CN114306293A - 鸟巢烷二萜类化合物用于制备治疗神经炎症的应用 - Google Patents
鸟巢烷二萜类化合物用于制备治疗神经炎症的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114306293A CN114306293A CN202210050406.5A CN202210050406A CN114306293A CN 114306293 A CN114306293 A CN 114306293A CN 202210050406 A CN202210050406 A CN 202210050406A CN 114306293 A CN114306293 A CN 114306293A
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Abstract
本发明公开了鸟巢烷二萜类化合物用于制备治疗神经炎症药物的应用,具体涉及7个鸟巢烷二萜类化合物能够显著抑制LPS诱导的BV‑2小胶质细胞NO的产生,其中化合物6的活性显著,能够抑制MAPK(ERK1/2和JNK)/NF‑κB信号通路来抑制下游炎症蛋白iNOS和COX‑2,通过逆转小胶质细胞M1/M2极化而发挥抗神经炎活性,具有治疗神经退行性疾病的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及鸟巢烷二萜类化合物用于制备治疗神经炎症药物的应用。
背景技术
随着老龄化社会的深入发展,与衰老密切相关的神经退行性疾病已成为全球性的公共健康问题和社会问题。神经退行性疾病主要包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer'sdisease,AD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、亨廷顿病(HD)和帕金森病(PD)等。其中发病率最高的阿尔茨海默病已被世界卫生组织列为21世纪严重危害人类健康的五大疾病之一。2019年,国际阿尔茨海默病协会估计全球有超过5000万人患AD,到2050年,这一数字将增加到1.52亿。每3秒钟全球就有1人被确诊罹患AD。在我国,阿尔茨海默病患者已超过千万,居世界首位。目前全球社会AD相关成本为1万亿美元,到2030年这一数字将翻一番。这将极大地降低相关人群的生活质量,并增加患者家庭以及整个社会的负担。因此研发安全有效的神经退行性疾病防治药物,已成为我国乃至全球医药领域的研究热点之一[1]。
一直以来,人类对抗AD新药都有着极其强烈的临床需求。就发病机制来说,AD是一种多因素导致的神经退行性疾病,主要病理学特征有β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)斑块沉积、胞内神经元纤维缠结(NFTs)、氧化应激、神经炎症及神经递质缺乏等[2]。最新研究表明,神经炎症和病理性淀粉样蛋白之间的相互作用使tau蛋白扩散,最终导致广泛的脑损伤和认知障碍[3]。表明神经炎症,或小胶质细胞的激活,是AD疾病发展不可或缺的关键上游机制。因此,针对神经炎症的靶向药有望成为治疗AD的一种新方法[4]。
活化的小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统和神经退行性疾病的免疫和炎症反应中起着重要作用。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的关键免疫细胞,具有双重表型和功能可塑性。经典表型(M1)的特征在于释放一氧化氮(NO),肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α),白介素-1β(IL-1β),白介素-6(IL-6),诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2),而其他表型(M2)的特征是释放抗炎分子,例如白介素-10(IL-10)和精氨酸酶-1(ARG-1)[5]。许多促凋亡通路是由神经炎症过程中产生的信号分子介导的。减少细胞因子的产生和控制小胶质细胞的炎症反应有助于理解神经炎症通路,被认为是治疗具有炎症特征的神经退行性疾病的治疗策略[6]。除了广泛抑制小胶质细胞外,对M1/M2极化的细微调节可能是治疗神经炎症相关疾病更有效的方法[7]。
[1]Mitra S,Behbahani H,Eriksdotter M.2019.Innovative Therapy forAlzheimer's Disease-With Focus on Biodelivery of NGF.Front Neurosci.13:38-59.
[2]Fish PV,Steadman D,Bayle ED,Whiting P.2019.New approaches for thetreatment of Alzheimer's disease.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.29(2):125-133.
[3]Ubiquitin Ligase COP1 Suppresses Neuroinflammation by Degrading c/EBPβin Microglia.Cell.2020;182(5):1156-1169.
[4]Webers A,Heneka MT,Gleeson PA.2020.The role of innate immuneresponses and neuroinflammation in amyloid accumulation and progression ofAlzheimer's disease.Immunol Cell Biol.98(1):28-41.
[5]Orihuela R,McPherson CA,Harry GJ.2016.Microglial M1/M2polarization and metabolic states.Br J Pharmacol.173(4):649-665.
[6]Shabab T,Khanabdali R,Moghadamtousi SZ,Kadir HA,MohanG.2017.Neuroinflammation pathways:a general review.Int J Neurosci.127(7):624-633.
[7]Song GJ,Suk K.2017.Pharmacological Modulation of FunctionalPhenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Front Aging Neurosci.9:139-149.
