CN114295900A - Method and system for measuring shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding door - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding door Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility measurement, in particular to a method and a system for measuring shielding efficiency of an electromagnetic shielding door. Installing a shielding door to be tested on a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielding room; under the shielding door open state, the transmitting device is arranged outside the test accompanying shielding chamber, the receiving device is arranged in the test accompanying shielding chamber, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is ensured to be the designated distance L, and the amplitude A of the signal received by the receiving device is controlled1As a reference measurement; keeping the transmitting power of the transmitting device unchanged and the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device unchanged, closing the shielding door, and enabling the receiving device to receive the amplitude A of the signal2As a mask measurement; repeating the above process to complete all the measurement frequency points A1、A2Testing; based on the formula
And calculating the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door at each measuring frequency point. According to the design value SE of the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door to be testedd0Allowable signal level measurement error deltadBMeasuring the shielding effectiveness SE in the door-open state of the accompanying test shielding roomropenBased on formula SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdBObtaining the shielding effectiveness requirement SE that the accompanying shielding room should meetr。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility measurement, in particular to a method and a system for measuring shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding door.
Background
The electromagnetic strong radiation source with new system represented by electromagnetic pulse and high power microwave weapon and the natural strong electromagnetic radiation source such as thunder and lightning with instantaneous large current discharge as main characteristic can cause large-scale electromagnetic interference and even electromagnetic damage to the weapon equipment of surface naval vessels, and form a great threat to the operational capability of the surface naval vessels. The electromagnetic shielding chamber can isolate electromagnetic interference, protect carrier-borne sensitive electronic and electrical equipment from working normally, and is widely applied to modern surface ships.
The shielding door is used as an important component of the electromagnetic shielding chamber, and the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door directly affects the shielding effectiveness of the whole shielding chamber, so design and manufacture manufacturers of the shielding door pay attention to the shielding characteristics of the shielding door, and usually perform multi-round testing and optimization before the shielding door leaves a factory to ensure that the shielding performance of the shielding door meets requirements.
According to different test objects, various levels of standard standards for testing shielding effectiveness exist in China at present, including GB/T12190-2021 ' method for testing shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding chambers ', GJB3039-1997 ' method for testing shielding cabin requirements and shielding effectiveness of ships ' for shielding bodies ', GJB6785-2009 ' method for testing shielding effectiveness of square cabins of military electronic equipment ', GJB5240-2004 ' method for testing shielding effectiveness of universal chassis cabinets of military electronic equipment ' and GJB5792-2006 ' method for grading and measuring electromagnetic shielding bodies of military secret information systems '; GB/T30142-2013, GB/T25471-2010, GJB6190-2008, electromagnetic shielding material shielding effectiveness measuring methods and the like aiming at the shielding effectiveness measuring method of the planar electromagnetic shielding material of the shielding material, GJB 5185 and 2003, small shield body shielding effectiveness measuring methods and the like aiming at the special structure.
The shield door is different from shields such as a shield room and a cabinet, and the shield door does not form a closed region for measurement, so that the measurement method and standard for the shields are not directly suitable for the shield door. The method mainly comprises a flange coaxial device method and a shielding chamber method aiming at the measurement method and the standard of the shielding material, wherein the flange coaxial device method is suitable for electromagnetic shielding fabrics, electromagnetic shielding glass, electromagnetic shielding films and other thin materials (the thickness of the material is less than 1% of the conductive wavelength of the material), and the shielding door does not meet the condition; the shielding chamber method limits the testing window to be a square with a specified size and is suitable for measuring the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding material under the specified size, the shape of the shielding door is mostly non-square, and the shielding door as a whole should be tested for the shielding effectiveness of the whole structure rather than the local structure.
