CN114310157B - Thick-wall end socket forming method and equipment for pressure container - Google Patents
Thick-wall end socket forming method and equipment for pressure container Download PDFInfo
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- CN114310157B CN114310157B CN202111383182.1A CN202111383182A CN114310157B CN 114310157 B CN114310157 B CN 114310157B CN 202111383182 A CN202111383182 A CN 202111383182A CN 114310157 B CN114310157 B CN 114310157B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thick-wall seal head forming method and equipment for a pressure container, wherein the method realizes seal head forming through a seal head cold stamping and forming die, a press, a seal head edge cutting device and a seal head groove and end face processing device, and comprises the following steps: step one, blanking a seal head blank, wherein the blanking adopts whole plate numerical control cutting blanking; pressing the end socket by adopting an end socket cold stamping and shaping die; step three, scribing edge lines, namely scribing edge height lines on the seal heads after the seal heads are pressed; fourthly, edge cutting is carried out on the end socket by utilizing an edge cutting device of the end socket; step five, processing the groove and the end face of the end socket by utilizing a device for processing the groove and the end face of the end socket; and step six, heat treatment of the sealing head. The invention has high integral cold stamping forming productivity and is easy to realize intelligent and automatic flow line production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pressure vessel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for forming a thick-wall seal head for a pressure vessel.
Background
Tank truck caps are generally manufactured by plastic working using sheet metal. In the tank truck seal head plastic processing process, common plastic forming methods include cold stamping processing, hot pressing processing and spinning processing. The thick-wall seal head (t 22-Q345R) for the pressure vessel has high strength and high rigidity, and a hot press forming mode is mostly adopted at present. Disadvantages of the prior art:
1) The blank of the hot stamping process needs to be heated, needs heating equipment, has high energy consumption and pollutes the environment.
2) The surface of the hot-pressing seal head is easy to generate oxide skin, the material is easy to generate heating defect, and the local wall thickness is reduced by a large amount.
3) After the end socket is formed, the shape and the size are not easy to control under the influence of thermal stress, tissue stress and deformation stress, the size is unstable, and the interchangeability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a method and equipment for forming a thick-wall seal head for a pressure vessel, and overcomes the defects of a hot-press forming technology of the thick-wall seal head for the pressure vessel.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thick-wall seal head forming method for a pressure container is realized by a seal head cold stamping and forming die, a press, a seal head edge cutting device and a seal head groove and end face processing device, and comprises the following steps:
step one, blanking a seal head blank, wherein the blanking adopts whole plate numerical control cutting blanking;
secondly, pressing the end socket by adopting an end socket cold stamping and shaping die, wherein the specific steps are as follows: after the blank is placed on the female die ring, the stretching slide block and the blank pressing slide block of the press machine rapidly descend, and when the blank pressing ring is 200mm away from the blank, the stretching slide block and the blank pressing slide block slowly descend, and the blank pressing ring contacts the blank to press the edge; when the blank pressing force reaches a set value, the stretching slide block continues to move downwards, the male die contacts the blank to stretch, and the blank is stretched to a set depth and maintained for 3 seconds, so that the stretching is completed; the stretching slide block drives the male die to slowly ascend, and after the male die is separated from the seal head, the stretching slide block and the edge pressing slide block rapidly ascend to an initial position; finally, the ejector pushes up the end socket, and then the end socket is forked out by using a trolley;
step three, scribing edge lines, namely scribing edge height lines on the seal heads after the seal heads are pressed;
fourthly, edge cutting is carried out on the end socket by utilizing an edge cutting device of the end socket, and the specific steps are as follows: dropping the end socket onto the end socket supporting disc by using a crown block; starting the cylinders, and synchronously moving the uniformly distributed cylinders to the center of the sealing head to align the sealing head; closing the cylinder to reset the cylinder; the alignment fine adjustment component fine adjustment function is used for enabling the seal head to be completely placed horizontally; starting a cutting gun, and starting a motor to drive the end socket supporting disc to rotate so as to cut edges of the end socket;
step five, processing the groove and the end face of the end socket by utilizing the groove and the end face processing device of the end socket, wherein the specific steps are as follows: dropping the end socket groove and the end surface processing device on the end socket, so that the clamping wheel and the driving wheel are clamped on the straight edge section and the arc transition area of the end socket; adjusting the angle of the milling cutter to enable the angle of the groove to meet the requirement; opening a driving motor to enable the seal head groove and the end face machining device to walk along the circumferential direction of the seal head; turning on a feeding motor, and adjusting the feeding amount of the milling cutter to ensure the blunt edge size of the groove;
and step six, heat treatment of the sealing head.
The invention also comprises the following technical characteristics:
optionally, the blank size in the first step: t22 phi 3800;
in the second step, the seal head is pressed by adopting a fixed Cheng Yazhi, and the blank holder force is set: 4000T; total forming force: 7800T; press forming speed: 5mm/s; stretching stroke: 900mm;
the heat treatment process of the seal head in the step six is as follows: charging the sealing head below 380 ℃, heating to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 55 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h at 640+/-10 ℃, then cooling to 380 ℃ at a cooling rate of 55 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, and finally discharging from the furnace in an air cooling way below 380 ℃.
Optionally, the female die ring is lubricated by a polyvinyl chloride film, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the end socket blank plate are lubricated by a lubricant.