发明内容
本发明从鳞盖肉齿菌(Sarcodon scabrosus(Fr.)Karst)的子实体中分离得到一种典型的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物Sarcodonin A,并对其进行衍生,共得到7个化合物。该7种化合物均能够显著抑制LPS诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞产生NO,其中化合物6活性最强,对其进一步研究表明,6能够抑制MAPK(ERK1/2和JNK)/NF-κB信号通路来抑制炎症蛋白iNOS和COX-2,结合并占据iNOS的活性位点抑制NO的产生,通过逆转小胶质细胞M1/M2极化表现出显著的抗神经炎症活性。
本发明的化合物结构式为:
基于此,本发明提供了上述所示鸟巢烷二萜化合物或其水合物或药学上可接受的盐或药学上可接受的载体、以及含有鸟巢烷二萜化合物的组合物在制备治疗神经炎症或神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
所述的神经退行性疾病包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、亨廷顿病(HD)和帕金森病(PD)等。
本发明的所述药物在10μM时均能显著抑制LPS诱导的BV-2细胞NO产生。化合物6能够抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路以及下游炎症蛋白的表达,通过逆转小胶质细胞M1/M2极化治疗神经炎症。
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物作为神经保护小分子药物,在制备治疗与神经炎症相关的神经退行性疾病药物方面具有开发应用潜力。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开,但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中:
图1为化合物1-7对BV-2细胞活力的影响;
图2为化合物1-7对LPS诱导的BV-2产生NO的影响;
图3为化合物1和6对LPS诱导的BV-2细胞M1和M2生物标记物mRNA表达的影响;
图4为化合物1和6对LPS诱导的BV-2细胞M1和M2标记物的细胞因子释放的影响;
图5为化合物1和6对LPS刺激的BV-2细胞M1和M2标记物蛋白水平的影响;
图6为化合物1和6对LPS刺激的BV-2细胞ERK1/2、JNK和p38MAPK磷酸化的影响;
图7为1和6对LPS刺激的BV-2细胞中NF-κB核转移的影响;
图8为分子对接模拟1(a)和6(b)进入iNOS活性位点的最低能量构象,iNOS二聚体A链为绿色,B链为青色;氢键相互作用用黄色虚线突出显示。
具体实施方式
以下将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行进一步详细说明。显然,以下所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,并非全部实施例,也并未对本发明做任何形式上的限制,在不背离发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。
实施本发明的过程、条件、试剂、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
本发明的化合物鸟巢烷二萜Sarcodonin A(1)是从鳞盖肉齿菌的子实体中分离得到,化合物2-7是由Sarcodonin A在室温下与干燥的Ac2O或相应的苯甲酰氯衍生物在DMAP的参与下反应而获得。鳞盖肉齿菌的子实体于2002年在中国云南哀牢山采集,由中国科学院昆明植物研究所王向华女士鉴定。
具体包括:
本发明的化合物的制备及抗神经炎症测定与应用:
实验材料
实验细胞系:
BV-2小鼠小胶质细胞,购自北京协和医学院细胞库(中国北京)
试剂与仪器:
常用生物试剂:高糖培养基DMEM(Gibco,美国);胎牛血清(FBS)(Gibco,美国);脂多糖(LPS)(Sigma,美国);抗生素(100U/mL链霉菌和青霉素)(HyClone,美国);细胞培养瓶和培养皿(康宁,中国);胰酶(Gibco,美国);磺酰罗丹明B(SRB);一氧化氮检测试剂盒(碧云天,中国);ELISA试剂盒(TNFα、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10)(R&D,美国);反转录试剂盒(Clontech,美国);实时定量PCR试剂盒(Roche,美国);一级抗体:抗β-Tubulin,抗GAPDH,抗iNOS,抗COX-2,抗ARG-1,抗ERK1/2,抗磷酸化ERK1/2,抗p38 MAPK,抗磷酸化p38 MAPK,抗JNK,抗磷酸化JNK,抗NF-κBp65和抗Lamin B1(Abcam;Santa Cruz;CST,美国),过氧化物酶(HRP)结合的二级抗体(碧云天,中国),超敏ECL发光液(碧云天,中国)。
常用仪器:超净工作台:SW-CJ-1F(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司);立式蒸汽灭菌器:GI100T(厦门致微仪器有限公司);二氧化碳恒温细胞培养箱:Thermo Forma310(ThermoFisher Scientific,美国);纯水仪:EQ 7000(Merck,德国);酶标仪:Synergy HTX(美国BioTek仪器公司);紫外-可见分光光度计:Nanodrop 2000(ThermoFisher Scientific,美国);实时定量PCR仪:Applied Biosystems QuantStudio 5(ThermoFisher Scientific,美国);PCR扩增仪:C1000(Bio-rad,美国);化学发光仪:ChemiDocXRS+(Bio-rad,美国)。
1、化合物Sarcodonin A的提取分离及衍生物的合成方法:
干燥粉碎的子实体(10kg)用甲醇提取三次(10L×3),将提取液减压浓缩合并(300g),加水悬浮,用乙酸乙酯萃取得膏状物200g和水溶部分。乙酸乙酯部分用粗硅胶(100-200目)拌样,上硅胶柱,氯仿-丙酮(9:1→1:9)混合溶剂梯度洗脱,TLC检测合并,将其分成9个组分。其中组分4经硅胶柱层析(CHCl3-MeOH 98:2,95:5,90:10)得5个组分(4.1-4.5)。组分4.1用甲醇凝胶柱纯化得化合物Sarcodonin A(1)(250mg)。
