CN114309402A - High-temperature alloy difficult to deform and forging method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature alloy difficult to deform and forging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309402A CN114309402A CN202111642597.6A CN202111642597A CN114309402A CN 114309402 A CN114309402 A CN 114309402A CN 202111642597 A CN202111642597 A CN 202111642597A CN 114309402 A CN114309402 A CN 114309402A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform and a forging method thereof, wherein the forging method of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform sequentially comprises the following steps: heating a steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming a material, cutting the jaw, polishing and inspecting. According to the invention, by forging the special body jaw and optimizing the forging deformation process, the product loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the flaw detection quality and the head-tail tissue uniformity of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy product are also improved, so that the yield of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy forging production, and particularly relates to a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform and a forging method thereof.
Background
The high-temperature alloy difficult to deform is easy to crack in the forging process due to the narrow deformation temperature window, large high-temperature deformation resistance and poor high-temperature plasticity. The alloy product often has an abnormal grain structure due to the characteristics of the alloy. The forging is usually completed at one end, the temperature is already reduced to be outside the window, and the forging is continued after the temperature is re-warmed, so that the phenomenon of idle burning at one end exists, the head is uneven in structure, and sometimes the flaw detection quality is also shown. Therefore, a good jaw is forged, the forging efficiency can be improved, the flaw detection quality can be improved, and the uniformity of head and tail tissues can be improved. The traditional forging jaw R angle camber is big, poor with the concentricity of material, causes the product loss too big, influences going on smoothly of later stage forging simultaneously, can appear crooked or even "S" is bent.
Based on the technical scheme, the special body jaw is forged and the forging deformation process is optimized, so that the aims of reducing product waste and improving product quality are fulfilled. Moreover, no article is mentioned at present about low-loss, high-quality wrought superalloy by special body jaws through literature search and patent inquiry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform and a forging method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of excessive product loss and poor quality of the traditional high-temperature alloy difficult to deform.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a forging method of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform sequentially comprises the following steps: heating a steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming a material, cutting the jaw, polishing and inspecting.
In the forging method of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform, as an optional embodiment, in the tool preparation process, the tool comprises a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker; preferably, the tool preparation process is performed by installing the tool on a tool rail of a rapid forging machine; more preferably, the tool is sequentially installed from inside to outside according to the first visual angle of an operator, namely the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker.
In the forging method of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform as described above, as an alternative embodiment, in the pre-cogging step, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is required by referring to the deformation ratio of the technical standard of the forged finished product; preferably, if the technical standard of the forged finished product is not specified, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is ensured to be more than or equal to 33 percent.
In the forging method of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform, as an optional embodiment, the jaw forging step is performed by calculating the material length, measuring a material length mark from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting a mark with a chopper; preferably, marks are cut all around the pre-opened blank with a chopper.
In the forging method of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform as described above, as an alternative embodiment, in the jaw forging step, the forged jaw size is the same as the size of the finished product before turning.
In the forging method of the hard-to-deform superalloy, the cutting jaw process may be determined as in-line hot cutting or in-line cold cutting according to actual conditions.
As an optional embodiment, when a sample needs to be forged, the sample is cut off on line after calculation, and is forged after being tempered by a furnace with a jaw; when the sample does not need to be forged, the sample is cut after the offline flaw detection positioning.
In an alternative embodiment, the forming step is performed by forging the hard-to-deform superalloy in the same direction by using a jaw of a rapid forging machine.
The forging method of the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform is used as an optional embodiment, and the finished product is a high-temperature alloy round bar difficult to deform; preferably, the diameter of the hard-to-deform superalloy round rod is in the range of 200-450 mm.