At present, no test method is specified aiming at the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding door in China, so that the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door is difficult to test and judge reasonably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for measuring the shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding door, aiming at the existing application requirements and method defects, so as to obtain the shielding effectiveness data of the electromagnetic shielding door, and provide a method for calculating the critical shielding effectiveness of a shielding room in an accompanying test, thereby providing a method basis for the correct test and reasonable judgment of the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding door, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
installing a shielding door to be tested on a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielding room, and ensuring good conductive connection between the shielding door and the accompanying and testing shielding room;
under the state that the shielding door is opened, the transmitting device is arranged outside the accompanying test shielding chamber, the receiving device is arranged in the accompanying test shielding chamber, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is the designated distance L, and the amplitude A of the signal received by the receiving device is1As a reference measurement;
keeping the transmitting power of the transmitting device unchanged and the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device unchanged, closing the shielding door, and enabling the receiving device to receive the amplitude A of the signal2As a mask measurement;
repeating the above process to complete all the measurement frequency points A1、A2Testing;
based on the formula
And calculating the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door at each measuring frequency point, wherein a is a constant.
Preferably, the accompanying shielding chamber needs to meet SEr≥SEr0Wherein, SErTo assist in testing the shielding effectiveness of the shielding chamber, SEr0The shielding effectiveness threshold of the shielding chamber is determined.
Preferably, the shielding effectiveness critical value SE of the test-accompanying shielding chamberr0Calculated by the following formula:
SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdB；
wherein SEropenFor accompanying the shielding effectiveness in the open state of the shielding chamber, SEd0For the design value of the shielding effectiveness, K, of the shielding door to be testeddBThe error related quantities are tested for signal level.
Preferably, the shielding effectiveness SE is obtained when the accompanying shielding chamber is in the open stateropenCalculated by the following formula:
the transmitting device and the receiving device are placed outside a test-accompanying shielding chamber, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is kept to be the designated distance L, and a reference measurement value A measured by the receiving device0。
Preferably, K isdBCalculated by the following formula:
KdB＝-a·lgk；
wherein, DeltadBThe error is measured for the signal level that is tolerable.
The scheme also provides a system for measuring the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding door, which comprises a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielding room, a transmitting device, a receiving device and a first operation module;
the test accompanying shielding room is used for assembling a shielding door to be tested;
the transmitting device comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a radiation antenna, and the receiving device comprises a receiving antenna and a measuring receiver (or a frequency spectrograph).
The transmitting device and the receiving device are used for placing the transmitting device outside the accompanying test shielding room in the opening state of the shielding door, the receiving device is placed in the accompanying test shielding room, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is ensured to be the designated distance L, and the reference measurement value A is obtained through the receiving device1And keeping the transmitting power of the transmitting device and the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device constant, closing the shielding door, and obtaining a shielding measured value A through the receiving device2；
A first operation module for receiving the reference measurement value A1And masking the measured value A2Data and based on formulas
Calculating the shielding effectiveness SE of the shielding doordWherein a is a constant.
Preferably, the system further comprises a second operation module, wherein the second operation module is used for operating according to a formula SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdBCalculating the shielding effectiveness critical value of the shielding chamber under test, and according to SEr≥SEr0Shielding effectiveness SE of output test-accompanying shielding chamberrThe accompanying test shielding chamber is used for shielding the SE according to the shielding effectivenessrAnd (5) carrying out the manufacturing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is characterized in that a test method for determining a reference measurement value of shielding effectiveness of the shielding door is derived by utilizing a limit condition that the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door is 0 when the shielding door is made of air, and the shielding effectiveness of the independent shielding door is obtained by subtracting the shielding effectiveness of the shielding chamber under two states of closing the door and opening the door.
2. In order to guarantee the accuracy of the measuring result, the scheme limits the shielding effectiveness of the shielding chamber in the accompanying test, and reduces the influence of the leakage of the shielding chamber on the measurement of the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a reference measurement A of a conventional shielded room0A test schematic of (a);
FIG. 2 shows a measured value A of the shielding of a conventional shielded room2A test schematic of (a);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shield door and a structural model of a shielding chamber for accompanying test;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding door according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the reference measurement A of the present invention1A schematic diagram of the arrangement of (1);
FIG. 6 is a test mask measurement A of the present invention2Schematic diagram of the arrangement of (1).