The invention also provides thick-wall end socket forming equipment for the pressure vessel, which comprises an end socket cold stamping and forming die, a press, an end socket edge cutting device, an end socket groove and an end surface processing device;
the end socket cold stamping and shaping die comprises a male die, a die shank fixedly connected to the center of the upper end of the male die, an annular male die connecting seat surrounding the die shank and arranged on the male die, an annular supporting seat surrounding the male die connecting seat and arranged on the male die, an annular lower die holder arranged around the male die, an annular female die ring arranged on the lower die holder and a blank holder arranged above the female die ring;
the press comprises a stretching slide block, an edge pressing slide block, an ejector and a workbench, wherein the stretching slide block is pressed on a male die connecting seat and a supporting seat, the center of the stretching slide block is connected with a die shank, the edge pressing slide block is connected to the upper end of an edge pressing ring, a lower die holder is arranged on the workbench, and the ejector is arranged in a stepped hole of the workbench and is positioned at the center position below the male die;
the end socket edge cutting device comprises an end socket supporting disc, an alignment fine adjustment assembly arranged on the end socket supporting disc, a plurality of cylinders arranged around the end socket supporting disc, a transmission system arranged below the end socket supporting disc and a cutting gun arranged beside the end socket supporting disc;
the end socket groove and end face machining device comprises a mounting seat, a milling cutter assembly and a feeding motor thereof, a driving wheel and a driving motor thereof, which are arranged below the mounting seat, and a clamping wheel which is arranged on the mounting seat and is parallel to the driving wheel; the clamping wheel and the driving wheel can be clamped on two sides of the end socket machining surface, the driving motor can drive the driving wheel and the mounting seat and the milling cutter assembly connected with the driving wheel to move along the circumference of the end socket, and the milling cutter of the milling cutter assembly can penetrate through the mounting seat and extend to the end surface of the end socket to cut, and the angle of the milling cutter assembly is adjustable.
Optionally, reinforcing ribs are arranged in the male die, annular horizontal end faces are arranged in the edge of the male die, and the upper end faces of the reinforcing ribs and the annular horizontal end faces are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
the die shank is connected with the reinforcing ribs through inner hexagon bolts so as to enable the die shank and the male die to be connected into a whole, an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the die shank, two semi-annular clamping blocks are arranged at the lower end of the stretching sliding block, and the two clamping blocks can radially move close to the annular groove so as to enable the stretching sliding block to be connected with the die shank, and then the stretching sliding block drives the die shank to axially move;
the male die connecting seat is positioned at the upper end of the reinforcing rib, a fixed seat is arranged in an annular space between the male die connecting seat and the die shank, and the fixed seat is connected with the male die connecting seat through an inner hexagon bolt; the male die connecting seat is connected with the stretching slide block above the male die connecting seat through a T-shaped bolt;
the supporting seat is aligned and placed on the annular horizontal end surface of the male die through the locating pin;
the blank holder is installed at blank holder slider lower extreme through T type bolt, and the die ring is connected with the die holder through hexagon socket head cap screw, and the die holder is installed on the workstation through T type bolt.
Optionally, the male die, the lower die holder, the female die ring and the blank holder are coaxial, the inner diameters of the female die ring and the lower die holder are the same, and the outer diameter of the male die is slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the female die ring and the lower die holder.
Optionally, can place the head on the head supporting disc, the alignment fine setting subassembly can assist the head to utilize the dead weight to carry out preliminary horizontal alignment, a plurality of cylinders are along circular orbit equipartition and this circular orbit and head supporting disc coaxial, every cylinder can be along this circular orbit's radial flexible, the piston rod homoenergetic of every cylinder stretches out and draws the end and prop up on the straight edge of head and make the head to head supporting disc central direction remove thereby make the head put, transmission system can drive head supporting disc rotation, the cutting torch can cut the limit to the head simultaneously.
Optionally, the alignment fine adjustment assembly comprises a plurality of guide rails fixed on the seal head supporting disc, a sliding block arranged on the guide rails, a hand wheel connected with the sliding block through a screw rod, and rollers arranged on the sliding block, wherein the guide rails are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the seal head supporting disc, each guide rail is distributed along the radial direction of the seal head supporting disc, the number of the guide rails is at least three, the axial direction of the rollers is vertical to the direction of the guide rails, the rollers are uniformly distributed along the circumference taking the center of the circle of the seal head supporting disc as the center, and the seal head can be primarily horizontally aligned by utilizing dead weight when being arranged on the rollers; the screw rod is parallel to the guide rail, and the hand wheel rotates to drive the screw rod to drive the sliding block to move along the guide rail so as to finely adjust the position of the seal head.
Optionally, the transmission system comprises a motor, a coupling, a speed reducer and a gear pair which are sequentially connected; one gear in the gear pair is fixed at the lower end of the seal head supporting disc and is coaxial with the seal head supporting disc; the machine can drive the end socket supporting disc to rotate so as to drive the end socket on the end socket supporting disc to rotate for end socket edge cutting.
