2 and flows through the electromagnetic valve 8, when the electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the gas flowing through the electromagnetic valve 8 closes the pneumatic valve 9, and the pipeline is disconnected; when the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the pneumatic valve is opened and the pipeline is communicated. The electromagnetic valve 8 controls the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9, and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized by remote control.
(4) The ignition device designed by the invention is equivalent to a diaphragm valve mechanism, and realizes isolation of the oxidant and the solid fuel. The aluminum sheet is subjected to the pressure in the aspect of the oxidizer storage tank and the high temperature generated by the combustion of the solid propellant, so that the aluminum sheet can be melted, the penetration of the oxidizer is realized, and meanwhile, the solid propellant is used as a source of ignition energy of the engine, so that the ignition device is more beneficial to promoting the stable ignition of the engine compared with the traditional ignition medicine bag.
(5) The injection plate 11 is made of CDA110 copper, and the injection plate is made of copper with high heat conductivity coefficient, so that the formation of local hot spots is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general assembly view of a solid-liquid hybrid engine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ignition device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thrust chamber of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an oxidant delivery conduit of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. squeeze gas cylinder, 2 pressure relief valve, 3 flow regulator, 4 oxidizer tank front head, 5 oxidizer tank wall, 6 oxidizer tank rear head, 7 custom aluminum tube, 8 solenoid valve, 9 pneumatic valve, 10 injector housing, 11 injector plate, 12 combustion chamber housing, 13 front combustion chamber insulation, 14 combustion chamber insulation, 15 fuel cartridge, 16 rear combustion chamber insulation, 17 spray tube, 18 aluminum sheet, 19 solid propellant, 20 internal hexagonal nut.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention relates to a solid-liquid hybrid engine, comprising: the extrusion gas cylinder 1, the pressure reducing valve 2, the flow regulating valve 3, the oxidant storage tank front end 4, the oxidant storage tank wall 5, the oxidant storage tank rear end 6, the custom aluminum pipe 7, the electromagnetic valve 8, the pneumatic valve 9, the injector housing 10, the injection plate 11, the combustion chamber housing 12, the front combustion chamber heat insulation layer 13, the combustion chamber heat insulation layer 14, the fuel grain 15, the rear combustion chamber heat insulation layer 16, the spray pipe 17, the aluminum sheet 18, the solid propellant 19 and the internal hexagonal nut 20. The front end enclosure and the rear end enclosure of the oxidant storage tank are fixed with the cylindrical section of the storage tank by using screws, the injector and the spray pipe are fixed on the bulkhead of the combustion chamber by using screws, the extrusion gas cylinder 1 is connected with the oxidant storage tank by the pressure reducing valve 2 and the flow regulating valve 3, the oxidant storage tank is connected with the injector by an oxidant conveying system, and the combustion chamber consists of a combustion chamber shell 12, a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer 13, a combustion chamber heat insulating layer 14, a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer 16, a fuel grain 15, an igniter and a spray pipe 17.
In this example, nitrous oxide/paraffin-containing fuel was used as the propellant.
Referring to fig. 1, an extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid hybrid engine of the present invention includes an extrusion gas cylinder 1, an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant delivery pipe, and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder 1 is communicated with the inlet of an oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve 2 and a flow regulating valve 3, and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline;
the oxidant conveying pipeline comprises a pressure reducing valve 2, a flow regulating valve 3, a multi-branch aluminum pipe 7, an electromagnetic valve 8 and a pneumatic valve 9; the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through the flow regulating valve 3 and the pneumatic valve 9 in sequence, the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve 9 through the pressure reducing valve 2 and the electromagnetic valve 8 in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9 is controlled through the electromagnetic valve 8, and the on-off of a pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized through remote control; the multi-branch aluminum pipe 7 is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an oxidant quick filling connecting joint, so that the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled. After the engine starts to work, the electromagnetic valve cannot be completely closed under the high-pressure environment, so that the electromagnetic valve cannot be directly used for controlling the on-off of the oxidant conveying system, and the on-off of the pipeline is controlled by adopting a mode of combining the electromagnetic valve and the pneumatic valve. The gas in the oxidant storage tank is depressurized through the depressurization valve 2 and flows through the electromagnetic valve 8, when the electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the gas flowing through the electromagnetic valve 8 closes the pneumatic valve 9, and the pipeline is disconnected; when the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the pneumatic valve is opened and the pipeline is communicated. The electromagnetic valve 8 controls the on-off of the pneumatic valve 9, and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized by remote control.
