CN114320393A - Supporting structure, tunneling system and tunneling method - Google Patents
Supporting structure, tunneling system and tunneling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114320393A CN114320393A CN202210007658.XA CN202210007658A CN114320393A CN 114320393 A CN114320393 A CN 114320393A CN 202210007658 A CN202210007658 A CN 202210007658A CN 114320393 A CN114320393 A CN 114320393A
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a supporting structure, a tunneling system and a tunneling method, wherein the supporting structure comprises the following components: the supporting mechanism is arranged at the front end of the frame bridge body, and the supporting mechanisms are distributed along the frame edge of the frame bridge body; the supporting mechanism comprises slotting tool equipment, the slotting tool equipment comprises a slotting tool bit, a slotting tool main shaft and a slotting tool motor, the slotting tool bit is installed at the front end of the slotting tool main shaft, and the slotting tool motor is connected with the slotting tool main shaft and used for driving the slotting tool main shaft to rotate. The invention solves the technical problem of difficult subsurface excavation of shallow soil covering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction, in particular to a supporting structure, a tunneling system and a tunneling method.
Background
In the jacking engineering of the frame structure bridge of the underpass railway, the distance between a prefabricated concrete bridge body structure and the bottom of a railway track is usually 0.8-1 m, which belongs to the range of shallow soil covering, and when the railway does not have the longitudinal and transverse beam reinforcing condition, underpass channel construction is difficult.
For projects which are not allowed to be constructed by open-cut excavation methods, the existing pressure balance type shield or pipe jacking machine needs to meet the condition of covering soil with the diameter or height of 0.8 time, and open equipment cannot be constructed under the condition of shallow covering soil. Therefore, the underground excavation work of the shallow soil is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a supporting structure, a tunneling system and a tunneling method, and aims to solve the technical problem that underground excavation operation of shallow soil is difficult.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the present invention provides a supporting structure, including: the supporting mechanism is arranged at the front end of the frame bridge body, and the supporting mechanisms are distributed along the frame edge of the frame bridge body;
the supporting mechanism comprises slotting tool equipment, the slotting tool equipment comprises a slotting tool bit, a slotting tool spindle and a slotting tool motor, the slotting tool bit is installed at the front end of the slotting tool spindle, and the slotting tool motor is connected with the slotting tool spindle and used for driving the slotting tool spindle to rotate.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the supporting mechanisms are provided on the top of the frame bridge body, and the plurality of the supporting mechanisms are distributed along the width direction of the frame bridge body.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the supporting mechanisms are provided on a side wall of the frame-type bridge body, and the plurality of the supporting mechanisms are distributed along a height direction of the frame-type bridge body.
In a preferred embodiment, the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting hydraulic cylinder, and the supporting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the slotting tool equipment and is used for driving the slotting tool equipment to move back and forth.
In a preferred embodiment, at least one of said bracing mechanisms comprises a skid plate mechanism; the sliding plate mechanism comprises a sliding track and an inserting plate, the inserting plate can be slidably arranged on the sliding track, and the supporting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the inserting plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the slotting tool apparatus includes a spiral slag tapping device mounted to the slotting tool spindle.
In a preferred embodiment, the support mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame-type bridge body by anchor bolts, or the support mechanism is welded to the frame-type bridge body.
In a preferred embodiment, the frame bridge includes a left block including a vertical portion and a lateral portion connected to a right side of a top end of the vertical portion, a combined block including a vertical portion and a lateral portion connected to a left side of a top end of the vertical portion, and a right block including a lateral portion.
The invention provides a tunneling system, comprising: excavator and foretell supporting construction, the front end of frame structure bridge body is equipped with the operation chamber, the excavator set up in the operation chamber.
