CN114319556A - Concealed water purification drainage ditch and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Concealed water purification drainage ditch and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114319556A CN114319556A CN202210184905.3A CN202210184905A CN114319556A CN 114319556 A CN114319556 A CN 114319556A CN 202210184905 A CN202210184905 A CN 202210184905A CN 114319556 A CN114319556 A CN 114319556A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of municipal drainage, in particular to a hidden water purification drainage ditch and a construction method thereof. The drainage ditch comprises a drainage ditch body, wherein water filtering stones are laid on the top of the drainage ditch body, the drainage ditch body is arranged in a foundation soil layer, a supporting filter plate is arranged in the middle layer of the drainage ditch body, the supporting filter plate divides the drainage ditch body into a top filter layer and a bottom water passing layer, and the water filtering stones comprise fine filtering broken stones and coarse filtering broken stones. The construction steps of the invention include design calculation, drain body prefabrication, measurement setting-off, earthwork excavation, substrate detection and leveling, drain body installation, filter material laying and earthwork backfilling. The invention combines the drainage ditch with the sponge concept, is suitable for sponge city construction, improves the water quality at the water quality source, prevents pollution transfer, increases the overflow function, can cross the filter layer when needing quick drainage, increases the drainage efficiency, is wholly buried underground, only has a small part exposed, and reduces environmental pollution and landscape damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of municipal drainage, in particular to a hidden water purification drainage ditch and a construction method thereof.
Background
The concept of sponge cities is actively popularized in various regions of China, all levels of cities are integrated with the concept of building the sponge cities in different degrees in the Development process, LID (Low Impact Development) facilities are adopted to fully and reasonably utilize rainwater, the sponge cities have good elasticity in the aspects of adapting to environmental changes, responding to natural disasters caused by rainwater and the like, and therefore the sponge cities can also be called as water elasticity cities, and the water treatment of the sponge cities comprises various requirements of seepage, stagnation, storage, purification, use, discharge and the like.
At present, the functions of seepage, stagnation and storage in the water treatment of sponge cities are relatively perfect, but a plurality of defects still exist in the aspects of purification and drainage. Untreated rainwater is collected through a drainage ditch and directly discharged into a municipal rainwater well, particularly initial rainwater collected at places such as squares and the like which are easily polluted by non-point sources can form point source or non-point source pollution in a municipal pipe network, so that the rainwater in the rainwater pipe network can reach the discharge standard after further treatment or treatment process improvement; in sponge cities or common cities, the sudden increase of rainwater often causes waterlogging disasters, and when the disasters occur, the accumulated water needs to be quickly discharged and treated; the directly exposed sewer pipe opening can emit odor and breed bacteria and mosquitoes, and the urban sanitation is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hidden water purification drainage ditch and a construction method thereof, aiming at purifying rainwater in time when the rainwater flows into a drainage pipeline, improving drainage efficiency and reducing the influence of the drainage pipeline on urban landscape and sanitation.
On the one hand, the hidden water purification drainage ditch adopts the following technical scheme that:
this hidden water purification escape canal, including the escape canal body, drainage building stones have been laid at escape canal body top, the escape canal body sets up in the subsoil, escape canal body top keeps level with both sides LID facility top, escape canal body intermediate level is provided with the support filter plate, support the filter plate and divide into two parts of top filter layer and the bottom water layer of crossing with the escape canal body, drainage building stones are including carefully straining rubble and coarse filtration rubble.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, filter reduction aquatic impurity through laying drainage building stones at drainage ditch body top to the water that flows in drainage pipe, the carefully strain the rubble and the roughly strain the rubble carries out dual filtration to the water, and the roughly strain the rubble clearance great simultaneously, can absorb moisture fast, and the at utmost does not influence the drainage ability when providing filtering capability.
Preferably, overflow plates are arranged on two sides of the top of the drainage ditch body, a water passing groove is formed between each overflow plate and the drainage ditch body, the top of the water passing groove is communicated with the filter layer through a top water passing sieve, and the bottom of the water passing groove is communicated with the water containing layer through a bottom water passing sieve.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the overflow board is used for the overflow of drainage, need in time discharge when rainfall increase suddenly, and the top of accessible overflow board is crossed the water screen and is crossed the water screen at the bottom and directly discharged into drainage ditch body bottom from the basin, increases municipal drainage system and faces the anti-waterlogging ability of strong precipitation.