将15.6mg(0.05mmol)sarcodonin A溶于3mL干燥好的二氯甲烷溶剂中,加入20uL的三乙胺和2mg的4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),搅拌30min,缓慢滴加1mL(含8.8mg,0.05mmol)邻氟苯甲酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,室温下反应12h,硅胶薄层层析检测原料点消失,加入10mL水淬灭反应,减压浓缩除去二氯甲烷,乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3),有机相依次用饱和氯化铵、水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩除去溶剂,得到黄绿色树脂状化合物45mg,经硅胶(C-200~300,6mg)柱层析(V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯=10:1)分离得到30mg,黄色树脂状化合物2,收率70.7%。化合物(3-6)的合成方法同上;化合物7的在合成时加入0.2mmol的酰氯。
1.1 7个鸟巢烷二萜化合物的理化性质分别为:
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物1理化性质为:
C20H30O4,黄绿色树脂状物(CHCl3);ESI-MS,339.4[M+Na]+;IRνmax:3406.9(OH),2930.0,1657.4(C=O),1567.2,1168.6,1039.4,751.5,732.9cm-1.13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:194.41,154.23,146.69,144.56,141.09,138.12,119.87,74.10,66.44,49.64,48.40,38.33,36.42,35.27,33.71,29.46,29.26,26.54,24.36,15.94;1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.42(s,1H),6.82(dd,J=8.2,2.5Hz,1H),6.17(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.72(br.d,J=4.6Hz,1H),3.57(dd,J=7.5,2.8Hz,2H),3.14(dd,J=18.3,5.8Hz,1H),2.99-2.89(m,1H),2.59-2.48(m,2H),2.47-2.31(m,2H),1.79-1.65(m,7H),1.34(dt,J=14.0,3.6Hz,1H),1.02(s,4H),0.95(s,3H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,4H)。
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物2理化性质为:
C27H31FO4,黄色树脂状物。IR(KBr):νmax=2962,1714,1670,1913,1572,1456,1296,1259,1165,1123,1081,1033,1018,780,756cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.43(s,1H,CHO),7.94(td,J=7.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.56–7.47(m,1H),7.21(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.15(dd,J=10.3,8.8Hz,1H),6.77(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),6.14(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.38(dd,J=10.7,8.6Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=10.8,6.7Hz,1H),3.73(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.34–3.20(m,1H),3.16(dd,J=18.2,5.9Hz,1H),2.60–2.50(m,2H),2.50–2.44(m,2H),1.78(m,1H),1.74–1.65(m,3H),1.36(dt,J=14.0,3.5Hz,1H),1.07(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.99(s,3H),0.98(s,3H);13C-NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ194.2(C=O),164.4(C=O of 2-fluorobenzoyl),160.9,153.9,145.8,144.4,140.4,138.0,134.7,134.6,132.1,124.1,124.0,119.8,117.2,117.0,74.1,68.2,49.4,48.3,38.4,36.4,33.5,32.0,29.5,29.1,26.5,23.7,16.2;HR-ESI-MS:m/z 461.2094[M+Na]+;
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物3理化性质为:
C27H31ClO4,黄色树脂状物。IR(KBr):νmax=2931,1729,1668,1570,1455,1431,1290,1247,1166,1116,1043,1028,744cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.41(s,1H,CHO),7.77(dd,J=7.3,2.2Hz,1H),7.68(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.44–7.30(m,2H),6.75(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),6.10(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.37(dd,J=10.7,8.3Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J=10.8,6.9Hz,1H),3.72(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.28–3.18(m,1H),3.15(dd,J=18.3,5.8Hz,1H),2.60–2.44(m,4H),1.79(ddd,J=12.6,7.7,4.9Hz,1H),1.75–1.65(m,5H),1.35(dt,J=13.9,3.6Hz,1H),1.07(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(s,3H),0.97(s,3H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ194.3(C=O),166.2(C=O of 2-chlorobenzoyl),154.0,146.0,144.4,140.5,138.2,134.6,132.8,132.3,131.3,127.4,121.8,120.0,74.1,68.6,49.5,48.4,38.5,36.5,33.7,32.2,29.7,29.2,26.6,24.0,16.5;HRESIMS m/z 477.1801[M+Na]+
