CN114296292A - Logic gate based on single-ring embedded resonant cavity optical system - Google Patents
Logic gate based on single-ring embedded resonant cavity optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a logic gate of an optical system based on a single-ring mosaic resonant cavity, wherein one path of a signal output by a signal generator is sent to a voltage tuning port of a tunable laser, and the other path of the signal is sent to a data acquisition and processing system. Light output by the tunable laser is transmitted into the single-ring embedded resonant cavity through the attenuator and the polarization controller. Two direct current voltage sources generate two voltage signals with different magnitudes, the coupling coefficient of a corresponding coupler is controlled through a stress optical modulator bonded in one arm of an interferometer forming the coupler in a single-ring embedded resonant cavity, an optical logic gate is formed, and AND, NOT, NAND, OR, NOR logic operation is realized. And the output converts the optical signal into an electric signal through a photoelectric detector, and a data acquisition and processing system is used for recording the calculation result of the logic gate. The invention has the advantages of small volume, high integration level, low loss, low power consumption and electromagnetic interference resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a logic gate based on a single-ring embedded resonant cavity optical system, which can perform basic logic operation on an electric pulse signal input into a system and belongs to the technical field of photoelectric integrated circuits.
Background
Since the twenty-first century, we have entered the comprehensive information age. In the age of rapid development of information, people have increasingly high requirements on reliability and effectiveness of information processing. At present, an integrated electronic circuit is utilized to process data, and the integration level is difficult to continue to be improved according to Moore's law due to the limitation of quantum tunneling effect, so that the electronic information processing rate is limited by physical characteristics, the contradiction between the electronic information processing rate and the high-rate requirement of information transmission gradually appears, and the optical communication is concerned by people due to the self obvious advantages. Compared with an electronic circuit, the optical computing network runs at the speed of light, and has the advantages of small delay of devices, high computing efficiency, electromagnetic interference resistance, low transmission loss, low power consumption and the like, so that photon computing related devices are developed rapidly. In the transition from electrical logic processing to optical information processing, the most fundamental logical operations in photonic computing systems rely primarily on logic gate implementations, depending on the various optoelectronic devices. The current mode of changing the state of the optical logic gate is generally to use a thermo-optic modulator to perform phase modulation, and use an electrical signal to realize the temperature change of the heater. In the actual operation process, the power consumption of the thermo-optical modulator is high, and in addition, because the adjacent heaters can cause thermal crosstalk, certain requirements are also made on the distance between the adjacent waveguides, which is not beneficial to the improvement of the integration level. The logic gate based on the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system can execute basic logic operations including AND, NOT, NAND, OR and NOR operations, and adopts a stress regulation and control mode (namely, a stress optical modulator) for changing the state of the logic gate, so that the power consumption of the system can be reduced; meanwhile, a logic gate is constructed by adopting a single-ring embedded resonant cavity, the integration level is higher than that of a double-ring logic gate structure, and a logic operation result is output from a specific port in an optical mode. In addition, the structure can be prepared by a micro-nano processing technology, has the advantages of compatibility with a CMOS technology, small size, low energy consumption and the like, and is beneficial to improving the performance of a photonic device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a logic gate based on a single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system. Has the advantages of small volume, high integration level, low loss, low power consumption, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like.
The logic gate based on the single-ring embedded resonant cavity optical system comprises a signal generator, a tunable laser, an attenuator, a polarization controller, a single-ring embedded resonant cavity, a first direct-current voltage source, a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a second direct-current voltage source, a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition and processing system. The single-ring mosaic resonant cavity is composed of a first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, a second 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, a third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, a fourth 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, a first stress optical modulator, a second stress optical modulator, a third stress optical modulator and a fourth stress optical modulator, wherein the 2 multiplied by 2 couplers are connected by a waveguide to form the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity. The basic structure of the four 2 multiplied by 2 couplers is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a layer of PZT controlled by voltage is attached to one arm of the interferometer to serve as a stress optical modulator, and the PZT is deformed by applying a voltage signal, so that the arm length of the arm is changed, the phase of light in a light path where the arm is positioned is modulated, and the coupling coefficient of the corresponding coupler is controlled. The coupling coefficients of the first 2 x 2 coupler, the second 2 x 2 coupler, the third 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler are respectively controlled by the first stress light modulator, the second stress light modulator, the third stress light modulator and the fourth stress light modulator.
