CN114307408A - Preparation method of high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material. The preparation method comprises the steps of drying polymer slices; blending modification of high intrinsic viscosity polymer chips; blending modification of low intrinsic viscosity polymer chips; preparing a coarse fiber net with a primary filtering effect by adopting a high intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modifier; preparing a fine fiber web with a high-grade filtering effect by using a low intrinsic viscosity polymer chip blending modifier; and (3) bonding the coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net by utilizing a needling treatment technology, and performing high-voltage electro-electret treatment to obtain the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material. According to the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material, the mesoporous inorganic electret and the nano inorganic electret which have porous adsorption on particles with different particle sizes are added, so that the air permeability, the tensile strength, the longitudinal breaking strength and the mildew resistance of the filter material are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material.
Background
With the increasing environmental pollution, social progress and improvement of living standard of people, the influence of air quality on human health is more and more noticed. Since 2013 in winter, the problem of air pollution caused by the fact that people seek healthy life due to the fact that the haze weather continues for many times is a main obstacle. According to the information published by the U.S. environmental protection agency, suspended particles with a size of less than 2.5 μm are a main cause of injury to human respiratory tract and extrapulmonary organs, and are also a main source of air pollution. Researches show that harmful substances in the haze mainly comprise four main categories of organic alkane, sulfate, nitrate in automobile exhaust and soot generated by incomplete fuel. Besides the influence on human life, the existence of suspended particles can cause immeasurable loss to precision instruments used in industries such as electronics, precision machinery, metallurgy, aerospace, nuclear energy, chemical engineering and the like. In order to build a good living environment for human beings and promote the development of high-precision industries, air pollution control becomes the problem which is the first solution for sustainable development in China.
While fundamentally stopping pollutant emission, the method of filtering to intercept and adsorb harmful particles, especially small-sized particles in polluted air is also one of effective means for treating air pollution. However, the filtration products put on the market at present generally achieve the purpose of filtration by changing the types of polymers (by using degradable materials), changing electret masterbatches or using a multi-layer non-woven fabric pressing process, for example, an air filter for non-woven fabric filtration disclosed in CN213192955U achieves the effects of adsorption and bacteriostasis by sandwiching an activated carbon layer between two non-woven fabric layers; a double-layer non-woven fabric filtering dust-collecting bag disclosed in CN213492518U forms a dust-collecting bag by the mode combination of non-woven fabric/disinfection filtering layer/non-woven fabric; CN112853619B discloses an environment-friendly air filtration non-woven fabric and a production process and application thereof, which is formed by mixing polypropylene, electret master batches and polymer electrets for spinning, drafting and rolling, and has a certain air filtration effect; CN110404339A is used for preparing a low-resistance PM2.5 filter material by using an antibacterial and mildewproof filter support layer formed by polymer fibers and mildewproof nanoparticles; CN104711764B takes polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-particles as raw materials and obtains a non-woven material by utilizing an improved melt-blown superfine fiber processing technology; CN 108708079A provides a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant melt-spraying electret non-woven filter material by taking polylactic acid as a raw material; CN 112853619A is prepared by mixing polypropylene, electret masterbatch and polymer electret uniformly and then passing the mixture through a screw extruder and a spinneret plate. Although the filtering material has a filtering effect, the filtering material has the defects of poor strength, low efficiency, uneven distribution of active ingredients, low dust holding rate, short service life of a product, low cost performance and the like due to simple multi-layer pressing, few filtering active factors and no clear division of labor among layers, and finally causes the problems of breakage, mildew and the like of the filtering material due to external factors (such as large air quantity, much rainfall, large humidity) in the using process of the product, so that the filtering material is ineffective.
Therefore, a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filtering material needs to be explored for filtering suspended particles in the air, and the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filtering material has a very wide prospect in the fields of ventilation, air conditioning, air purification engineering and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material. The preparation method improves the characteristics of wind resistance, moisture resistance and mildew resistance of the non-woven fabric filter material, has high dust holding capacity and high filtering efficiency, and is suitable for the fields of air purification, tail gas treatment, industrial waste gas filtration, haze prevention masks and the like.
