CN114317984A - A method for selective zinc immersion using cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a selective zinc dipping method utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy, belonging to the technical field of hydrometallurgy. The method of the invention adopts the steps of classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust sludge, synthesis of ionic liquid, and selective leaching of zinc. In the method of the invention, a special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to pretreat the zinc-containing dust and sludge to obtain fine-grained zinc-rich dust and sludge, which is beneficial to the efficient leaching of zinc, and at the same time helps to open and disperse the flocs in the zinc-containing dust and sludge; The liquid and ultrasonic synergistic leaching system has the ability to selectively dissolve ZnO, and the obtained zinc-containing leaching solution has high purity, which overcomes the problems of complex components and difficult separation in the traditional leaching system.

Description

A method for selective zinc immersion using cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, in particular to a selective zinc dipping method utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's industry, the demand for zinc resources in various fields has continued to increase. The proportion of my country's zinc consumption in global zinc consumption has increased from 15.18% in 2000 to more than 50% in 2020, with a total output of 642%. tons. At present, the recovery of zinc from zinc-containing waste is becoming an important way to obtain zinc resources. As a typical waste, zinc-containing dust sludge has become an important source of raw materials for recycled zinc with the rapid development of the iron and steel industry. However, zinc-containing waste has a wide range of sources, huge differences in quality, and is easily caused by secondary pollution and resource waste, which makes the regeneration process difficult. Therefore, the development of a green, efficient and clean leaching technology for zinc-containing sludge resource utilization is of great significance.

For leaching and extracting zinc from zinc-containing waste, the current common methods are acid leaching and alkali leaching, but acid leaching dissolves zinc and also dissolves a large amount of iron, calcium and other metal substances in zinc-containing dust sludge, resulting in subsequent impurity removal. The process is complicated; when using alkaline leaching, since the alkaline solution can only dissolve the zinc oxide in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and a small part of the zinc ferrite cannot be dissolved, and the ammonia is volatile, a higher zinc leaching rate cannot be obtained. At the same time, acid and alkali are both corrosive to a certain extent, which will cause corrosion of instruments and equipment during the treatment process, especially when recovering useful minerals from solid waste, the secondary pollution caused by the above technology application is limited. Ionic liquid is a kind of liquid formed by the self-association of hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor by accepting or donating electrons after the hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor are mixed in a certain stoichiometric ratio. Eutectic mixture, liquid at room temperature. As a new type of green ionic liquid, it has excellent physical and chemical properties such as biodegradability, low price, no purification, and 100% atomic utilization in the synthesis process. Ultrasonic treatment refers to the process of using the energy generated by ultrasonic waves to change and accelerate the physical and chemical states of the reacting substances and accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

Most of the zinc-containing dust sludge comes from the smoke and dust discharged in the iron and steel production process. The wet dust removal method is mostly used for the treatment of this part of the smoke and dust. In this process, organic chemicals are required to flocculate and agglomerate the dust. Therefore, most of the zinc-containing dust sludge is in the form of clusters. The content of each valuable element in the different particle size groups in the zinc-containing dust sludge is different. Among them, more than 80% of zinc exists in the -15um fine-grained grade, and other valuable elements such as iron and carbon exist in the +40um coarse-grained grade. The use of hydrocyclone to classify and pre-treat zinc-containing dust sludge is not only conducive to the efficient extraction of valuable metal elements, but also to the opening and dispersion of flocs.

Different metal oxides have different solubility in different ionic liquids. The cavitation effect, impact effect, and micro-jet effect of ultrasonic can reduce the thickness of the boundary layer and increase the interface reaction area, and at the same time can widen the chemical reaction channel and speed up the chemical reaction. Strengthen the transfer process of substances. The above characteristics of ionic liquids and ultrasound make them more and more applications in the field of separation, especially in the field of metal leaching and extraction.

In the existing zinc-containing dust sludge leaching technology, the conventional acid or ammonia leaching process agent has problems such as high leaching agent cost, difficult to store, poor leaching selectivity, low leaching rate, easy to cause secondary pollution and complex reaction conditions. Therefore, researching and developing a method with simple leaching process, high leaching rate, low price of leaching agent, easy preparation and good leaching selectivity, and applying it to the efficient leaching of zinc-containing waste is the key solution for researchers in this field. The problem.