The combustion chamber adopts a combined design, an injector and a spray pipe 17 are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the combustion chamber through radial screws, and annular grooves are formed in the installation peripheral surfaces of the injector and the spray pipe 17 and used for placing O-shaped rings to form radial pressure sealing. Compared with the flange connection and the threaded connection mentioned in the background art, the flange can be omitted, the wall thickness of the chamber wall of the combustion chamber can be effectively reduced, the purpose of reducing the negative quality is achieved, and meanwhile, the assembly is convenient. The combustion chamber was made of a 164mm outer diameter and 5.5mm thick 6061-T6 aluminum tube with 3mm thick glass/cotton/phenolic insulation placed in the front and rear combustion chambers, respectively.
Referring to fig. 2, the injector comprises an injector housing 10 and an injector plate 11, wherein the injector housing 10 is of a horn-shaped structure, a small-diameter end is in sealing connection with a pneumatic valve 9, and a large-diameter end is coaxially provided with the injector plate 11 and is connected with a housing of a combustion chamber; the ignition device is provided at the small diameter end of the injector housing 10, and is used for controlling the flow of the oxidant and the ignition of the fuel cartridge 15 in the combustion chamber, thereby realizing the start of the engine. The injector housing 10 is made of 7075-T6 aluminum, and the injection plate is made of CDA110 copper to form an 11mm thick injection plate 11, and a 4mm thick glass/cotton/phenolic insulation layer is placed inside the injector housing due to the high copper thermal conductivity coefficient.
Referring to fig. 2, the ignition device includes an aluminum sheet 18, a solid propellant 19, and an internal hexagonal nut 20; the aluminum sheet 18 is coaxially arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell 10, one end face of the aluminum sheet, which faces the pneumatic valve 9, is limited by a boss arranged on the inner wall of the injector shell 10 along the circumferential direction, and the other end of the aluminum sheet is matched with the inner hexagonal nut 20 to clamp and fix the solid propellant 19; the aluminum sheet 18 isolates the oxidant from the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber, and the solid propellant 19 generates high-temperature fuel gas to melt the aluminum sheet 18 after ignition, so that the circulation of the oxidant is realized, and the fuel grain 15 in the combustion chamber is ignited under the action of the high-temperature fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow. The solid propellant is required to adopt a modified double-base grain, and the grain has the characteristics of large gas forming amount and high burning speed, can support aluminum sheets, quickly disappears after burning, and provides a large amount of fuel gas.
Referring to fig. 3, the combustion chamber includes a combustion chamber housing 12, a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer 13, a combustion chamber heat insulating layer 14, a fuel column 15, and a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer 16, and the combustion chamber heat insulating layer 14 is provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber housing 12; the fuel cartridge 15 is coaxially installed in the combustion chamber housing 12, and is provided with a front combustion chamber heat insulating layer 13 and a rear combustion chamber heat insulating layer 16 at both ends thereof, respectively.
The spray pipe 17 is made of EN19T steel alloy and is axially and sequentially divided into a convergent section, a spray pipe throat section and an expansion section; the convergent section is made of carbon/phenolic aldehyde, the divergent section is made of high silica/phenolic aldehyde, and the throat part of the spray pipe is made of graphite; the nozzle housing is sleeved around the expanding section and the converging section of the nozzle 17. The convergent section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a horn-shaped inner cavity, and the peripheral surface of the convergent section is sequentially provided with a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step along the axial direction; the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the spray pipe shell is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with the first step and the second step of the convergence section of the spray pipe 17; the expansion section of the spray pipe 17 is of a cylindrical structure with a horn-shaped inner cavity, and the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the expansion section is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a third step and a fourth step of the convergence section of the spray pipe 17; the inner peripheral surface of the rear end of the nozzle housing is fixed with the expansion section of the nozzle 17 by screws. The steps and the step grooves, the throat and the expansion section and the throat and the convergence section in the spray pipe 17 are sealed by sealant to prevent gas leakage.
