CN114315129A - Glaze material for ceramic appliance and treatment process of shell for glaze material - Google Patents
Glaze material for ceramic appliance and treatment process of shell for glaze material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114315129A CN114315129A CN202111663015.2A CN202111663015A CN114315129A CN 114315129 A CN114315129 A CN 114315129A CN 202111663015 A CN202111663015 A CN 202111663015A CN 114315129 A CN114315129 A CN 114315129A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic glaze, and relates to a glaze of a ceramic appliance and a treatment process of shells for the glaze, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating shells; (2) firing the shells; (3) manually grinding; (4) mechanical grinding; (5) sieving; (6) evaporating water to finish the treatment of the shell for glaze; the shell powder which can be used as a glaze raw material is obtained by processing the shell, the shell powder can form a glaze with various other raw materials, and the glaze is suitable for clay and petuntse at the same time, so that ceramic appliances with different textures are obtained, and the ceramic appliances are high in practicability, good in applicability and high in utilization rate; the used shells are the shells of the kitchen waste, so that waste is changed into valuable, and the cyclic utilization of resources is realized; the invention also provides a ceramic glaze which is few in raw materials, safe and environment-friendly; the method has the advantages of simple and feasible process, rich resources, low cost, wide application, popularization value and wide market prospect.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic glaze, and relates to a glaze of a ceramic appliance and a treatment process of shells for the glaze.
Background art:
the glaze is a colorless or colored vitreous thin layer covered on the surface of the ceramic product, and is prepared by grinding and preparing glaze slurry by matching mineral raw materials (feldspar, quartz, talc, kaolin, etc.) and other mineral raw materials according to a certain proportion (part of the raw materials can be prepared into frits firstly), applying the glaze slurry on the surface of a blank body, and calcining at a certain temperature. It can increase the mechanical strength, thermal stability and dielectric strength of the product, and also has the characteristics of beautifying the ware, being convenient for wiping and washing, being not eroded by the fishy smell of dust, etc. The glaze has various types, and is classified according to the blank, such as porcelain glaze, ceramic glaze and flint glaze; according to the firing temperature, the high-temperature glaze, the medium-temperature glaze and the low-temperature glaze can be separated; according to the appearance characteristics, the glaze can be divided into transparent glaze, opaque glaze, colored glaze, glossy glaze, dull glaze, crack glaze (flaked), frosted glaze, crystallized glaze and the like; the glaze material can be divided into lime glaze, feldspar glaze, lead-free glaze, boron glaze, lead-boron glaze and the like according to the composition of the glaze material.
In recent years, more and more researches on the production of ceramics from shells have been carried out, for example, chinese patent CN200910153148.8 discloses a treatment process for changing pearl shells and waste pearl bodies into ceramic raw materials, and also discloses a formula and a firing process for preparing domestic ceramics and glaze from powder materials prepared by the treatment process. The formula of the shell porcelain body is as follows: 17-30% of mineral powder prepared by treatment, 10-20% of porcelain clay, 45-58% of kaolin, 0-5% of quartz and 5-15% of feldspar. The formula of the shell porcelain body glaze material is as follows: 1.36 to 4 percent of mineral powder material prepared by treatment, 0.8 to 4 percent of porcelain clay, 3.6 to 11.6 percent of kaolin, 0 to 1 percent of quartz, 0.4 to 3 percent of feldspar and 80 to 92 percent of high-boron high-zinc lead-free transparent frit. The firing process of the shell porcelain comprises the following steps: the high-temperature biscuiting temperature is 1170-1220 ℃, and the low-temperature glaze firing temperature is 1050-1100 ℃; has the advantages of energy saving, consumption reduction, safety, environmental protection, economy and practicality; chinese patent CN201910608897.9 discloses a method for preparing a shell porcelain by utilizing shells and the shell porcelain. The method comprises the following steps: soaking the shell in an acetic acid solution for 1-2 min, taking out and crushing the shell into shell powder; ball milling feldspar, aluminum-silicon spinel, silicon micro powder, clay, water and shell powder according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, removing impurities after grinding, sieving, removing excessive water by pressure filtration to prepare pug with the water content of 24-25%, forming the pug into a blank, trimming, drying, glazing, and firing at 1240-1280 ℃ to obtain the shellfish porcelain. According to the invention, acetic acid is directly used as a material after soaking the shells, so that excessive calcium is prevented from entering a melt, the introduction of the silicon micropowder promotes the sintering of the blank at a low temperature, the viscosity of the melt in the blank at a high temperature is improved, the sintering temperature range of the product is expanded, and the problem of deformation of the porcelain product produced by utilizing the shells is solved. The obtained shellfish porcelain product has high finished product rate, small shrinkage rate, low water absorption and less pores. However, in these prior arts, shells are mainly used for making porcelain, not glaze, and the application of shells is limited. There is a need to develop a shell treatment process which is economical, environment-friendly and simple in process and is suitable for preparing various glazes and ceramic glazes prepared from raw materials obtained by the process.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a glaze for ceramic appliances and a treatment process of shells for the glaze, wherein the glaze prepared by taking the shells treated by a special process as a raw material can be simultaneously suitable for petuntse and clay, and has wide applicability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a treatment process of a shell for glaze, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreating shells: cleaning the kitchen residue shell, and air drying for 3-5 days to evaporate water on the surface;
