CN114304316B - Dark tea pile fermentation model construction method, real-time monitoring method and device - Google Patents
Dark tea pile fermentation model construction method, real-time monitoring method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a black tea pile fermentation model construction method, a real-time monitoring method and equipment. The black tea pile fermentation model construction method comprises the following steps: constructing a 3D model of the initial pile fermentation according to the shape and the size of the pile of the initial pile fermentation; when the first preset period expires, carrying out first pile turning treatment in the first pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile after the first pile turning treatment; when the second preset period expires, carrying out second pile turning treatment in the second pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the secondary new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the secondary new pile after the second pile turning treatment; when the third preset period expires, performing third pile turning treatment in the third pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the tail new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the tail new pile after the third pile turning treatment; and constructing a pile fermentation model after pile turnover according to the relation database and the pile shape and the size of the actual pile fermentation before pile turnover.
Description
The application is a divisional application of a patent application of the invention with the application number 201810871737.9, wherein the patent application is filed on 2 days of 8 months of 2018, and the invention is named as a black tea pile-fermentation real-time monitoring method, a device and equipment.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing monitoring, and particularly relates to a black tea pile fermentation model construction method, a real-time monitoring method and equipment.
Background
The black tea is one of six major teas in China, and has various effects of reducing blood fat, losing weight and the like. The raw materials adopted by the black tea are thicker and older, and are main raw materials of compressed tea. The process for preparing the black tea generally comprises four working procedures of fixation, rolling, piling and drying. The piling is a key process for forming the black tea quality, generally, the dried green raw tea or the sun-dried green raw tea is used as a raw material, and the finished black tea is prepared through the steps of humidifying and conditioning, piling fermentation, screening and deblocking, drying and the like, and the finished black tea is also pressed into products with various shapes such as brick shapes, cake shapes and the like. The black tea varieties are mainly classified into compressed tea, bulk tea and steamed twisted rolls. The compressed tea is brick tea, mainly comprises Fuzhuan brick, huazhuan brick, black brick and Qing brick tea, commonly called four brick, and the bulk tea mainly comprises Tianjian, gongjian and Shengjian, which are commonly called Sanjian, and the flower roll tea comprises ten, two, hundred, two thousand and the like. Taking green brick tea as an example, the pile-fermentation operation of the green brick tea is generally controlled by manual operation at present, and the manual control process of the stacker is as follows: after an operator opens the gantry rail type moving tool to a designated position according to instructions of a central control person, the gantry crown block is controlled to descend to a proper height, the crown block is opened by the crown block and is gripped again to grasp tea leaves, after the steel claws of the crown block are completely folded, the operator controls the crown block to ascend to a starting position, then, the rail type moving tool is moved to a selected position, the crown block is opened by the steel claws, tea leaves are put down, so that one-time tea stacking work is completed, and the stacking work of the whole tea pile can be realized repeatedly.
In the piling operation process of pile fermentation, the gantry crown block is manually controlled by an operator to complete the whole process from the beginning operation to the completion of the operation under the command of a central control personnel. Although the operation of controlling the gantry rail type moving tool to walk and the operation of opening and holding the steel claw can be automated in the process, the step of observing the distance between the stacking and the gantry crown block is dependent on judgment of operators, which is the biggest reason that the full-automatic control cannot be realized all the time in the tea stacking operation.
In the existing black tea manufacturing technology, the tea pile is usually insufficiently fermented during pile fermentation treatment, and needs to be turned over for more than 2 times so as to be fully fermented, in the prior art, the fermentation condition is usually observed according to manual experience, manual re-stacking is performed, the human factors in the whole process are large, the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the quality of the black tea cannot be generally guaranteed, and the large-scale production is not facilitated.
The green brick tea is one of special black tea in Hubei province and is a main tea variety in China. The green brick tea is mainly prepared from fresh leaves of high-quality tea trees in mountain by processes of pile fermentation, aging, high-temperature autoclaving and the like, wherein the pile fermentation and pile turning processes play a vital role in quality formation. The green brick tea has compact and smooth appearance and unique taste, and is rich in various substances beneficial to human health. The green brick tea has various effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, clearing away heart fire and refreshing, reducing blood lipid and blood pressure, sterilizing and relieving diarrhea and the like, and is accepted and favored by more and more consumers along with the enhancement of health care consciousness of people.
Although the green brick tea processing process such as screening, picking and the like realizes mechanization, the turning pile, ditch passing and the like of the green brick tea in the pile fermentation process are manually operated, so that the labor intensity is high, the production cost is high, and the quality fluctuation is very easy to cause due to technical difference, so that the standardization is difficult to realize. At present, the pile fermentation process generally adopts manual pile turning to observe the temperature and humidity change and whether the pile fermentation is moderate. However, the method usually relies on personal sense and experience to read and judge the pile fermentation degree of the raw materials of the green brick tea, and is extremely easy to be influenced by the working experience of the method, the current physiological condition, the surrounding environment, the weather, the temperature and humidity and other factors, so that the establishment of a scientific pile real-time monitoring technology of the green brick tea is imperative. On the basis of defining the pile-fermentation operation condition of the green brick tea, the pile-fermentation process of the green brick tea is quantitatively monitored, so that the production efficiency can be improved, the proper pile-fermentation can be scientifically judged, the effect of harmful microorganisms can be reduced, the controllability of the pile-fermentation process can be realized, and the green brick tea product with high quality and pure fragrance can be produced.