The invention provides a tunneling method, which adopts the tunneling system and comprises the following steps: the supporting structure supports a soil body, and the excavator excavates.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
in the supporting structure, each supporting mechanism can independently move, so that each slotting tool device enters the soil body step by step. This supporting construction has the advantage: (1) the top plate support is divided into a plurality of long small blocks, each small block is supported in sequence, and the friction force between the top support and the soil body is converted into the friction force between each small block and the soil body, so that the soil body disturbance is reduced; compared with a jacking method, the large section is divided into a plurality of small units, so that the friction force is small when the units are jacked, the requirement on the jacking force of the hydraulic cylinder is small, and the construction level requirement and the construction cost are reduced; (2) when the supporting mechanism is pushed forward, the slotting tool equipment cuts the soil body, so that the soil body disturbance is reduced, and the ground surface sedimentation probability is reduced; (3) the supporting structure is formed by combining a plurality of supporting mechanisms, and the supporting mechanisms can be combined according to the section size and the section shape, so that the adaptive capacity is improved, and the limitation is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a tunneling system provided by the present invention;
figure 1b is a side cross-sectional view of a supporting structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2a is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 a;
fig. 2b is a side schematic view of the top of the support structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 3a is a schematic front view of a roof in a supporting structure provided by the invention;
FIG. 3B is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3 a;
figure 4 is an exploded view of a bracing mechanism in a bracing structure provided by the present invention;
figure 5 is a schematic forward view of a supporting structure of the supporting structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a slotting cutter device in a supporting structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 b-6 c are schematic structural views of another embodiment of the slotting tool equipment in the supporting structure provided by the invention;
fig. 7 is an exploded view of a framed bridge in a supporting structure provided by the present invention;
figures 8 a-8 b are schematic side wall constructions according to another embodiment of the support structure provided by the present invention;
figure 9a is a schematic view of a portion of a supporting structure provided by the present invention;
FIGS. 9 b-9C are enlarged partial views of FIG. 9a at C;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the supporting structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the top of the support structure provided by the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
10. the frame constructs the bridge body; 101. the frame constructs the top of the bridge body; 102. the frame forms a side wall of the bridge body;
11. a left block; 12. a right block; 13. combining the blocks; 14. a middle block; 151. a vertical portion; 152. a transverse portion;
20. a support mechanism; 201. supporting the box body; 202. anchor bolts;
21. a hydraulic cylinder is supported; 211. a push rod connecting ring; 212. an oil cylinder connecting ring;
30. a slotting tool device; 31. a slotting tool bit; 32. a slotting tool spindle; 33. a slotting tool motor; 34. a slotting tool transmission mechanism; 35. a knife inserting cylinder; 36. a spiral slag discharging device; 37. a slag outlet;
40. a slide plate mechanism;
41. a sliding track; 411. a sliding cavity;
42. inserting plates; 421. a triangular portion; 431. i-shaped steel; 432. a sliding body;
44. an antifriction grouting pipeline; 45. a hollow space;
50. an excavator; 51. an operating chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The inventor finds that in the construction of the frame-structured bridge, the frame-structured bridge body 10 is prefabricated in advance, an excavator 50 is adopted to excavate a tunnel face during construction, the upper part of the tunnel face is easy to collapse, and slopes are easy to be released on two sides of the tunnel face; after the tunnel face is excavated, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the frame bridge to be pushed forward, the top and the side of the frame bridge may be in direct contact with the soil body, and the pushing resistance is increased; the use limitation exists, and the adaptation can not be carried out according to the size of the section; the device does not have side soil body support, so that the safety is not guaranteed; the soil body needs to be excavated by the excavator 50, and the supporting mechanism 20 is inserted in the supporting process, so that collapse is easy to occur, and the efficiency is low.
Scheme one
The present invention provides a supporting structure, as shown in fig. 1a to 11, comprising: the supporting mechanism 20 is mounted at the front end of the frame bridge 10, and the supporting mechanisms 20 are distributed along the frame edge of the frame bridge 10; the supporting mechanism 20 comprises a slotting tool device 30, the slotting tool device 30 comprises a slotting tool bit 31, a slotting tool spindle 32 and a slotting tool motor 33, the slotting tool bit 31 is mounted at the front end of the slotting tool spindle 32, and the slotting tool motor 33 is connected with the slotting tool spindle 32 and used for driving the slotting tool spindle 32 to rotate.