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
The method and the system for testing the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door are provided on the basis of the method and the system for testing the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding room specified by the current test standards, such as GB/T12190-2021 method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding room, GJB5792-2006 method for grading and measuring electromagnetic shielding bodies of military classified information systems and the like, so that the method and the system for testing the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door are firstly briefly introduced, and then the specific implementation mode of the scheme is introduced. According to the above criteria, the test procedure is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 1, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna are placed outside a shielded room and kept at a predetermined distance L, and a received signal A is detected by a detecting device0As a reference measurement;
as shown in fig. 2, will send outThe transmitting antenna is arranged outside the shielding chamber, the receiving antenna is arranged in the shielding chamber, the distance L between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is kept unchanged, and the amplitude A of the received signal is measured2；
A is to be0、A2Substituting the formula (1) to obtain the shielding effectiveness SE of the shielding chamber
In the formula, A0、A2According to different application fields, the magnetic field intensity, the electric field intensity, the voltage, the power and other physical quantities can be adopted, a is a constant, when A is0、A2When representing magnetic field intensity, electric field intensity and voltage, a is 20, when A is0、A2When power is represented, a takes a value of 10.
This scheme is installed shield door and is carried out the measurement on accompanying and trying on the shielding room. To obtain the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door, the measurement method of the reference measurement value in formula (1) needs to be corrected. Facilitating and shielding the chamber from reference measurements A0Distinguishing, and recording the reference measurement value of the shield door as A1。
Considering a limit situation, namely the shielding door is made of air, and the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door should be equal to 0, according to (1)
Namely, it is
A1＝A2 (3)
The shielding door is made of air corresponding to the door opening state of the accompanying shielding chamber, and formula (3) shows that the reference measurement value A of the shielding door1Equal to the shielding measured value A when the shielding chamber is opened2，A1The measuring method comprises the following steps: when the shielding room is opened, the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is L, and the amplitude of the signal received by the receiving antenna is L. This is compared with the reference measurement A of the shielded room in (1)0The physical meaning and test method of (a) are different.
Further, from (1) can be obtained
In the formula, SEdIn order to provide shielding effectiveness for the shielding door,
showing the shielding effectiveness in the door-closed state of the shielding chamber,
the shielding effectiveness in the state of opening the door of the shielding chamber is shown. The formula (4) shows that the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door is equal to the difference value of the shielding effectiveness in the door closing state and the door opening state of the shielding chamber under the accompanying test.
Compared with the shielding effectiveness test method of the shielding door specified in GB/T12190-2021 "method for measuring shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding room", the main difference is that the method for measuring shielding effectiveness of the shielding door is different from the method for measuring reference measurement value, and the method for measuring shielding effectiveness of the shielding door is the same. Other test configurations and parameters, such as the form of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, the distance L between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, the test frequency, etc., are consistent with the specification of GB/T12190-2021 method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding chambers, and the specific information can be referred to the standard.