Therefore, how to accurately monitor the condition of dark tea such as green brick tea in the pile fermentation process in real time becomes one of the valuable research subjects in the current tea making process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a black tea pile fermentation model construction method, a real-time monitoring method and equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, in a first aspect, the invention discloses a black tea pile fermentation model construction method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, when water is added to raw material tea leaves for pile fermentation, determining initial pile fermentation, and constructing a 3D model of the initial pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the initial pile fermentation;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the initial pile fermentation center, the top end part and the environment where the initial pile fermentation is located at intervals of a first preset time;
s2, when the first preset period expires, performing first pile turning processing in the first pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile after the first pile turning processing;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the new pile at the center, the top end and the environment where the new pile is located at every second preset time;
s3, when the second preset period expires, performing second pile turning processing in the second pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the secondary new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the secondary new pile after the second pile turning processing;
Respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the secondary new pile at the center, the top end and the environment where the secondary new pile is located at intervals of a third preset time;
s4, when the third preset period expires, performing third pile turning processing in the third pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the tail new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the tail new pile after the third pile turning processing;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the environment where the tail new pile is located at the center, the top end and the tail new pile every fourth preset time;
after repeated times, constructing a pile fermentation model for black tea pile fermentation before pile turning in real-time monitoring, temperature and humidity of the center position and the top end part of the pile fermentation before pile turning and temperature and humidity of the environment where the pile fermentation before pile turning is located, and a relational database of the temperature and humidity of the pile fermentation model after pile turning, the temperature and humidity of the center position and the top end part of the pile fermentation after pile turning and the environment where the pile fermentation after pile turning is located;
and constructing a pile fermentation model after pile turnover according to the relational database and the pile shape and the size of the actual pile fermentation before pile turnover.
Further, the method further comprises: simulating the temperature and humidity of the pile center and the top end of the pile corresponding to the pile-turning pile model and the temperature and humidity change conditions of the environment where the pile-turning pile is located, if at least one of the temperature and the humidity of the pile-turning pile model is abnormal, adjusting the pile-turning pile model until the abnormal condition appears, and storing the pile-turning pile model without the abnormal condition.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of dark tea pile fermentation, the method is based on a pile fermentation model constructed by any one of the above methods, the method comprises the following steps:
according to the pile fermentation model without abnormal situation after pile fermentation, pile fermentation before pile fermentation is carried out to form actual pile fermentation after pile fermentation;
monitoring the temperature and humidity of the center, the top end and the environment of the actual pile after turning in real time;
comparing the temperature and humidity changes of the center, the top end and the environment of the pile under the corresponding pile model in the relational database;
and if the comparison result of at least one of the temperature and the humidity is not in the preset range, sending out an early warning signal.
Sending out the early warning signal includes: and starting alarm and error correction, and correcting the stacking shape of the tea leaves in the pile.
Further, the starting alarm error correction, correcting the piling shape of the tea in the pile comprises:
the abnormal temperature comprises that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside in the pile fermentation process is larger than a preset temperature difference threshold value or the local temperature is too high, and the abnormal humidity comprises the following steps: when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset difference threshold or the local humidity is too high in the pile fermentation process, turning the pile in advance; when the local temperature is too high, the local temperature is locally reduced at the position where the local temperature is too high; when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset humidity difference threshold, turning the stack in advance; and when the local humidity is too high, performing dehumidifying treatment on the position with the local humidity being too high.
Further, the black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method further comprises the following steps:
monitoring, within a first predetermined period, whether the temperature range at the initial pile internal centre is within 70 ℃, the humidity range at the initial pile internal centre is within 75%, the temperature range at the initial pile tip is between 45 ℃ and 60 ℃, the humidity range at the initial pile tip is between 63% and 65%, and the temperature difference between the initial pile internal centre and the initial pile tip is not more than 15 ℃, and the humidity difference between the initial pile internal centre and the initial pile tip is not more than 15%.
Further, the black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method further comprises the following steps:
after the first preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the initial pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the initial pile meet a first preset condition, if so, performing primary pile turning treatment on the initial pile in the first pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the new pile and the environment where the new pile is located in a second preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 55+/-5 ℃ and 45+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 70+/-5%, 65+/-5%;
After the second preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the new pile meet a second preset condition, if so, performing second pile turning treatment on the new pile in the second pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the environment where the new pile is located and the new pile is located in a third preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 40+/-5 ℃ and 35+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 65+/-5%, 60+/-5%;
after the third preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile meet a third preset condition, if so, performing third pile turning treatment on the secondary new pile in the third pile turning period, and monitoring the environment temperature and humidity of the secondary new pile and the secondary new pile in a fourth preset period after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 30+/-5 ℃ and 25+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 60+/-5% and 55+/-5%.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring device, including: the method comprises the steps of calling a program instruction stored in a memory by the controller to control the first temperature sensor and the first humidity sensor to collect the temperature and the humidity of the pile, controlling the second temperature sensor and the second humidity sensor to collect the temperature and the humidity of the top end of the pile, controlling the third temperature sensor and the third humidity sensor to collect the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the pile is located, and realizing the black tea pile real-time monitoring method according to any one of the above.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises: and when the local temperature value and/or the local humidity value are/is too high during pile fermentation, the blower and the alarm are/is monitored, an alarm signal is sent out, and the blower is controlled to perform cooling and humidity reducing treatment on the position where the local temperature value is too high and the position where the local humidity value is too high.