The signal generator outputs two paths of signals, one path of signals is sent to a voltage tuning port of the tunable laser and used for scanning the wavelength of the laser, and the other path of signals is sent to the data acquisition and processing system. Two paths of voltage signals to be operated are respectively input at the positions of two voltage sources, and one path of voltage signal to be operated outputs a voltage signal which can be accepted by a logic operation system through a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit and is sent to a first stress light modulator and a third stress light modulator; and the other path of voltage signal to be operated outputs a voltage signal which is acceptable by the logic operation system through a second adjustable conversion circuit and is sent to a second stress optical modulator and a fourth stress optical modulator. And setting the voltage value to be calculated to be low level when the voltage value is lower than 1.35V and high level when the voltage value is higher than 2V. The first adjustable voltage conversion circuit and the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit can firstly detect the level of a voltage signal in a digital system and convert the level into a corresponding voltage signal value, the corresponding voltage values converted by different conversion circuits are different, the conversion coefficient of the adjustable voltage conversion circuits is variable, and the adjustment is carried out according to the input high level and low level and the type of a logic gate.
Preferably, the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes a 'not' logic function, when a signal passes through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a low level is input to convert the signal into a voltage of 2.7V, and when a high level is input to convert the signal into a voltage of 13.0V; when the signal passes through the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, the signal is converted into 14.8V voltage when the low level is input, is converted into 14.8V voltage when the high level is input, and is sent to the corresponding optical modulator, and the coupling coefficient r is respectively transmitted by the low-level voltage signal and the high-level voltage signal1Regulating to 0.1 and 0.9, and regulating the coupling coefficient r2The control was 0.96.
Preferably, the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes an AND logic function, when a signal passes through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a low level is input to convert the signal into a 2.7V voltage, and when a high level is input to convert the signal into a 13.0V voltage; when the signal passes through the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, the signal is converted into 2.7V voltage when the low level is input, is converted into 14.8V voltage when the high level is input, and is sent to the corresponding optical modulator, and the coupling coefficient r is respectively transmitted by the low-level voltage signal and the high-level voltage signal1Regulating to 0.1 and 0.9, and regulating the coupling coefficient r2The control was 0.1 and 0.96.
Preferably, the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes a NAND logic function, when a signal passes through the first conversion circuit, a low level is input to convert the signal into a voltage of 13.0V, and when a high level is input to convert the signal into a voltage of 8.3V; when the signal passes through the second conversion circuit, the signal is converted into 4.6V voltage when the low level is input, and is converted into 11.1V voltage when the high level is input, and then the voltage is sent to the corresponding optical modulator, and the low level voltage and the high level voltageSignal to coupling coefficient r1Regulating to 0.9 and 0.6, and regulating the coupling coefficient r2The control was 0.2 and 0.8.
The logic gate of the single-ring embedded resonant cavity optical system realizes an OR logic function, when a signal passes through the first conversion circuit, a low level is input to convert the signal into 8.3V voltage, and when a high level is input to convert the signal into 13.0V voltage; when the signal passes through the second conversion circuit, the signal is converted into 11.1V voltage when the low level is input, is converted into 4.6V voltage when the high level is input, and is sent to the corresponding optical modulator, and the coupling coefficient r is respectively transmitted by the low-level voltage signal and the high-level voltage signal1Regulating to 0.6 and 0.9, and regulating the coupling coefficient r2The control was 0.8 and 0.2.