Preferably, the filter layer still includes the filtration earthing, the setting of filtration earthing is between the meticulous rubble of straining and the roughly filtration rubble, roughly filtration rubble is at the top.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, filtering the earthing and being favorable to adhering to and carefully straining rubble and coarse filtration rubble, reducing and carefully straining rubble and coarse filtration rubble and adulterate each other, influence the filter effect, filter the earthing simultaneously and be favorable to improving the filter effect, have the effect of moisturizing and reduction water evaporation.
Preferably, a permeable geotextile is laid between the support filter plate and the filter layer, two sides of the permeable geotextile extend to be tightly attached to the inner side of the drainage ditch body, and the support filter plate is placed on a support block on the inner side surface of the drainage ditch body.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the geotechnological cloth that permeates water is used for the separation drainage building stones to fall into the bottom of drainage ditch body, and the tray is used for the installation to support the filter plate, easy to assemble and dismantles and support the filter plate.
Preferably, the drainage ditch body top is provided with the drainage plate, drainage plate outside border is fixed at LID facility top, the inside border downwarping of drainage plate is inside towards the drainage ditch body.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the drainage plate is used fixed gutter body to prevent it from sinking, has the effect of drainage water guide simultaneously, enlarges the diversion area, and the guide rivers flow into the filter layer and filter.
On the other hand, the invention provides a construction method of a hidden water purification drainage ditch, which comprises the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the cross section area of the drainage ditch according to the local precipitation intensity and precipitation quantity of the construction site, prefabricating a drainage ditch body in sections according to the cross section shape of the designed drainage ditch, measuring and setting out the drainage ditch body on the site, and marking the construction site and the construction interval;
step two: carrying out earthwork excavation according to the marked construction site and construction interval, carrying out leveling treatment on the formed substrate after the earthwork excavation is finished, and detecting the depth and gradient of the substrate;
step three: mounting the prefabricated drainage ditch body in the substrate, detecting the angle and height between the drainage ditch body and the ground after the mounting is finished, and adjusting the drainage ditch body to be parallel to the ground of the LID facility and the top of the drainage ditch body to be level to the ground of the LID facility;
step four: sequentially installing and laying a support filter plate, a permeable geotextile, fine filter crushed stone and coarse filter crushed stone in the installed and adjusted drainage ditch body, wherein the top of the coarse filter crushed stone is flush with the ground of the LID facility, and detecting the water passing efficiency of the installed drainage ditch;
step five: and backfilling earthwork at the edge of the top of the drainage ditch body, repairing the earthwork structure at the edge and tamping the earthwork structure to be flat.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rationally install drainage pipe, effectively promote the ability of sponge city drainage and water purification, detect each item parameter of basement slot earlier during the installation, guarantee installation drainage pipe's precision and firm degree, avoid demolising the rework, install the drainage ditch body and lay multiple filter material at drainage ditch body top, water purification function when increasing the drainage, and the filter material is natural material, can be fine must integrate into the city view.
Preferably, the leveling treatment in the second step includes floating soil removal and sand filling leveling, and the horizontal straightness of the substrate is detected before the leveling treatment.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, get rid of the loose soil of floating originally, lay comparatively closely knit sand and soil, reduce the drainage pipe after the installation and sink, detect the straightness accuracy of basement and prevent that the deviation from appearing when the installation from influencing the installation quality.
Preferably, before the drainage ditch body is installed, the drainage ditch body is transported to the side of the base groove, and waterproof glue is coated at the interface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the waterproof glue is coated at the joint part due to the sectional assembly, so that the water leakage and water seepage are reduced.
Preferably, the fine-filtered gravel and the coarse-filtered gravel are cleaned and screened before being laid, and filtering soil covering is laid between the fine-filtered gravel and the coarse-filtered gravel during laying.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fine filtering crushed stone and the coarse filtering crushed stone after being cleaned and screened can keep a good filtering effect for a longer time, the purified water quality is further improved, the filtering covering soil can absorb part of filtering impurities, and a good environment is provided for decomposing the impurities by microorganisms.