According to the black tea pile fermentation model construction method, the real-time monitoring method and the device, the temperature and humidity information of the pile and the temperature and humidity information of the environment are collected in real time, the temperature and humidity of different positions of the pile and the temperature and humidity of the environment are collected by the sensor, and the problems in the pile fermentation process and the problem of inaccurate artificial pile turning judgment are reduced by monitoring the temperature and the humidity in real time. Scientific judgment of proper pile fermentation conditions, accurate judgment of pile turning time and realization of scientific production conditions and standardized production flow.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of pile fermentation monitoring in a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows an abnormality processing schematic diagram of a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be noted that, if not conflicting, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other, which are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method, and the whole pile fermentation process is carried out in a relatively closed space, so that the influence of microbial flora in stable fermentation is relatively small, and the black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method can be better realized by implementing the black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method without considering the influence of microbial flora in the fermentation process, thereby being beneficial to realizing standardized large-scale production and manufacturing.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the embodiment of the invention discloses a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, when raw material tea is added with water for pile fermentation, determining initial temperature and initial humidity of initial pile fermentation, and setting the temperature and humidity of an environment where the initial pile fermentation is located;
s2, respectively monitoring the temperature and the humidity of the initial pile fermentation and the environment where the initial pile fermentation is located in real time within a first preset period;
s3, when the first preset period expires, carrying out first pile turning treatment in the first pile turning period, and monitoring the new pile after pile turning and the environment temperature and humidity of the new pile in a second preset period in real time;
s4, when the second preset period expires, carrying out second pile turning treatment in the second pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the newly-piled secondary pile fermentation after pile turning and the environment where the newly-piled secondary pile fermentation is located in real time in a third preset period;
s5, when the third preset period expires, carrying out third pile turning treatment in a third pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the tail new pile after pile turning and the environment where the tail new pile is located in real time;
S6, when the central humidity of the tail new pile of the tea reaches a first preset humidity range, and the water content of the tail new pile of the tea is in the first preset water content range, the monitoring is completed;
in the steps S1 to S5, when at least one of the temperature and the humidity is detected to be abnormal, an alarm is started to correct the error, and the piling shape of the tea leaves in the pile is corrected.
In a preferred embodiment, when the black tea is green brick tea, step S1 of the method includes:
setting the temperature range of the environment where the initial pile fermentation is positioned between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and setting the humidity range of the environment where the initial pile fermentation is positioned between 55% and 67%;
the step S2 comprises the following steps:
monitoring, within said first predetermined period, whether the temperature range at the initial pile internal centre is within 70 ℃, the humidity range at the initial pile internal centre is within 75%, the temperature range at the initial pile tip is between 45 ℃ and 60 ℃, the humidity range at the initial pile tip is between 63% and 65%, and the temperature difference between the temperature at the initial pile internal centre and the initial pile tip is not more than 15 ℃, and the humidity difference between the humidity at the initial pile internal centre and the initial pile tip is not more than 15%.
In a preferred embodiment, step S3 of the method comprises:
after the first preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the initial pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the initial pile meet a first preset condition, if so, performing first pile turning treatment on the initial pile in the first pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the new pile and the environment where the new pile is located in a second preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 55+/-5 ℃ and 45+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 70+/-5%, 65+/-5%;
the step S4 includes:
after the second preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the new pile meet a second preset condition, if so, performing second pile turning treatment on the new pile in the second pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the environment where the new pile is located and the new pile is located in a third preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 40+/-5 ℃ and 35+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 65+/-5%, 60+/-5%;
The step S5 comprises the following steps:
after the third preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile meet a third preset condition, if so, performing third pile turning treatment on the secondary new pile in the third pile turning period, and monitoring the environment temperature and humidity of the secondary new pile and the secondary new pile in a fourth preset period after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 30+/-5 ℃ and 25+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 60+/-5% and 55+/-5%.
In a preferred embodiment, step S6 of the method comprises:
monitoring is completed when the central humidity of the pile is monitored to be within 50% and the water content of the pile tea is monitored to be within 20%.