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mould-proof filtering material comprises the following steps:
(1) drying polymer slices: drying the high intrinsic viscosity or low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices;
(2) blending modification of high intrinsic viscosity polymer chips: mixing the dried high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the mesoporous inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain a high intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance;
(3) blending modification of low intrinsic viscosity polymer chips: mixing the dried low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the nano inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain a low intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance;
(4) melting and extruding the high intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance prepared in the step (2) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by hot air, and forming a material with a coarse fiber structure, then shaping by cold air, lapping, and hot rolling and reinforcing to form a coarse fiber net with a primary filtering effect;
(5) melting and extruding the low intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance prepared in the step (3) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by hot air, and forming an ultrafine filament material, then shaping by cold air, lapping, and hot rolling and reinforcing to form a fine fiber net with a high-grade filtering effect;
(6) and (3) bonding the coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net by utilizing a needling treatment technology, and performing high-voltage electro-electret treatment to obtain the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material.
Wherein:
the polymer slice in the step (1) is one or two of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or polylactic acid (PLA) slices.
The intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slices in the step (1) is 0.3-1.2dL/g, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices is 0.7-1.2dL/g, and the intrinsic viscosity of the low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices is 0.3-0.6 dL/g.
The drying temperature in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃, and the drying time is 1-5 h.
The mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is one or more of a silicon dioxide-based mesoporous material, a titanium dioxide-based mesoporous material, a alumina-based mesoporous material or a zinc sulfide-based mesoporous material, and the particle size is 100-400 nm.
The fluid additives in the step (2) and the step (3) are the same and are one of Enox DTBP (manufacturer, Jiangsu Qiangsheng), FM (manufacturer, Basff) or WS (manufacturer, Wacker).
The mass ratio of the high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is 100:0.5-5: 5-15.
The twin-screw extrusion temperature range in the step (2) is 180-280 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30-50 ℃, the air drying time is 25-45 min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m.
The nano inorganic electret in the step (3) is one or more of nano silver, nano copper, nano zinc or nano titanium dioxide, and the particle size is 20-100 nm.
The mass ratio of the low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the nano inorganic electret in the step (3) is 100:0.5-5: 3-7.
The twin-screw extrusion temperature range in the step (3) is 150-240 ℃, the condensation temperature is 25-45 ℃, the air drying time is 15-30min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m.
The process parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the melt temperature is 230-.
The drafting parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the drawing wind speed is 3500m/min-5000 m/min.
The cold air parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the cooling temperature is 25-50 deg.C, and the cooling time is 20-45 min.
The hot rolling parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 3kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130-.
The curing temperature in the step (4) is 35-50 ℃, and the curing time is 22-30 min.
The material with a coarser fiber structure in the step (4) has a fiber diameter of 1.5-3 μm.
The coarse fiber net with the primary filtering effect in the step (4) is capable of filtering particles with the size between 2 and 50 nm.
The process parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the melt temperature is 180-.
The drafting parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the drawing wind speed is 6000m/min-8000 m/min.
The cold air parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the cooling temperature is 20-40 deg.C, and the cooling time is 15-25 min.
The hot rolling parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 2.5kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120-.
The curing temperature in the step (5) is 25-35 ℃, and the curing time is 15-30 min.
The superfine filament material in the step (5) has the fiber diameter of 0.5-1.2 mu m.
The fine fiber web of high filtering effect described in step (5) is capable of filtering particles having a size of less than 2 nm.
The mass ratio of the coarse fiber net to the superfine fiber net in the step (6) is 1:3.5-1: 10.
The needling process parameters in the step (6) are as follows: the needle density is 4000-8000 pieces/m, the needle frequency is 1000-1500 pieces/min, the output speed is 5-10m/min, and the needle depth is 8-20 mm.
The electret voltage in the step (6) is 20-50 KV.