Optionally, the mounting seat is an L-shaped plate, which comprises a transverse plate and a vertical plate;
a sliding rail is fixed at the lower end of the transverse plate, a sliding block capable of moving along the sliding rail is matched under the sliding rail, the driving wheel and the driving motor are arranged on the sliding block, the central shaft of the driving wheel is perpendicular to the transverse plate, and the driving motor is connected and can drive the driving wheel to rotate; two clamping wheels are arranged on the vertical plate and penetrate through the vertical plate, and the central shafts of the two clamping wheels are parallel to the central shaft of the driving wheel;
the lower end of the transverse plate is also provided with a driving wheel tightness adjusting assembly for pushing the sliding block so as to adjust the distance between the driving wheel and the clamping wheel, so that the driving wheel and the clamping wheel clamp or loosen the sealing head; the milling cutter assembly is provided with a milling cutter front-rear adjusting assembly so as to adjust the position of the milling cutter on the end face of the end socket, so that the milling cutter is always aligned with the center of the end face of the end socket; the milling cutter assembly is provided with a milling cutter feeding amount adjusting assembly to adjust the axial position of the milling cutter so as to adjust the feeding amount of the milling cutter on the end face of the end socket.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the whole thick-wall sealing head for the pressure vessel is formed by one-time cold stamping.
2. The whole cold stamping forming of the thick-wall sealing head for the pressure vessel does not need heating equipment, and has no pollution to the environment.
3. The thick-wall cold-formed seal head for the pressure vessel has attractive appearance, no oxide scale, small thickness reduction, stable size, good consistency and good interchangeability.
4. The thick-wall cold-formed seal head for the pressure vessel has better comprehensiveness than a hot-press seal head and a spinning seal head.
5. The thick-wall seal head for the pressure vessel has high integral cold stamping forming productivity and is easy to realize intelligent and automatic assembly line production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of a cold stamping and forming die and a press for an end socket of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of the seal head edge cutting device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a head support disc and alignment trimming assembly of the head edge cutting device of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a drive system of the header edge cutting device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a seal head groove and end face processing device of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view of the end socket groove and end face machining device of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the end socket groove and end face processing device of the present invention clamped on an end socket.
Reference numerals meaning:
a1. the male die, a2, a die shank, a a3. male die connecting seat, a a4. supporting seat, a a5. lower die seat, a a6. female die ring, a a7. blank holder, a a8. fixing seat and a 1-sealing head.
b1. The device comprises a stretching slide block, a b2. edge pressing slide block, a b3. ejector, a b4. workbench and a b5. clamping block.
c1. The head support disc, c2. alignment fine tuning assembly, c3. cylinder, c4. transmission system, c5. cutting gun, c6. head edge cutting base, c7. control cabinet, c21 guide rail, c22 slide block, c23 lead screw, c24 hand wheel, c25 roller, c31 stand column, c32 stand column fixing seat, c41 motor, c42 coupling, c43 speed reducer, c44 gear pair, c51 adjusting vertical rod, c52 adjusting cross rod, c53 vertical rod, c54 vertical rod fixing seat.
d1. Mounting base, d2, milling cutter assembly, d3. feed motor, d4. drive wheel, d5. drive motor, d6. pinch wheel, d101, cross plate, d102, riser, d103, slide rail, d104, slider, d105, angle adjustment plate, d201, milling cutter base, d202, spindle cylinder, d203, spindle box, d204, milling cutter, d701, nut I, d702, lead screw I, d703, handle I, d801, nut II, d802, lead screw II, d803, handle II, d901, nut III, d902, lead screw III, d10, electric cabinet, d1001, support frame.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Detailed Description
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are given according to the above technical solutions, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a thick-wall seal head forming method for a pressure container, which realizes seal head forming through a seal head cold stamping and forming die, a press, a seal head edge cutting device and a seal head groove and end face processing device, and comprises the following steps:
step one, blanking a seal head blank, wherein the blanking adopts whole plate numerical control cutting blanking;
step two, pressing the end socket in a semi-automatic operation mode, and pressing the end socket by adopting an end socket cold stamping and shaping die, wherein the specific steps are as follows: after the blank is placed on the female die ring, the stretching slide block and the blank pressing slide block of the press machine rapidly descend, and when the blank pressing ring is 200mm away from the blank, the stretching slide block and the blank pressing slide block slowly descend, and the blank pressing ring contacts the blank to press the edge; when the blank pressing force reaches a set value, the stretching slide block continues to move downwards, the male die contacts the blank to stretch, and the blank is stretched to a set depth and maintained for 3 seconds, so that the stretching is completed; the stretching slide block drives the male die to slowly ascend, and after the male die is separated from the seal head, the stretching slide block and the edge pressing slide block rapidly ascend to an initial position; finally, the ejector pushes up the end socket, and then the end socket is forked out by using a trolley;
step three, scribing edge lines, namely scribing edge height lines on the seal heads after the seal heads are pressed;
fourthly, edge cutting is carried out on the end socket by utilizing an edge cutting device of the end socket, and the specific steps are as follows: dropping the end socket onto the end socket supporting disc by using a crown block; starting the cylinders, and synchronously moving the uniformly distributed cylinders to the center of the sealing head to align the sealing head; closing the cylinder to reset the cylinder; the alignment fine adjustment component fine adjustment function is used for enabling the seal head to be completely placed horizontally; starting a cutting gun, and starting a motor to drive the end socket supporting disc to rotate so as to cut edges of the end socket;
step five, processing the groove and the end face of the end socket by utilizing the groove and the end face processing device of the end socket, wherein the specific steps are as follows: dropping the end socket groove and the end surface processing device on the end socket, so that the clamping wheel and the driving wheel are clamped on the straight edge section and the arc transition area of the end socket; adjusting the angle of the milling cutter to enable the bevel angle to meet the requirement (the angle of the cutter head is adjusted to 90 degrees when the end face of the end socket is cut by machining); opening a driving motor to enable the seal head groove and the end face machining device to walk along the circumferential direction of the seal head; turning on a feeding motor, and adjusting the feeding amount of the milling cutter to ensure the blunt edge size of the groove;
and step six, heat treatment of the sealing head. The strength and the hardness of the end socket after cold press molding are improved, the plasticity is reduced, and a work hardening phenomenon occurs, particularly the thickness of the straight edge section of the end socket is increased, and the work hardening is most obvious; therefore, the thick-wall sealing head of the pressure vessel needs to be subjected to corresponding heat treatment after cold forming to improve the performance of the sealing head.