In the supporting structure, the slotting tool bit 31 is driven by the slotting tool motor 33 to rotate to cut the soil body, and the slotting tool equipment 30 enters the soil body in front of the frame bridge 10 to support the soil body, so that the safety of shallow soil covering and subsurface excavation operation is guaranteed.
Each support means 20 is independently movable to allow each slotting tool apparatus 30 to be moved into the earth in steps. This supporting construction has the advantage: (1) the top plate support is divided into a plurality of long small blocks, each small block is supported in sequence, and the friction force between the top support and the soil body is converted into the friction force between each small block and the soil body, so that the soil body disturbance is reduced; compared with a jacking method, the large section is divided into a plurality of small units, so that the friction force is small when the units are jacked, the requirement on the jacking force of the hydraulic cylinder is small, and the construction level requirement and the construction cost are reduced; (2) when the supporting mechanism 20 is pushed forward, the slotting tool equipment 30 cuts the soil body, so that the soil body disturbance is reduced, and the ground surface sedimentation probability is reduced; (3) the supporting structure is formed by combining a plurality of supporting mechanisms 20, and the supporting mechanisms 20 can be combined according to the section size and the section shape, so that the adaptive capacity is improved, and the limitation is reduced.
The frame-type bridge 10 may be formed by pouring reinforced concrete, and has a reinforcing and supporting function to prevent the soil body from collapsing on the cross section after excavation, as shown in fig. 1a, an operation cavity 51 is provided at a middle wall position at the front end of the frame-type bridge 10, and is used as an operation space of the excavator 50, so as to facilitate excavation by the excavator 50. The slotting tool equipment 30 is not installed at the rear end of the frame bridge 10, and the rear end of the frame bridge 10 is connected with a jacking hydraulic cylinder which can be driven by the jacking hydraulic cylinder to jack towards the side to be excavated.
The distribution positions of the supporting mechanisms 20 on the frame bridge 10 can be arranged according to construction needs, for example: a plurality of bracing mechanisms 20 may be distributed along the top or side edges of the rim of the framed bridge 10. The top edge of the frame bridge 10 extends along the width direction of the frame bridge 10, and the side edge of the frame bridge 10 extends along the height direction of the frame bridge 10. As shown in fig. 1 a-1 b, a top 101 of the frame-type bridge body is provided with a plurality of supporting mechanisms 20, the plurality of supporting mechanisms 20 are distributed along the width direction of the frame-type bridge body 10, and the plurality of supporting mechanisms 20 at the top are configured to support the top; the side wall 102 of the framed bridge body is provided with a plurality of supporting mechanisms 20, the plurality of supporting mechanisms 20 are distributed along the height direction of the framed bridge body 10, and the plurality of supporting mechanisms 20 of the side wall are configured to support the side wall.
The slotting tool device 30 in the timbering mechanism 20 is disposed in the front-rear direction and is located at the front end of the frame bridge 10. In one embodiment, the support mechanism 20 and the frame bridge 10 are driven by the jacking cylinder to jack toward the side to be excavated.
In one embodiment, the bracing mechanism 20 includes a bracing cylinder 21, and the bracing cylinder 21 is connected to the slotting cutter device 30 for driving the slotting cutter device 30 to move forward and backward. The supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 drives the slotting tool equipment 30 to move forwards, and top soil can be supported in advance.
In particular, the bracing means 20 of the top 101 of the framed bridge comprises a bracing hydraulic cylinder 21, and/or the bracing means 20 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge comprises a bracing hydraulic cylinder 21. For example: the supporting mechanism 20 of the top 101 of the frame-constructed bridge body and the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-constructed bridge body are respectively provided with a supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, the top supports the top soil body in advance, and the side wall supports the side soil body in advance, so that the safety of shallow-covering and underground-digging operation is favorably ensured. Preferably, as shown in fig. 1b, the supporting mechanism 20 of the top 101 of the framed bridge body includes a supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge body is not provided with the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, the slotting tool equipment 30 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge body moves forward along with the framed bridge body 10 and is inserted into the soil body, the side wall supports support the side soil body, the top supports advance support the top soil body, soil body collapse is effectively prevented, safety and efficiency are improved, and safety of shallow-covering and underground-digging operation is guaranteed.