Referring to fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment, in the steps S1 to S5, when an abnormality occurs in at least one of the temperature and the humidity, starting alarm error correction, and correcting the pile shape of the tea leaves in the pile comprises:
the abnormal temperature comprises that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside in the pile fermentation process is larger than a preset temperature difference threshold value or the local temperature is too high, and the abnormal humidity comprises the following steps: when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset difference threshold or the local humidity is too high in the pile fermentation process, turning the pile in advance; when the local temperature is too high, the local temperature is locally reduced at the position where the local temperature is too high; when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset humidity difference threshold, turning the stack in advance; and when the local humidity is too high, performing dehumidifying treatment on the position with the local humidity being too high. If the temperature is reduced and the humidity is removed by adopting a blower device.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: step S7, a black tea pile fermentation real-time simulation monitoring step specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing an initial pile fermentation model, and constructing a 3D model of the initial pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the initial pile fermentation;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the initial pile fermentation center, the top end part and the environment where the initial pile fermentation is located at intervals of a first preset time;
constructing a new pile fermentation model, and constructing a 3D model of the new pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile fermentation after the first pile fermentation treatment;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the new pile at the center, the top end and the environment where the new pile is located at every second preset time;
constructing a secondary new pile fermentation model, and constructing a secondary new pile fermentation 3D model according to the pile shape and the size of the secondary new pile fermentation after the secondary pile fermentation treatment;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the secondary new pile at the center, the top end and the environment where the secondary new pile is located at intervals of a third preset time;
constructing a new tail pile model, and constructing a 3D model of the new tail pile according to the pile shape and the size of the new tail pile after the third pile turning treatment;
respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the environment where the tail new pile is located at the center, the top end and the tail new pile every fourth preset time;
After repeated times, constructing a pile fermentation model for green brick tea pile fermentation before pile fermentation in real-time monitoring, temperature and humidity of the center and the top end part of the pile fermentation before pile fermentation and temperature and humidity of the environment where the pile fermentation before pile fermentation is located, and a relational database of the temperature and humidity of the pile fermentation model after pile fermentation, the temperature and humidity of the center and the top end part of the pile fermentation after pile fermentation and the environment where the pile fermentation after pile fermentation is located;
constructing a pile fermentation model after pile turning according to the relational database and the actual pile fermentation shape and size before pile turning, simulating the temperature and humidity of the pile fermentation center and the top end part of the pile fermentation model after pile turning and the temperature and humidity change condition of the environment where the pile fermentation after pile turning is positioned, and if at least one of the temperature and the humidity of the pile fermentation model after pile turning is abnormal, adjusting the pile fermentation model after pile turning until no abnormal condition exists, and storing the pile fermentation model after pile turning without abnormal condition.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises:
according to the pile fermentation model without abnormal situation after pile fermentation, pile fermentation before pile fermentation is carried out to form actual pile fermentation after pile fermentation;
Monitoring the temperature and humidity of the center, the top end and the environment of the actual pile after turning in real time;
comparing the temperature and humidity changes of the center, the top end and the environment of the pile under the corresponding pile model in the relational database;
and if the comparison result of at least one of the temperature and the humidity is not in the preset range, sending out an early warning signal. The automatic monitoring can be well realized, and the accuracy of the comparison result can be ensured due to the collection of a large amount of data, so that the quality of tea is ensured.
In summary, when the black tea is green brick tea, the following technical scheme is adopted to realize green brick tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Raw material tea is added with water for piling, and the piling and the environmental temperature and humidity are monitored;
2) The pile fermentation is carried out for 1 to 5 days, and the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the pile fermentation is located are monitored;
3) Carrying out primary pile turning treatment on the 6 th to 7 th days of pile fermentation, and monitoring pile fermentation and environmental temperature and humidity after pile turning;
4) Carrying out secondary pile turning treatment on the 8 th to 9 th days of pile fermentation, and monitoring pile fermentation and environmental temperature and humidity after pile turning;
5) Carrying out third pile turning treatment on the 10 th to 11 th days of pile fermentation, and monitoring pile fermentation and environmental temperature and humidity after pile turning;
6) In step 1), the ambient temperature and humidity are maintained at 30.+ -. 5 ℃ and 60.+ -. 5%, respectively. The temperature and humidity of the internal center and the external top end of the pile are monitored in real time by adopting a contact type monitoring device;
7) In the step 2), the internal temperature of the pile is always kept not to exceed 70 ℃, the internal humidity is kept not to exceed 75%, the internal and external temperature difference is kept not to exceed 15 ℃, the internal and external humidity difference is kept not to exceed 15%, otherwise, the monitoring and early warning device starts an alarm, and corresponding corrective measures are carried out;
8) In the step 3), when the internal central temperature and the external top temperature of the pile reach 65 ℃ and 50 ℃ respectively, turning the pile for the first time, after turning the pile, keeping the internal central temperature and the external top temperature of the pile at 55+/-5 ℃ and 45+/-5 ℃ respectively and the humidity at 70+/-5% and 65+/-5% respectively, otherwise, starting an alarm by a monitoring and early warning device, and carrying out corresponding corrective measures;
9) In the step 4), when the internal central temperature and the external top temperature of the pile reach 55 ℃ and 40 ℃ respectively, turning the pile for the second time, after turning the pile, keeping the internal central temperature and the external top temperature of the pile at 40+/-5 ℃ and 35+/-5 ℃ respectively and the humidity at 65+/-5% and 60+/-5% respectively, otherwise, starting an alarm by a monitoring and early warning device, and carrying out corresponding corrective measures;
10 In step 5), when the internal central temperature and the external top temperature of the pile reach 45 ℃ and 30 ℃ respectively, turning the pile for the third time, after turning the pile, keeping the internal central temperature and the external top temperature of the pile at 30+/-5 ℃ and 25+/-5 ℃ respectively and the humidity at 60+/-5% and 55+/-5% respectively, otherwise, starting an alarm by a monitoring and early warning device, and carrying out corresponding corrective measures;
of course, the technical scheme of the embodiment 1 of the invention is not limited to the green brick tea, and other black tea such as Pu' er tea, anhua black tea and the like can be also used.