Preferably, the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes a nor logic function, when a signal passes through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a low level is input to convert the signal into a 13V voltage, and when a high level is input to convert the signal into a 2.7V voltage; when the signal passes through the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, the signal is converted into 14.8V voltage when the low level is input, is converted into 2.7V voltage when the high level is input, and is sent to the corresponding optical modulator, and the coupling coefficient r is respectively transmitted by the low-level voltage signal and the high-level voltage signal1Regulating to 0.9 and 0.1, and regulating the coupling coefficient r2The control was 0.96 and 0.1.
Preferably, light output by the tunable laser is transmitted into the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity through an attenuator and a polarization controller via an input end of a first 2 × 2 coupler, passes through a second 2 × 2 coupler, a third 2 × 2 coupler and a fourth 2 × 2 coupler in the cavity, and is subjected to multiple cycles in the cavity, processes of a not logic gate, an or logic gate and a nand logic gate are transmitted to a receiving end of the photodetector from an output end of the first 2 × 2 coupler, processes of the and logic gate and the nor logic gate are transmitted to the receiving end of the photodetector from an output end of the fourth 2 × 2 coupler, and a signal output by the photodetector is transmitted to a data acquisition and processing system to display a calculation result. The first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, the second 2 multiplied by 2 coupler and the fourth 2 multiplied by 2 coupler in the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity are interconnected to form an inner ring, the first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, the second 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, the third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler and the fourth 2 multiplied by 2 coupler are connected to form an outer ring, and the length of the outer ring is larger than that of the inner ring.
Preferably, the tunable laser comprises an optical isolator, and the communication waveband is selected by adjusting the output wavelength of the optical isolator, so that data transmission is facilitated.
Preferably, the circumference ratio of the inner ring to the outer ring of the resonant cavity is 1: 2, a silicon waveguide is selected, and the cross-sectional area of the silicon waveguide ensures low-loss transmission and coupling of light in the silicon waveguide.
Preferably, the 2 × 2 coupler is implemented by a mach-zehnder interferometer, and the coupling coefficient thereof can be adjusted by adjusting the phase of the interferometer. In specific implementation, a voltage is applied to the electrode on the stress optical modulator to cause the PZT in the stress optical modulator to deform so as to change the phase of one arm of the interferometer, and finally, the light intensity proportion of two output ports of the interferometer changes, so that the 2 x 2 coupler with the adjustable coupling coefficient is obtained.
Preferably, the coupling coefficients of the first 2 × 2 coupler and the third 2 × 2 coupler in the logic gate are consistent, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler are consistent. The voltage signals of the stress optical modulators of the respective first 2 x 2 coupler and third 2 x 2 coupler are identical, and the voltage signals of the stress optical modulators of the second 2 x 2 coupler and fourth 2 x 2 coupler are identical.
Preferably, setting the light transmission rate to be lower than 15% corresponds to logic 0, and setting the light transmission rate to be higher than 60% corresponds to logic 1; before the voltage signal to be operated is input, the voltage signal is converted by a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit and a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the converted voltage value is calculated based on the parameters that a bottom electrode in the stress light modulator is a titanium layer with the thickness of 10nm and a platinum layer with the thickness of 100nm, PZT is 2 mu m, a top electrode is a platinum layer with the thickness of 100nm, the width of the top electrode is 5 mu m, and the length of the stress light modulator is 14 mu m.
Preferably, the receiving waveband of the photoelectric detector is matched with the waveband of the output of the laser.
Preferably, the polarization state of the polarization controller is such that the optical quality factor of the optical mode is highest.
Preferably, the attenuator is kept unchanged when the system performs logic operation, and the optical power is below the saturation power range of the detector when the system operates.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a logic gate based on a single ring mosaic resonator optical system.
FIG. 2 is a single ring damascene resonator structure including a stress optical modulator.
Fig. 3 is a truth table of and logic operation.
Fig. 4 is a truth table of non-logical operations.
Fig. 5 is a truth table of the nand logic operation.
Fig. 6 is an operation truth table of the or logic.
Fig. 7 is a truth table for nor logic operation.