Therefore, a selective zinc immersion method using cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy was designed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that existing conventional acid or ammonia leaching process agents have problems such as high leaching agent cost, difficult to preserve, poor leaching selectivity, low leaching rate, easy to cause secondary pollution and complex reaction conditions. A method for selective zinc dipping using cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for selective zinc leaching utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy, comprising the following steps:

S1: Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: use special-shaped hydrocyclone to classify and enrich zinc-containing dust and sludge, fine-grained and intermediate-grade high-zinc dust and sludge are used for leaching and extraction of zinc, and coarse-grained dust and sludge are used for zinc leaching and extraction. Low zinc dust sludge is used for the extraction of other valuable metals such as iron and carbon;

S2: Synthesis of ionic liquid: place a certain amount of hydrogen bond acceptor choline chloride and hydrogen bond donor in a vacuum drying oven for drying, and massage the dried hydrogen bond acceptor choline chloride and hydrogen bond donor The molar ratio is 1:2-4, put it into a beaker after fully mixing, and place it in a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying to obtain a uniform and transparent solution;

S3: Selective leaching of zinc-containing dust and sludge: ions and zinc-containing dust and sludge are mixed according to a certain liquid-solid ratio, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment. After ultrasonic treatment, the leaching reaction is carried out in a constant temperature water bath. After the reaction, solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain high-purity zinc-containing dust. Leachate.

Preferably, the classification area of the hydrocyclone is composed of a cylindrical section and two conical sections with different cone angles, and adopts a concentric double overflow pipe structure, and the depth of the inner overflow pipe is adjustable; The dust sludge is graded and enriched, and the graded particle size is 0.018mm. The fine-grained and intermediate-grade high-zinc dust and sludge are used for leaching and extraction of zinc, and the coarse-grained low-zinc dust and sludge are used for the extraction of other valuable metals such as iron and carbon.

Preferably, the drying box is set to parameters: 353K, -0.05MPa, and drying for 12h.

Preferably, the hydrogen bond acceptor is choline chloride; the hydrogen bond donor is one or more of malonic acid, thiourea, ethylene glycol, urea, and hydrated oxalic acid.

Preferably, in the leaching process, the solid-liquid ratio of the ionic liquid to the zinc-containing dust sludge is 1:4-20, and the ionic liquid used as the leaching agent is the hydrogen bond acceptor choline chloride and the hydrogen bond donor in a molar ratio of 1: 2-4 mixed to obtain.

Preferably, in the ultrasonic treatment, the ultrasonic probe is placed 1.5-2 cm below the liquid surface, the ultrasonic frequency is 20Khz, the ultrasonic power is 300-600W, the diameter of the horn is 3-18mm, and the ultrasonic time is 30-60min.

Preferably, the leaching reaction temperature is 70-100° C., the solid-liquid reaction time is 10-60 minutes, and the stirring rate is 200-400 rpm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for selective zinc dipping using cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy, which has the following beneficial effects:

The invention uses ultrasonic to treat the mixture of ionic liquid and zinc-containing dust sludge, strengthens the degree and rate of liquid-solid two-phase reaction, the zinc leaching rate can reach more than 95%, the leaching efficiency is high, the reaction temperature is low, and the liquid-solid ratio is low, and the obtained High-purity zinc-containing leaching solution reduces the production cost of recovered zinc.

The invention uses the chlorinated choline acid ionic liquid as the leaching agent, can leaching zinc from the zinc-containing dust sludge containing multiple components, and has high selectivity to the valuable metal zinc. The other components are basically insoluble, and the selective extraction of zinc is realized.

The present invention applies the ionic liquid to zinc-containing dust sludge to extract zinc, and synthesizes the ionic liquid as the metallurgical dust sludge leaching agent. Causes secondary pollution. Compared with the traditional leaching agent, the choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid synthesized by the present invention has simple synthesis and preparation process, low raw material price, non-toxic and pollution-free, and can be recycled after a certain treatment. Green and safe production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the molecular structure diagram after the optimization of the choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid synthesized by the present invention;

2 is a schematic process flow diagram of a specific embodiment of a method for selectively leaching zinc from zinc-containing dust sludge using a hydrocyclone-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are in units of weight, and the equipment and raw materials used can be purchased from the market or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art.

A method for selective zinc leaching utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasonic synergy, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Zinc-containing dust and sludge pretreatment: use special-shaped hydrocyclone to classify and enrich zinc-containing dust and sludge, fine-grained and intermediate-grade high-zinc dust and sludge are used for leaching and extraction of zinc, and coarse-grained low-zinc dust and sludge are used for zinc leaching and extraction. Extraction of other valuable metals such as iron and carbon.