The invention also provides a forging method of the hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, by forging the special body jaw and optimizing the forging deformation process, the product loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the flaw detection quality and the head-tail tissue uniformity of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy product are also improved, so that the yield of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy is improved. Compared with the traditional production mode, the forging method does not need to increase special equipment and tools, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation method, low loss, uniform structure and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a forged jaw in a conventional manufacturing process;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of forged jaws at step 4 in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention provides a forging method aiming at the characteristics of difficult-to-deform high-temperature alloy (large high-temperature deformation resistance, poor high-temperature plasticity, easy cracking and the like) in a quick forging machine, and by forging a special body jaw, the product loss can be reduced, the difference of head and tail structures of the product can be eliminated, and the difficult-to-deform high-temperature alloy product with ideal flaw detection quality and microstructure can be obtained. Compared with the traditional production mode, the forging method does not need to increase special equipment and tools, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation method, low loss, uniform tissue and the like.
It should be noted that the high temperature alloy refers to a high temperature metal alloy material that works for a long time under a certain stress condition at over 760-.
In order to effectively reduce the product loss, improve the yield and obtain good flaw detection quality and uniform austenite grain structure, the invention improves the forging efficiency of the product by forging the special body jaw with low loss, and finally obtains the finished ring piece. The method specifically comprises the following steps: steel ingot heating → tool preparation → pre-cogging → jaw forging → finished product → cutting jaw → car polishing → inspection.
The steel ingot heating process comprises the specific operation of putting a consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to process requirements to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature and the heating time of the consumable steel ingot are determined according to the specific alloy types, and the heating temperature and the heating time of each alloy are different.
The specific operation of the tool preparation process is that complete preparation is firstly carried out on tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a throwing device, and compared with the traditional production mode, the invention adds the chopping knife as a necessary tool. And then mounting the tooling onto a tooling rail of a rapid forging machine. As a preferred scheme, the mounting sequence of the tool is that the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker are sequentially arranged from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator, and the forging anvil is placed at the innermost side so as to ensure that the operator has a good visual angle in the forging process; the mincing knife is installed close to the forging anvil, so that marks can be conveniently and quickly cut on the periphery of the jaw.
In the pre-cogging procedure, the blank size needs to ensure the technical standard of the forged finished product or the requirement of the potential deformation ratio, if the technical standard of the forged finished product does not provide the requirement on the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance, and the forging deformation ratio of the finished product refers to the potential deformation ratio requirement.
Preferably, if the technical standard of the forged finished product is not specified, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is ensured to be more than or equal to 33 percent.
The jaw forging process is specifically operated in such a way that the material length is calculated, then the material length mark is measured from the end of the pre-opened blank, and then the mark is cut by a chopper.
Preferably, the marks are cut all around the pre-opened blank by a chopper.
More preferably, the marking knife is used for cutting marks with the same depth on the periphery of the pre-opened blank, so that the jaw is forged without an R-angle cutting slope, and the jaw and the blank are concentric. Wherein the depth of the stamp is set to be in the range of 30-40mm (e.g. 30mm, 32mm, 34mm, 36mm, 38mm or 40 mm).
In the jaw forging procedure, the forged jaw size is consistent with the size of the finished product before polishing.
The operation of the material forming process is that after the furnace is returned and the temperature is restored, a jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, the finished product is forged along the same direction, and the high-temperature alloy which is difficult to deform is quickly forged in a temperature-increasing mode within a smaller temperature window (less than or equal to 150 ℃). When the temperature of the steel ingot or the steel billet is reduced to 150 ℃ below the heating temperature, various quality problems, such as surface cracks, overlarge crystal grain range, unqualified tissues, core cracks and the like, can occur if the forging is continued.
As a preferred embodiment, the jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, and the finished product is forged in one direction from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. The clamping jaws are forged in the same direction, so that material waste can be reduced, and the uniformity of head and tail tissues can be ensured.
The cutting jaw procedure is determined as online hot cutting or offline cold cutting according to actual conditions.
As a preferred embodiment, when a single forged sample (such as a rectangular sample of 90 mm) is required, the sample is cut off on line after accurate calculation, and the sample is forged after being tempered by a furnace returning with a jaw.
As another preferred embodiment, when a separately forged sample is not required, it is cut after the site is probed under the wire.
The polishing process and the inspection process are carried out according to corresponding standard requirements, namely, the polishing operation is carried out on the forged bar according to the standard requirements; the inspection procedure is to inspect various physical and chemical indexes according to standard requirements.
