CN114317096A - Method for extracting macadamia nut oil through enzymatic pretreatment and auxiliary hydraulic pressing - Google Patents
Method for extracting macadamia nut oil through enzymatic pretreatment and auxiliary hydraulic pressing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and auxiliary hydraulic pressing, which comprises the steps of removing green peels of harvested fresh macadamia nuts to obtain macadamia nut kernels, cleaning, drying and removing impurities by an air screen to obtain the macadamia nut kernels; then crushing to obtain nutlet particles; adding pectinase solution and pH buffer solution A, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2 hr in a thermostat at 50-60 deg.C; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining; adding cellulase solution and pH buffer solution B, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2h in a thermostat at 50-55 deg.C; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air until the water content is below 9 percent; finally, the kernels after the secondary enzymolysis are put into a squeezer to be squeezed, and macadamia nut crude oil is obtained; filtering, and removing impurities to obtain macadamia nut oil. The method adopts a double-enzyme combined hydraulic pressing method, reduces the pressing difficulty, improves the oil yield, and can better ensure the original flavor of the macadimia nuts and has good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for extracting macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance.
Background
Macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia), also known as Macadamia nut and kunskia nut, belongs to the genus Macadamia nut of the dragon of Shanglong eye. The method is native to Australia, has been popularized and planted in a plurality of provinces and cities (autonomous regions) in south China since the introduction of the 19 th century, and currently, the planting area of the main Yunnan is the widest, the Guangxi area is rapidly developing, and the planting area is rapidly increased. The oil content of the Australian nut kernels is up to 70-80%, the oil content of the soybeans and the oil content of the palms belong to bulk oil, the oil content of the soybeans is respectively 30-35% and 45-49%, and the oil content of domestic soybeans is lower. The oil content of peanuts is about 50% of common edible oil, the oil content of nuts such as almonds, cashews, tea seeds and the like is 40-50%, 35-40% and 24-30%, and the oil content of macadamia nuts is the highest in comparison. Macadamia nut oil contains unsaturated fatty acid, phytosterol, squalene, polyphenol, tocopherol and other active substances, and has the effects of reducing blood fat and heart disease risks.
The existing Australian oil preparation process research comprises a high-temperature squeezing method, a low-temperature squeezing method, a solvent extraction method, an ultrasonic auxiliary method, a supercritical extraction method, an aqueous solution method and the like, wherein the squeezing method can well retain the special flavor of the Australian nuts, and the Kuo-Congjun considers that the hydraulically squeezed Australian nut oil has the best quality but a low oil yield. The solvent leaching yield is high, but the solvent is easy to remain and pollutes the environment. The subcritical extraction has high grease extraction efficiency, is simple and convenient to operate, but has high equipment maintenance cost. The aqueous method has low cost, but low extraction efficiency and insufficient flavor of the grease. No report is found on the process research of preparing the macadamia nut oil by using enzyme assistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for extracting macadamia nut oil by hydraulic pressing assisted by enzymatic pretreatment, which combines a double-enzymatic treatment method with the hydraulic pressing method, reduces the pressing difficulty, improves the oil yield, can better ensure the original flavor of the macadamia nuts and has good quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nut kernels, cleaning and drying the macadimia nut kernels until the water content of the macadimia nut kernels is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nut kernels;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles into a container, adding pectinase liquid and pH buffer solution A, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2h in a thermostat at 50-60 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding cellulase liquid and pH buffer solution B, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2h in a thermostat at 50-55 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to the secondary enzymolysis into a squeezer for squeezing to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Preferably, the addition amount of the pectinase is 1-2.5%.
Preferably, the liquid-to-material ratio of the nut particles in the step (2) to the pH buffer solution A is 1-2:1, and the pH buffer solution A is a citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 3.8-4.5.
Preferably, the cellulase is added in an amount of 1 to 1.5%.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the liquid-to-material ratio of the nut particles to the pH buffer solution in the step (3) is 1-2:1, and the pH buffer solution B is a citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 4.8.
Preferably, the hydraulic pressing pressure is 15-20 MPa; the time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, the drying temperature in step (1) and step (3) is controlled below 95 ℃ to avoid the influence of high temperature on the effective components in the contents of the macadamia nut kernels.
Preferably, an antioxidant can be added in the enzymolysis process of the steps (3) and (4), and the using amount is 1-2%. The antioxidant is one or mixture of two of tocopherol and vitamin C. The antioxidant is added, so that the oxidation resistance can be improved, the probability of oxidation and deterioration of the grease caused by temperature change in the processes of enzymolysis, drying and subsequent squeezing is reduced and avoided, and the quality of the product is improved and guaranteed.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the tocopherol to the vitamin C is 1: 1.