(2) Synthesis of ionic liquid: a certain amount of choline chloride and malonic acid were placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying, and the parameters were set: 353K, -0.05MPa, 12h. Take the dried choline chloride and malonic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2 and fully mix them, put them into a beaker, and place them in a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying to obtain a uniform and transparent solution.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the ionic liquid and zinc-containing dust and sludge are mixed according to a certain liquid-solid ratio, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment. After ultrasonication, the leaching reaction is carried out in a constant temperature water bath. Zinc leaching solution;

The hydrocyclone is a special-shaped cyclone with a multi-section cone angle design. The grading area is composed of a cylindrical section and two cone sections with cone angles of 45° and 120° respectively. Tube depth is adjustable.

Ultrasonic treatment refers to applying high-energy ultrasonic waves to the mixture of ionic liquid and zinc-containing dust, where the ultrasonic probe is placed 1-2cm below the liquid surface, the ultrasonic frequency is 20Khz, the ultrasonic power is 300-600W, and the diameter of the horn is 3-18mm. .

The ultrasonic treatment of the present invention can change the physical and chemical properties of the reactants, reduce the cover of impurities to the target reactants, and is beneficial to the improvement of the reaction rate; the dosage of ionic liquid is reduced, and the zinc leaching rate in the zinc-containing dust sludge is improved. Different ultrasonic parameters have different effects on the leaching rate of zinc. The ultrasonic probe is placed 1.5 cm below the liquid-solid mixture surface, the diameter of the horn is 10 mm, and the ultrasonic power is 450 W, and the zinc leaching rate is the highest.

In the leaching and separation of the present invention, after fully mixing the zinc-containing dust sludge containing various components with the ionic liquid, after ultrasonic treatment, the liquid-solid two phases are fully mixed and reacted. Selective leaching of zinc from zinc dust sludge, thereby increasing the purity of zinc in the leachate. In the method of the invention, the synthetic preparation process of the ionic liquid is simple, the cost is low, the leaching selectivity is good, the leaching process is green, efficient and pollution-free, and is suitable for industrial production and application.

The present invention can be applied to different types of zinc-containing dusts and zinc-containing dusts obtained under various dust-removing conditions. The zinc-containing dusts in the following examples are different in iron and steel smelting processes and dust-removing conditions. Metal content varies.

The following examples take iron and steel metallurgical dust sludge as an object, and the content of main element components in the metallurgical dust sludge is as follows:

The above-mentioned zinc-containing waste is pretreated with a ball mill, and the particle size composition after the grinding pretreatment is as follows:

Example 1:

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and malonic acid to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract the zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

Zinc-containing dust and sludge classification and enrichment: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

Ionic liquid synthesis: Dry a certain amount of choline chloride and malonic acid, put it into a vacuum drying oven, set the drying oven temperature to 353K, the relative vacuum degree to -0.05Mpa, and the drying time to 12h. The dried choline chloride and malonic acid were weighed and added to a 1L beaker according to a molar ratio of 1:2 and fully mixed. The beaker was placed in a 353K vacuum drying oven, and allowed to stand for 12h to obtain a transparent and uniform ionic liquid at room temperature.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 8:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1.5cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 6mm, the ultrasonic power was 450w, and the ultrasonic time was 50min; after ultrasonication, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. Among them, the temperature is 80℃, the leaching time is 1h, the zinc leaching rate is 98.5%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 5%.

Example 2

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and urea to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract the zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. . The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

(2) Synthesis of ionic liquid: a certain amount of choline chloride and urea were dried and put into a vacuum drying oven. The temperature of the drying oven was set to 353K, the relative vacuum degree was -0.05Mpa, and the drying time was 12h. Weigh the dried choline chloride and urea into a 1L beaker according to the molar ratio of 1:2, and mix them thoroughly, place the beaker in a 333K vacuum drying oven, and let it stand for 12 hours to obtain a transparent and uniform ionic liquid at room temperature.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: Take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1.5 cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 6 mm, the ultrasonic power was 350 W, and the ultrasonic time was 30 min; after ultrasonic treatment, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. Selective leaching is carried out in the middle, the temperature is 60 ° C, the leaching time is 30 minutes, the zinc leaching rate is 89.5%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 15%.