Detailed Description
The essential features and the remarkable advantages of the present invention will be further clarified by the following embodiments, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the logic gate based on the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system according to this embodiment includes a signal generator 1, a tunable laser 2, an attenuator 3, a polarization controller 4, a single-ring mosaic resonant cavity 5, a first dc voltage source 6, a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, a second dc voltage source 8, a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit 9, a photodetector 10, and a data acquisition and processing system 11. As shown in fig. 2, the single ring mosaic resonant cavity 5 is composed of a first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1, a second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2, a third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3, a fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4, a first stress optical modulator 5-5, a second stress optical modulator 5-6, a third stress optical modulator 5-7 and a fourth stress optical modulator 5-8.
The signal generator 1 outputs two paths of signals, one path of signals is sent to a voltage tuning port of the tunable laser 2 and used for scanning the wavelength of the laser, and the other path of signals is sent to the data acquisition and processing system 11. One path of voltage signals to be operated are input at the position of a first direct current voltage source 6, and voltage signals acceptable by a logic operation system are output through a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7 and are sent to a first stress optical modulator 5-5 and a third stress optical modulator 5-7; the other path of voltage signal to be operated outputs a voltage signal which can be accepted by a logic operation system through a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit 9 and is sent to a second stress optical modulator 5-6 and a fourth stress optical modulator 5-8. The conversion circuit can firstly detect the level of the voltage signal in the digital system and convert the level into the corresponding voltage signal value, and the corresponding voltage value converted by different conversion circuits is different. Light output by the tunable laser 2 is transmitted into a single-ring mosaic resonant cavity 5 through an attenuator 3 and a polarization controller 4 via an input end of a first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1, passes through a second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2, a third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 and a fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 in the cavity, and is subjected to multiple cycles in the cavity, processes of a 'not' logic gate, an 'or' logic gate and a 'not' logic gate are transmitted to a receiving end of the photoelectric detector 10 from an output end of the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1, processes of the 'and' logic gate and the 'not' logic gate are transmitted to a receiving end of the photoelectric detector 10 from an output end of the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4, and a signal output by the photoelectric detector 10 is transmitted to a data acquisition and processing system 11 to display a calculation result. The first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-1, the second 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-4 in the single ring mosaic type resonant cavity 5 are interconnected to form an inner ring, the first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-1, the second 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-2, the third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-3 and the fourth 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 5-4 are connected to form an outer ring, and the length of the outer ring is larger than that of the inner ring. The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity in the logic gate based on the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system is shown in fig. 2 and comprises an annular waveguide, a U-shaped waveguide nested outside the annular waveguide and two straight waveguides, light emitted by a tunable laser 2 is sent to a first 2 x 2 coupler 5-1 through an attenuator 3 and a polarization controller 4, and the coupling coefficient of the coupler formed by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is regulated and controlled by applying a voltage signal to a stress optical modulator. Two 50 are used here: Mach-Zehnder interferometer constructed with a 50 beam splitter to construct a 2 x 2 coupler for couplingThe coupling coefficient is controlled, a stress optical modulator (composed of a bottom electrode, PZT and a top electrode) is bonded on one arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the bottom electrode comprises a titanium bonding layer with the thickness of 10nm and a platinum layer with the thickness of 100nm, the PZT is 2 mu m, the top electrode is the platinum layer with the thickness of 100nm, the width of the top electrode is 5 mu m, and the length of the stress optical modulator is 14 mu m. The application of a voltage signal to the stress light modulator can change the phase of light in one arm of the interferometer so as to change the output intensity of the light, and finally the regulation and control of the coupling coefficient of the 2 multiplied by 2 coupler are realized. In addition, the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 share a variable voltage signal V in the system1All coupling coefficients are r1(ii) a The second 2 x 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler 5-4 share a variable voltage signal V2The coupling coefficient is r2And the input electric signal is converted into an output optical signal after being operated.
By calculation, it can be known that:
when the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the AND logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source 6 generates low level, the signal is converted into 2.7V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 x 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 x 2 coupler 5-3 are10.1, when the first DC voltage source 6 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a voltage of 13.0V by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 are set to be equal to1Becomes 0.9; when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a low level, the signal is converted into a 2.7V voltage by the second adjustable voltage converting circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r20.1, when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a 14.8V voltage by the second adjustable voltage converting circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r2Is 0.96.