(2) firing the shells: placing the shell on a test piece made of mud, placing the test piece in an air kiln for firing, wherein in the firing process, when the temperature is less than 500 ℃, the temperature rise speed is 3 ℃/min on average; when the temperature is 540-920 ℃, the average heating speed is 5-6 ℃/min. When the temperature is 920-980 ℃, the heating rate is 1-2 ℃/min, the reduction atmosphere is introduced between 960-980 ℃, the equipment is naturally heated to 1000 ℃ for strong reduction, the flame is kept for 10cm until the temperature is 1300 ℃, and the fire is turned off after 4-5 minutes;
(3) and (3) manual grinding: exposing the fired shell powder in air, oxidizing for 2-3 days, manually grinding to the size of salt grains for machine grinding, and wearing gloves during manual grinding;
(4) mechanical grinding: putting the shell powder which is manually ground into a ball milling tank, and adding water, wherein the volume ratio of the shell powder to the water is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 100 r/min, and the ball milling time is 48 hours;
(5) sieving: taking out the material mixed with the water and the powder after ball milling, putting the material into a basin, standing until excessive water floats on the surface, pouring the floating water, sieving, and sieving by a coarse sieve of 80 meshes and then by a fine sieve of 160 meshes;
(6) and (3) evaporating water: pouring the sieved material into clean and dry gypsum, exposing the gypsum to the sun for 2-3 days, drying the gypsum to absorb water, forming blocks after the raw materials are dried in the sun, grinding the blocks into powder serving as the raw materials of the glaze, and finishing the treatment of the shells for the glaze.
Further, the kitchen remainder shell is selected from at least one of fresh oyster, scallop, red clam shell and clam shell.
The invention also provides a glaze material of a ceramic utensil, which is prepared from the raw materials obtained by the treatment process of shells for the glaze material, and is prepared from the following basic components in percentage by weight: 10% of shell powder and 90% of glaze fruit.
Compared with the prior art, the shell powder which can be used as a glaze raw material is obtained by processing the shell, the shell powder can form the glaze with various other raw materials, and the ceramic clay and the porcelain clay can be simultaneously applied to obtain ceramic appliances with different textures, so that the practicability is high, the applicability is good, and the utilization rate is high; the used shells are the shells of the kitchen waste, so that waste is changed into valuable, and the cyclic utilization of resources is realized; the invention also provides a ceramic glaze which is few in raw materials, safe and environment-friendly; the method has the advantages of simple and feasible process, rich resources, low cost, wide application, popularization value and wide market prospect.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the effect of the ceramic glaze of example 2 of the present invention after firing, wherein a is a porcelain clay; and B is clay.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of light transmittance of the porcelain after firing of the ceramic glaze of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the firing effect of the glaze comprising the shell powder and feldspar according to different weight ratios obtained in example 1, wherein a is the petuntse (shell powder: feldspar: 10: 90); b is ceramic clay (shell powder: feldspar: 10: 90); c is porcelain clay (shell powder: feldspar: 25: 75); d is ceramic clay (shell powder: feldspar: 25: 75).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of firing a glaze comprising shell powder and quartz, obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the firing effect of the glaze composed of shell powder, quartz and glaze ash according to example 1, wherein a is porcelain clay and B is pottery clay.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the firing effect of the glaze composed of shell powder, feldspar, quartz and glaze according to example 1, wherein a is porcelain clay and B is pottery clay.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in combination with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a treatment process of shells for glaze, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreating shells: cleaning natural shell (kitchen residue shell), and air drying for 3-5 days to evaporate water on surface;
(2) firing the shells: placing shells on test pieces made of different mud, placing the test pieces in a gas kiln for firing, wherein in the firing process, when the temperature is less than 500 ℃, the temperature rise speed is 3 ℃/min on average; when the temperature is 540-920 ℃, the average heating speed is 5-6 ℃/min. When the temperature is 920-980 ℃, the heating rate is 1-2 ℃/min, the introduction of reducing atmosphere is started between 960-980 ℃, the equipment is naturally heated to 1000 ℃ and then is subjected to strong reduction (the flame length is 10cm), the flame length is kept at 10cm until the temperature is 1300 ℃, and the fire is shut off after 4-5 minutes; then taking out the test piece for observation, respectively weighing the test piece and the shell before and after calcination, and calculating the loss on ignition; determining that the shells can be used as glaze on mud;
the reducing atmosphere refers to the combustion of natural gas under the anoxic condition to generate the gas containing CH4And reducing gases such as CO and H2, and a gas atmosphere containing a very low amount of oxygen.