Example 3

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and malonic acid to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract the zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. . The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

(2) Ionic liquid synthesis: dry a certain amount of choline chloride and malonic acid, put them into a vacuum drying oven, set the drying oven temperature to 353K, the relative vacuum degree to -0.05Mpa, and the drying time to 12h . The dried choline chloride and malonic acid were weighed and added to a 1L beaker according to a molar ratio of 1:2 and fully mixed. The beaker was placed in a 353K vacuum drying oven, and allowed to stand for 12h to obtain a transparent and uniform ionic liquid at room temperature.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 8:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1 cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 6 mm, the ultrasonic power was 500 W, and the ultrasonic time was 50 min; after ultrasonic treatment, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. , the temperature is 80℃, the leaching reaction time is 1h, the zinc leaching rate is 92.5%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 5%.

Example 4

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and malonic acid to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract the zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. . The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

(2) Ionic liquid synthesis: dry a certain amount of choline chloride and malonic acid, put them into a vacuum drying oven, set the drying oven temperature to 353K, the relative vacuum degree to -0.05Mpa, and the drying time to 12h . The dried choline chloride and malonic acid were weighed and added to a 1L beaker according to a molar ratio of 1:2 and fully mixed. The beaker was placed in a 353K vacuum drying oven, and allowed to stand for 12h to obtain a transparent and uniform ionic liquid at room temperature.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 15:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1.5cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 6mm, the ultrasonic power was 450w, and the ultrasonic time was 50min; after ultrasonication, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. The temperature is 80℃, the leaching reaction time is 1h, the zinc leaching rate is 98.8%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 5%.

Example 5

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and ethylene glycol to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. . The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

(2) Ionic liquid synthesis: dry a certain amount of choline chloride and malonic acid, put them into a vacuum drying oven, set the drying oven temperature to 353K, the relative vacuum degree to -0.05Mpa, and the drying time to 12h . Weigh the dried choline chloride and ethylene glycol according to the molar ratio of 1:2 and add them to a 1L beaker and mix thoroughly, place the beaker in a 383K vacuum drying oven, and let it stand for 12h to obtain a transparent and uniform ionic liquid at room temperature.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-ethylene glycol ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1 cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 6 mm, the ultrasonic power was 400 W, and the ultrasonic time was 45 min; after ultrasonic treatment, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. , the temperature is 80℃, the leaching reaction time is 1h, the zinc leaching rate is 90.5%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 20%.

Example 6

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and thiourea to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. . The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

(2) Synthesis of ionic liquid: A certain amount of choline chloride and thiourea were dried and put into a vacuum drying oven. The temperature of the drying oven was set to 353K, the relative vacuum degree was -0.05Mpa, and the drying time was 12h. The dried choline chloride and malonic acid were weighed and added into a 1L beaker according to the molar ratio of 1:2 and fully mixed.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 8:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1 cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 6 mm, the ultrasonic power was 500 W, and the ultrasonic time was 50 min; after ultrasonic treatment, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. , the temperature is 80℃, the leaching reaction time is 1h, the zinc leaching rate is 82.5%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 20%.

Example 7

The present embodiment uses choline chloride and malonic acid to synthesize and prepare ionic liquid leaching to extract the zinc in the zinc-containing dust sludge, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Classification and enrichment of zinc-containing dust and sludge: the special-shaped hydrocyclone is used to classify and enrich the zinc-containing dust and sludge. . The fine-grained and intermediate-grained products are used for leaching and zinc extraction after being filtered and dehydrated.

(2) Ionic liquid synthesis: dry a certain amount of choline chloride and malonic acid, put them into a vacuum drying oven, set the drying oven temperature to 353K, the relative vacuum degree to -0.05Mpa, and the drying time to 12h . The dried choline chloride and malonic acid were weighed and added to a 1L beaker according to a molar ratio of 1:2 and fully mixed. The beaker was placed in a 353K vacuum drying oven, and allowed to stand for 12h to obtain a transparent and uniform ionic liquid at room temperature.

(3) Selective leaching of zinc: take 10g of zinc-containing dust sludge sample into a 300ml conical flask, and add the prepared choline chloride-malonate ionic liquid at a liquid-solid ratio of 8:1. The liquid-solid two-phase mixture was ultrasonically treated, the ultrasonic probe was placed 1 cm below the page, the diameter of the horn was 3 mm, the ultrasonic power was 350 W, and the ultrasonic time was 40 min; after ultrasonic treatment, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath. , the temperature is 80℃, the leaching time is 1h, the zinc leaching rate is 91.5%, and the leaching rate of other components is below 5%.

