CN114303915B - Method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprouts - Google Patents
Method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprouts Download PDFInfo
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- CN114303915B CN114303915B CN202111633599.9A CN202111633599A CN114303915B CN 114303915 B CN114303915 B CN 114303915B CN 202111633599 A CN202111633599 A CN 202111633599A CN 114303915 B CN114303915 B CN 114303915B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprouts. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Fresh corn seeds with full grains and no worm eye rot are purchased from the market and soaked in sterile water at room temperature; (2) Soaking in ethanol solution, washing with sterile water, and performing wet ultrasonic treatment in the sterile water; (3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, cultivating until the corn seeds reach the three leaf stage, and collecting cultivated corn sprout vegetables. According to the method provided by the invention, by controlling parameters of the ultrasonic physical field, including ultrasonic power and ultrasonic pretreatment time, the total amount of carotenoid and lutein accumulation of the cultivated corn sprouts are obviously improved compared with those of corn sprouts without ultrasonic pretreatment. The invention provides a corn sprout vegetable with high added value, and the pretreatment method is simple to operate, is suitable for large-scale popularization and has certain economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn sprout cultivation, in particular to a method for improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprout vegetables by ultrasonic waves.
Background
Carotenoids are the most widely distributed pigments in nature. The vitamin A in human body is mainly from carotenoid, and the carotenoid has the effects of preventing night blindness, maintaining the stability of cell membrane and resisting adverse environment. Lutein, one of the components in carotenoid, is a main pigment forming the macular area of human eyes, and has positive effects of maintaining eye health and protecting vision. In recent years, a great deal of researches show that lutein has the functions of resisting oxidization, scavenging free radicals, resisting cancers, resisting tumors and the like. Therefore, the cultivation mode for simply and efficiently obtaining the high-content carotenoid and lutein has important significance for fully playing the application value of the corn sprout vegetables.
The germination can effectively improve the nutrition quality of corn and the content of bioactive compounds. The carotenoid content in the sprouting vegetable of the corn is obviously improved in the sprouting process. The current technology for improving carotenoids in maize sprouts is usually NaCl stress (W.W.He, Y.X.Wang, H.Luo, D.J.Li, C.Q.Liu, J.F.Song, Z.Y.Zhang, C.J.Liu, and L.Y.Niua, effect of NaCl stress and supplemental CaCl) 2 on carotenoid accumulation in germinated yellow maize kernel, food Chemistry 309 (2020)), light stress (N.Xiang, X.B.Guo, F.Y.Liu, Q.Li, J.G.Hu, and C.S. Brennan, effect of Light-and Dark-Germination on the Phenolic BiosyThe fields of the invention include, but are not limited to, nth, phytochemical Profiles, and Antioxidant Activities in Sweet Corn (Zea mays l.) spray. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2017) and UV-B radiation (K.Hectors, E.Prinsen, W.De Coen, m.a. k. Jansen, and y.guilez, arabidopsis thaliana plants acclimated to low dose rates of ultraviolet B radiation show specific changes in morphology and gene expression in the absence of stress symptons. New photolog 175 (2007) 255-270.) etc., but in practical applications, these measures may cause various degrees of damage to plant growth, such as inhibition of plant growth, photooxidative damage, etc. The ultrasonic wave is used as a non-thermal processing technology, has the characteristics of safety, no toxicity and environmental protection, is convenient and effective for pretreatment of seed germination, has little influence on subsequent growth of plants, can even play a role in promoting synthesis of biological macromolecules and even growth of plant bodies, and can improve germination rate, seed vitality and stress resistance of plant seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprouts by ultrasonic treatment.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
A method for improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprouts by ultrasonic wave comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting corn seeds, soaking the corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature;
(2) Soaking in ethanol solution, washing with sterile water, and performing wet ultrasonic treatment in the sterile water;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, and culturing until the corn seeds are in a three-leaf period to obtain corn sprout vegetables.
Preferably, the corn kernels of step (1) are required to be in a fresh, full, intact, mildew-free, pest-free state.
Preferably, the soaking time in the step (1) is 6-8 hours.
Preferably, the soaking time of step (1) is 6 hours.
Preferably, the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 70-75%.
Preferably, the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 75%.
Preferably, the soaking time of the step (2) with the ethanol solution is 1-2 minutes.
Preferably, the time of soaking with the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 1 minute.
Preferably, the power of the wet ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is 100-500W.