(3) And (3) manual grinding: exposing the fired shell powder in air, oxidizing for 2-3 days, manually grinding to the size of salt grains for machine grinding, and wearing gloves during manual grinding;
(4) mechanical grinding: putting the shell powder which is manually ground into a ball milling tank, and adding water until the water amount is over the shell powder, wherein the volume ratio of the shell powder to the water is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 100 r/min, and the ball milling time is 48 hours; because a large amount of calcium carbonate is generated in the ball milling process, the outer surface of the ball milling tank needs to be cooled before grinding;
(5) sieving: taking out the material mixed with the water and the powder after ball milling, putting the material into a basin, standing until excessive water floats on the surface, pouring out the floating water, sieving, taking out the original grinding balls in the ball milling tank during sieving, sieving the original grinding balls by a 80-mesh coarse sieve and then by a 160-mesh fine sieve to ensure that the grinding balls reach the thickness degree capable of being used as glaze;
(6) and (3) evaporating water: pouring the sieved material into clean and dry gypsum, exposing the gypsum to the sun for 2-3 days, drying the gypsum to absorb water, forming blocks after the raw materials are dried in the sun, grinding the blocks into powder serving as the raw materials of the glaze, and finishing the treatment of the shells for the glaze.
The kitchen remainder shell of this embodiment is selected from at least one of fresh oyster, scallop, red clam shell and clam shell.
The oyster, scallop, sea red and clam shells in the embodiment are subjected to a loss-on-ignition test, although the types of the shells are different, after the shells are fired at high temperature, oxides volatilize, and the residual shell powder shows different colors such as the effect of flint red on different mud test pieces, so that the shells can be glazed on different mud; through the calculation of ignition loss, different shell powder is found to have little difference on mud, so that the shell powder can be used independently and can also be mixed together to be used as a glaze raw material.
Example 2:
the glaze of the ceramic utensil prepared by the raw materials obtained by the shell treatment process of the glaze of the embodiment 1 is prepared by the following basic components in percentage by weight: 10% of shell powder and 90% of glaze fruit.
The glaze preparing and firing method of the glaze of the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: weighing the shell powder and the glaze fruit obtained in the example 1 according to the weight ratio, adding the shell powder and the glaze fruit into a ceramic mortar for grinding, continuously adding water in the grinding process, wherein the volume ratio of the water addition amount to the raw material amount is 1:1, so that the particles of the shell powder and the glaze fruit become small, sieving the mixture in a scoop by using a sieve after most of the mixture can permeate the sieve, and pouring the mixture into a bottle containing glaze for later use;
(2) glazing process: before glazing, dipping water with a brush pen to remove dust on a biscuit of the disc-shaped clay and the porcelain clay, after the biscuit is dried, glazing by adopting a glaze dipping mode, scooping out part of glaze with a scoop and pouring into the biscuit, and pouring out redundant glaze after the biscuit is fully poured and the biscuit is kept stand for 3-5 seconds; the thickness of the glaze is controlled by standing time, and the longer the standing time is, the thicker the glaze is;
(3) and (3) firing process: placing the glazed test piece blank on a proper position of a boron plate of an air kiln, closing a kiln door, firing in the air kiln, controlling the temperature during firing to be the same as that during firing the shell in the example 1, cooling to below 100 ℃, opening the kiln door, wearing special gloves, and taking out by hands.
The glaze of the present example exhibited a brilliant white effect on the surface of the porcelain, white when the glaze was thick, and brown when the glaze was thin.
The ceramic utensil fired by the ceramic glaze in the embodiment has good abrasion resistance, has waterproof, smooth appearance, excellent texture and aesthetic function, and can be used as a utensil which can be used for a long time in daily life.
This example shows that the light transmission of the fired porcelain is very good, indicating that the ceramic glaze of the present invention can be used for lighting products.