The following are several practical examples of experiments performed by adopting the main technical scheme of the invention and adopting the green brick tea:
example 1
1) The tea is added with water for piling, the temperature and the humidity of the piling are monitored, and the ambient temperature and the humidity are kept to be 35 ℃ and 65% respectively. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
2) The internal center temperature of the pile is always kept 65+/-5 ℃ for 1-5 days, the internal center humidity is 70%, the external top temperature is 55+/-5 ℃, and the external top humidity is 65%;
3) On the 5 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 63 ℃, the internal central humidity is 68%, the external top temperature is 54 ℃, the external top humidity is 60%, after the primary pile fermentation treatment, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 55 ℃, the internal central humidity is 62%, the external top temperature is 48 ℃, and the external top humidity is 61%;
4) On the 8 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 56 ℃, the internal central humidity is 63%, the external top temperature is 45 ℃, the external top humidity is 59%, after the secondary pile fermentation treatment, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 43 ℃, the internal central humidity is 61%, the external top temperature is 41 ℃ and the external top humidity is 60%;
5) The internal center temperature of the pile is 39 ℃, the internal center humidity of the pile is 62%, the external top temperature is 40 ℃, the external top humidity is 54%, and after the pile is turned for the third time, the internal center temperature of the pile is 33 ℃, the internal center humidity is 58%, the external top temperature is 31 ℃, and the external top humidity is 57%;
6) Piling until the humidity of the inner center reaches 50%, and carrying out subsequent process processing of green brick tea when the water content of the tea leaves is 20%.
Example 2
1) Raw material tea is added with water for piling, the temperature and the humidity of the piling are monitored, and the ambient temperature and the humidity are kept at 35 ℃ and 66% respectively. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
2) The internal center temperature of the pile is kept to be 65+/-5 ℃ for 1-4 days, the internal center humidity of the pile is kept to be 72%, the external top temperature is kept to be 52+/-5 ℃, and the external top humidity is kept to be 63%;
3) On the 4 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 71 ℃, the internal central humidity is 73%, the external top temperature is 59 ℃, the external top humidity is 66%, because the internal central temperature exceeds 70 ℃, a monitoring and early warning device is started, the first emergency pile turnover is immediately carried out, meanwhile, the blast ventilation treatment is adopted, after the treatment, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 64 ℃, the internal central humidity is 67%, the external top temperature is 54%, and the external top humidity is 65%;
4) On the 6 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 58 ℃, the internal central humidity is 58%, the external top temperature is 50 ℃, the external top humidity is 56%, the pile fermentation is carried out for the second pile turnover treatment, after the treatment, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 47 ℃, the internal central humidity is 58%, the external top temperature is 42 ℃, and the external top humidity is 58%;
5) On the 9 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 39 ℃, the internal central humidity is 55%, the external top temperature is 38 ℃, the external top humidity is 50%, after the pile fermentation is carried out for the third time, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 34 ℃, the internal central humidity is 54%, the external top temperature is 32%, and the external top humidity is 54%;
6) Piling until the humidity of the inner center reaches 50%, and carrying out subsequent process processing of green brick tea when the water content of the tea leaves is 20%.
Example 3
1) Raw material tea is added with water for piling, the temperature and the humidity of the piling are monitored, and the ambient temperature and the humidity are kept at 35 ℃ and 65%, respectively. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
2) The internal center temperature of the pile is kept at 60+/-5 ℃ for 1-5 days, the internal center humidity of the pile is kept at 70%, the external top temperature is kept at 50+/-5 ℃, and the external top humidity is kept at 65%;
3) On the 5 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 58 ℃, the internal central humidity is 68%, the external top temperature is 54 ℃, the external top humidity is 60%, after the primary pile fermentation treatment, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 52 ℃, the internal central humidity is 63%, the external top temperature is 48 ℃, and the external top humidity is 59%;
4) On the 8 th day of pile fermentation, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 54 ℃, the internal central humidity is 62%, the external top temperature is 49 ℃, the external top humidity is 56%, the second pile-turning treatment is carried out, after the treatment, the internal central temperature of the pile fermentation is 42 ℃, the internal central humidity is 57%, the external top temperature is 40 ℃, and the external top humidity is 53%;
5) The internal center temperature of the pile is 33 ℃, the internal center humidity of the pile is 56%, the external top temperature is 31 ℃, the external top humidity is 40%, and the internal center and the external top humidity difference exceeds 15%, so that the monitoring and early warning device is started, and after the pile turning treatment is performed for the third time, the internal center temperature of the pile is 31 ℃, the internal center humidity is 50%, the external top temperature is 30%, and the external top humidity is 50%;
6) Piling until the humidity of the inner center reaches 50%, and carrying out subsequent process processing of green brick tea when the water content of the tea leaves is 20%.