When the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the 'not' logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source 6 generates a low level, a signal is converted into a 2.7V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7 is used for converting the voltage into the first 2.7V voltageCoupling coefficient r of the 2 x 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 x 2 coupler 5-310.1, when the first DC voltage source 6 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a voltage of 13.0V by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 are set to be equal to1Becomes 0.9; when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a low level or a high level, the signal is converted into a 14.8V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r2Is 0.96.
When the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the NAND logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source 6 generates low level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 x 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 x 2 coupler 5-3 are10.9, when the first DC voltage source 6 generates a high level, the signal is converted into 8.3V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 are set1Becomes 0.6; when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a low level, the signal is converted into a 4.6V voltage by the second adjustable voltage converting circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r20.2, when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a high level, the signal is converted into 11.1V voltage by the second adjustable voltage converting circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r2Is 0.8.
When the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the logical function of 'OR', when the first direct-current voltage source 6 generates low level, the signal is converted into 8.3V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 x 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 x 2 coupler 5-3 are10.6, when the first DC voltage source 6 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a voltage of 13.0V by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 are set to be equal to1Becomes 0.9; when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a low level, the signal is converted by the second adjustable voltageThe circuit 9 converts it to a voltage of 11.1V, the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler 5-4 being r20.8, when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a voltage of 4.6V by the second adjustable voltage converting circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r2Is 0.2.
When the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the NOR logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source 6 generates low level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 x 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 x 2 coupler 5-310.9, when the first DC voltage source 6 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a 2.7V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 × 2 coupler 5-1 and the third 2 × 2 coupler 5-3 are set to be equal to1Becomes 0.1; when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a low level, the signal is converted into a 14.8V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r20.96, when the second DC voltage source 8 generates a high level, the signal is converted into a 2.7V voltage by the second adjustable voltage converting circuit 9, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 × 2 coupler 5-2 and the fourth 2 × 2 coupler 5-4 are r2Is 0.1.
The transmission light field of the logic gate of the optical system of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity can be calculated by a transmission matrix theory, different coupling coefficient combinations are generated by inputting different voltage values to the strain gauge, so that light intensity outputs with different transmission intensities are obtained, and the transmission intensities of the light intensities correspond to logic 0 and logic 1 (the light transmittance is set to be lower than 15% and correspond to logic 0, and the light transmittance is set to be higher than 60% and correspond to logic 1). In the logical operation, the signals applied to the four 2 × 2 couplers are signals to be operated, and the output result is light transmission intensity (or a photodetector voltage value). Therefore, the system finally realizes the optical logic gate with variable voltage input signals, and can realize the logic operation of an AND gate, a NOT gate, a NAND gate, an OR gate and a NOR gate.
In order to realize optical and logical operation, two variable voltage signals are used for adjusting and initializing the coupling coefficient of the 2 multiplied by 2 coupler respectively, and different input states correspond to different output states.
The first state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.1，r20.1; the normalized light transmittance is about 1.07 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
and a second state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.1，r20.96; the normalized light transmittance is about 9.52 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
and a third state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.1; the normalized light transmittance is about 0.20% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
and a fourth state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.96; the normalized light transmittance is about 60.29% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
in order to realize the optical non-logic operation, a fixed voltage signal and a variable voltage signal are used for respectively adjusting and initializing the coupling coefficient of the 2 multiplied by 2 coupler, and different input states correspond to different output states.
The first state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.1，r20.96; the normalized light transmittance is about 79.15% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a second state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.96; the normalized light transmittance is about 0.91% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
in order to implement the optical nand logic operation, two variable voltage signals are used to adjust and initialize the coupling coefficients of the 2 × 2 coupler, respectively, with different input states corresponding to different output states.