Preferably, the frequency of the wet ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is 20-40 k Hz.
Preferably, the frequency of the wet ultrasonic treatment in step (2) is 40 khz.
Preferably, the time of the wet ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is 2 to 10 minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of the wet ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is 20-25 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the wet ultrasonic treatment in step (2) is 20 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the incubation in step (3) is 26-28 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the incubation in step (3) is 28 ℃.
Preferably, the incubation period in step (3) is 7 to 9 days.
Preferably, the incubation period of step (3) is 9 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the method for improving the accumulation of the carotenoids and the lutein of the corn sprouts by using the ultrasonic waves, the corn seeds are subjected to pretreatment of wet ultrasonic waves after seed soaking, and the corn sprouts with high total carotenoid content and high lutein content are cultivated by controlling ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time.
(2) The invention provides theoretical support for cultivating high value-added corn sprouts and has good economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples, but the practice and protection of the invention is not limited thereto.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
The corn seeds used below were all fresh corn seeds purchased from the market with full grain and no worm eye spoilage.
Comparative example 1
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 minute by using sterile water, and soaking in the sterile water for 8 minutes at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 1
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 minute by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 2 minutes by using a 100W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 2
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 4 min by using a 100W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 3
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 6 min by using a 100W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 4
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 min by using a 100W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 5
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 10 min by using a 100W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 6
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 min by using a 200W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 7
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 min by using a 300W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 8
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 minute by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 minutes by using a 400W 40 Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 9
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 min by using a 500W 40K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 10
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 min by using a 100W and 20K Hz ultrasonic instrument at the temperature of 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Example 11
(1) Soaking corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature for 6 hr;
(2) Washing corn seeds soaked in ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 75% for 1 min by using sterile water, soaking the washed corn seeds in the sterile water, and treating the corn seeds for 8 min by using a 100W 30K Hz ultrasonic instrument at 20 ℃;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, culturing at 28 ℃ for 9 days until the three-leaf period, harvesting corn sprout vegetables obtained by culturing the corn seeds, and measuring the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts.
Result measurement
The collected corn sprout samples (examples 1-11 and comparative example 1) were immediately subjected to quick freezing treatment and freeze preservation, and then were subjected to corn sprout carotenoid extraction and corresponding component (lutein as the main component) measurement, respectively.
Extracting carotenoid: 0.4g of corn seedling powder is weighed and evenly mixed with 2mL of ethanol solution with the volume percentage concentration of 95%, 1mL of sodium chloride solution (17.52 g/L), 4mL of pyrogallol dissolved in ethanol (63.055 g/L) and 1mL of ascorbic acid solution (176 mg/mL), 2mL of potassium hydroxide solution (600 g/L) is added, saponification is carried out for 45min in a water bath at 75 ℃, shaking is carried out for a plurality of times during saponification, then the mixture is cooled to room temperature in an ice water bath, then 0.75mL of sodium chloride solution (175.2 g/L) is added, and 10mL of ethyl acetate/n-hexane mixed solution (1:9, v/v) is used for extraction for three times. The upper organic phase was collected 3 times, the organic phase was washed twice with about 15mL of ultrapure water, a small amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the organic phase after washing to remove water, and then the organic phase was sucked into a test tube and dried by nitrogen blowing using a nitrogen blower. The dried solid is redissolved in 1mL of 1% isopropyl alcohol normal hexane solution by volume percentage concentration, filtered by 0.22 mu L of organic phase filter membrane and stored at minus 20 ℃ to be measured in a dark place.
Carotenoid determination: and measuring the extracted sample by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography. The detection wavelength of carotenoid is 450nm. The content of the corresponding compounds in the sample is determined by taking lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, epsilon-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and the like which are common carotenoid components in corn as standard substances. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From the experimental results of table 1, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. FW in Table 1 is fresh weight. The ultrasonic pretreatment is beneficial to accumulating carotenoid and lutein in the corn sprouts, so that the total carotenoid amount and lutein content of the corn sprouts are remarkably improved, and the nutritional quality of the corn sprouts is enhanced.