Embodiment 2
Referring to fig. 4, the present invention further provides a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring device, which includes:
the initial pile fermentation processing module 10 is used for determining the initial temperature and the initial humidity of the initial pile fermentation when adding water to raw material tea for pile fermentation, and setting the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the initial pile fermentation is positioned;
The initial pile fermentation monitoring module 20 is configured to monitor the temperature and the humidity of the initial pile fermentation and the environment where the initial pile fermentation is located in real time in a first predetermined period;
the new pile fermentation monitoring module 30 is configured to perform a first pile fermentation process during a first pile fermentation period when the first predetermined period expires, and monitor the new pile fermentation after pile fermentation and the environmental temperature and humidity of the new pile fermentation in real time during a second predetermined period;
the secondary new pile fermentation monitoring module 40 is configured to perform secondary pile fermentation processing during a second pile fermentation period when the second predetermined period expires, and monitor the temperature and humidity of the secondary new pile fermentation after pile fermentation and the environment where the secondary new pile fermentation is located in real time during a third predetermined period;
the tail new pile fermentation monitoring module 50 is configured to perform a third pile fermentation process in a third pile fermentation period when the third predetermined period expires, and monitor the temperature and humidity of the tail new pile fermentation after pile fermentation and the environment where the tail new pile fermentation is located in real time;
the pile fermentation monitoring ending module 60 is configured to monitor that when the central humidity of the new pile fermentation reaches a first preset humidity range and the water content of the new pile fermentation leaves is within the first preset water content range, the monitoring is completed;
The abnormality processing module 70 is configured to start alarm error correction when abnormality occurs in at least one of temperature and humidity, and correct a stacking shape of tea leaves in the pile.
Preferably, when the black tea is green brick tea, the initial pile fermentation processing module 10 is specifically configured to:
setting the temperature range of the environment where the initial pile fermentation is positioned between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and setting the humidity range of the environment where the initial pile fermentation is positioned between 55% and 67%;
the initial pile fermentation monitoring module 20 is specifically configured to:
monitoring, within said first predetermined period, whether the temperature range at the initial pile internal centre is within 70 ℃, the humidity range at the initial pile internal centre is within 75%, the temperature range at the initial pile tip is between 45 ℃ and 60 ℃, the humidity range at the initial pile tip is between 63% and 65%, and the temperature difference between the temperature at the initial pile internal centre and the initial pile tip is not more than 15 ℃, and the humidity difference between the humidity at the initial pile internal centre and the initial pile tip is not more than 15%.
The new pile of fermentation monitoring module 30 is specifically configured to:
after the first preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the initial pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the initial pile meet a first preset condition, if so, performing first pile turning treatment on the initial pile in the first pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the new pile and the environment where the new pile is located in a second preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 55+/-5 ℃ and 45+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 70+/-5%, 65+/-5%;
The secondary new pile monitoring module 40 is specifically configured to:
after the second preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the new pile meet a second preset condition, if so, performing second pile turning treatment on the new pile in the second pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the environment where the new pile is located and the new pile is located in a third preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 40+/-5 ℃ and 35+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 65+/-5%, 60+/-5%;
the tail neo-pile monitoring module 50 is specifically configured to:
after the third preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile meet a third preset condition, if so, performing third pile turning treatment on the secondary new pile in the third pile turning period, and monitoring the environment temperature and humidity of the secondary new pile and the secondary new pile in a fourth preset period after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 30+/-5 ℃ and 25+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 60+/-5% and 55+/-5%.
The pile-on monitoring end module 60 comprises:
and the monitoring ending unit is used for completing the monitoring when the central humidity of the pile is monitored to be within 50% and the water content of the pile tea is monitored to be within 20%.
Further, the embodiment of the invention further comprises: the alarm error correction module is used for starting alarm error correction when at least one of the temperature and the humidity is abnormal, and correcting the stacking shape of the tea in the pile comprises the following steps:
the abnormal temperature comprises that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside in the pile fermentation process is larger than a preset temperature difference threshold value or the local temperature is too high, and the abnormal humidity comprises the following steps: when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset difference threshold or the local humidity is too high in the pile fermentation process, turning the pile in advance; when the local temperature is too high, the local temperature is locally reduced at the position where the local temperature is too high; when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset humidity difference threshold, turning the stack in advance; and when the local humidity is too high, performing dehumidifying treatment on the position with the local humidity being too high.