In the present invention, the structure optimization and simulation calculation of the hydrogen bond acceptor and the hydrogen bond donor of the ionic liquid are carried out in combination with the Materials Studio software, which is verified by experiments.

From the effects of Example 1, Example 3 and Example 4, it can be known that the same ionic liquid synthesized by the same hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor and the molar ratio is obtained by using different ultrasonic treatment parameters and different liquid-solid ratios. The experimental results are different;

Comparing the results of Example 3 and Example 6, it can be seen that under the same ultrasonic and reaction conditions, the eutectic solution composed of different hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors, the selective leaching effect of zinc is relatively different from the leaching rate. big difference;

Comparing the results of Example 2 and Example 7, it can be seen that the same ionic liquid synthesized with the same hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor and the same molar ratio has the same selectivity effect of zinc under the same leaching reaction conditions, and the leaching effect of zinc is the same. There are big differences in rates.

After many simulation calculations and the above results, it is shown that Example 1 is the optimal condition. When choline chloride and malonic acid are synthesized in a molar ratio of 1:2, under appropriate reaction conditions, the selective leaching effect of zinc is the best. good, with the highest leaching rate.

At the same time, the selective leaching effect and leaching rate of zinc are affected by the composition of ionic liquid, ultrasonic parameters and reaction conditions. The experimental results of ionic liquids synthesized by different hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors are quite different. When the ultrasonic parameters and the leaching reaction conditions change, there will also be interactive effects between the factors.

The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent replacements or changes to the inventive concept shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for selectively soaking zinc by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: and (3) zinc-containing dust and mud grading and enriching: the zinc-containing dust and mud are enriched by a special-shaped hydrocyclone in a grading way, fine particles and middle-grade high-zinc dust and mud are used for leaching and extracting zinc, and coarse-grained low-zinc dust and mud are used for extracting other valuable metals such as iron, carbon and the like;

s2: synthesis of ionic liquid: putting a certain amount of hydrogen bond receptor choline chloride and hydrogen bond donor into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment, fully mixing the dried hydrogen bond receptor choline chloride and the dried hydrogen bond donor according to the molar ratio of 1:2-4, putting the mixture into a beaker, and putting the beaker into the vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying to obtain uniform and transparent solution;

s3: selectively leaching zinc-containing dust: mixing the ions and the zinc-containing dust mud according to a certain liquid-solid ratio, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, carrying out leaching reaction in a constant-temperature water bath kettle after the ultrasonic treatment, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after the reaction to obtain a high-purity zinc-containing leachate.

2. The method for selective zincing by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the classification area of the hydrocyclone is composed of a cylindrical section and two conical sections with different cone angles, a concentric double-overflow pipe structure is adopted, and the depth of an inner overflow pipe is adjustable;

the zinc-containing dust and mud is enriched by a hydrocyclone in a grading mode, the grading granularity is 0.018mm, fine particles and middle-grade high-zinc dust and mud are used for leaching and extracting zinc, and coarse-grained low-zinc dust and mud are used for extracting other valuable metals such as iron, carbon and the like.

3. The method for selective zincing by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the drying oven is set with parameters of 353K, -0.05MPa, and is dried for 12 h.

4. The method for selective zincing by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the hydrogen bond receptor is choline chloride; the hydrogen bond donor is one or more of malonic acid, thiourea, ethylene glycol, urea and oxalic acid hydrate.

5. The method for selective zincing by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the solid-liquid ratio of the ionic liquid to the zinc-containing dust mud in the leaching process is 1: 4-20, wherein the ionic liquid used as the leaching agent is a hydrogen bond acceptor choline chloride and a hydrogen bond donor according to a molar ratio of 1:2-4, mixing.

6. The method for selective zincing by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the ultrasonic treatment is carried out by placing an ultrasonic probe 1.5-2cm below the liquid surface, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 20Khz, the ultrasonic power is 300-600W, the diameter of an amplitude transformer is 3-18mm, and the ultrasonic time is 30-60 min.

7. The method for selective zincing by utilizing cyclone classification-ionic liquid-ultrasound synergy as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the leaching reaction temperature is 70-100 ℃, the solid-liquid reaction time is 10-60 minutes, and the stirring speed is 200-400 rpm.

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