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物4理化性质为:
C27H31BrO4,黄色树脂状物。IR(KBr):νmax=2931,1778,1668,1571,1435,1369,1292,1247,1166,1116,1049,1014,747,719cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.41(s,1H,CHO),7.81(dd,J=7.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.46(td,J=7.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=8.1,1.6Hz,1H),7.32(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),6.74(dd,J=8.2,2.5Hz,1H),6.10(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.37(dd,J=10.7,8.4Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J=10.8,6.9Hz,1H),3.72(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.30–3.19(m,1H),3.15(dd,J=18.3,5.8Hz,1H),2.57–2.50(m,2H),2.49–2.44(m,2H),1.79(ddd,J=12.7,7.7,4.9Hz,1H),1.75–1.67(m,3H),1.35(dt,J=13.9,3.7Hz,1H),1.07(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.00(s,3H),0.97(s,3H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ194.3(C=O),165.8(C=O of 2-bromobenzoyl),154.0,145.9,144.4,140.5,138.2,133.8,132.8,131.5,131.4,130.2,126.8,120.0,74.1,68.6,49.6,48.4,38.5,36.6,33.7,32.2,29.6,29.2,26.6,24.0,16.4;HR-ESI-MS:m/z 521.1290[M+Na]+;
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物5理化性质为:
C27H31IO4,黄色树脂状物。IR(KBr):νmax=2933,1725,1666,1570,1428,1246,1116,1133,1099,1043,1015,741cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.42(s,1H,CHO),8.01(dd,J=7.9,0.6Hz,1H),7.79(dd,J=7.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.49–7.33(m,1H),7.16(td,J=7.7,1.6Hz,1H),6.77(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.36(dd,J=10.7,8.2Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J=10.7,7.0Hz,1H),3.72(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.28–3.19(m,1H),3.15(dd,J=18.3,5.8Hz,1H),2.63–2.44(m,1H),1.79(ddd,J=12.6,7.8,4.7Hz,1H),1.75–1.64(m,1H),1.35(dt,J=14.0,3.7Hz,1H),1.07(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),1.01(s,1H),0.97(s,1H);13CNMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ194.3(C=O),166.4(C=O of 2-iodobenzoyl),154.0,146.0,144.4,141.7,140.4,138.2,135.1,132.9,130.9,128.1,120.0,94.3,74.1,68.6,49.5,48.4,38.5,36.5,33.7,32.2,29.7,29.2,26.6,24.0,16.46;HR-ESI-MS:m/z 569.1147[M+Na]+;
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物6理化性质为:
C27H31BrO4,黄色树脂状物。IR(KBr):νmax=2937,1737,1672,1577,1371,1229,1166,1022cm-1;1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.43(s,1H,CHO),7.88(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.73(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),6.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.28(dd,J=16.1,7.6Hz,1H),3.74(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.29–3.19(m,1H),3.18(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),2.59–2.43(m,1H),2.17(s,1H),1.84–1.72(m,1H),1.72–1.58(m,2H),1.36(dt,J=13.9,3.6Hz,1H),1.06(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),0.99(s,1H),0.98(s,1H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ194.2,165.8,154.2,146.1,144.2,140.4,138.3,132.0,131.1,129.3,128.4,119.8,74.2,68.2,49.6,48.5,38.5,36.5,33.6,32.2,29.7,29.2,26.6,24.0,16.3;HR-ESI-MS:m/z 521.1290[M+Na]+;