The exception handling module 70 specifically includes:
the initial pile fermentation model construction unit is used for constructing a 3D model of the initial pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the initial pile fermentation;
the first acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the initial pile fermentation center, the top end part and the environment where the initial pile fermentation is located at intervals of a first preset time;
The new pile fermentation model construction unit is used for constructing a 3D model of the new pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile fermentation after the first pile fermentation treatment;
the second acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the new pile fermentation center, the top end part and the environment where the new pile fermentation is located at intervals of a second preset time;
the secondary new pile fermentation model construction unit is used for constructing a secondary new pile fermentation 3D model according to the pile shape and the size of the secondary new pile fermentation after the secondary pile fermentation treatment;
the third acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the secondary new pile fermentation center, the top end part and the environment where the secondary new pile fermentation is located at intervals of a third preset time;
the pile forming unit is used for forming a pile forming 3D model of the new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile after the third pile turning treatment;
the fourth acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the center, the top end and the environment where the new tail pile is located at the preset time interval;
the database construction unit is used for constructing a pile fermentation model before pile turning, the temperature and the humidity of the center position of the pile fermentation before pile turning and the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the pile fermentation before pile turning is located, and a relational database of the temperature and the humidity of the pile fermentation model after pile turning, the temperature and the humidity of the center position of the pile fermentation after pile turning and the top end position of the pile fermentation after pile turning and the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the pile fermentation after pile turning is located in the green brick tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring after repeated times;
Constructing a pile fermentation model after pile turning according to the relational database and the actual pile fermentation shape and size before pile turning, simulating the temperature and humidity of the pile fermentation center and the top end part of the pile fermentation model after pile turning and the temperature and humidity change condition of the environment where the pile fermentation after pile turning is positioned, and if at least one of the temperature and the humidity of the pile fermentation model after pile turning is abnormal, adjusting the pile fermentation model after pile turning until no abnormal condition exists, and storing the pile fermentation model after pile turning without abnormal condition.
The device further comprises:
the actual pile-fermentation forming module is used for carrying out pile-fermentation treatment on pile fermentation before pile fermentation according to the pile fermentation model without abnormal condition after pile fermentation to form actual pile fermentation after pile fermentation;
the real-time monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of the center, the top end and the environment of the actual pile after pile turning in real time;
the comparison module is used for comparing the temperature and humidity changes of the center part and the top end part of the pile under the corresponding pile fermentation model in the relational database and the environment where the pile fermentation model is positioned;
and the early warning module is used for sending out an early warning signal if the comparison result of at least one of the temperature and the humidity is not in the preset range.
Embodiment 3
Referring to fig. 4, the present invention further provides a black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring device, which includes: the method comprises the steps of a first temperature sensor 101, a second temperature sensor 102, a third temperature sensor 103, a first humidity sensor 104, a second humidity sensor 105, a third humidity sensor 106, a controller 107 and a memory 108, wherein the controller calls a program instruction stored in the memory to control the first temperature sensor and the first humidity sensor to collect the temperature and the humidity of the pile, controls the second temperature sensor and the second humidity sensor to collect the temperature and the humidity of the top end of the pile, controls the third temperature sensor and the third humidity sensor to collect the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the pile is located, and realizes the real-time monitoring method of the black tea pile described in the previous embodiment 1, and detailed please refer to the embodiment 1 again, which is not repeated.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises: and when the local temperature value and/or the local humidity value are/is too high during pile fermentation, the blower and the alarm are/is monitored, an alarm signal is sent out, and the blower is controlled to perform cooling and humidity reducing treatment on the position where the local temperature value is too high and the position where the local humidity value is too high.
The invention aims to break through the bottleneck technical link of the prior art and provides a green brick tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring technology. The method comprises a pile fermentation time control method, a pile fermentation temperature monitoring method, pile turning frequency recommendation and the like, and real-time monitoring and theoretical support are provided for production operation of a green brick tea production line by on-line real-time monitoring of green brick tea pile fermentation and turning production data and selection of optimal production operation conditions.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of the invention in order that the detailed description of the principles and embodiments of the invention may be better understood, and in order that the present invention may be better understood; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In summary, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments of the invention, but is intended to cover all modifications of equivalent structures or equivalent processes, or direct or indirect application in other related arts, which are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The black tea pile fermentation model construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, when water is added to raw material tea leaves for pile fermentation, determining initial pile fermentation, and constructing a 3D model of the initial pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the initial pile fermentation; respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the initial pile fermentation center, the top end part and the environment where the initial pile fermentation is located at intervals of a first preset time;
s2, when the first preset period expires, performing first pile turning processing in the first pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile after the first pile turning processing; respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the new pile at the center, the top end and the environment where the new pile is located at every second preset time;
s3, when the second preset period expires, performing second pile turning processing in the second pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the secondary new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the secondary new pile after the second pile turning processing; respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the secondary new pile at the center, the top end and the environment where the secondary new pile is located at intervals of a third preset time;
s4, when the third preset period expires, performing third pile turning processing in the third pile turning period, and constructing a 3D model of the tail new pile according to the pile shape and the size of the tail new pile after the third pile turning processing;
Respectively acquiring temperature data and humidity data of the environment where the tail new pile is located at the center, the top end and the tail new pile every fourth preset time;
constructing an initial pile fermentation model, and constructing a 3D model of the initial pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the initial pile fermentation;
constructing a new pile fermentation model, and constructing a 3D model of the new pile fermentation according to the pile shape and the size of the new pile fermentation after the first pile fermentation treatment;
constructing a secondary new pile fermentation model, and constructing a secondary new pile fermentation 3D model according to the pile shape and the size of the secondary new pile fermentation after the secondary pile fermentation treatment;
constructing a new tail pile model, and constructing a 3D model of the new tail pile according to the pile shape and the size of the new tail pile after the third pile turning treatment;
after repeated times, constructing a pile fermentation model for black tea pile fermentation before pile turning in real-time monitoring, temperature and humidity of the center position and the top end part of the pile fermentation before pile turning and temperature and humidity of the environment where the pile fermentation before pile turning is located, and a relational database of the temperature and humidity of the pile fermentation model after pile turning, the temperature and humidity of the center position and the top end part of the pile fermentation after pile turning and the environment where the pile fermentation after pile turning is located;
and constructing a pile fermentation model after pile turnover according to the relational database and the pile shape and the size of the actual pile fermentation before pile turnover.