The macadamia nut crude oil is subjected to conventional dehydration and deacidification interface to obtain the macadamia nut oil.
The fruit pulp left after squeezing can be further utilized as feed additive or compost treatment and the like.
The cellulase and the pectinase are purchased from Pengpo bioengineering company Limited in Nanning, and enzyme products produced by other regular enterprises in the market can also be adopted.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the present invention adopts double enzyme treatment process. The plant cell wall mainly comprises cellulose and pectin, the cellulose is used as a support, the pectin is used as a large amount of fillers, the enzyme preparation has specificity, and the cellulase and the pectinase can respectively destroy the cellulose and the pectin in the cell wall of the macadamia nut kernel, so that the oil body is fully exposed, the release of grease is jointly promoted, and the subsequent squeezing difficulty is further reduced. After the enzyme pretreatment, the hydraulic pressing mode is combined, so that the hydraulic pressing oil yield of the macadamia nut oil can be effectively improved.
2. The invention adopts a method of double-enzyme step treatment, because the proper temperature and the pH value of the two enzymes are different, the two enzymes are not suitable for being carried out simultaneously, otherwise, the oil production efficiency is influenced.
3. The oil yield of the macadamia nut oil reaches 73.5-78%, and the produced macadamia nut oil is good in quality, good in color, low in acid value and strong in oxidation resistance. The oil yield of the traditional pressing method is 50-65%. The method of the invention can effectively improve the oil yield.
4. The invention has simple operation, strong practicability and convenient popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples:
example 1
The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nuts, cleaning, drying at 95 ℃ until the water content of the nuts is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nuts;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels with the particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting 5kg of kernel particles into a container, adding 2.5% of pectinase liquid (125g), adding 2.5L of citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with pH of 3.8, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the kernel particles to the pH buffer solution is 2:1, and performing enzymolysis for 1h in a thermostat at 55 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding 1% cellulase solution (50g) and 2.5L of pH buffer solution with pH of 4.8, and performing enzymolysis for 2h in a thermostat at 50 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air (controlling the temperature at 95 ℃) until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to secondary enzymolysis into a night pressing machine, and pressing for 40min under 15MPa to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Example 2
The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nuts, cleaning, drying at 90 ℃ until the water content of the nuts is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nuts;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels with the particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting 5kg of kernel particles into a container, adding 1.5% of pectinase liquid (75g), adding 5L of citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with pH of 4.0, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the kernel particles to the pH buffer solution is 1:1, and performing enzymolysis for 2h in a thermostat at 50 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding 5L of 1.5% cellulase solution (75g) and pH buffer solution with pH of 4.8, and performing enzymolysis for 1h in a thermostat at 55 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air (the temperature is controlled at 90 ℃) until the water content is below 9%;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to secondary enzymolysis into a night pressing machine, and pressing for 30min under 20MPa to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Example 3
The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nuts, cleaning, drying at 95 ℃ until the water content of the nuts is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nuts;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels with the particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting 5kg of kernel particles into a container, adding 1.0% pectinase liquid (50g), adding 2.5L of citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with pH of 4.5, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the kernel particles to the pH buffer solution is 2:1, and performing enzymolysis for 1h in a thermostat at 60 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding 1.2% cellulase solution (60g) and 2.5L of pH buffer solution with pH of 4.8, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2h in a thermostat at 50 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air (controlling the temperature at 95 ℃) until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to secondary enzymolysis into a night pressing machine, and pressing for 30min under 15MPa to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Example 4
The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nuts, cleaning, drying at 95 ℃ until the water content of the nuts is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nuts;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels with the particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting 5kg of nut grains into a container, adding 2.5% of pectinase liquid (125g), adding 2.5L of citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 3.8, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the nut grains to the pH buffer solution is 2:1, adding 1% of tocopherol (50g), and performing enzymolysis for 1h in a thermostat at 55 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding 1% cellulase solution (50g) and 2.5L of pH buffer solution with pH of 4.8, and performing enzymolysis for 2h in a thermostat at 50 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air (controlling the temperature at 95 ℃) until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to secondary enzymolysis into a night pressing machine, and pressing for 40min under 15MPa to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Example 5
The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nuts, cleaning, drying at 95 ℃ until the water content of the nuts is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nuts;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels with the particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting 5kg of nut grains into a container, adding 2.5% of pectinase liquid (125g), adding 2.5L of citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 3.8, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the nut grains to the pH buffer solution is 2:1, adding 2% of antioxidant, wherein 50g of tocopherol and 50g of vitamin C50g, and carrying out enzymolysis for 1h in a thermostat at 55 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding 1% cellulase solution (50g) and 2.5L of pH buffer solution with pH of 4.8, and performing enzymolysis for 2h in a thermostat at 50 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air (controlling the temperature at 95 ℃) until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to secondary enzymolysis into a night pressing machine, and pressing for 40min under 15MPa to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Example 6
The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing assistance comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nuts, cleaning, drying at 95 ℃ until the water content of the nuts is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nuts;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels with the particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting 5kg of nut grains into a container, adding 2.5% of pectinase liquid (125g), adding 2.5L of citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 3.8, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the nut grains to the pH buffer solution is 2:1, adding 2% of tocopherol (50g), and carrying out enzymolysis for 1h in a thermostat at 55 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding 1% cellulase solution (50g) and 2.5L of pH buffer solution with pH of 4.8, and performing enzymolysis for 2h in a thermostat at 50 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air (controlling the temperature at 95 ℃) until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to secondary enzymolysis into a night pressing machine, and pressing for 40min under 15MPa to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the hydraulic pressing is directly adopted without the enzymolysis process of the steps (2) and (3).