Specifically, the blank size in step one: t22 phi 3800;
in the second step, the seal head is pressed by adopting a fixed Cheng Yazhi, and the blank holder force is set: 4000T; total forming force: 7800T; press forming speed: 5mm/s; stretching stroke: 900mm;
the heat treatment process of the seal head in the step six is as follows: charging the sealing head below 380 ℃, heating to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 55 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h at 640+/-10 ℃, then cooling to 380 ℃ at a cooling rate of 55 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, and finally discharging from the furnace in an air cooling way below 380 ℃.
Specifically, the female die ring is lubricated by a polyvinyl chloride film, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the end socket blank plate are lubricated by a lubricant.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides thick-wall seal head forming equipment for a pressure container, which comprises a seal head cold stamping and forming die, a press, a seal head edge cutting device, a seal head groove and an end face processing device, as shown in fig. 1 to 7.
The end socket cold stamping and shaping die comprises a male die a1, a die shank a2 fixedly connected to the center of the upper end of the male die a1, an annular male die connecting seat a3, an annular supporting seat a4, an annular lower die holder a5, an annular female die ring a6 and a blank holder a7, wherein the annular male die connecting seat a3 is arranged on the male die a1 around the die shank a2 in parallel, the annular lower die holder a5 is arranged around the male die a1, and the annular female die ring a6 is arranged on the lower die holder a5.
The press comprises a stretching slide block b1, a blank pressing slide block b2, an ejector b3 and a workbench b4, wherein the stretching slide block b1 is pressed on a male die connecting seat a3 and a supporting seat a4, the center of the stretching slide block b1 is connected with a die shank a2, the blank pressing slide block b2 is connected with the upper end of a blank pressing ring a7, a lower die holder a5 is arranged on the workbench b4, and the ejector b3 is arranged in a stepped hole of the workbench b4 and is positioned at the center position below the male die a1.
The end socket edge cutting device comprises an end socket supporting disc c1, an alignment fine adjustment assembly c2 arranged on the end socket supporting disc c1, a plurality of cylinders c3 arranged around the end socket supporting disc c1, a transmission system c4 arranged below the end socket supporting disc c1 and a cutting gun c5 arranged beside the end socket supporting disc c1.
The end socket groove and end face machining device comprises a mounting seat d1, a milling cutter assembly d2 and a feeding motor d3 which are arranged above the mounting seat d1, a driving wheel d4 and a driving motor d5 which are arranged below the mounting seat d1, and a clamping wheel d6 which is arranged on the mounting seat d1 and is parallel to the driving wheel d 4; the clamping wheel d6 and the driving wheel d4 can be clamped on two sides of a processing surface of the end socket, the driving motor d5 can drive the driving wheel d4 and a mounting seat d1 and a milling cutter assembly d2 connected with the driving wheel d4 to move along the circumference of the end socket, a milling cutter d204 of the milling cutter assembly d2 can penetrate through the mounting seat d1 and extend to the end surface of the end socket to cut, and the angle of the milling cutter assembly d2 is adjustable.
The male die a1 is internally provided with reinforcing ribs, the edge of the male die a1 is internally provided with annular horizontal end faces, and the upper end faces of the reinforcing ribs and the annular horizontal end faces are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the die shank a2 is connected with a reinforcing rib through an inner hexagon bolt so that the die shank a2 and the male die a1 are connected into a whole, an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the die shank a2, two semi-annular clamping blocks b5 are arranged at the lower end of the stretching sliding block b1, the two clamping blocks b5 can radially move into the annular groove in a close manner to enable the stretching sliding block b1 to be connected with the die shank a2, and then the stretching sliding block b1 drives the die shank a2 to axially move; the male die connecting seat a3 is positioned at the upper end of the reinforcing rib, a fixed seat a8 is arranged in an annular space between the male die connecting seat a3 and the die shank a2, and the fixed seat a8 is connected with the male die connecting seat a3 through an inner hexagon bolt; the male die connecting seat a3 is connected with the stretching sliding block b1 above the male die connecting seat a3 through a T-shaped bolt; the supporting seat a4 is aligned and placed on the annular horizontal end surface of the male die a1 through a locating pin; the blank holder a7 is installed at the lower end of the blank holder sliding block b2 through a T-shaped bolt, the female die ring a6 is connected with the lower die holder a5 through an inner hexagon bolt, and the lower die holder a5 is installed on the workbench b4 through a T-shaped bolt.
The male die a1, the lower die holder a5, the female die ring a6 and the blank holder a7 are coaxial, the inner diameters of the female die ring a6 and the lower die holder a5 are the same, and the outer diameter of the male die a1 is slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the female die ring a6 and the lower die holder a5.