According to the invention, a more ideal high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform is finally obtained through the working procedures, and the finished product is a high-temperature alloy round bar difficult to deform.
The diameter range of the hard-to-deform superalloy round rod is 200-450mm (such as 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm or 450 mm).
The technical principle of reducing loss, improving product quality and eliminating head-tail tissue deviation in the forging process is as follows: the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform needs to be subjected to temperature-controlled forging in a temperature window. In the traditional forging process, turning around means that one end of a bar is forged firstly, and after the forging is finished, turning around is carried out by using a crown block or a trackless trolley, and then the other end is forged. The production efficiency is certainly influenced in the process, and in the case of the alloy difficult to deform, the product quality is influenced more importantly because the temperature of the bar materials is inconsistent in the two-end forging process. Both affect forging efficiency and forging quality. The process of forging the bent bar must be repeated to remove straight bends, straighten, etc. Both of these operations affect forging efficiency and forging quality. According to the invention, marks with the same depth are cut on the periphery by using the mincing knife before forging the jaw, then an R-angle slope cannot appear when the jaw is forged, the jaw and a concentric shaft of a blank are better, and the jaw is clamped for forging in the same direction, so that the material waste can be reduced, and the uniformity of head and tail tissues can be ensured.
The hard-to-deform superalloy and the forging method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention utilizes GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot to produce phi 265mm bar, the manufacturing process of phi 250mm after polishing, the specification of the required finished product is as follows: phi 250 mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading a steel ingot into a furnace: putting the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the process requirements for steel ingot heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1140-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5h, wherein the steel ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.05; si: 0.04; mn: 0.02; cr: 14.56; ni: and (4) remaining; mo: 2.97 of; p: 0.003; s: 0.001; al: 1.70; ti: 2.65 of; nb: 2.07; cu: 0.02; fe: 0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before production on a 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker must be completely prepared and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tools are sequentially the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
And step 3: pre-cogging: the GH4698 alloy phi 638mm steel ingot is pre-blanked to 350mm square (fillet square) through a plurality of fire times. No requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product in the standard, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (fillet square). The deformation ratio of the actual reserved finished product is as follows: [ (350 × 350) - (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) ]/(350 × 350) ═ 55%.
And 4, step 4: forging a jaw: the required cut print length, [ (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) × 400]/(350 × 350) ═ 180mm was calculated. Measuring a mark of 180mm from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting marks on the periphery of the pre-opened blank by using a mincing knife, wherein the cutting and marking depth is 35 mm.
And 5: forming materials: after the furnace is returned to be reheated, the jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, and forging is carried out from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into a sixteen-angle of 280mm, and then throwing the nut to form a round with the diameter of 265 mm.
Step 6: cutting a jaw: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to be forged separately to form a 90-square mm-like right-angle square sample, so that flaw detection is carried out under a jaw line, and positioning and cutting are carried out.
And 7: vehicle lighting: and turning the forged bar material with the diameter of 265mm to 250mm according to the standard requirement.
And 8: and (4) checking: and (5) checking according to standard requirements. The test result is as follows: flaw detection is of class A (GB/T4162), and the head and tail tissues are uniform.
And step 9: and forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention utilizes GH4141 alloy phi 508mm consumable ingot to produce phi 265mm bar, and the specification of the required finished product is as follows: phi 250 mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading a steel ingot into a furnace: putting the phi 508mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the process requirements for steel ingot heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1150-116 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3h, and the mass percentage of each element component of the steel ingot is as follows: c: 0.08; si: 0.03; mn: 0.03; cr: 19.03; ni: and (4) remaining; mo: 9.71; p: 0.002; s: 0.001; al: 1.54; ti: 3.14; co: 11.07; cu: 0.02; fe: 0.44.
step 2: preparing a tool: before production on a 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a breaker and the like must be completely prepared and are arranged on a tool track of the quick forging machine; the tool is sequentially provided with an anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator in the installation sequence of the tool.