The first state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.2; the normalized light transmittance is about 96.93 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a second state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.8; the normalized light transmittance is about 66.63% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a third state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.6，r20.2; the normalized light transmittance is about 70.43 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a fourth state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.6，r20.8; the normalized light transmittance is about 6.18 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
in order to realize optical or logical operation, two variable voltage signals are used to adjust and initialize the coupling coefficient of the 2 × 2 coupler, respectively, and different input states correspond to different output states.
The first state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.6，r20.8; the normalized light transmittance is about 6.18 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
and a second state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.6，r20.2; the normalized light transmittance is about 70.43 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a third state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.8; the normalized light transmittance is about 66.63% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a fourth state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.2; the normalized light transmittance is about 96.93 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
in order to implement optical nor logic operations, two variable voltage signals are used to adjust and initialize the coupling coefficients of the 2 × 2 coupler, respectively, with different input states corresponding to different output states.
The first state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.96; the normalized light transmittance is about 60.29% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 1;
and a second state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.9，r20.1; the normalized light transmittance is about 0.20% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
and a third state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.1，r20.96; the normalized light transmittance is about 9.52 percent according to the calculation of a transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
and a fourth state: coupling coefficients are r1＝0.1，r20.1; the normalized light transmittance is about 1.08% calculated according to the transmission matrix theory, and the output result can be taken as 0;
in addition to the exemplary voltage states given above, other voltage states may be selected to change the coupling coefficient of the coupler, and as long as the corresponding coupling coefficient can correspond to the state of the corresponding logic function after the operation, we can determine that it can complete the corresponding logic operation. In actual system testing, the light transmittance for a logic 0 may be lower and the light transmittance for a logic 1 may be higher.
According to the calculation equation and the state, an optoelectronic logic gate can be designed, and the specific steps are as follows:
a signal generated by the signal generator 1 is input into the tunable laser 2, corresponding laser generated by the tunable laser 2 enters a system through coupling, one path of voltage signal to be calculated is output by the first direct-current voltage source 6, and a corresponding voltage signal to be calculated is output through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7 and is sent to the first stress optical modulator 5-5 and the third stress optical modulator 5-7; the other path of voltage signal to be operated is output by a second direct current voltage source 8, and a corresponding voltage signal to be operated is output by a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit 9 and is sent to a second direct current voltage sourceThe two stress optical modulators 5-6 and the fourth stress optical modulator 5-8 control the change of the coupling coefficient by controlling the PZT deformation in the stress optical modulators. Wherein, the voltage signal with high level or low level to be calculated is input at the position of the first DC voltage source 6 and is set as input X, the voltage signal is sent to the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit 7, the level is firstly detected, then voltage conversion is carried out, the voltage signal is converted into an operable voltage signal and is sent to the first stress optical modulator 5-5 and the third stress optical modulator 5-7 of the coupling system for controlling the coupling coefficient r of the couplers1. Inputting a high-level or low-level voltage signal to be calculated at the position of a second direct-current voltage source 8 to be set as an input Y, sending the voltage signal into a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit 9, converting the voltage signal into an operable voltage signal, sending the voltage signal to a second stress optical modulator 5-6 and a fourth stress optical modulator 5-8 of the coupling system, and controlling the coupling coefficient r of a resonator of the stress optical modulator2And forming an optical logic gate.