The head can be placed on the head supporting disc c1, the aligning fine tuning component c2 can assist the head to carry out preliminary horizontal alignment by utilizing dead weight, a plurality of cylinders c3 are uniformly distributed along a circular track, the circular track is coaxial with the head supporting disc c1, each cylinder c3 can radially stretch out and draw back along the circular track, the extending end of a piston rod of each cylinder c3 can prop against the straight edge of the head to enable the head to move towards the center direction of the head supporting disc c1, so that the head is aligned, the transmission system c4 can drive the head supporting disc c1 to rotate, and meanwhile the cutting gun c5 can cut edges of the head.
The aligning fine adjustment assembly c2 comprises a plurality of guide rails c21 fixed on the seal head supporting disc c1, a sliding block c22 arranged on the guide rails c21, a hand wheel c24 connected with the sliding block c22 through a lead screw c23 and rollers c25 arranged on the sliding block c22, wherein the guide rails c21 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the seal head supporting disc c1, each guide rail c21 is distributed along the radial direction of the seal head supporting disc c1, the number of the guide rails c21 is at least three, the axial direction of the rollers c25 is perpendicular to the direction of the guide rails c21, the rollers c25 are uniformly distributed along the circumference taking the center of the seal head supporting disc c1 as the center, and when the seal head is placed on the rollers c25, the self weight can be utilized for initial horizontal alignment; the lead screw c23 is parallel to the guide rail c21, and the hand wheel 24 rotates to drive the lead screw c23 to drive the sliding block c22 to move along the guide rail c21 so as to finely adjust the position of the sealing head. The lead screw c23 and a hand wheel c24 at the end part of the lead screw c23 extend out of the seal head supporting disc c1 so as to prevent the hand wheel c24 from contacting the seal head on the roller c25.
The transmission system c4 comprises a motor c41, a coupler c42, a speed reducer c43 and a gear pair c44 which are sequentially connected; one gear in the gear pair c44 is fixed at the lower end of the seal head supporting disc c1 and is coaxial with the seal head supporting disc c 1; the motor c41 can drive the end socket supporting disc c1 to rotate so as to drive the end socket on the end socket supporting disc c1 to rotate for end socket edge cutting.
The number of the cylinders c3 is at least three; the cylinder c3 is arranged at the upper end of a stand column c31 with adjustable height, and the stand column c31 is fixed on a stand column fixing seat c32.
The cutting gun c5 is arranged on the adjusting vertical rod c51, the adjusting vertical rod c51 is arranged on the adjusting cross rod c52, the adjusting cross rod c52 is arranged on the vertical rod c53, the vertical rod c53 is fixed on the vertical rod fixing seat c54, and the height and the horizontal position of the cutting gun c5 are adjustable.
The transmission system c4, the upright post fixing seat c32 and the upright post fixing seat c54 are all arranged on the seal head edge cutting base c6.
A control cabinet c7 is arranged on the seal head edge cutting base c6.
The edge cutting process of the end socket edge cutting device comprises the following steps: step one: the head falls onto the head supporting disc by using the crown block, and the aligning and fine-tuning assembly can assist the head to perform preliminary horizontal alignment by utilizing dead weight; step two: starting the air cylinders, and synchronously moving the plurality of air cylinders to the center of the sealing head to push the sealing head to be aligned; step three: closing a power supply of the air cylinder to reset the air cylinder; step four: the head is completely placed horizontally through the fine adjustment function of the alignment fine adjustment assembly; step five: and starting the cutting gun, and opening the transmission system to drive the end socket supporting disc to rotate so as to cut edges of the end socket.
The mounting seat d1 is an L-shaped plate and comprises a transverse plate d101 and a vertical plate d102; a sliding rail d103 is fixed at the lower end of the transverse plate d101, a sliding block d104 capable of moving along the sliding rail d103 is matched under the sliding rail d103, a driving wheel d4 and a driving motor d5 are arranged on the sliding block d104, the central shaft of the driving wheel d4 is perpendicular to the transverse plate d101, and the driving motor d5 is connected and can drive the driving wheel d4 to rotate; two clamping wheels d6 are mounted on the vertical plate d102, the two clamping wheels d6 penetrate through the vertical plate d102, and the central axes of the two clamping wheels d6 are parallel to the central axis of the driving wheel d4.
The lower end of the transverse plate d101 is also provided with a driving wheel tightness adjusting assembly, and the driving wheel tightness adjusting assembly comprises a nut Id701, a screw Id702 and a handle Id703 which are fixed at the lower end of the transverse plate d 101; the lead screw Id702 is parallel to the transverse plate d101 and is matched with the nut Id701, one end of the lead screw Id702 is propped against the sliding block d104, the other end of the lead screw Id702 is provided with the handle Id703, and the lead screw Id702 is adjusted through the handle Id703 to push the sliding block d104 so as to adjust the distance from the driving wheel d4 to the clamping wheel d6, so that the driving wheel d4 and the clamping wheel d6 clamp or unclamp the sealing head.
Two parallel opposite angle adjusting discs d105 are fixed at the upper end of the transverse plate d101, the angle adjusting discs d105 are perpendicular to the transverse plate d101 and the vertical plate d102, the lower end of the milling cutter assembly d2 is arranged between the two angle adjusting discs d105, an arc-shaped through groove is formed in the angle adjusting disc d105, and the milling cutter assembly d2 is fixedly connected with the angle adjusting discs d105 through bolts after being adjusted to a required angle along the arc-shaped through groove.