Preferably, when the earthwork is backfilled, weeds, tree roots and stone blocks are removed firstly, and when the edge is repaired, the backfilled soil is stuffed into a gap between the drainage ditch body and the base groove and the redundant backfilled soil is removed.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, repair the border and prevent that the border from damaging the drainage ditch body because sink and soil body separation form the gap, let drainage pipe and better integration of environment simultaneously.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. through laying drainage stone material at drainage ditch body top and filtering reduction aquatic impurity to the water that flows into drainage pipe, the carefully strain the rubble and the roughly strain the rubble and carry out dual filtration to the water, roughly strain the rubble clearance simultaneously great, can absorb moisture fast, the at utmost does not influence the drainage ability when providing filtering capability.
2. Rationally install drainage pipe, effectively promote the ability of sponge city drainage and water purification, detect each item parameter of basement slot earlier during the installation, guarantee installation drainage pipe's precision and firm degree, avoid demolising the rework, installation drainage ditch body and lay multiple filter material at drainage ditch body top, the water purification function when increasing the drainage, and the filter material is natural material, can be fine must integrate into the city view.
3. The drainage ditch combines the drainage ditch with the sponge concept, is suitable for sponge city construction, improves water quality at a water quality source, prevents pollution transfer, realizes source control of pollution, increases an overflow function, can cross a filter layer when rapid drainage is needed, increases drainage efficiency, is wholly buried underground, only a small part is exposed, and reduces environmental pollution and landscape damage.
4. The prefabricated drainage ditch body is made of steel, so that the drainage ditch is quickly installed, the whole construction process is simplified, the time cost and the energy cost are reduced, the service life of the whole drainage ditch is prolonged, and the use safety is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gutter structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of FIG. 1 from another perspective;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the construction and installation of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 3.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the drainage ditch comprises a drainage ditch body, 11, overflow plates, 111, a bottom water passing sieve, 112, a top water passing sieve, 113, a drainage plate, 114, a support block, 12, a support filter plate, 2, permeable geotextile, 3, fine filter crushed stone, 4, filter soil covering, 5, rough filter crushed stone, 6, LID facilities, 7 and a foundation soil layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-4.
Example 1:
the embodiment of the invention discloses a hidden water purification drainage ditch, which comprises a drainage ditch body 1, wherein water filtering stones are laid on the top of the drainage ditch body 1, the drainage ditch body 1 is arranged in a foundation soil layer 7, the top of the drainage ditch body 1 is level to the tops of LID facilities 6 on two sides, a supporting filter plate 12 is arranged in the middle layer of the drainage ditch body 1, the drainage ditch body 1 is divided into a top filter layer and a bottom water passing and containing layer by the supporting filter plate 12, and the water filtering stones comprise fine filtering gravels 3 and coarse filtering gravels 5.
A construction method of a hidden water purification drainage ditch comprises the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the cross section area of the required drainage ditch according to the local rainfall intensity and the rainfall amount of the construction site, prefabricating a drainage ditch body 1 in sections according to the cross section shape of the designed drainage ditch, measuring and paying off on site and marking the construction site and the construction interval, wherein the larger the rainfall intensity and the rainfall amount is, the larger the cross section area of the required drainage ditch is;
step two: carrying out earthwork excavation according to the marked construction site and construction interval, carrying out leveling treatment on the formed substrate after the earthwork excavation is finished, and detecting the depth and gradient of the substrate;
step three: the prefabricated drainage ditch body 1 is installed in the base, the angle and the height between the drainage ditch body 1 and the ground are detected after the installation is finished, the drainage ditch body 1 is adjusted to be parallel to the ground of the LID facility 6, and the top of the drainage ditch body is leveled to the ground of the LID facility 6;
step four: sequentially installing and paving a support filter plate 12, a permeable geotextile 2, fine filter crushed stones 3 and coarse filter crushed stones 5 in the installed and adjusted drainage ditch body 1, wherein the tops of the coarse filter crushed stones 5 are flush with the ground of the LID facility 6, and detecting the water passing efficiency of the installed drainage ditch;
step five: and backfilling earthwork at the top edge of the drainage ditch body 1, repairing the earthwork structure at the edge and tamping to be flat.