The input signal X is input at the position of the first dc voltage source 6, and when the level is low, it is recorded as X being 0, and when the level is high, it is recorded as X being 1; the input signal Y is input at the position of the second dc voltage source 8, and is represented as Y being 0 when the level is low and 1 when the level is high. When implementing an and logic operation, the output can be converted to a "low level" (low transmittance) of the optical signal when X ═ 0Y ═ 0, X ═ 1Y ═ 0, and X ═ 0Y ═ 1. When X is 1 and Y is 1, the output can be converted into a "high level" (high transmittance) of the optical signal; when implementing a non-logical operation, the output can convert it to a "low level" (low transmittance) of the optical signal when X ═ 1Y ═ 1. When X ═ 0Y ═ 1, the output can convert it to a "high level" (high transmittance) of the optical signal; when implementing nand logic, the output can be converted to a "high level" (high transmittance) of optical signals when X is 0Y — 0, X is 1Y — 0, and X is 0Y — 1. When X is 1 and Y is 1, the output can convert it to a "low level" (low transmittance) of the optical signal; when implementing or logical operation, when X ═ 0Y ═ 1, X ═ 1Y ═ 0, and X ═ 1Y ═ 1, the output can be converted into "high level" (high transmittance) of optical signal. When X is 0 and Y is 0, the output can convert it to a "low level" (low transmittance) of the optical signal; when implementing nor logic operation, the output can be converted into "low level" (low transmittance) of optical signal when X-0Y-1, X-1Y-0, and X-1Y-1. When X is 0 and Y is 0, the output can convert it to a "high level" (high transmittance) of the optical signal. The voltage value was calculated based on the parameters that the bottom electrode in the stress light modulator was a 10nm thick titanium layer and a 100nm thick platinum layer, the PZT was 2 μm thick, the top electrode was a 100nm thick platinum layer, the top electrode width was 5 μm, and the stress light modulator length was 14 μm. If the parameters are changed, the corresponding voltage value can be calculated according to the relation between the strain caused by the voltage and the corresponding phase change. The level of the voltage signal to be calculated defined herein may be different from the actual input voltage, and the level value of the input voltage (lower level than 1.35V and higher level than 2V) may be detected first, and whether the signal is high level or low level is determined, and then the signal is converted into the corresponding level of the voltage signal to be calculated by the adjustable voltage converting circuit.
The output logic 1 or 0 can be judged by the transmitted light intensity, and the calculation result of the logic gate is actually recorded by using a data acquisition and processing system.
Claims (10)
1. Logic gate based on single ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system, its characterized in that: a system for constructing a logic gate comprising: the system comprises a signal generator, a tunable laser, an attenuator, a polarization controller, a single-ring embedded resonant cavity, a first direct-current voltage source, a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a second direct-current voltage source, a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition and processing system;
the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity comprises: a first 2 x 2 coupler, a second 2 x 2 coupler, a third 2 x 2 coupler, a fourth 2 x 2 coupler, and a first stress light modulator, a second stress light modulator, a third stress light modulator, a fourth stress light modulator;
the signal generator outputs two paths of signals, one path of signals is sent to a voltage tuning port of the tunable laser and is used for scanning the wavelength of the laser, and the other path of signals is sent to the data acquisition and processing system; one path of voltage signals to be operated are input at the position of a first direct current voltage source, and voltage signals acceptable by a logic operation system are output through a first adjustable voltage conversion circuit and are sent to a first stress optical modulator and a third stress optical modulator; the other path of voltage signal to be operated outputs a voltage signal acceptable by the logic operation system through a second adjustable voltage conversion circuit and is sent to a second stress optical modulator and a fourth stress optical modulator;
the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit and the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit firstly detect the level of a voltage signal in a digital system, convert the level into a corresponding voltage signal value and adjust the voltage signal value according to the input high and low level and the type of a logic gate; light output by the tunable laser is transmitted into the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity through the input end of the first 2 x 2 coupler by the attenuator and the polarization controller, passes through the second 2 x 2 coupler, the third 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler in the cavity, and is circulated for many times in the cavity, processes of realizing a non-logic gate, an OR logic gate and a NAND logic gate are transmitted to the receiving end of the photoelectric detector 10 from the output end of the first 2 x 2 coupler, processes of realizing an AND logic gate and a NOR logic gate are transmitted to the receiving end of the photoelectric detector from the output end of the fourth 2 x 2 coupler, and signals output by the photoelectric detector are transmitted into the data acquisition and processing system to display a calculation result.
2. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate according to claim 1, wherein when the logic gate of the single ring mosaic resonator optical system implements an and logic function, when the first dc voltage source generates a low level, the signal is converted into a 2.7V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 x 2 coupler and the third 2 x 2 coupler are the same10.1, when the first DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2X 2 coupler and the third 2X 2 coupler1Becomes 0.9; when the second DC voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 2.7V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2The coupling coefficient of the x 2 coupler is r20.1, when the second DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 14.8V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r2Is 0.96.
3. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: when the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the non-logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 2.7V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler and the third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler10.1, when the first DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2X 2 coupler and the third 2X 2 coupler1Becomes 0.9; when the second direct current voltage source generates low level or high level, the signals are converted into 14.8V voltage through the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r2Is 0.96.
4. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: when the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the NAND logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler and the third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler10.9, when the first DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 8.3V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient r of the first 2X 2 coupler and the third 2X 2 coupler1Becomes 0.6; when the second DC voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 4.6V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r20.2, when the second DC voltage source generates a high level, the signal passes through the second adjustable resistorThe voltage conversion circuit converts the voltage into 11.1V voltage, and the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r2Is 0.8.
5. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: when the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes an OR logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source generates a low level, a signal is converted into 8.3V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler and the third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler10.6, when the first DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2X 2 coupler and the third 2X 2 coupler1Becomes 0.9; when the second DC voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 11.1V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the second voltage is 2
The coupling coefficient of the x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r20.8, when the second DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 4.6V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r2Is 0.2.
6. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: when the logic gate of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity optical system realizes the NOR logic function, when the first direct-current voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 13.0V voltage through the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients r of the first 2 multiplied by 2 coupler and the third 2 multiplied by 2 coupler10.9, when the first DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 2.7V voltage by the first adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient r of the first 2X 2 coupler and the third 2X 2 coupler1Becomes 0.1; when the second DC voltage source generates low level, the signal is converted into 14.8V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2X 2 coupler and the fourth 2X 2 couplerIs r20.96, when the second DC voltage source generates high level, the signal is converted into 2.7V voltage by the second adjustable voltage conversion circuit, and the coupling coefficient of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler is r2Is 0.1.
7. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: setting the light transmittance to be lower than 15% and corresponding to logic 0, and setting the light transmittance to be higher than 60% and corresponding to logic 1; before the voltage signal to be operated is input, the voltage signal is passed through a conversion circuit module, and said module can implement level detection and voltage conversion. The conversion circuit is capable of detecting the level of the voltage signal to be calculated and converting the level into a corresponding voltage signal value, and the conversion coefficient of the voltage conversion circuit is variable and is adjusted according to the input high and low level and the type of the logic gate. The converted voltage value was calculated based on the parameters that the bottom electrode in the stress light modulator was a 10nm thick titanium layer and a 100nm thick platinum layer, the PZT was 2 μm thick, the top electrode was a 100nm thick platinum layer, the top electrode width was 5 μm, and the stress light modulator length was 14 μm.
8. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: the circumference ratio of an inner ring to an outer ring in an optical system of the single-ring mosaic resonant cavity is 1: 2, a silicon waveguide is selected, and the cross-sectional area of the silicon waveguide is 400nm multiplied by 300nm and is more than or equal to the minimum area value of transmission and coupling of light with low loss in the silicon waveguide; the 2 × 2 coupler includes: the waveguide comprises an annular waveguide, a U-shaped waveguide nested outside the annular waveguide and two straight waveguides;
the coupler selects a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the coupling coefficient of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is adjusted by adjusting the phase of the interferometer; the coupling coefficients of the first 2 x 2 coupler and the third 2 x 2 coupler are kept consistent, and the coupling coefficients of the second 2 x 2 coupler and the fourth 2 x 2 coupler are kept consistent; the voltage signals of the stress optical modulators of the respective first 2 x 2 coupler and third 2 x 2 coupler are identical, and the voltage signals of the stress optical modulators of the second 2 x 2 coupler and fourth 2 x 2 coupler are identical.
9. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: the tunable laser incorporates an optical isolator.
10. The single ring mosaic resonator optical system-based logic gate of claim 1, wherein: the attenuator is continuously adjustable, the attenuator is kept unchanged when the system performs logic operation, the optical power is below the saturation power range of the detector when the system operates, and the power consumption of the whole system is the lowest.
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