And step 3: pre-cogging: the GH4141 alloy phi 508mm steel ingot is pre-blanked to a square of 380mm (fillet square) through a plurality of fire times. No requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product in the standard, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (fillet square). The deformation ratio of the actual reserved finished product is as follows: [ (380 × 380) - (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) ]/(380 × 380) — 61.82%.
And 4, step 4: forging a jaw: the required cut print length, [ (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) × 400]/(380 × 380) — 152mm is calculated. Measuring 152mm mark from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting marks on the periphery of the pre-opened blank by using a mincing knife, wherein the cutting and marking depth is 45 mm.
And 5: forming materials: after the furnace is returned to be reheated, the jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, and forging is carried out from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into a sixteen-angle of 280mm, and then throwing the nut to form a round with the diameter of 265 mm.
Step 6: cutting a jaw: the GH4141 alloy contract needs to be independently forged into a 90mm right-angle square sample, so that a jaw is cut off by a mincing knife on line, and the 90mm right-angle square sample is forged after being returned to a furnace and reheated.
And 7: vehicle lighting: and turning the forged bar material with the diameter of 265mm to 250mm according to the standard requirement.
And 8: and (4) checking: and (5) checking according to standard requirements. The test result is as follows: flaw detection is of class A (GB/T4162), and the head and tail tissues are uniform.
And step 9: and forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Example 3
In the embodiment 3 of the invention, a GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 315mm rod, and the specification of a required finished product is as follows in the manufacturing process of phi 300mm after polishing: phi 300 mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading a steel ingot into a furnace: and (3) putting the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the process requirements to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature is 1140-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours. The steel ingot comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.05; si: 0.04; mn: 0.02; cr: 14.56; ni: and (4) remaining; mo: 2.97 of; p: 0.003; s: 0.001; al: 1.70; ti: 2.65 of; nb: 2.07; cu: 0.02; fe: 0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before production on a 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker must be completely prepared and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tools are sequentially the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
And step 3: pre-cogging: the GH4698 alloy phi 638mm steel ingot is pre-blanked to 400mm square (fillet square) through a plurality of fire times. No requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product in the standard, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 400mm square (fillet square). The deformation ratio of the actual reserved finished product is as follows: [ (400 × 400) - (315 × 315 × 3.14/4) ]/(400 × 400) — 51%.
And 4, step 4: forging a jaw: the cut print length, [ (315 × 315 × 3.14/4) × 400]/(400 × 400) × 195mm is required for calculation. Measuring a mark of 195mm from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting marks on the periphery of the pre-opened blank by using a mincing knife, wherein the cutting and marking depth is 35 mm.
And 5: forming materials: after the furnace is returned to be reheated, the jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, and forging is carried out from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into 320mm sixteen angle, and then throwing into a round to form phi 315 mm.
Step 6: cutting a jaw: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to be forged separately to form a 90-square mm-like right-angle square sample, so that flaw detection is carried out under a jaw line, and positioning and cutting are carried out.
And 7: vehicle lighting: and turning the forged bar material with the diameter of 315mm to the diameter of 300mm according to the standard requirement.
And 8: and (4) checking: and (5) checking according to standard requirements. The test result is as follows: flaw detection is of class A (GB/T4162), and the head and tail tissues are uniform.
And step 9: and forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Example 4
In the embodiment 4 of the invention, a phi 295mm rod is produced by using GH4141 alloy phi 508mm consumable ingot, and the specification of a required finished product is as follows in the manufacturing process of phi 280mm after polishing: phi 280 mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading a steel ingot into a furnace: and (3) putting the phi 508mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the process requirements to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature is 1150-sand 1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours. The steel ingot comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.08; si: 0.03; mn: 0.03; cr: 19.03; ni: and (4) remaining; mo: 9.71; p: 0.002; s: 0.001; al: 1.54; ti: 3.14; co: 11.07; cu: 0.02; fe: 0.44.
step 2: preparing a tool: before production on a 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a breaker and the like must be completely prepared and are arranged on a tool track of the quick forging machine; the tool is sequentially provided with an anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator in the installation sequence of the tool.