In one embodiment, at least one bracing mechanism 20 includes a skid plate mechanism 40. In particular, the bracing mechanism 20 of the top 101 of the framed bridge comprises a skid plate mechanism 40, and/or the bracing mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge comprises a skid plate mechanism 40. Preferably, as shown in fig. 9 a-9 c, the bracing mechanism 20 of the top 101 of the frame-constructed bridge body comprises a sliding plate mechanism 40, and the bracing mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-constructed bridge body is not provided with the sliding plate mechanism 40. As shown in fig. 2a, 2b, 4 and 11, the slide plate mechanism 40 includes a slide rail 41 and an insertion plate 42, the insertion plate 42 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 41, and the support hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected to the insertion plate 42.
The slotting tool equipment 30 and the sliding plate mechanism 40 can be pushed forwards under the action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, and the slotting tool equipment 30 synchronously rotates to cut soil. The inserting plate 42 and the sliding rail 41 can realize relative sliding under the jacking action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, and before the excavator 50 excavates, the inserting plate 42 is inserted into the soil in advance to play a role of pre-supporting.
The plurality of inserting plates 42 are distributed along the width direction of the frame bridge body 10, the top plate is divided into a plurality of long small block-shaped inserting plates 42, and the inserting plates 42 at the top sequentially support each small block. The sliding plate mechanism 40 in each supporting mechanism 20 converts the friction force between the upper equipment and the top bridge and the soil body into the friction force between each inserting plate 42 and the soil body, thereby reducing the disturbance of the soil body; because the large section is divided into a plurality of small units, the friction force is small when the units are jacked, and the requirement on the jacking force of the hydraulic cylinder is small. The plurality of inserting plates 42 are distributed along the width direction of the frame-structured bridge body 10 and are decomposed into a plurality of small units, when the frame-structured bridge works, the supporting hydraulic cylinders 21 of the supporting mechanisms 20 are sequentially pushed in, and the inserting plates 42 are sequentially inserted into the soil body, so that the friction force of the soil body inserted each time is reduced, and the flow of the soil body above is reduced.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the top sliding plate mechanism 40, the inserting plate 42 is located above the sliding rail 41, and the inserting plate 42 is connected with the slotting cutter device 30 as a whole. In one embodiment, the insert plate 42 includes a sliding body 432 and an i-beam 431, steel plates are respectively connected to upper and lower sides of the i-beam 431, the sliding body 432 is disposed at a lower side of the steel plate at a lower side of the i-beam 431, and the sliding body 432 is slidably engaged with the sliding rail 41 to guide the insert plate 42 to move along the sliding rail 41.
In one embodiment, the sliding track 41 is provided with a sliding cavity 411, the slotting tool device 30 is arranged in the sliding cavity 411, and the slotting tool device 30 is guided by the sliding cavity 411, so that the slotting tool device 30 and the sliding plate mechanism 40 can be pushed in more smoothly.
As shown in fig. 2b and fig. 4, in the supporting mechanism 20 at the top 101 of the frame-structured bridge body, the inserting plate 42 is located above the slotting tool device 30, and the inserting plate 42 supports the soil above, which is beneficial to shallow soil covering and subsurface excavation construction. Furthermore, the front end of the inserting plate 42 is provided with a triangular part 421, so that the inserting plate 42 can be inserted into the soil under the jacking action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21. As shown in fig. 5, a hollow space 45 is arranged inside the i-beam 431, the support mechanism 20 comprises an antifriction grouting pipeline 44, the antifriction grouting pipeline 44 is arranged in the hollow space 45, a hole communicated with the antifriction grouting pipeline 44 is formed in the top surface of the inserting plate 42, when the inserting plate 42 is pushed in, antifriction liquid can be pumped into the antifriction grouting pipeline 44, and the antifriction liquid is injected above the i-beam 431 through the antifriction grouting pipeline 44, so that the friction force between the inserting plate 42 and a soil body can be reduced, and the disturbance of the soil body above the inserting plate 42 can be reduced. Each inserting plate 42 is a smooth steel plate, and meanwhile, the propelling friction force is reduced under the action of the antifriction liquid; when the top inserting plate 42 is in work, each supporting mechanism 20 works in sequence, the working load of a single supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 is reduced, the disturbance of the inserting plate 42 to the soil body in the sliding process is reduced, the surface settlement is reduced, the soil body collapse risk is reduced, and the safe top inserting plate 42 supporting is realized. The friction reducing fluid may be a friction reducing slurry.