The milling cutter assembly d2 comprises a milling cutter base d201, a rotating shaft cylinder d202 arranged on the milling cutter base d201, a rotating shaft box d203 arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft cylinder d202, a rotating shaft positioned in the rotating shaft cylinder d202 and a milling cutter d204 arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft, wherein the milling cutter d204 penetrates through the milling cutter base d201 and the transverse plate d101 and extends to the end face of the end enclosure between the clamping wheel d6 and the driving wheel d 4; the milling cutter base d201 is connected with the angle adjusting disc d105, the feeding motor d3 is adjacent to the rotating shaft cylinder d202, the upper end of the feeding motor d3 is connected with the rotating shaft box d203, and the feeding motor d3 can drive the rotating shaft to rotate.
The milling cutter assembly d2 is provided with a milling cutter front-rear adjusting assembly, the milling cutter base d201 is provided with a milling cutter front-rear adjusting assembly, and the milling cutter front-rear adjusting assembly comprises a nut IId801, a lead screw IId802 and a handle IId803 which are fixed on the milling cutter base d 201; the lead screw IId802 is parallel to the milling cutter base d201 and is mounted in cooperation with the nut IId801, one end of the lead screw IId802 is propped against the rotating shaft cylinder d202, the other end of the lead screw IId802 is provided with a handle IId803, the lead screw IId802 is adjusted through the handle IId803 to push the rotating shaft cylinder d202 along the radial direction of the end socket, and therefore the position of the milling cutter d204 on the end socket end face is adjusted, so that the milling cutter d204 is always aligned with the center of the end socket end face.
The milling cutter assembly d2 is provided with a milling cutter feeding amount adjusting assembly, the lower end of the rotating shaft box d203 is provided with a milling cutter feeding amount adjusting assembly, and the milling cutter feeding amount adjusting assembly comprises a nut IIId901, a screw IIId902 and a knob which are connected with a milling cutter d204 in the rotating shaft cylinder 202; the screw rod IIId902 is parallel to the rotating shaft cylinder d202 and is matched with the nut IIId901, the upper end of the screw rod IIId902 extends into the rotating shaft box d203 and is connected with a knob, and the screw rod IIId902 is adjusted through the knob to adjust the axial position of the nut IIId901 and a milling cutter d204 connected with the nut IIId to adjust the feeding amount of the milling cutter d204 on the end face of the end socket.
The rotating shaft box d203 is connected with an electric cabinet d10, and the lower end of the electric cabinet d10 is connected with a vertical plate d102 through a supporting frame d1001.
The support frame d1001 comprises a foldable telescopic quadrangle frame and a hinging rod; the upper end angles of the four-corner frames are hinged with the supporting seats on the electric cabinet d10, the lower end angles of the four-corner frames are hinged with one end of a hinging rod, and the other end of the hinging rod is hinged with the vertical plate; when the milling cutter assembly d2 adjusts the angle, the supporting frame d1001 can telescopically adjust and support the electric cabinet d10 along with the position change of the electric cabinet d10 connected with the milling cutter assembly d2.
The end socket groove and end face machining process comprises the following steps: 1) The end socket groove and end face processing device of the embodiment 1 is dropped onto the end socket, so that the clamping wheel and the driving wheel are clamped on the straight edge section and the arc transition area of the end socket. 2) And the fixed position of the milling cutter assembly on the angle adjusting disc is adjusted so that the milling cutter assembly is adjusted to a required angle, and the bevel angle meets the drawing requirement (the angle of the cutter disc is adjusted to 90 degrees when the end face of the end socket is cut). 3) Turning on a power supply of a driving motor to enable the end socket groove and the end surface machining device to walk along the circumferential direction of the end socket; 4) And (3) switching on a power supply of a feeding motor, and adjusting the feeding amount of the milling cutter to ensure the blunt edge size of the groove.
Claims (10)
1. The thick-wall end socket forming equipment for the pressure container is characterized by comprising an end socket cold stamping and forming die, a press, an end socket edge cutting device, an end socket groove and an end surface processing device;
the end socket cold stamping and shaping die comprises a male die (a 1), a die shank (a 2) fixedly connected to the center of the upper end of the male die (a 1), an annular male die connecting seat (a 3) surrounding the die shank (a 2) and arranged on the male die (a 1), an annular supporting seat (a 4) surrounding the male die connecting seat (a 3) and arranged on the male die (a 1), an annular lower die holder (a 5) arranged surrounding the male die (a 1), an annular female die ring (a 6) arranged on the lower die holder (a 5) and a blank holder (a 7) arranged above the female die ring (a 6);
the press comprises a stretching slide block (b 1), a blank pressing slide block (b 2), an ejector (b 3) and a workbench (b 4), wherein the stretching slide block (b 1) is pressed on a male die connecting seat (a 3) and a supporting seat (a 4), the center of the stretching slide block (b 1) is connected with a die shank (a 2), the blank pressing slide block (b 2) is connected with the upper end of a blank pressing ring (a 7), a lower die holder (a 5) is arranged on the workbench (b 4), and the ejector (b 3) is arranged in a step hole of the workbench (b 4) and is positioned at the center position below the male die (a 1);
the end socket edge cutting device comprises an end socket supporting disc (c 1), an alignment fine adjustment assembly (c 2) arranged on the end socket supporting disc (c 1), a plurality of air cylinders (c 3) arranged around the end socket supporting disc (c 1), a transmission system (c 4) arranged below the end socket supporting disc (c 1) and a cutting gun (c 5) arranged beside the end socket supporting disc (c 1);
the end socket groove and end face machining device comprises a mounting seat (d 1), a milling cutter assembly (d 2) and a feeding motor (d 3) thereof, a driving wheel (d 4) and a driving motor (d 5) thereof, which are arranged below the mounting seat (d 1), and a clamping wheel (d 6) which is arranged on the mounting seat (d 1) and is parallel to the driving wheel (d 4); the clamping wheel (d 6) and the driving wheel (d 4) can be clamped on two sides of a processing surface of the end socket, the driving motor (d 5) can drive the driving wheel (d 4) and a mounting seat (d 1) and a milling cutter assembly (d 2) connected with the driving wheel (d 4) to move along the circumference of the end socket, and a milling cutter (d 204) of the milling cutter assembly (d 2) can penetrate through the mounting seat (d 1) and extend to the end surface of the end socket to cut and the angle of the milling cutter assembly (d 2) is adjustable.