In the above-mentioned A1In the determination process, an implicit premise is that the shielding effectiveness of the test-accompanying shielding room is high enough (ideally infinite), so that the influence caused by electromagnetic leakage of the test-accompanying shielding room is small enough to ensure the accuracy of the measurement of the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door. The reality is that the shielding effectiveness of the screening chamber under test is always limited, so it is necessary to determine: in order to meet the shielding effectiveness test requirement of the shielding door, the shielding effectiveness of the shielding chamber is accompanied and tested to meet what kind of requirement. Masking measurement A2The method comprises the contribution generated by the leakage of the shield door to be tested and the contribution generated by the leakage of the accompanying test shield room, wherein the contribution generated by the leakage of the shield door only is marked as A21The contribution due to the leakage from the screening laboratory alone is denoted A22Then in the case of non-correlation it can be derived
Note the book
And define ΔdBFor allowable signal level measurement error, i.e. A2Leakage A of shield door to be tested21Is given (in dB), then
In the formula, A2dB＝a·lgA2，A21dB＝a·lgA21。
Further obtain
Assuming that the design value of the shielding effectiveness of the shielding door to be tested is SEd0(in dB) due to
The shielding effectiveness threshold value SE of the shielding chamber is accompaniedr0Is composed of
In the formula
For accompanying the shielding effectiveness of the shielding room in the open state, KdB-a · lgk. Shielding effectiveness SE of test-accompanying shielding chamberrShould be greater than the critical value SEr0I.e. by
SEr≥SEr0 (10)
When A is0、A2When representing magnetic field intensity, electric field intensity and voltage, a takes 20 and deltadBTypical value data of K and corresponding KdBAs shown in table 1.
TABLE 1. DELTA.dB、k、KdBTypical value data (a 20)
| ΔdB | k | KdB |
| 0 | 0 | ∞ |
| 1 | 0.51 | 5.87 |
| 2 | 0.76 | 2.33 |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.02 |
When A is0、A2When power is expressed, a is 10, DeltadBTypical value data of K and corresponding KdBAs shown in table 2.
TABLE 2. DELTA.dB、k、KdBTypical value data (a 10)
| ΔdB | k | KdB |
| 0 | 0 | ∞ |
| 1 | 0.76 | 1.16 |
| 2 | 1.23 | -0.90 |
| 3 | 1.73 | -2.38 |
In summary, the design value SE of the shielding effectiveness of the shielding gate to be tested is knownd0Allowable signal level measurement error deltadBMeasuring the shielding effectiveness SE in the door-open state of the accompanying test shielding roomropenThe shielding effectiveness requirement SE which is required to be met by the shielding chamber under test can be obtained according to the formula (9) and the formula (10)r。
Example one
As shown in fig. 4, the method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding door of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, mounting a shielded door to be tested on a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielded room;
step 2, as shown in fig. 5, in the state that the shielding door is opened, the transmitting device is placed outside the test accompanying shielding room, the receiving device is placed in the test accompanying shielding room, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is ensured to be a designated distance L, and the amplitude a of the signal received by the receiving device is adjusted1As a reference measurement;
step 3, as shown in fig. 6, keeping the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device unchanged, closing the shielding door, and making the amplitude A of the signal received by the receiving device2As a mask measurement;
step 4, based on the formula
Calculating the shielding effectiveness SE of the shielding doordWherein a is a constant when A1、A2When representing magnetic field intensity, electric field intensity and voltage, a is 20, when A is1、A2When power is represented, a takes a value of 10.
Before step 1, a test accompanying shielding room is required to be manufactured according to the requirements set by the scheme. The specific requirements are as follows:
1. k is calculated by the following formuladB：
KdB＝-a·lgk；
2. By passing
Calculating the shielding effectiveness SE of the accompanied shielding room in the open stateropen；
3. Binding SEropen、KdBAccording to formula SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdBCalculating a shielding effectiveness critical value SE of the shielding chamber under testr0；
4. Setting a suitable SErValue of shielding effectiveness SE of the test-accompanying shielding chamberrSatisfy SEr≥SEr0。
Example two
The scheme also provides an electromagnetic shielding door shielding effectiveness measuring system which comprises a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielding room, a transmitting device, a receiving device and a first operation module.
The test accompanying shielding room is used for assembling a shielding door to be tested;
the transmitting device comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a radiation antenna, and the receiving device comprises a receiving antenna and a measuring receiver (or a frequency spectrograph).
The transmitting device and the receiving device are used for placing the transmitting device outside the accompanying test shielding room in the opening state of the shielding door, the receiving device is placed in the accompanying test shielding room, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is ensured to be the designated distance L, and the reference measurement value A is obtained through the receiving device1And keeping the transmitting power and the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device constant, closing the shielding door, and obtaining a shielding measured value A through the receiving device2；
A first operation module for receiving the reference measurement value A1And masking the measured value A2Data and based on formulas
Calculating the shielding effectiveness SE of the shielding doordWherein a is a constant.