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mould-proof filtering material comprises a coarse fiber net and a superfine fiber net, wherein a fluid auxiliary agent is added in the preparation process to solve the problem of reduction of the strength of the fiber net, and the moisture resistance, mould resistance and depth filtration properties of the filtering material are improved by advanced filtration of the nano inorganic electret after primary filtration of the mesoporous inorganic electret.
Compare with the mould proof filter material of low resistance of high strength that this application prepared, traditional filter material include glass fiber, synthetic fiber, non-woven fabrics.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mould-proof filtering material comprises the following steps:
(1) the polymer chips with different intrinsic viscosities were dried.
(2) And mixing the dried polymer slices (divided into high intrinsic viscosity and low intrinsic viscosity), the fluid additive and the mesoporous inorganic electret agent or the nano inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain the polymer slice blending modification.
(3) The method comprises the steps of melting and extruding a blend modifier obtained by taking high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices and mesoporous inorganic electret as raw materials in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by drawing wind, and shaping by cold wind to form a material with a relatively thick fiber structure, then lapping, and carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber mesh.
(4) The method comprises the steps of melting and extruding a blending modified substance which is obtained by taking polymer slices with low intrinsic viscosity and a nano inorganic electret as raw materials in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by drawing wind, shaping by cold wind to form an ultrafine filament material, then lapping, and carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a fine fiber mesh.
(5) The coarse fiber net and the fine fiber net are bonded by utilizing a needling treatment technology, and a high-voltage electro-electret treatment is carried out to obtain the filtering material with high filtering efficiency, high strength, high dust holding capacity and mildew resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material provided by the invention improves the air permeability, tensile strength, longitudinal rupture strength and mildew resistance of the filter material by adding the mesoporous inorganic electret (the particle size of the adsorption particles is between 2 and 50nm) and the nano inorganic electret (the particle size of the adsorption particles is less than 2nm) which have porous adsorption on particles with different particle sizes.
(2) The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material provided by the invention utilizes the fluid auxiliary agent to improve the polymer winding state, improve the lubricity among polymer molecules, and improve the energy transfer among polymer chain segments, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the fluidity of the polymer.
(3) The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mould-proof filtering material comprises the following steps of: the coarse fiber net has loose structure, good air permeability and high fiber strength, plays a supporting role in the filter material, and is more beneficial to filtering large-particle-size particles (the particles with the particle size of 2-50nm can be adsorbed); the superfine fiber net has compact structure and high bulkiness, determines the filtering efficiency of the filtering material, and is beneficial to filtering fine particle size particles (the particles with the particle size smaller than 2nm can be adsorbed). The filter material formed by the two fiber nets through needle punching adhesion has better filter effect on particles with different particle sizes, and the dust holding capacity, the filter speed and the efficiency are higher than those of the traditional filter material. In addition, the introduction of the coarse fiber net with the supporting function greatly improves the wind resistance and pressure resistance of the filter material, and the stability of the material is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the bacteriostatic rates of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildewproof filtering material in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) polypropylene chips with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.3dL/g and high intrinsic viscosity of 0.9dL/g) were dried at 105 ℃ for 3 h.
(2) Blending the dried high intrinsic viscosity polypropylene slices, the fluid auxiliary agent Enox DTBP and the mesoporous inorganic electret agent silicon dioxide (the average particle size is 150nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:3.5:8, extruding, condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain the polymer slice blending modification, wherein the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30 ℃, the air-drying time is 30min, and the dicing size of the dicing cutter is 40 mu m, and finally obtaining the high intrinsic viscosity blending modification.
(3) Blending the dried low intrinsic viscosity polypropylene slices, the fluid additive Enox DTBP and the nano inorganic electret nano silver (the average particle size is 50nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:1:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain the polymer slice blending modification, wherein the extrusion temperature is 150 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30 ℃, the air-drying time is 20min, and the dicing size of the dicing cutter is 60 mu m, so that the low intrinsic viscosity blending modification is finally obtained.