And step 3: pre-cogging: the GH4141 alloy phi 508mm steel ingot is pre-blanked to a 410mm square (fillet square) through a plurality of fire times. No requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product in the standard, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 410mm square (round corner square). The deformation ratio of the actual reserved finished product is as follows: [ (410 × 410) - (295 × 295 × 3.14/4) ]/(410 × 410) — 59.36%.
And 4, step 4: forging a jaw: the calculation required the cut print length, [ (295 × 295 × 3.14/4) × 400]/(410 × 410) ═ 163 mm. Measuring 163mm marks from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting marks on the periphery of the pre-opened blank by using a mincing knife, wherein the cutting and marking depth is 45 mm.
And 5: forming materials: after the furnace is returned to be reheated, the jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, and forging is carried out from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. And after the die is forged into a sixteen-angle die with the diameter of 305mm, the die is thrown and rounded to form the die with the diameter of 295 mm.
Step 6: cutting a jaw: the GH4141 alloy contract needs to be independently forged into a 90mm right-angle square sample, so that a jaw is cut off by a mincing knife on line, and the 90mm right-angle square sample is forged after being returned to a furnace and reheated.
And 7: vehicle lighting: and turning the forged bar material with the diameter of phi 295mm to the diameter of phi 280mm according to the standard requirement.
And 8: and (4) checking: and (5) checking according to standard requirements. The test result is as follows: flaw detection is of class A (GB/T4162), and the head and tail tissues are uniform.
And step 9: and forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Comparative example 1
In comparative example 1 of the invention, a GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot is used to produce a phi 265mm rod, and the specification of a required finished product is as follows: phi 250 mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading a steel ingot into a furnace: putting the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the process requirements for steel ingot heating, wherein the heating temperature is as follows: 1140 and 1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time: 3-5 hours. The steel ingot comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.05; si: 0.04; mn: 0.02; cr: 14.56; ni: and (4) remaining; mo: 2.97 of; p: 0.003; s: 0.001; al: 1.70; ti: 2.65 of; nb: 2.07; cu: 0.02; fe: 0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before production on a 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker must be completely prepared and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tools are sequentially the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
And step 3: pre-cogging: the GH4698 alloy phi 638mm steel ingot is pre-blanked to 350mm square (fillet square) through a plurality of fire times. No requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product in the standard, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (fillet square). The deformation ratio of the actual reserved finished product is as follows: [ (350 × 350) - (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) ]/(350 × 350) ═ 55%.
And 4, step 4: forging a common jaw: the required body length of the forging jaw, [ (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) × 400]/(350 × 350) × 180mm was calculated. And measuring 180mm long forged phi 265mm jaws from the end of the pre-opened blank, wherein the actual jaws are 400mm long and the excessive inclined surface of the body is 150mm long. In comparison with example 1, the yield is reduced by 2-3%.
And 5: forming materials: after the furnace is returned to be reheated, the jaw is clamped by a quick forging machine, and forging is carried out from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into a sixteen-angle of 280mm, and then throwing the nut to form a round with the diameter of 265 mm.
Step 6: cutting a jaw: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to be forged separately to form a 90-square mm-like right-angle square sample, so that flaw detection is carried out under a jaw line, and positioning and cutting are carried out.
And 7: vehicle lighting: and turning the forged bar material with the diameter of 265mm to 250mm according to the standard requirement.
And 8: and (4) checking: and (5) checking according to standard requirements. The test result is as follows: the flaw detection A-grade (GB/T4162) has uniform head and tail tissues.
And step 9: and forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform. The yield is 2-3% lower than that of example 1.