Further, as shown in figure 2b, the extension of the slotting cutter head 31 to the front side of the insertion plate 42 facilitates the cooperation of the insertion plate 42 with the slotting cutter device 30 for smooth insertion into the earth mass.
As shown in fig. 6a and 6b, the slotting tool device 30 includes a slotting tool cylinder 35, the slotting tool cylinder 35 is sleeved outside the slotting tool spindle 32, the slotting tool bit 31 cuts the soil, the slotting tool cylinder 35 enters the soil along with the slotting tool spindle 32, and the slotting tool cylinder 35 protects the slotting tool spindle 32 and supports the soil. The slotting cutter device 30 comprises a slotting cutter transmission mechanism 34, and the slotting cutter main shaft 32 is connected with a slotting cutter motor 33 through the slotting cutter transmission mechanism 34.
The slag discharging mode of the slotting tool equipment 30 on the side wall is left and right slag discharging, and slag can be discharged from cavity openings on the left and right sides of the slotting tool equipment 30 on the side wall.
In the slotting tool equipment 30 at the top, most of the unearthing mode is lower slag discharging; a portion of the top slotting cutter device 30, the lower portion of which abuts the side wall, as shown in fig. 8a and 8b, is provided with a slag outlet 37 at the bottom of the portion of the slotting cutter device 30, and the slag enters the side wall slotting cutter device 30 through the slag outlet 37 for slag discharge.
In one embodiment, the slotting tool equipment 30 comprises a spiral slag discharging device 36, the spiral slag discharging device 36 is mounted on the slotting tool spindle 32, and spiral soil discharging is carried out through the spiral slag discharging device 36, so that the mechanical excavation soil discharging efficiency is improved, the soil body flowing is reduced, and the ground surface settlement probability is reduced. As shown in fig. 6a and 6b, the spiral slag tapping device 36 is nested in the slotting cutter device 30, the spiral slag tapping device 36 is located in a central position of the slotting cutter device 30, and both the spiral slag tapping device 36 and the slotting cutter head 31 are mounted on the slotting cutter main shaft 32.
As shown in fig. 2 b-3 b, the timbering mechanism 20 includes a support housing 201, and the slide rail 41 is connected to the support housing 201. One end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected with the slotting tool equipment 30 through a push rod connecting ring 211, and the other end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected with the supporting box body 201 through a cylinder connecting ring 212. Specifically, the push rod connecting ring 211 is connected with the slotting tool equipment 30 through a pin shaft, the oil cylinder connecting ring 212 is connected with the supporting box body 201 through a pin shaft, and the slotting tool equipment 30 can be pushed forwards under the action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21. Further, the supporting mechanism 20 comprises two supporting hydraulic cylinders 21, and the two supporting hydraulic cylinders 21 are distributed on two sides of the slotting tool equipment 30, so that the slotting tool equipment 30 can be smoothly jacked forwards.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8a, the bracing mechanism 20 is fixed to the frame bridge 10 by anchor bolts 202, or the bracing mechanism 20 is welded to the frame bridge 10. The supporting mechanisms 20 are independent from each other, the supporting mechanisms 20 can be arranged according to the shape or the size of the cross section, and the adaptability is good.