本发明的鸟巢烷二萜化合物7理化性质为:
C24H32O5,黄色树脂状物。IR(KBr):νmax=2937,1737,1672,1577,1371,1229,1166,1022cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.40(s,1H,CHO),6.75(dd,J=8.1,2.2Hz,1H),6.05(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.97(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.14(dd,J=10.7,7.9Hz,1H),3.91(dd,J=10.7,7.2Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.18(dd,J=18.1,6.3Hz,1H),3.12–3.00(m,1H),2.49(d,J=18.2Hz,1H),2.45–2.32(m,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.06–1.98(m,3H),1.96(s,4H),1.76(ddd,J=12.3,8.5,3.7Hz,2H),1.71–1.64(m,3H),1.60(ddd,J=13.2,4.7,3.2Hz,2H),1.39–1.34(m,1H),1.02(s,4H),0.99(d,J=6.9Hz,4H),0.97(s,4H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ193.8,171.0,170.4,152.6,145.6,144.9,139.8,138.3,120.5,75.4,67.5,49.5,46.6,38.6,36.2,33.3,32.1,29.5,26.2,23.8,21.1,21.1,16.2;ESI-MS(positive)m/z:423.2117[M+Na]+;
2细胞培养
小鼠小胶质细胞(BV-2)在含10%的胎牛血清(FBS),1%的抗生素(100U/mL链霉菌和青霉素)的DMEM培养基中,于37℃5%CO2培养箱中培养。
3LPS诱导的BV-2细胞的抗神经炎活性测定
3.1细胞活力检测
细胞活力是指以空白对照的吸光值为例,归一化其它实验组的细胞吸光值,计算其百分比即为细胞存活力。用SRB法测定BV-2细胞的活力。将密度为1.5×104细胞/mL的细胞接种于96孔板中培养贴壁24h。将培养基替换为含有指示化合物的新鲜培养基,再培养24小时。然后用三氯乙酸(10%,w/v)固定细胞5min,用蒸馏水冲洗多余的酸5次。细胞用SRB(0.4%,w/v)处理30分钟,多余的染料用三氯乙酸(1%,w/v)洗涤。将结合染料溶解在TBS(10mM,pH 10.5)中,并在Bio-Tek微孔板读取器上在510nm处测量吸光度。假设DMSO对照品的吸光度为100%。
如附图1所示,化合物在10μM以下均不影响BV-2细胞的存活,因此选用10μM的最大浓度进行后续研究。
3.2一氧化氮(Lactate dehydrogenase,NO)抑制活性
NO是一种重要的炎症介质。在患有神经退行性疾病的大脑的神经元和胶质细胞中,NO的过度产生是常见的,这表明NO参与了此类神经炎症[8]。为了评估Sarcodonin A及其衍生物的抗炎作用,使用Griess试剂评估了它们对LPS诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞产生NO的抑制作用。在加入检测试剂之前,将BV-2细胞(2×105/mL)接种于96孔板中在37℃下培养24小时。实验组分为:对照组(DMSO)、LPS处理组(1μg/mL LPS)和化合物处理组(1μg/mL LPS+10μM化合物),加药处理后再孵育24小时。培养基中的亚硝酸盐浓度根据方案通过商用分析试剂盒进行测量,主要原理是通过Griess法检测培养液中NO的释放量,来确定化合物的抗神经炎活性。BV-2细胞的上清液(50μL)与Griess试剂(50μLGriess regent I和50μLGriessregent II)反应。在Bio-Tek微孔板阅读器上在540nm处测量吸光度,并以亚硝酸钠为标准,通过亚硝酸盐标准曲线计算亚硝酸盐浓度。
抑制率%=(ALPS组-A实验组)/(ALPS组-A空白组)×100;
如附图2所示,在LPS刺激BV-2细胞24小时后,NO的产生显著增加约2.5倍。Sarcodonin A及其衍生物对NO的产生具有不同程度的抑制作用。在所有卤代19-O-苯甲酰基衍生物中,3、4和6对NO生成的抑制活性更高,甚至优于其母体化合物Sarcodonin A。与LPS对照组相比,对溴代19-O-苯甲酰基衍生物(6)的抑制活性最高,为55%,这与邻溴取代的19-O-苯甲酰衍生物(4)在邻卤取代的19-O-苯甲酰衍生物(2–5)中最抑制活性最高的事实一致。值得注意的是,14,19-O-乙酰衍生物(7)也显示出与6类似的强烈抑制作用。一直以来,Hwang,H.等人发现2'-羟基肉桂醛(HCA)的衍生物2'-苯甲酰氧基肉桂醛(BCA)在小胶质细胞中减少包括NO在内的促炎因子的产生更为显著[9]。因此,初步的SAR研究表明,19位羟基以及14位羟基可以被修饰以增强Sarcodonin A的抗炎活性。为了研究Sarcodonin A化合物的抗炎机制,选择1和6进行进一步的比较研究。
[8]F.J.Jimenez-Jimenez,H.Alonso-Navarro,M.T.Herrero,E.Garcia-Martin,J.A.Agundez,2016.An Update on the Role of Nitric Oxide in theNeurodegenerative Processes of Parkinson's Disease,Curr.Med.Chem.23(24):2666-2679.
[9]H.Hwang,H.Jeon,J.Ock,S.H.Hong,Y.M.Han,B.M.Kwon,W.H.Lee,M.S.Lee,K.Suk,2011.2'-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde targets low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation,J Neuroimmunol 230(1-2):52-64.