2. The thick-wall seal head forming equipment for the pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the convex die (a 1) is internally provided with reinforcing ribs, the edge of the convex die (a 1) is internally provided with annular horizontal end faces, and the upper end faces of the reinforcing ribs and the annular horizontal end faces are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
the die shank (a 2) is connected with a reinforcing rib through an inner hexagon bolt so as to enable the die shank (a 2) and the male die (a 1) to be connected into a whole, an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the die shank (a 2), two semi-annular clamping blocks (b 5) are arranged at the lower end of the stretching sliding block (b 1), the two clamping blocks (b 5) can move into the annular groove in a radial direction in a close manner, and after the stretching sliding block (b 1) is connected with the die shank (a 2), the stretching sliding block (b 1) drives the die shank (a 2) to axially move;
the male die connecting seat (a 3) is positioned at the upper end of the reinforcing rib, a fixed seat (a 8) is arranged in an annular space between the male die connecting seat (a 3) and the die shank (a 2), and the fixed seat (a 8) is connected with the male die connecting seat (a 3) through an inner hexagon bolt; the male die connecting seat (a 3) is connected with the stretching slide block (b 1) above the male die connecting seat through a T-shaped bolt;
the supporting seat (a 4) is aligned and placed on the annular horizontal end surface of the male die (a 1) through the locating pin;
the blank holder (a 7) is installed at the lower end of the blank holder sliding block (b 2) through a T-shaped bolt, the female die ring (a 6) is connected with the lower die holder (a 5) through an inner hexagon bolt, and the lower die holder (a 5) is installed on the workbench (b 4) through a T-shaped bolt.
3. The thick-wall seal head forming equipment for the pressure vessel according to claim 2, wherein the male die (a 1), the lower die holder (a 5), the female die ring (a 6) and the blank holder (a 7) are coaxial, the inner diameters of the female die ring (a 6) and the lower die holder (a 5) are the same, and the outer diameter of the male die (a 1) is slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the female die ring (a 6) and the lower die holder (a 5).
4. The thick-wall seal head forming equipment for the pressure container according to claim 1, wherein the seal head supporting disc (c 1) can be used for placing the seal head, the aligning and trimming assembly (c 2) can assist the seal head to perform preliminary horizontal alignment by utilizing dead weight, the plurality of cylinders (c 3) are uniformly distributed along a circular track, the circular track is coaxial with the seal head supporting disc (c 1), each cylinder (c 3) can stretch out and draw back along the radial direction of the circular track, the extending end of a piston rod of each cylinder (c 3) can prop against the straight edge of the seal head to enable the seal head to move towards the center direction of the seal head supporting disc (c 1), the drive system (c 4) can drive the seal head supporting disc (c 1) to rotate, and the cutting gun (c 5) can cut edges of the seal head.
5. The thick-wall head forming equipment for a pressure vessel according to claim 4, wherein the aligning fine adjustment assembly (c 2) comprises a plurality of guide rails (c 21) fixed on a head supporting disc (c 1), a sliding block (c 22) arranged on the guide rails (c 21), a hand wheel (c 24) connected with the sliding block (c 22) through a lead screw (c 23) and a roller (c 25) arranged on the sliding block (c 22), the plurality of guide rails (c 21) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the head supporting disc (c 1), each guide rail (c 21) is distributed along the radial direction of the head supporting disc (c 1), the number of the guide rails (c 21) is at least three, the axial direction of the roller (c 25) is perpendicular to the direction of the guide rails (c 21), the plurality of roller (c 25) are uniformly distributed along the circumference taking the center of the head supporting disc (c 1) as the center, and the head can be aligned in a preliminary horizontal manner when being placed on the roller (c 25); the screw rod (c 23) is parallel to the guide rail (c 21), and the hand wheel (24) can rotate to drive the screw rod (c 23) to drive the sliding block (c 22) to move along the guide rail (c 21) so as to finely adjust the position of the sealing head.
6. Thick-walled closure forming apparatus for pressure vessels according to claim 1 characterized in that the drive train (c 4) comprises a motor (c 41), a coupling (c 42), a speed reducer (c 43) and a gear pair (c 44) connected in sequence; one gear in the gear pair (c 44) is fixed at the lower end of the seal head supporting disc (c 1) and is coaxial with the seal head supporting disc (c 1); the motor (c 41) can drive the end socket supporting disc (c 1) to rotate so as to drive the end socket on the end socket supporting disc (c 1) to rotate for end socket edge cutting.