(4) The high intrinsic viscosity blending modification substance is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is formed into a material with a thicker fiber structure under the actions of metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice and hot air traction and stretching, wherein the melt temperature is 240 ℃, the hot air temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 50Hz, the receiving distance is 6cm, the melt ejection amount is 200kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 170m/min, and the drawing air speed is 3500 m/min.
(5) And cooling and forming the crude fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the crude fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 150 ℃, the hot rolling time is 12s, the hot rolling ratio is 15%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, and the solidification time is 30min, so that the average diameter of the crude fiber is 1.67 mu m.
(6) The low intrinsic viscosity blending modification substance is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is metered by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and pulled and stretched by hot air to form a material with a fine fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 190 ℃, the hot air temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 70Hz, the melt ejection amount is 160kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 190m/min, and the receiving distance is 13 cm.
(7) The superfine fiber material is cooled and formed by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then the superfine fiber material is subjected to hot rolling and reinforcement to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15s, the hot rolling ratio is 15%, the solidification temperature is 25 ℃, the solidification time is 30min, and the average diameter of the obtained superfine fiber is 0.87 mu m.
(8) The coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net (the mass ratio is 1:6) are bonded by utilizing a needling treatment technology, the planting needle density is 4000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1500 punches/min, the output speed is 8m/min, the needling depth is 12mm, and finally, the high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 25KV) treatment is carried out to obtain the mildew-resistant filter material with high filtering efficiency, high strength and high dust holding capacity.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the filter material described in comparative example 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) polypropylene chips with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.3dL/g and high intrinsic viscosity of 0.9dL/g) were dried at 105 ℃ for 3 h.
(2) The dried polypropylene slices with high intrinsic viscosity are melted and extruded in an extruder, and then are metered by a metering pump, melt blown by a spinneret orifice and pulled and stretched by hot air to form a material with a thicker fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 240 ℃, the hot air temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 50Hz, the receiving distance is 6cm, the melt ejection amount is 200kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 170m/min, the drafting air speed is 3500m/min, and the average fiber diameter is 3.18 mu m.
(3) And cooling and forming the crude fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the crude fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15s, the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing time is 30 min.
(4) The dried polypropylene slices with low intrinsic viscosity are melted and extruded in an extruder, and then are metered by a metering pump, melt blown by a spinneret orifice and pulled and stretched by hot air to form a material with a fine fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 190 ℃, the hot air temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 70Hz, the receiving distance is 13cm, the melt ejection amount is 160kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 190m/min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 2.24 mu m.
(5) Cooling and molding the superfine fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the superfine fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15s, the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing time is 30 min.
(6) And (3) bonding the coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net (the mass ratio is 1:6) by using a needling treatment technology, wherein the planting needle density is 4000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1500 punches/min, the output speed is 8m/min, the needling depth is 12mm, and finally, processing by using a high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 25KV) to obtain the filter material of the comparative example 1.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildewproof filtering material in the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) polybutylene terephthalate slices with different intrinsic viscosities (the low intrinsic viscosity is 0.6dL/g, and the high intrinsic viscosity is 1dL/g) are dried at 85 ℃ for 5 h.
(2) And (2) mixing the dried high intrinsic viscosity polybutylene terephthalate slices, a fluid additive FM and a mesoporous inorganic electret titanium dioxide (the average particle size is 300nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:0.8:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain a polymer slice mixing modified substance, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ℃, the condensation temperature is 40 ℃, the air-drying time is 40min, and the dicing size of the dicing cutter is 50 mu m, and finally obtaining the high intrinsic viscosity mixing modified substance.
(3) And (2) blending the dried low intrinsic viscosity polybutylene terephthalate slices, the fluid additive FM and the nano inorganic electret nano copper in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:0.5:3, extruding, condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain a polymer slice blending modified substance, wherein the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃, the condensation temperature is 35 ℃, the air-drying time is 30min, and the dicing size of the dicing cutter is 50 mu m, and finally the low intrinsic viscosity blending modified substance is obtained.