2. The prolonged ultrasound time in examples 1 to 5 effectively increased the total carotenoid content and lutein content of the corn sprouts, as compared to the condition of comparative example 1 without the pretreatment with ultrasound. The total amount of carotenoids in the maize sprouts (example 4) obtained by the ultrasonic pretreatment at 100W at 40K Hz for 8 min was 38.82% higher than in the maize sprouts (comparative example 1) without the ultrasonic pretreatment. Corn sprouts (example 4) with an ultrasonic pretreatment of 100W at 40K Hz had a 40.16% increase in lutein content as compared to corn sprouts (comparative example) without an ultrasonic pretreatment. Wherein the corn sprouts treated for 8 minutes with the ultrasound of example 4, i.e. at 100W,40K Hz, had the highest total amount of carotenoids and lutein content. It can be seen that the appropriate extension of the treatment time of the ultrasound treatment contributes to the accumulation of the total amount of carotenoids and lutein content of the maize sprouts.
3. The enhancement of ultrasonic power in examples 4, 6-9 can effectively increase the total carotenoid and lutein content of corn sprouts as compared to the condition of comparative example 1 without ultrasonic pretreatment. The total amount of carotenoids in the maize sprouts (example 9) obtained by the ultrasonic pretreatment at 500W at 40K Hz for 8 min was 81.57% higher than in the maize sprouts (comparative example 1) without the ultrasonic pretreatment. The corn sprouts (example 9) obtained by the ultrasonic pretreatment at 500W and 40K Hz for 8 minutes had a 82.39% improvement in lutein content as compared to the corn sprouts (comparative example 1) without the ultrasonic pretreatment. Wherein the corn sprouts treated for 8 minutes with the ultrasound of example 9, i.e. at 500W,40K Hz, had the highest total amount of carotenoids and lutein content. It can be seen that the increase in the treatment power of the ultrasonic treatment helps to accumulate the carotenoid content and lutein content of the corn sprouts.
4. The enhancement of ultrasonic frequency in examples 4, 10, 11 is effective in increasing the total carotenoid content and lutein content of corn sprouts as compared to the condition of comparative example 1 without ultrasonic pretreatment. The total amount of carotenoids in the maize sprouts (example 4) obtained by the ultrasonic pretreatment at 100W at 40K Hz for 8 min was 38.82% higher than in the maize sprouts (comparative example 1) without the ultrasonic pretreatment. Corn sprouts (example 4) with an ultrasonic pretreatment of 100W at 40K Hz had a 40.16% increase in lutein content as compared to corn sprouts (comparative example) without an ultrasonic pretreatment. Wherein the corn sprouts treated for 8 minutes with the ultrasound of example 4, i.e. at 100W,40K Hz, had the highest total amount of carotenoids and lutein content. It can be seen that the increase in the frequency of the sonication helps to accumulate the total amount of carotenoids and lutein content of the corn sprouts.
5. In conclusion, the culture method for carrying out ultrasonic pretreatment on the corn sprouts is beneficial to accumulating carotenoids and lutein in the corn sprouts, and proper extension of ultrasonic treatment time and enhancement of ultrasonic power have obvious gain effects on improving total carotenoid content and lutein content of the corn sprouts, so that the nutritional quality and economic value of the corn sprouts can be effectively improved.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoid and lutein in corn sprouts is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting corn seeds, soaking the corn seeds in sterile water at room temperature;
(2) Washing with sterile water after soaking with ethanol solution, and then performing wet ultrasonic treatment in the sterile water, wherein the power of the wet ultrasonic treatment is 100-500W, the frequency of the wet ultrasonic treatment is 20-40 kHz, and the time of the wet ultrasonic treatment is 2-10 minutes;
(3) Sowing corn seeds into vermiculite, applying water every day, and culturing until the corn seeds are in a three-leaf period to obtain corn sprout vegetables.
2. The method for ultrasonically enhancing the accumulation of carotenoids and xanthophylls in corn sprouts of claim 1, wherein said corn kernels of step (1) are required to be in a fresh, full, intact, mildew-free, pest-free state.
3. The method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoids and lutein in corn sprouts of claim 1, wherein the seed soaking treatment in the step (1) is carried out for 6-8 hours.
4. The method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoids and lutein in corn sprouts of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 70% -75% by volume.
5. The method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoids and lutein in corn sprouts of claim 1, wherein the time of soaking in the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 1-2 minutes.
6. The method for ultrasonically enhancing accumulation of carotenoids and lutein in corn sprouts of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the wet ultrasonic treatment in step (2) is 20-25 ℃.
7. The method for ultrasonically improving accumulation of carotenoids and lutein in corn sprouts of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the temperature of the cultivation in the step (3) is 26-28 ℃; and (3) culturing for 7-9 days.
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