4化合物1和6对BV-2细胞中M1/M2生物标记物的mRNA的影响
为了检测1和6对M1/M2表型转换的调节,我们评估了它们对LPS激活的BV-2细胞中代表性M1和M2生物标记物mRNA表达的影响。将细胞按照2×105个/mL的密度接种到6cm的培养皿中(5mL/皿),在37℃5%CO2的恒温培养箱中培养12小时。根据制造商的说明,使用Trizol提取总RNA,并使用紫外-可见分光光度计测量其浓度和纯度。用Prime Script RTMaster Mix试剂盒将2μg分离的RNA反向转录成cDNA。使用Syr Green定量RT-PCR试剂盒根据说明书,通过qRT-PCR反应评估mRNA水平。β-actin作为内标物。引物序列如下所示(表1)。
表1.实时定量PCR的引物序列
如附图3所示,LPS显著提高了M1标记物(包括IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS和COX-2)的mRNA水平,但几乎不影响M2标记物(包括IL-10和ARG-1)的mRNA表达。然而,6不仅抑制LPS诱导的IL-1β、iNOS、TNF-α的mRNA表达,IL-6在10μM时抑制LPS诱导的COX-2的mRNA表达,但在浓度升高到10μM时也促进IL-10和ARG-1的mRNA水平。IL-6以剂量依赖性方式抑制LPS诱导的IL-1β和iNOS的mRNA表达。同时,1在10μM时抑制LPS诱导的TNF-α和IL-6的mRNA表达,并增强ARG-1的mRNA水平。对于IL-10和COX-2,1在测试浓度下不影响这些基因的表达。结果表明,6可能更有效地调节小胶质细胞M1/M2表型开关,这与我们的Griess分析一致。这表明1和6可能逆转LPS诱导的小胶质细胞M1极化,从而显示其抗炎作用。
5化合物1和6对BV-2细胞中M1和M2生物标记物的细胞因子(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10和IL-6)的影响
为了进一步评估1和6在LPS诱导的小胶质细胞M1极化中的作用,通过ELISA试剂盒检测LPS诱导的BV-2细胞中促炎性M1细胞因子(包括TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)和抗炎性M2细胞因子(包括IL-10)的释放。将BV-2细胞在6孔板(2mL/孔)中以2×105个细胞/mL的密度接种,于37℃,5%CO2的恒温培养箱中培养24小时,然后分别用不同浓度化合物1和6(3μM、10μM)、LPS(1μg/mL)和DMSO预处理细胞一个小时,再用LPS诱导细胞24小时。收集细胞培养基的上清液,并根据制造商的说明测量TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和IL-1β的浓度。
如附图4所示,LPS显著上调IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α,而略微增强IL-10的产生。随着浓度的增加,1和6增强了对LPS刺激的IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α产生的抑制作用以及对IL-10产生的促进作用。在相同浓度下,6在抑制促炎性M1细胞因子分泌和促进抗炎性M2细胞因子分泌方面的效力高于1。研究结果与Griess和qRT-PCR分析结果一致,证实6在抵抗LPS诱导的BV-2细胞小胶质细胞M1极化方面比其母体化合物1更具活性。
6化合物1和6对LPS诱导的BV-2细胞M1/M2标记物蛋白表达水平的影响
通过Western blotting分析iNOS、COX-2(M1标记物)和ARG-1(M2标记物)的蛋白表达。在6cm皿中培养的BV-2细胞(5×105个细胞/mL)分别经1或6(3,10μM)预处理1h,然后加入LPS(1μg/mL)24h。细胞在冰冷RIPA裂解缓冲液中用10mM PMSF和1%蛋白抑制剂混合液裂解。在4℃下以12000rpm的转速离心细胞溶质裂解物30分钟。从裂解物中分离总蛋白,并通过BCA测定其浓度。
样品用8%-12%十二烷基硫酸钠分离-PAGE并转移到0.45μm PVDF膜上。在室温下用5%BSA在TBST(20mmTris-HCl,150mM NaCl,0.1%Tween-20)中封闭膜1h,然后用适当的一级抗体:抗β-微管蛋白(1:1000),抗GAPDH(1:1000),抗iNOS(1:500),抗COX-2(1:1000),抗ARG-1(1:500)在4℃下孵育过夜。在TBST中清洗膜3×5分钟,然后与适当的过氧化物酶(HRP)结合的二级抗体孵育在室温下放置1小时。将印迹在TBST中洗涤3×5分钟,并暴露于ECL化学发光试剂。最后,信号由Bio-Rad ChemiDoc XRS+系统检测。