(4) The high intrinsic viscosity blending modification substance is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is metered by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and pulled and stretched by hot air to form a material with a thicker fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 250 ℃, the hot air temperature is 260 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 53Hz, the receiving distance is 7cm, the melt ejection amount is 185kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 172m/min, and the drawing air speed is 4000 m/min.
(5) And cooling and forming the crude fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the crude fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 50 ℃, the cooling time is 45min, the hot rolling pressure is 4.5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot rolling time is 12s, the hot rolling ratio is 20%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, the solidification time is 22min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 1.92 mu m.
(6) The low intrinsic viscosity blending modification substance is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is formed into a material with a thinner fiber structure under the actions of metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice and hot air traction and stretching, wherein the melt temperature is 200 ℃, the hot air temperature is 260 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.2MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 68Hz, the receiving distance is 14cm, the melt ejection amount is 165kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 185m/min, and the drawing air speed is 6000m/min.
(7) The superfine fiber material is cooled and formed by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then the superfine fiber material is subjected to hot rolling and reinforcement to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot rolling pressure is 3kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 145 ℃, the hot rolling time is 17s, the hot rolling ratio is 18%, the solidification temperature is 30 ℃, the solidification time is 15min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 1.01 mu m.
(8) The coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net (the mass ratio is 1:3.5) are bonded by utilizing a needling treatment technology, the planting needle density is 6000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, the needling depth is 10mm, and finally, the high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 30KV) treatment is carried out to obtain the mildew-resistant filter material with high filtering efficiency, high strength and high dust holding capacity.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the filter material in the comparative example 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) polybutylene terephthalate slices with different intrinsic viscosities (the low intrinsic viscosity is 0.6dL/g, and the high intrinsic viscosity is 1dL/g) are dried at 85 ℃ for 5 h.
(2) The dried polybutylene terephthalate with high intrinsic viscosity is cut into slices in an extruder, and then the slices are melted and extruded, and then the slices are metered by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a thicker fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 250 ℃, the hot air temperature is 260 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 53Hz, the receiving distance is 7cm, the melt ejection amount is 185kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 172m/min, and the drawing air speed is 4000 m/min.
(3) And cooling and forming the crude fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the crude fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 50 ℃, the cooling time is 45min, the hot rolling pressure is 4.5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot rolling time is 12s, the hot rolling ratio is 20%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, the solidification time is 22min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 3.47 mu m.
(4) The dried polybutylene terephthalate with low intrinsic viscosity is cut into slices in an extruder, and then the slices are melted and extruded, and then the slices are metered by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form the material with a fine fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 200 ℃, the hot air temperature is 260 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.2MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 68Hz, the receiving distance is 14cm, the melt ejection amount is 165kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 185m/min, and the drawing air speed is 6000m/min.
(5) The superfine fiber material is cooled and formed by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then the superfine fiber material is subjected to hot rolling and reinforcement to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot rolling pressure is 3kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 145 ℃, the hot rolling time is 17s, the hot rolling ratio is 18%, the solidification temperature is 30 ℃, the solidification time is 15min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 2.85 mu m.
(6) And (3) bonding the coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net (the mass ratio is 1:3.5) by using a needling treatment technology, wherein the needling density is 6000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, and the needling depth is 10mm, and finally, treating by using a high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 30KV) to obtain the filter material of the comparative example 2.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildewproof filtering material in the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) polyethylene terephthalate chips with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.5dL/g and high intrinsic viscosity of 1.2dL/g) were dried at 115 ℃ for 2.5 h.
(2) Blending the dried high intrinsic viscosity polyethylene terephthalate slices, the fluid additive WS and the mesoporous inorganic electret zinc sulfide (average particle size of 300nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:4:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain a polymer slice blending modification, wherein the extrusion temperature is 220 ℃, the condensation temperature is 40 ℃, the air-drying time is 35min, and the granulating size of the granulator is 50 mu m, and finally obtaining the high intrinsic viscosity blending modification.