Example 2:
on the basis of example 1, the following are added:
referring to fig. 1-4, overflow plates 11 are arranged on two sides of the top of the drainage ditch body 1, a water passing groove is formed between each overflow plate 11 and the drainage ditch body 1, the top of the water passing groove is communicated with the filter layer through a top water passing sieve 112, and the bottom of the water passing groove is communicated with the water containing layer through a bottom water passing sieve 111.
The drainage ditch body 1 and the overflow plate 11 are made of metal materials or reinforced cement materials.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the filtering layer further includes a filtering casing 4, the filtering casing 4 is disposed between the fine crushed filter stones 3 and the coarse crushed filter stones 5, and the coarse crushed filter stones 5 are at the topmost portion.
The coarse crushed stones 5 are positioned near the top water passing screen 112, the top of the coarse crushed stones exceeds the water passing screen 112 and is flush with the top of the ground of the LID facility 6, and the bottom of the coarse crushed stones extends into the position 10-20cm below the water passing screen 112.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a permeable geotextile 2 is laid between the support filter plate 12 and the filter layer, two sides of the permeable geotextile 2 extend to cling to the inner side of the drainage ditch body 1, and the support filter plate 12 is placed on a support block 114 on the inner side of the drainage ditch body 1.
The geotextile 2 with good water permeable effect and difficult fracture and hole breakage is selected.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a drainage plate 113 is arranged on the top of the drainage ditch body 1, the outer edge of the drainage plate 113 is fixed on the top of the LID device 6, and the inner edge of the drainage plate 113 is bent downwards to face the inside of the drainage ditch body 1.
Example 3:
on the basis of the embodiment 1 or 2, the following components are added:
when the earth is excavated, a bucket with the same shape as the section of the drainage ditch body 1 is adopted, and a one-time ploughing and excavating mode is adopted.
And step two, leveling treatment comprises removing floating soil and filling sand for leveling, and the horizontal straightness of the substrate is detected before the leveling treatment.
When the sand filling is leveled, a rammer with the same shape as the base is adopted for ramming, or a roller with the same shape as the base is adopted for rolling and ramming.
Before the drainage ditch body 1 is installed, the drainage ditch body 1 is firstly transported to the side of the substrate groove, and waterproof glue is smeared at the interface.
And after the installation is finished, coating the sealant at the gap and flattening the surface of the sealant.
The fine filtering crushed stone 3 and the coarse filtering crushed stone 5 are cleaned and screened before being laid, and filtering soil covering is laid between the fine filtering crushed stone 3 and the coarse filtering crushed stone 5 during laying.
And fifthly, removing weeds, tree roots and stones during the earth backfilling, filling backfilled soil into the gap between the drainage ditch body 1 and the base groove during edge repairing, and removing redundant backfilled soil.
Example 4:
on the basis of the examples 1, 2 or 3, the following are added:
the fine filtering macadam 3 and the filtering earthing soil 4 are paved in a stacking arrangement mode by independently bagging.
Set up in the 113 outside edges of drainage plate at drainage ditch body 1 top and strain the mud groove, strain the mud groove and be uncovered sun ditch, can carry out preliminary sedimentation when rivers are out of date, reduce silt and flow into drainage pipe, increase drainage pipe's filtration burden.
The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a hidden water purification escape canal, includes escape canal body (1), its characterized in that: drainage stones are laid on the top of the drainage ditch body (1), the drainage ditch body (1) is arranged in a foundation soil layer (7), and the top of the drainage ditch body (1) is flush with the tops of LID facilities (6) on two sides;
the middle layer of the drainage ditch body (1) is provided with a supporting filter plate (12), and the supporting filter plate (12) divides the drainage ditch body (1) into a top filter layer and a bottom water passing layer;
the water filtering stones comprise fine filtering crushed stones (3) and coarse filtering crushed stones (5).