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 is different from the example 1 in that the cellulose enzymolysis and the hydraulic pressing in the step (3) are directly performed after the step (1) is completed without the pectinase enzymolysis process in the step (2).
Macadamia nut crude oil prepared by the treatment methods of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 is dehydrated and deacidified according to a conventional method to obtain the macadamia nut oil, and the statistical conditions of all indexes are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 macadamia nut oils obtained by different treatments
The macadamia nut oil obtained by the method meets GB2716-2018 national standard for vegetable oil food safety, and meanwhile, as can be seen from Table 1, the oil yield of the macadamia nut oil obtained by the method is higher than that of the macadamia nut oil obtained by the method in proportion to proportion 1-2, so that the difficulty in squeezing can be effectively reduced and the oil yield can be improved by adding an enzymolysis process. Because partial fatty acid is dissociated after the heating enzymolysis process, the acid value and the peroxide value are slightly increased, the DPPH free radical clearance rate is reduced, but the product still meets the national standard. After a proper amount of antioxidant is added in the enzymolysis process, the acid value and the peroxide value are obviously reduced, and the DPPH free radical clearance rate is also improved, mainly because the antioxidant slows down the oxidation of grease.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by enzymatic pretreatment and hydraulic pressing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) treating macadamia nut kernel raw materials: removing green peels of the collected fresh macadimia nuts to obtain macadimia nut kernels, cleaning and drying the macadimia nut kernels until the water content of the macadimia nut kernels is below 2%, and removing impurities by using an air screen to obtain high-quality macadimia nut kernels;
(2) crushing kernels: crushing the treated macadamia nut kernels to obtain nut kernels;
(3) primary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles into a container, adding pectinase liquid and pH buffer solution A, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2h in a thermostat at 50-60 ℃; after the enzymolysis is finished, fishing out the kernel particles and draining;
(4) secondary enzymolysis: putting the kernel particles subjected to primary enzymolysis into a container, adding cellulase liquid and pH buffer solution B, and performing enzymolysis for 1-2h in a thermostat at 50-55 ℃; fishing out the kernel particles, and then drying the kernel particles by hot air until the water content is below 9 percent;
(5) squeezing: putting the kernels subjected to the secondary enzymolysis into a squeezer for squeezing to obtain macadimia nut crude oil;
(6) and (3) filtering and removing impurities: filtering the crude oil of the macadimia nuts, and removing impurities to obtain the crude oil of the macadimia nuts.
2. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the pectinase is 1-2.5%.
3. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feed-liquid ratio of the nut particles in the step (2) to the pH buffer solution A is 1-2:1, and the pH buffer solution A is a citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 3.8-4.5.
4. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the cellulase is 1-1.5%.
5. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feed-liquid ratio of the kernel particles to the pH buffer solution in the step (3) is 1-2:1, and the pH buffer solution B is a citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 4.8.
6. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic pressing pressure is 15-20 MPa; the time is 30-60 min.
7. The method for extracting macadamia nut oil by hydraulic pressing assisted by enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying temperature of the step (1) and the drying temperature of the step (3) are both controlled below 95 ℃.
8. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the enzymolysis process of the steps (3) and (4), adding an antioxidant with the dosage of 1-2%.
9. The method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by the hydraulic pressing assisted by the enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the antioxidant is one or mixture of two of tocopherol and vitamin C.
10. The method for extracting macadamia nut oil by hydraulic pressing assisted by enzymatic pretreatment according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the tocopherol to the vitamin C is 1: 1.
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| CN105602700A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 江苏国色天香油用牡丹科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of cold-pressed peony seed oil with high oil yield |
| CN108865415A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-23 | 太和县乐民现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of peony seed oil |
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