(3) Blending the dried low intrinsic viscosity polyethylene terephthalate slices, the fluid additive WS and the nano inorganic electret nano zinc (the average particle size is 80nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:4:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain a polymer slice blending modification, wherein the extrusion temperature is 210 ℃, the condensation temperature is 40 ℃, the air-drying time is 25min, and the grain size of the granulator is 60 mu m, and finally obtaining the low intrinsic viscosity blending modification.
(4) The high intrinsic viscosity blending modification substance is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is formed into a material with a thicker fiber structure under the actions of metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice and hot air traction and stretching, wherein the melt temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air temperature is 270 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 60Hz, the receiving distance is 8cm, the melt ejection amount is 180kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 174m/min, and the drawing air speed is 4500 m/min.
(5) And cooling and forming the crude fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the crude fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 20min, the hot rolling pressure is 4kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot rolling time is 13s, the hot rolling ratio is 18%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, the solidification time is 25min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 1.86 mu m.
(6) The low intrinsic viscosity blending modification substance is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is formed into a material with a thinner fiber structure under the actions of metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice and hot air traction and stretching, wherein the melt temperature is 240 ℃, the hot air temperature is 300 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.33MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 75Hz, the receiving distance is 15cm, the melt ejection amount is 170kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 183m/min, and the drawing air speed is 7000 m/min.
(7) The superfine fiber material is cooled and formed by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then the superfine fiber material is subjected to hot rolling and reinforcement to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 35 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot rolling pressure is 2.5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 125 ℃, the hot rolling time is 22s, the hot rolling ratio is 20%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, the solidification time is 30min, and the average fiber diameter is 0.94 mu m.
(8) The coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net (the mass ratio is 1:4.5) are bonded by utilizing a needling treatment technology, the needle density is 8000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, the needling depth is 18mm, and finally the high-voltage electret (electret voltage is 45KV) treatment is carried out to obtain the mildew-resistant filter material with high filtering efficiency, high strength and high dust holding capacity.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the filter material in the comparative example 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) polyethylene terephthalate chips with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.5dL/g and high intrinsic viscosity of 1.2dL/g) were dried at 115 ℃ for 2.5 h.
(2) The dried polyethylene glycol terephthalate slice with high intrinsic viscosity is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is metered by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a thicker fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air temperature is 270 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 60Hz, the receiving distance is 8cm, the melt ejection amount is 180kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 174m/min, and the drawing air speed is 4500 m/min.
(3) And cooling and forming the crude fiber material by a cooling device, interweaving and bonding the crude fiber material on a winding net curtain, and then carrying out hot rolling reinforcement to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 20min, the hot rolling pressure is 4kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot rolling time is 13s, the hot rolling ratio is 18%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, the solidification time is 25min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 3.22 mu m.
(4) The dried polyethylene glycol terephthalate with low intrinsic viscosity is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is metered by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a thinner fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 240 ℃, the hot air temperature is 300 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.33MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 75Hz, the receiving distance is 15cm, the melt ejection amount is 170kg/h, the mesh belt speed is 183m/min, and the drawing air speed is 7000 m/min.
(5) The superfine fiber material is cooled and formed by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then the superfine fiber material is subjected to hot rolling and reinforcement to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 35 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot rolling pressure is 2.5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 125 ℃, the hot rolling time is 22s, the hot rolling ratio is 20%, the solidification temperature is 35 ℃, the solidification time is 30min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 2.65 mu m.
(6) And (3) bonding the coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net (the mass ratio is 1:4.5) by using a needling treatment technology, wherein the needling density is 8000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, and the needling depth is 18mm, and finally, treating by using a high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 45KV) to obtain the filter material of the comparative example 3.