Comparative example 2
In comparative example 2 of the invention, a GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 265mm rod, and the specification of a required finished product is as follows in the manufacturing process of phi 250mm after polishing: phi 250 mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: loading a steel ingot into a furnace: putting the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the process requirements for steel ingot heating, wherein the heating temperature is as follows: 1140 and 1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time: 3-5 hours. The steel ingot comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.05; si: 0.04; mn: 0.02; cr: 14.56; ni: and (4) remaining; mo: 2.97 of; p: 0.003; s: 0.001; al: 1.70; ti: 2.65 of; nb: 2.07; cu: 0.02; fe: 0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before production on a 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker must be completely prepared and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tools are sequentially the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
And step 3: pre-cogging: the GH4698 alloy phi 638mm steel ingot is pre-blanked to 350mm square (fillet square) through a plurality of fire times. No requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product in the standard, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (fillet square). The deformation ratio of the actual reserved finished product is as follows: [ (350 × 350) - (265 × 265 × 3.14/4) ]/(350 × 350) ═ 55%.
And 4, step 4: forging is carried out in a 'U-turn' mode without forging a jaw.
And 5: forming materials: after the furnace is returned and the temperature is restored, the head end is forged by a quick forging machine in a turning way, the head end is forged, the tail end is forged by a trackless vehicle or a crown block in a turning way. Forging into a sixteen-angle of 280mm, and then respectively throwing two ends of the throwing piece into a round shape with the diameter of 265 mm.
Step 6: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to be forged separately to form a 90-square mm-like right-angle square sample, so that the end is cut in an offline flaw detection and positioning mode. In comparative example 1, a large number of cracks were generated on the surface.
And 7: vehicle lighting: and turning the forged bar material with the diameter of 265mm to 250mm according to the standard requirement.
And 8: and (4) checking: and (5) checking according to standard requirements. The test result is as follows: the head flaw detection is of class A (GB/T4162) and the tail flaw detection is of class B (GB/T4162), and is displayed by noise.
And step 9: and forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform. The yield is 2-3% lower than that of example 1.
In summary, the following steps: according to the invention, by forging the special body jaw and optimizing the forging deformation process, the product loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and simultaneously the flaw detection quality and the head-tail tissue uniformity of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy product are improved, so that the yield of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy is improved. Compared with the traditional production mode, the forging method does not need to increase special equipment and tools, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation method, low loss, uniform structure and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A forging method of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: heating a steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming a material, cutting the jaw, polishing and inspecting.
2. The method for forging the high-temperature alloy difficult to deform according to claim 1, wherein in the tool preparation process, the tool comprises a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a breaker;
preferably, the tool preparation process is performed by installing the tool on a tool rail of a rapid forging machine;
more preferably, the tool is sequentially installed from inside to outside according to the first visual angle of an operator, namely the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the breaker.
3. The method for forging a high-temperature alloy hard to deform as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the pre-cogging step, the forging strain ratio of the product is determined by the strain ratio requirement of the technical standard of the forged product;
preferably, if the technical standard of the forged finished product is not specified, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is ensured to be more than or equal to 33 percent.
4. The method of forging a hard-to-deform superalloy as in claim 3, wherein the jaw forging step is performed by calculating a material length, measuring a material length mark from an end of the pre-opened billet, and cutting a mark with a chopper;
preferably, marks are cut all around the pre-opened blank with a chopper.
5. The method for forging a hardly deformable superalloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the jaw forging step, the forged jaw size is the same as the size of a finished product before turning.
6. The method for forging a high-temperature alloy hard to deform according to claim 1, wherein the step of cutting the jaws is actually determined as in-line hot cutting or in-line cold cutting.
7. The method for forging a high-temperature alloy hard to deform as claimed in claim 6, wherein when a sample is required to be forged, the sample is calculated, cut off on line, tempered and forged with a jaw;
when the sample does not need to be forged, the sample is cut after the offline flaw detection positioning.
8. The method of forging a high-temperature alloy hard to deform as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the forming step is performed by forging a product in the same direction by using a jaw of a rapid forging machine.
9. The method of forging a hard-to-deform superalloy as in claim 8, wherein the final product is a hard-to-deform superalloy rod;
preferably, the diameter of the hard-to-deform superalloy round rod is in the range of 200-450 mm.
10. A wrought alloy of the hard-to-deform superalloy as defined in any of claims 1 to 9.
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