Referring to fig. 4, the oxidant storage tank comprises an oxidant storage tank front end 4, an oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 and an oxidant storage tank rear end 6, wherein two ends of the oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 are respectively in sealing connection with the oxidant storage tank front end 4 and the oxidant storage tank rear end 6; the front end socket 4 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the flow regulating valve 3, and the rear end socket 6 of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the oxidant conveying pipeline.
The thrust chamber assembly process comprises the following steps: the nozzle 17 is connected to the combustion chamber housing 12 by screws, sealed with fluororubber O-rings, the post-combustion chamber insulation 16 is placed into the combustion chamber housing 12, and then the fuel pellet 15 with the combustion chamber insulation 14 is loaded (the pellet 15 is poured into the combustion chamber insulation 14 in advance), and the pre-combustion chamber insulation 13 is loaded. The ignition device is fixed between the injector injection plate 11 and the injector shell 10, the ignition wire is led out through the pore canal of the injector injection plate 11 and the spray pipe 17, the injector is connected with the combustion chamber shell 12 by using screws, and the air tightness of the engine is ensured to be good by using the fluororubber O-shaped ring.
The overall assembly process of the solid-liquid hybrid engine comprises the following steps: the oxidant storage tank filled with nitrous oxide and the extrusion gas cylinder 1 are prepared, O-shaped sealing rings are arranged at the connecting ends of the valve, the gas cylinder and the injector, and the connection is ensured to be reliable and the tightness is good finally by compacting the fluororubber O-shaped sealing rings.
When the standby instruction of the engine is issued, the pressure reducing valve 2 and the flow regulating valve 3 are opened, and the engine enters a standby state. After the formal working instruction is issued, the solid propellant 19 is ignited, and the generated high-temperature fuel gas enters a combustion chamber to heat the paraffin-containing fuel grain 15; at the same time, the aluminum sheet 18 is melted at the temperature released during the combustion of the solid propellant 19, so that the circulation of the oxidant is realized, the oxidant enters the combustion chamber to perform combustion reaction with the fuel grain 15, and the ignition action is completed.
After the ignition of the engine is finished, the liquid nitrous oxide flowing out of the oxidant storage tank is atomized by the injector, enters the combustion chamber, and is combusted with paraffin-containing fuel to generate high-temperature fuel gas, and the high-temperature fuel gas is accelerated by the spray pipe to generate thrust.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An extrusion type oxidant supply solid-liquid hybrid engine is characterized in that: comprises an extrusion gas cylinder (1), an oxidant storage tank, an oxidant conveying pipeline and a combustion chamber; the outlet of the extrusion gas cylinder (1) is communicated with the inlet of an oxidant storage tank through a pressure reducing valve (2) and a flow regulating valve (3), and the outlet of the oxidant storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through an oxidant conveying pipeline;
the oxidant conveying pipeline comprises a pressure reducing valve (2), a flow regulating valve (3), a multi-branch aluminum pipe (7), an electromagnetic valve (8) and a pneumatic valve (9); the inlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe (7) is communicated with the outlet of the oxidant storage tank, the first outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber through the flow regulating valve (3) and the pneumatic valve (9) in sequence, the second outlet of the multi-branch aluminum pipe is communicated with the pneumatic valve (9) through the pressure reducing valve (2) and the electromagnetic valve (8) in sequence, the on-off of the pneumatic valve (9) is controlled through the electromagnetic valve (8), and the on-off of the pipeline of the oxidant conveying system is realized through remote control;
an injector and a spray pipe (17) are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the combustion chamber through screws; the injector comprises an injector shell (10) and an injector plate (11), wherein the injector shell (10) is of a horn-shaped structure, the small-diameter end is in sealing connection with the pneumatic valve (9), and the large-diameter end is coaxially provided with the injector plate (11) and is connected with the shell of the combustion chamber; the injector and the spray pipe (17) are respectively and fixedly connected with the shell of the combustion chamber by adopting radial mounting screws, and annular grooves are formed in the mounting peripheral surfaces of the injector and the spray pipe (17) and are used for placing O-shaped rings to form radial pressure sealing;