The performance tests were performed on the filter materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
table 1 shows the longitudinal and transverse rupture strengths of the examples and comparative examples
| Test index | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 3 |
| Longitudinal breaking strength (N/mm) | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.52 | 0.37 |
| Transverse rupture Strength (N/mm) | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.51 | 0.22 | 0.46 | 0.23 |
| Longitudinal/transverse rupture strength ratio | 1.23 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 1.45 | 1.13 | 1.61 |
Table 2 shows the comparison of air filtration and bacteriostasis data between the examples and the comparative examples
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) drying polymer slices: drying the high intrinsic viscosity or low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices;
(2) blending modification of high intrinsic viscosity polymer chips: mixing the dried high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the mesoporous inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain a high intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance;
(3) blending modification of low intrinsic viscosity polymer chips: mixing the dried low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the nano inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then condensing, air-drying and dicing by a dicing cutter to obtain a low intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance;
(4) melting and extruding the high intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance prepared in the step (2) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by hot air, and forming a material with a coarse fiber structure, then shaping by cold air, lapping, and hot rolling and reinforcing to form a coarse fiber net with a primary filtering effect;
(5) melting and extruding the low intrinsic viscosity polymer slice blending modified substance prepared in the step (3) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by hot air, and forming an ultrafine filament material, then shaping by cold air, lapping, and hot rolling and reinforcing to form a fine fiber net with a high-grade filtering effect;
(6) and (3) bonding the coarse fiber net and the superfine fiber net by utilizing a needling treatment technology, and performing high-voltage electro-electret treatment to obtain the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material.
2. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the polymer slice in the step (1) is one or two of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide or polylactic acid slice;
the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slices in the step (1) is 0.3-1.2dL/g, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices is 0.7-1.2dL/g, and the intrinsic viscosity of the low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices is 0.3-0.6 dL/g;
the drying temperature in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃, and the drying time is 1-5 h.
3. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is one or more of a silicon dioxide-based mesoporous material, a titanium dioxide-based mesoporous material, a alumina-based mesoporous material or a zinc sulfide-based mesoporous material, and the particle size is 100-400 nm;
the mass ratio of the high intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is 100:0.5-5: 5-15;
the twin-screw extrusion temperature range in the step (2) is 180-280 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30-50 ℃, the air drying time is 25-45 min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m.
4. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nano inorganic electret in the step (3) is one or more of nano silver, nano copper, nano zinc or nano titanium dioxide, and the particle size is 20-100 nm;
the mass ratio of the low intrinsic viscosity polymer slices, the fluid additive and the nano inorganic electret in the step (3) is 100:0.5-5: 3-7;
the twin-screw extrusion temperature range in the step (3) is 150-240 ℃, the condensation temperature is 25-45 ℃, the air drying time is 15-30min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m.
5. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fluid auxiliary agents in the step (2) and the step (3) are the same and are one of Enox DTBP, FM or WS.
6. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the process parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the melt temperature is 230-;
the drafting parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the drawing wind speed is 3500m/min-5000 m/min;
the cold air parameters in the step (4) are as follows: cooling at 25-50 deg.C for 20-45 min;
the hot rolling parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 3kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130-;
the curing temperature in the step (4) is 35-50 ℃, and the curing time is 22-30 min.
7. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the material with a thicker fiber structure in the step (4) has the fiber diameter of 1.5-3 mu m;
the coarse fiber net with the primary filtering effect in the step (4) is capable of filtering particles with the size between 2 and 50 nm.
8. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the process parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the melt temperature is 180-;
the drafting parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the drawing wind speed is 6000m/min-8000 m/min;
the cold air parameters in the step (5) are as follows: cooling at 20-40 deg.C for 15-25 min;
the hot rolling parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 2.5kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120-;
the curing temperature in the step (5) is 25-35 ℃, and the curing time is 15-30 min.
9. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the superfine filament material in the step (5) has the fiber diameter of 0.5-1.2 mu m;
the fine fiber web of high filtering effect described in step (5) is capable of filtering particles having a size of less than 2 nm.
10. The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the coarse fiber net to the superfine fiber net in the step (6) is 1:3.5-1: 10;
the needling process parameters in the step (6) are as follows: the needle density is 4000-;
the electret voltage in the step (6) is 20-50 KV.
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