In the supporting structure shown in fig. 1 a-11, the supporting mechanism 20 of the top part 101 of the frame bridge body comprises a slotting tool device 30 and a sliding plate mechanism 40, and the slotting tool device 30 and the sliding plate mechanism 40 are both connected with a supporting hydraulic cylinder 21; the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-structured bridge body comprises the slotting tool equipment 30, and the sliding plate mechanism 40 and the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 are not arranged.
Whether the timbering mechanism 20 includes the slide plate mechanism 40 or the timbering cylinder 21 may be set according to construction needs. For example: as an embodiment, the supporting mechanism 20 of the top 101 of the frame-structured bridge body comprises a slotting tool device 30 and a supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, and the sliding plate mechanism 40 is not arranged; the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-structured bridge body comprises a supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, a slotting tool device 30 and a sliding plate mechanism 40. As another embodiment, the supporting mechanism 20 of the top 101 of the frame-structured bridge body and the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-structured bridge body each include a supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, a slotting tool device 30 and a sliding plate mechanism 40, respectively; or the supporting mechanism 20 at the top 101 of the frame-structured bridge body and the supporting mechanism 20 at the side wall 102 of the frame-structured bridge body both comprise the slotting tool equipment 30, and the sliding plate mechanism 40 and the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 are not arranged.
In the supporting structure shown in fig. 1a to 11, a auger drilling machine is used as the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge body, and a milling head is used as the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge body. In another embodiment, the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge is a milling head, and the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge is a screw drill. In another embodiment, the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge and the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge both use milling heads. In another embodiment, the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge and the slotting tool device 30 in the supporting mechanism 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge are both screw drills.
As shown in fig. 9 a-9 c, the bracing mechanisms 20 disposed at the corners of the top 101 and the side walls of the framed bridge are identical to the bracing mechanisms 20 of the top 101 of the framed bridge. As shown in fig. 10, the bracing mechanisms 20 disposed at the top 101 and the corners of the side walls of the framed bridge are the same as the bracing mechanisms 20 of the side walls 102 of the framed bridge.
As shown in fig. 1b, a plurality of supporting mechanisms 20 of the side wall 102 of the framed bridge body are vertically distributed, and the rear ends of the supporting mechanisms 20 are aligned. As another embodiment, as shown in fig. 8a and 8b, a plurality of supporting mechanisms 20 of the side wall 102 of the frame-type bridge body are arranged in a step-like manner in the vertical direction.
In one embodiment, the framed bridge 10 includes a left block 11, a combination block 13, and a right block 12, the left block 11 including a vertical portion 151 and a lateral portion 152 connected to a right side of a top end of the vertical portion 151, the right block 12 including a vertical portion 151 and a lateral portion 152 connected to a left side of a top end of the vertical portion 151, and the combination block 13 including a lateral portion 152. To the horizontal portion 152 and the vertical portion 151, 1 or more support mechanisms 20 are connected, respectively. The frame bridge 10 adopts a modular design, and the size of the whole frame bridge 10 is changed by combining different modules to match and excavate tunnels with different sizes. As shown in fig. 7, the frame bridge 10 includes a middle block 14, and the middle block 14 includes a vertical portion 151 and a horizontal portion 152 connected to the top end of the vertical portion 151. The supporting structure adopts a block combination technology, can be quickly adapted to different sections, and reduces the limitation. The supporting structure is suitable for a construction method of a tunnel passing through a railway downwards, combines the characteristics of a railway system, solves the problem of passing through high-speed rails, urban railways and other projects downwards, and has positive significance.
Scheme two
The invention provides a tunneling system, comprising: as shown in fig. 1a, the excavator 50 and the support structure described above have an operation chamber 51 provided at the front end of the frame bridge 10, and the excavator 50 is provided in the operation chamber 51. In the excavation system, the frame bridge 10 is used as a support, the excavator 50 excavates, and the support mechanism 20 assists excavation and supports. The tunneling system has the functions and advantages of the supporting structure, and the detailed description is omitted.
Specifically, the tunneling system can adopt an open shield working mode.