2. The dark tea pile fermentation model building method of claim 1, further comprising: simulating the temperature and humidity of the pile center and the top end of the pile corresponding to the pile-turning pile model and the temperature and humidity change conditions of the environment where the pile-turning pile is located, if at least one of the temperature and the humidity of the pile-turning pile model is abnormal, adjusting the pile-turning pile model until the abnormal condition appears, and storing the pile-turning pile model without the abnormal condition.
3. A method for monitoring black tea pile fermentation in real time, which is characterized in that the method is based on a pile fermentation model constructed by the method of claim 1 or 2 for monitoring in real time, and the method for monitoring black tea pile fermentation in real time comprises the following steps:
according to the pile fermentation model without abnormal conditions, pile fermentation before pile fermentation is carried out pile fermentation treatment, and actual pile fermentation after pile fermentation is formed;
monitoring the temperature and humidity of the center, the top end and the environment of the actual pile after turning in real time;
comparing the temperature and humidity changes of the center, the top end and the environment of the pile under the corresponding pile model in the relational database;
And if the comparison result of at least one of the temperature and the humidity is not in the preset range, sending out an early warning signal.
4. The real-time dark tea pile fermentation monitoring method according to claim 3, wherein the sending an early warning signal if the comparison result of at least one of the temperature and the humidity is not within the predetermined range comprises: and starting alarm and error correction, and correcting the stacking shape of the tea leaves in the pile.
5. The black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein the starting alarm error correction, correcting the pile shape of the tea leaves in the pile fermentation comprises:
the abnormal temperature comprises that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside in the pile fermentation process is larger than a preset temperature difference threshold value or the local temperature is too high, and the abnormal humidity comprises the following steps: when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset difference threshold or the local humidity is too high in the pile fermentation process, turning the pile in advance; when the local temperature is too high, the local temperature is locally reduced at the position where the local temperature is too high; when the difference between the internal humidity and the external humidity is larger than a preset humidity difference threshold, turning the stack in advance; and when the local humidity is too high, performing dehumidifying treatment on the position with the local humidity being too high.
6. A black tea pile-on-a-mole monitoring method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
Monitoring, within a first predetermined period of time, whether the temperature range at the internal centre of the initial pile is within 70 ℃, the humidity range at the internal centre of the initial pile is within 75%, whether the temperature range at the top of the initial pile is between 45 ℃ and 60 ℃,
whether the humidity range of the initial pile tip is between 63% and 65%, and monitoring the temperature difference between the temperature at the internal centre of the initial pile and the initial pile tip is not more than 15 ℃, monitoring the humidity difference between the humidity at the internal centre of the initial pile and the initial pile tip is not more than 15%.
7. The real-time dark tea pile-on-monitoring method according to claim 6, further comprising:
after the first preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the initial pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the initial pile meet a first preset condition, if so, performing primary pile turning treatment on the initial pile in the first pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the new pile and the environment where the new pile is located in a second preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 55+/-5 ℃ and 45+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 70+/-5%, 65+/-5%;
After the second preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the new pile meet a second preset condition, if so, performing second pile turning treatment on the new pile in the second pile turning period, and monitoring the temperature and humidity of the environment where the new pile is located and the new pile is located in a third preset period in real time after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the new pile and the temperature of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 40+/-5 ℃ and 35+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the new pile and the humidity of the top end of the new pile are respectively kept at 65+/-5%, 60+/-5%;
after the third preset period expires, monitoring whether the temperature and humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature and humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile meet a third preset condition, if so, performing third pile turning treatment on the secondary new pile in the third pile turning period, and monitoring the environment temperature and humidity of the secondary new pile and the secondary new pile in a fourth preset period after pile turning, so as to ensure that the temperature of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the temperature of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 30+/-5 ℃ and 25+/-5 ℃, and the humidity of the inner center of the secondary new pile and the humidity of the top end of the secondary new pile are respectively kept at 60+/-5% and 55+/-5%.
8. The black tea pile fermentation real-time monitoring method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, further comprising: when raw material tea is added with water for piling, the temperature range of the environment where the initial piling is located is set to be between 25 and 35 ℃, and the humidity range of the environment where the initial piling is located is set to be between 55 and 67%.
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| CN109122959A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
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