如附图5所示,LPS显著增强iNOS和COX-2的表达,而对ARG-1的表达影响较小。1抑制LPS诱导的iNOS表达,以剂量依赖性方式促进ARG-1表达。正如预期的那样,6对iNOS和COX-2的表达有更明显的抑制作用,对ARG-1的表达有更明显的促进作用。总之,1和6抑制LPS诱导的BV-2细胞M1极化,增强M2极化。事实上,许多天然产物已被确定具有显著的抗神经炎症作用。然而,以前的研究报告侧重于抑制M1。越来越多的证据表明,M2小胶质细胞可以通过脑卒中、AD、帕金森病以及其他神经退行性疾病患者的神经发生、轴突再生、血管生成和血管修复,为CNS修复创造有利的微环境。相反,促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β可促进周围星形胶质细胞神经元产生更多的Aβ42寡聚体,从而加速AD的病理过程。因此,应更加关注选择性靶向小胶质细胞极化的sarcodonin化合物对神经炎症介导的AD的潜在作用。根据以上事实,我们进一步研究6逆转小胶质细胞M1极化的机制。
7化合物6通过抑制LPS诱导的BV-2细胞中的MAPK激活来抑制小胶质细胞M1极化
先前的研究表明,MAPK信号级联的过度激活与神经炎症反应有关[12-13]。为了阐明6逆转小胶质细胞M1极化从而显示抗炎作用的作用模式,我们进一步研究了6对LPS诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞中ERK1/2、JNK和p38 MAPK磷酸化水平的影响。在6cm皿中培养的BV-2细胞(5×105个细胞/mL)分别经化合物1或6(3,10μM)预处理1h,然后加入LPS(1μg/mL)30min。同6所述方法进行Western bloting检测,一级抗体为:抗β-微管蛋白(1:1000),抗GAPDH(1:1000),抗ERK1/2(1:1000),抗磷酸化ERK1/2(1:1000),抗p38MAPK(1:2000),抗磷酸化p38MAPK(1:1000),抗JNK(1:2000),抗磷酸化JNK(1:1000)。
如附图6所示,LPS显著上调ERK1/2、JNK和p38 MAPK的磷酸化水平。6显著抑制LPS诱导的ERK1/2和JNK的激活,而对p38 MAPK的磷酸化几乎没有影响。结果表明,6能拮抗LPS诱导的MAP激酶的激活,尤其是ERK1/2和JNK。MAPK在炎症细胞因子的合成中起着至关重要的作用。MAPK的激活直接影响NF-κB介导的炎症因子基因转录。因此,6拮抗LPS诱导的ERK1/2和JNK激活可能导致促炎分子的生成减少,从而阻碍M1显性表型极化。
[12]B.Dinda,M.Dinda,G.Kulsi,A.Chakraborty,S.Dinda,2019.Therapeuticpotentials of plant iridoids in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases:Areview,Eur J Med Chem 169,185-199.
[13]R.Dhapola,S.S.Hota,P.Sarma,A.Bhattacharyya,B.Medhi,D.H.Reddy,2021.Recent advances in molecular pathways and therapeutic implicationstargeting neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease,Inflammopharmacology 29(6).
8化合物6阻断LPS诱导的BV-2细胞中NF-κB的核转位逆转小胶质细胞M1极化
NF-κB是一种具有良好特征的转录因子,被认为是小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症的关键因素[14]。在正常情况下,NF-kB作为p50/p65/IκB三聚体被抑制蛋白IκB结合并限制在细胞质中。一旦被各种刺激物如LPS激活,IκB被IκB激酶IKK磷酸化,泛素化,随后降解。因此,NF-κB上的核定位信号(NLS)被暴露,随后该分子发生核移位。在细胞核中,NF-κB启动了相关炎症因子的基因转录[15]。
我们检测了NF-κB亚单位p65的核易位作为NF-κB活化的指标。同6所述方法收集细胞进行Western bloting,为了检测NF-κB p65的核易位,用核和胞浆蛋白提取试剂盒,根据说明书分离和提取核和胞浆部分。一级抗体为:抗NF-κB p65(1:1000),anti-Lamin B1(1:1000)和抗GAPDH(1:1000)。
如附图7所示,LPS显著增加了核中的NF-κB p65,但降低了细胞质组分中的NF-κBp65。6处理显著抑制了LPS刺激NF-κB p65核转位的能力。事实上,据报道,NF-κB是调节小胶质细胞M1/M2平衡的关键信号。其功能的丧失导致中枢神经系统选择性易受慢性神经炎症的影响[16]。
[14]S.S.Singh,S.N.Rai,H.Birla,W.Zahra,A.S.Rathore,S.P.Singh,2020.NF-κB-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease and Potential TherapeuticEffect of Polyphenols,Neurotox Res 37(3):491-507
[15]C.Ju Hwang,D.Y.Choi,M.H.Park,J.T.Hong,2019.NF-κB as a KeyMediator of Brain Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease,CNS NeurolDisord DrugTargets 18(1):3-10.