2. The concealed water purification drain ditch according to claim 1, wherein: overflow plates (11) are arranged on two sides of the top of the drainage ditch body (1), a water passing groove is formed between each overflow plate (11) and the drainage ditch body (1), the top of the water passing groove is communicated with the filter layer through a top water passing sieve (112), and the bottom of the water passing groove is communicated with the water containing layer through a bottom water passing sieve (111).
3. The concealed water purification drain ditch according to claim 1, wherein: the filter layer is still including filtering earthing (4), it sets up between fine filtration rubble (3) and coarse filtration rubble (5) to filter earthing (4), coarse filtration rubble (5) are at the top.
4. The concealed water purification drain ditch according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting filter plate is characterized in that a permeable geotextile (2) is laid between the supporting filter plate (12) and the filter layer, two sides of the permeable geotextile (2) extend to be tightly attached to the inner side of the drainage ditch body (1), and the supporting filter plate (12) is placed on a support block (114) on the inner side surface of the drainage ditch body (1).
5. The concealed water purification drain according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein: the drainage ditch is characterized in that a drainage plate (113) is arranged at the top of the drainage ditch body (1), the outer side edge of the drainage plate (113) is fixed at the top of the LID facility (6), and the inner side edge of the drainage plate (113) bends downwards to face the inside of the drainage ditch body (1).
6. The construction method of the hidden water purification drainage ditch is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the cross section area of the required drainage ditch according to the local precipitation intensity and precipitation quantity of the construction site, prefabricating a drainage ditch body (1) in sections according to the cross section shape of the designed drainage ditch, measuring and setting out the drainage ditch body on site, and marking a construction site and a construction interval;
step two: carrying out earthwork excavation according to the marked construction site and construction interval, carrying out leveling treatment on the formed substrate after the earthwork excavation is finished, and detecting the depth and gradient of the substrate;
step three: the prefabricated drainage ditch body (1) is installed inside the base, the angle and the height between the drainage ditch body (1) and the ground are detected after the installation is finished, the drainage ditch body (1) is adjusted to be parallel to the ground of the LID facility (6), and the top of the drainage ditch body is leveled to the ground of the LID facility (6);
step four: sequentially installing and laying a support filter plate (12), a permeable geotextile (2), fine filter crushed stones (3) and coarse filter crushed stones (5) in the installed and adjusted drainage ditch body (1), wherein the tops of the coarse filter crushed stones (5) are flush with the ground of the LID facility (6), and detecting the water passing efficiency of the installed drainage ditch;
step five: and (3) backfilling earthwork at the top edge of the drainage ditch body (1), repairing the earthwork structure at the edge and tamping to be flat.
7. The construction method of the concealed water purification drainage ditch according to claim 6, wherein: and step two, leveling treatment comprises removing floating soil and filling sand for leveling, and the horizontal straightness of the substrate is detected before the leveling treatment.
8. The construction method of the concealed water purification drainage ditch according to claim 6, wherein: before the drainage ditch body (1) is installed, the drainage ditch body (1) is firstly transported to the side of the substrate groove, and waterproof glue is smeared at the interface.
9. The construction method of the concealed water purification drainage ditch according to claim 6, wherein: the fine filtering macadam (3) and the coarse filtering macadam (5) are cleaned and screened before being laid, and filtering soil covering is laid between the fine filtering macadam (3) and the coarse filtering macadam (5) during laying.
10. The construction method of the concealed water purification drainage ditch according to claim 6, wherein: and fifthly, removing weeds, tree roots and stones during the earth backfilling, filling backfilled soil into the gap between the drainage ditch body (1) and the base groove during edge repairing, and removing redundant backfilled soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210184905.3A CN114319556B (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2022-02-28 | Concealed type water purification drainage ditch and construction method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210184905.3A CN114319556B (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2022-02-28 | Concealed type water purification drainage ditch and construction method thereof |
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| CN114319556A true CN114319556A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
| CN114319556B CN114319556B (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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| KR20040046578A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-05 | 성영건설 주식회사 | The construction method of drain and bottom of building using mixed rubbernized asphalt with polyurethan resin and stainless drain |
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| CN114319556B (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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