Scheme three
The invention provides a tunneling method, which adopts the tunneling system and comprises the following steps: the supporting structure supports the soil mass and the excavator 50 excavates the soil mass. In the tunneling method, the slotting tool equipment 30 enters the soil body in front of the frame bridge 10 to support the soil body, so that the soil body is effectively prevented from collapsing, the safety is improved, and the efficiency is improved.
Further, the tunneling method comprises the following steps:
(1) the supporting mechanism 20 at the top takes the frame bridge 10 as a fulcrum, the supporting hydraulic cylinders 21 are sequentially jacked in groups, the slotting tool equipment 30 at the top is synchronously excavated, the cut soil body is sent to a slag discharge hole by the spiral slag discharge device 36 and naturally falls along with gravity, and the anti-friction liquid is synchronously injected into the rear part of the slotting tool equipment 30, so that the friction force between the slotting plate 42 and the soil body is reduced, and the disturbance to the soil body at the top is reduced;
(2) in the top supporting mechanism 20, the inserting plate 42 and the slotting tool equipment 30 reach a preset position under the jacking action of the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21, so as to play a role of supporting a top soil body;
(3) the jacking hydraulic cylinder pushes the frame-structured bridge body 10 and the slotting tool equipment 30 of the side wall to be pushed forwards together, the slotting tool equipment of the side wall excavates the tunnel face, and the spiral slag discharging device 36 conveys excavated slag backwards;
(4) after the slotting tool equipment 30 of the side wall is tunneled to the top hydraulic cylinder to complete one process step, the frame-structured bridge body 10 is fixed; when the jacking hydraulic cylinder advances, the supporting hydraulic cylinder 21 retracts synchronously relative to the frame bridge 10;
(5) after the soil body supporting is finished, the excavator 50 excavates the tunnel face under the support of the supporting mechanism 20 at the top;
(6) after the excavator 50 finishes one working step, the above-mentioned process is repeated.
With the driving of the jacking hydraulic cylinder, the frame bridge 10 advances, and the top support equipment and the side wall support equipment penetrate into the soil in advance, so that the soil is always supported.
The above description is only a few embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention according to the disclosure of the application document without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A supporting structure, comprising: the supporting mechanism is arranged at the front end of the frame bridge body, and the supporting mechanisms are distributed along the frame edge of the frame bridge body;
the supporting mechanism comprises slotting tool equipment, the slotting tool equipment comprises a slotting tool bit, a slotting tool spindle and a slotting tool motor, the slotting tool bit is installed at the front end of the slotting tool spindle, and the slotting tool motor is connected with the slotting tool spindle and used for driving the slotting tool spindle to rotate.
2. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the supporting mechanisms are provided at the top of the framed bridge body, and are distributed in the width direction of the framed bridge body.
3. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the framed bridge body is provided with a plurality of the supporting mechanisms, which are distributed in a height direction of the framed bridge body.
4. The support structure of claim 1, wherein the support mechanism comprises a support hydraulic cylinder connected to the slotting tool device for driving the slotting tool device back and forth.
5. The support structure of claim 4, wherein at least one of the support mechanisms comprises a skid plate mechanism;
the sliding plate mechanism comprises a sliding track and an inserting plate, the inserting plate can be slidably arranged on the sliding track, and the supporting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the inserting plate.
6. The support structure of claim 1, wherein the slotting tool apparatus includes a spiral slag tapping device mounted to the slotting tool spindle.
7. The support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the support mechanism is fixedly secured to the framed bridge body by anchor bolts, or the support mechanism is welded to the framed bridge body.
8. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the framed bridge body includes a left block including a vertical portion and a lateral portion connected to a right side of a top end of the vertical portion, a composite block including a vertical portion and a lateral portion connected to a left side of a top end of the vertical portion, and a right block including a lateral portion.
9. A tunneling system, comprising: an excavator and the supporting structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an operation cavity is provided at a front end of the frame bridge, and the excavator is disposed in the operation cavity.
10. A tunneling method using the tunneling system according to claim 9, comprising: the supporting structure supports a soil body, and the excavator excavates.
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