[16]T.Taetzsch,S.Levesque,C.McGraw,S.Brookins,R.Luqa,M.G.Bonini,R.P.Mason,U.Oh,M.L.Block,2015.Redox regulation of NF-κB p50 and M1polarization in microglia,Glia 63(3):423-40.
9分子模拟1和6与iNOS的结合:
L-精氨酸主要通过诱导型一氧化氮合酶在对LPS等刺激的免疫反应中产生NO[17]。为了从分子上理解Sarcodonin A化合物抑制LPS诱导的NO生成,我们进行了分子对接,以研究1和6与iNOS的相互作用。如图8所示,1和6都与iNOS的活性腔紧密结合,并形成氢键相互作用。此外,6的19苯甲酰基环与位于不同iNOS链中的Phe476和Trp463发生疏水作用,从而与iNOS形成更强的相互作用,这与1和6的自由结合能一致(表2)。因此,Sarcodonin A化合物可能通过占据iNOS的活性位点来抑制NO的产生,这与我们之前对来自蘑菇CyathusAfricanus的其他抗神经炎症鸟巢烷二萜类化合物的研究一致[18,19]。
表2 Sarcodonin A及其衍生物的自由结合能
总之,本研究表明6可能通过抑制MAPK(ERK1/2和JNK)和NF-κB信号通路逆转LPS诱导的小胶质细胞M1极化。这与多种抗神经炎症植物化学物质的体外研究一致。此外,ERK1/2和JNK的激活是AD发病机制中的初始事件之一[20]。NF-κB也参与神经退行性疾病的进展[15]。Aβ能激活神经元和小胶质细胞中的NF-κB,从而引起神经毒性。持续服用针对NF-κB的抗炎药可缓解AD的进展[21]。因此,6对ERK1/2和JNK磷酸化以及NF-κB核转移的抑制可能意味着其作为神经退行性疾病(如AD)中神经炎症的有效调节剂的巨大潜力。
[17]H.Possel,H.Noack,J.Putzke,G.Wolf,H.Sies,2000.Selectiveupregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and cytokines in microglia:in vitro and in vivo studies,Glia 32(1):51-9.
[18]J.Wei,Y.Cheng,W.H.Guo,D.C.Wang,Q.Zhang,D.Li,J.Rong,J.M.Gao,2017.Molecular Diversity and Potential Anti-neuroinflammatory Activities ofCyathane Diterpenoids from the Basidiomycete Cyathus Africanus,Sci Rep 7(1)8883.
[19]J.Wei,W.H.Guo,C.Y.Cao,R.W.Kou,Y.Z.Xu,M.Górecki,L.Di Bari,G.Pescitelli,J.M.Gao,2018.Polyoxygenated cyathane diterpenoids from themushroom Cyathus Africanus,and their neurotrophic and anti-neuroinflammatoryactivities,Sci Rep 8(1):2175.
[20]X.Zhu,R.J.Castellani,A.Takeda,A.Nunomura,C.S.Atwood,G.Perry,M.A.Smith,2001.Differential activation of neuronal ERK,JNK/SAPK and p38 inAlzheimer disease:the'two hit'hypothesis,Mech Ageing Dev 123(1):39-46.
[21]J.T.Hong,2017.NF-kB as a mediator of brain inflammation in AD,CNSNeurol.Disord.Drug Targets.
综上所述,在神经退行性疾病的防治方面,鸟巢烷二萜类化合物可以作为有潜力的先导化合物进行开发。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式,但是,本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本公开的技术构思范围内,可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本公开的思想,其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物于鳞盖肉齿菌(Sarcodonscabrosus(Fr.)Karst)的子实体中分离得到。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物通过抑制LPS诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞产生NO;
所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物抑制MAPK(ERK1/2和JNK)/NF-κB信号通路来抑制炎症蛋白iNOS和COX-2;
所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物通过逆转小胶质细胞M1/M2极化表现出抗神经炎症活性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的神经退行性疾病包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病或帕金森病。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物于鳞盖肉齿菌(Sarcodonscabrosus(Fr.)Karst)的子实体中分离得到。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物通过抑制LPS诱导的BV-2小胶质细胞产生NO;
所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物抑制MAPK(ERK1/2和JNK)/NF-κB信号通路来抑制炎症蛋白iNOS和COX-2;
所述的鸟巢烷二萜类化合物逆转小胶质细胞M1/M2极化。
10.根据权利要求9所述的治疗神经退行性疾病的药物,其特征在于,所述的神经退行性疾病包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病或帕金森病。
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