the ignition device is arranged at the small diameter end of the injector shell (10) and is used for controlling the circulation of an oxidant and the ignition of a fuel grain (15) in the combustion chamber so as to realize the starting of an engine;
the ignition device comprises an aluminum sheet (18), a solid propellant (19) and an internal hexagonal nut (20); the aluminum sheet (18) is coaxially arranged at the small-diameter end of the injector shell (10), one end face of the aluminum sheet, which faces the pneumatic valve (9), is limited by a boss circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the injector shell (10), and the other end of the aluminum sheet is matched with the inner hexagonal nut (20) to clamp and fix the solid propellant (19); the aluminum sheet (18) isolates the oxidant from the fuel grain (15) in the combustion chamber, the solid propellant (19) generates high-temperature fuel gas after ignition to melt the aluminum sheet (18) so as to realize the circulation of the oxidant, and the fuel grain (15) in the combustion chamber is ignited under the action of the high-temperature fuel gas and the oxidant gas flow.
2. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the injector shell (10) is made of 7075-T6 aluminum, and a glass/cotton/phenolic aldehyde heat insulation layer is arranged in the injector shell; the material of the injection plate (11) is CDA110 copper, and the thickness is 11mm.
3. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the spray pipe (17) is made of EN19T steel alloy and is axially and sequentially divided into a convergent section, a spray pipe throat section and an expansion section; the convergent section is made of carbon/phenolic aldehyde, the divergent section is made of high silica/phenolic aldehyde, and the throat part of the spray pipe is made of graphite; the nozzle housing is sleeved on the periphery of the expansion section and the convergence section of the nozzle (17).
4. The extrusion oxidant fed solid liquid hybrid engine of claim 3, wherein: the convergent section of the spray pipe (17) is of a cylindrical structure with a horn-shaped inner cavity, and the outer peripheral surface of the convergent section is sequentially provided with a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step along the axial direction; the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the spray pipe shell is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with the first step and the second step of the convergence section of the spray pipe (17); the expansion section of the spray pipe (17) is of a cylindrical structure with a horn-shaped inner cavity, and the inner peripheral surface of the front end of the expansion section is provided with a first step groove and a second step groove which are respectively matched with a third step and a fourth step of the convergence section of the spray pipe (17); the inner peripheral surface of the rear end of the spray pipe shell is fixed with the expansion section of the spray pipe (17) through screws.
5. The extrusion oxidant fed solid liquid hybrid engine of claim 4, wherein: the steps and the step grooves, the throat and the expansion section and the throat and the convergence section in the spray pipe (17) are sealed by using a sealant to prevent gas leakage.
6. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber shell (12), a front combustion chamber heat insulation layer (13), a combustion chamber heat insulation layer (14), a fuel grain (15) and a rear combustion chamber heat insulation layer (16), wherein the combustion chamber heat insulation layer (14) is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell (12); the fuel grain (15) is coaxially arranged in the combustion chamber shell (12), and the front combustion chamber heat insulation layer (13) and the rear combustion chamber heat insulation layer (16) are respectively arranged at two ends of the fuel grain.
7. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the oxidant storage tank comprises an oxidant storage tank front end enclosure (4), an oxidant storage tank cylindrical section 5 and an oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure (6), and two ends of the oxidant storage tank cylindrical section (5) are respectively and hermetically connected with the oxidant storage tank front end enclosure 4 and the oxidant storage tank rear end enclosure (6); the front end enclosure (4) of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the flow regulating valve (3), and the rear end enclosure (6) of the oxidant storage tank is connected with the oxidant conveying pipeline.
8. The extruded oxidant-fed solid-liquid hybrid engine of claim 1, wherein: the multi-branch aluminum pipe (7) is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an oxidant quick filling connecting joint, so that the oxidant can be filled before the engine is assembled or after the engine is assembled.
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