Example 3:
the present example relates to the use of the raw material obtained by the shell treatment process for glaze of example 1 in glaze, and the shell powder obtained in example 1 can be combined with feldspar, quartz, glazed fruit, quartz + glaze ash, feldspar + quartz + glazed fruit to form different glazes.
The weight ratio of the shell powder to the feldspar is 10: 90, the glaze material can be simultaneously suitable for the clay and the porcelain clay, and has the effect of white moon slicing on the clay; the ceramic clay has the effect of opening slices in the moon white, the thick glaze is white, and the thin glaze is brown.
The weight ratio of the shell powder to the feldspar is 25: 75, the glaze material can be simultaneously suitable for the clay and the petuntse, and the effect of jade white crackle is shown on the petuntse; the pottery clay has a jade white and flake opening effect, and is green when the glaze is thick and brown when the glaze is thin.
The shell powder and the quartz are mixed according to the weight ratio of 25: 75, the glaze material presents a mottled natural texture on the clay, the glaze is green when the glaze is thick, and brown when the glaze is thin.
The weight ratio of the shell powder to the quartz to the glaze ash is 50: 50: 10, the glaze material can be simultaneously suitable for the clay and the porcelain clay, and has a bluish white crackle effect on the clay; the ceramic clay has a bluish white cracking effect, and is bluish when the glaze is thick and brown when the glaze is thin.
The shell powder, feldspar, quartz and glaze fruit are mixed according to the weight ratio of 25: 25: 25: 25 can be simultaneously suitable for the ceramic clay and the porcelain clay, and has the effect of matte water blue on the porcelain clay; the ceramic clay has the effect of matte water green, white glaze when the glaze is thick, and brown when the glaze is thin.
The glaze consisting of the shell powder and the glaze fruit is the same as that in example 2.
In conclusion, the shell powder obtained in the embodiment 1 can be combined with various other raw materials to form glaze, and ceramic appliances with different textures can be obtained, so that the practicability is high, the applicability is good, the utilization rate is high, the cost is low, and the market prospect is wide.
Claims (3)
1. A treatment process of shells for glaze is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) pretreating shells: cleaning the kitchen residue shell, and air drying for 3-5 days to evaporate water on the surface;
(2) firing the shells: placing the shell on a test piece made of mud, placing the test piece in an air kiln for firing, wherein in the firing process, when the temperature is less than 500 ℃, the temperature rise speed is 3 ℃/min on average; when the temperature is 540-920 ℃, the average heating speed is 5-6 ℃/min. When the temperature is 920-980 ℃, the heating rate is 1-2 ℃/min, the introduction of reducing atmosphere is started between 960-980 ℃, the equipment naturally heats up to 1000 ℃ and then carries out strong reduction, the flame length is kept at 10cm until the temperature is 1300 ℃, and the fire is shut off after 4-5 minutes;
(3) and (3) manual grinding: exposing the fired shell powder in air, oxidizing for 2-3 days, manually grinding to the size of salt grains for machine grinding, and wearing gloves during manual grinding;
(4) mechanical grinding: putting the shell powder which is manually ground into a ball milling tank, and adding water, wherein the volume ratio of the shell powder to the water is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 100 r/min, and the ball milling time is 48 hours;
(5) sieving: taking out the material mixed with the water and the powder after ball milling, putting the material into a basin, standing until excessive water floats on the surface, pouring the floating water, sieving, and sieving by a coarse sieve of 80 meshes and then a fine sieve of 160 meshes;
(6) and (3) evaporating water: pouring the sieved material into clean and dry gypsum, exposing the gypsum to the sun for 2-3 days, wherein the gypsum can absorb water, the raw material becomes a block after being dried in the sun, and the block is ground into powder to be used as the raw material of the glaze, namely the treatment of the shell for the glaze is completed.
2. The glaze shell treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste shell is selected from at least one of fresh oyster, scallop, red clam shell and clam shell.
3. A glaze for a ceramic utensil prepared from raw materials obtained by a shell treatment process by using the glaze of example 1 is characterized by being prepared from the following basic components in percentage by weight: 10% of shell powder and 90% of glaze fruit.
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| CN104140290A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-12 | 青岛乾祥环保技术有限公司 | Novel ceramic glaze |
| CN107266038A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-10-20 | 福建泉州顺美集团有限责任公司 | Moisten ceramic whiteware and its preparation and preparation technology |
| CN111943723A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-17 | 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 | Ceramic glaze with silk texture, preparation method and ceramic rock plate using ceramic glaze |
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2021
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