7. Thick-walled closure forming apparatus for pressure vessels according to claim 1 wherein the mounting base (d 1) is an L-shaped plate comprising a transverse plate (d 101) and a vertical plate (d 102);
a sliding rail (d 103) is fixed at the lower end of the transverse plate (d 101), a sliding block (d 104) capable of moving along the sliding rail (d 103) is matched and arranged below the sliding rail (d 103), a driving wheel (d 4) and a driving motor (d 5) are arranged on the sliding block (d 104), the central shaft of the driving wheel (d 4) is perpendicular to the transverse plate (d 101), and the driving motor (d 5) is connected and can drive the driving wheel (d 4) to rotate; two clamping wheels (d 6) are mounted on the vertical plate (d 102), the two clamping wheels (d 6) penetrate through the vertical plate (d 102), and the central axes of the two clamping wheels (d 6) are parallel to the central axis of the driving wheel (d 4);
the lower end of the transverse plate (d 101) is also provided with a driving wheel tightness adjusting assembly for pushing the sliding block (d 104) so as to adjust the distance from the driving wheel (d 4) to the clamping wheel (d 6) to enable the driving wheel (d 4) and the clamping wheel (d 6) to clamp or loosen the sealing head; the milling cutter assembly (d 2) is provided with a milling cutter front-back adjusting assembly so as to adjust the position of the milling cutter (d 204) on the end face of the end socket to enable the milling cutter (d 204) to be always aligned with the center of the end face of the end socket; the milling cutter assembly (d 2) is provided with a milling cutter feeding amount adjusting assembly for adjusting the axial position of the milling cutter (d 204) so as to adjust the feeding amount of the milling cutter (d 204) on the end face of the end socket.
8. A method for forming a thick-walled closure for a pressure vessel, characterized in that the method is based on the thick-walled closure forming device for a pressure vessel according to any of claims 1 to 7, and the closure forming is achieved by a closure cold stamping press die, a press, a closure edge cutting device and a closure groove and end face processing device, comprising the steps of:
step one, blanking a seal head blank, wherein the blanking adopts whole plate numerical control cutting blanking;
secondly, pressing the end socket by adopting an end socket cold stamping and shaping die, wherein the specific steps are as follows: after the blank is placed on the female die ring, the stretching slide block and the blank pressing slide block of the press machine rapidly descend, and when the blank pressing ring is 200mm away from the blank, the stretching slide block and the blank pressing slide block slowly descend, and the blank pressing ring contacts the blank to press the edge; when the blank pressing force reaches a set value, the stretching slide block continues to move downwards, the male die contacts the blank to stretch, and the blank is stretched to a set depth and maintained for 3 seconds, so that the stretching is completed; the stretching slide block drives the male die to slowly ascend, and after the male die is separated from the seal head, the stretching slide block and the edge pressing slide block rapidly ascend to an initial position; finally, the ejector pushes up the end socket, and then the end socket is forked out by using a trolley;
step three, scribing edge lines, namely scribing edge height lines on the seal heads after the seal heads are pressed;
fourthly, edge cutting is carried out on the end socket by utilizing an edge cutting device of the end socket, and the specific steps are as follows: dropping the end socket onto the end socket supporting disc by using a crown block; starting the cylinders, and synchronously moving the uniformly distributed cylinders to the center of the sealing head to align the sealing head; closing the cylinder to reset the cylinder; the alignment fine adjustment component fine adjustment function is used for enabling the seal head to be completely placed horizontally; starting a cutting gun, and starting a motor to drive the end socket supporting disc to rotate so as to cut edges of the end socket;
step five, processing the groove and the end face of the end socket by utilizing the groove and the end face processing device of the end socket, wherein the specific steps are as follows: dropping the end socket groove and the end surface processing device on the end socket, so that the clamping wheel and the driving wheel are clamped on the straight edge section and the arc transition area of the end socket; adjusting the angle of the milling cutter to enable the angle of the groove to meet the requirement; opening a driving motor to enable the seal head groove and the end face machining device to walk along the circumferential direction of the seal head; turning on a feeding motor, and adjusting the feeding amount of the milling cutter to ensure the blunt edge size of the groove;
and step six, heat treatment of the sealing head.
9. The method for forming a thick-walled closure for a pressure vessel according to claim 8, wherein the blank size in the first step is:；
in the second step, the seal head is pressed by adopting a fixed Cheng Yazhi, and the blank holder force is set: 4000T; total forming force: 7800T; press forming speed: 5mm/s; stretching stroke: 900mm;
the heat treatment process of the seal head in the step six is as follows: charging the sealing head below 380 ℃, heating to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 55 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h at 640+/-10 ℃, then cooling to 380 ℃ at a cooling rate of 55 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, and finally discharging from the furnace in an air cooling way below 380 ℃.
10. The method for forming thick-wall seal heads for pressure vessels according to claim 8 wherein said die rings are lubricated with polyvinyl chloride film and the upper and lower surfaces of the blank plates of the seal heads are lubricated with lubricant.
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| CN202111383182.1A CN114310157B (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Thick-wall end socket forming method and equipment for pressure container |
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| CN202111383182.1A CN114310157B (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Thick-wall end socket forming method and equipment for pressure container |
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| CN114654004B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2024-04-19 | 河南九天封头制造有限公司 | End socket edge milling beveling machine |
| CN117225988B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-01-12 | 合肥工业大学 | Large-size thin-wall box-type part composite forming device and method |
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