Preferably, the system further comprises a second operation module, wherein the second operation module is used for operating according to a formula SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdBCalculating the shielding effectiveness critical value of the shielding chamber under test, and according to SEr≥SEr0Shielding effectiveness SE of output test-accompanying shielding chamberrThe accompanying test shielding chamber is used for shielding the SE according to the shielding effectivenessrAnd (5) carrying out the manufacturing.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding door is characterized by comprising
Installing a shielding door to be tested on a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielding room;
under the shielding door opening state, the transmitting device is arranged outside the test accompanying shielding chamber, the receiving device is arranged in the test accompanying shielding chamber, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is ensured to be the designated distance L, and the amplitude A of the signal received by the receiving device is controlled1As a reference measurement;
keeping the transmitting power of the transmitting device unchanged and the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device unchanged, closing the shielding door, and enabling the receiving device to receive the amplitude A of the signal2As a mask measurement;
based on the formula
Calculating the shielding effectiveness SE of the shielding doordWherein a is a constant.
2. The method for measuring shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding door according to claim 1, wherein: the test accompanying shielded room needs to satisfy SEr≥SEr0Wherein, SErTo assist in testing the shielding effectiveness of the shielding chamber, SEr0The shielding effectiveness threshold of the shielding chamber is determined.
3. The method for measuring shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding door according to claim 2, wherein the shielding effectiveness critical value SE of the shielding chamber under testr0Calculated by the following formula：
SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdB；
Wherein SEropenFor accompanying the shielding effectiveness in the open state of the shielding chamber, SEd0For the design value of the shielding effectiveness, K, of the shielding door to be testeddBThe error related quantities are tested for signal level.
4. The method for measuring shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding door according to claim 3, wherein the shielding effectiveness SE in the door-open state of the shielding chamber under testropenCalculated by the following formula:
the transmitting device and the receiving device are placed outside a test-accompanying shielding chamber, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is kept to be the designated distance L, and a reference measurement value A measured by the receiving device0。
5. The method of claim 3, wherein K is the number of KdBCalculated by the following formula:
KdB＝-a·lgk；
wherein, DeltadBThe error is measured for the signal level that is tolerable.
6. A shielding effectiveness measuring system of an electromagnetic shielding door is characterized by comprising a pre-manufactured accompanying and testing shielding room, a transmitting device, a receiving device and a first operation module;
the test accompanying shielding room is used for assembling a shielding door to be tested;
the transmitting device comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a radiation antenna, and the receiving device comprises a receiving antenna, a measuring receiver or a frequency spectrograph.
The transmitting device and the receiving device are used for placing the transmitting device outside the accompanying test shielding room in the opening state of the shielding door, the receiving device is placed in the accompanying test shielding room, the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device is ensured to be the designated distance L, and the reference measurement value A is obtained through the receiving device1And keeping the distance between the transmitting device and the receiving device constant, closing the shielding door, and obtaining a shielding measured value A through the receiving device2；
A first operation module for receiving the reference measurement value A1And masking the measured value A2Data and based on formulas
Calculating the shielding effectiveness SE of the shielding doordWherein a is a constant.
7. The electromagnetic shielded door shielding effectiveness measuring system of claim 6 further comprising a second computing module for calculating the formula SEr0＝SEropen+SEd0+KdBCalculating the shielding effectiveness critical value of the shielding chamber under test, and according to SEr≥SEr0Shielding effectiveness SE of output test-accompanying shielding chamberrThe accompanying test shielding chamber is used for shielding the SE according to the shielding effectivenessrAnd (5) carrying out the manufacturing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115656645A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-01-31 | 北京中超伟业信息安全技术股份有限公司 | System and method for improving shielding performance |
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