CN114293130A - Preparation method of iron-based coating, preparation method of workpiece and device - Google Patents
Preparation method of iron-based coating, preparation method of workpiece and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114293130A CN114293130A CN202110768616.3A CN202110768616A CN114293130A CN 114293130 A CN114293130 A CN 114293130A CN 202110768616 A CN202110768616 A CN 202110768616A CN 114293130 A CN114293130 A CN 114293130A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an iron-based coating, which comprises the following steps: under the action of a steady magnetic field, spraying a workpiece by using supersonic plasma by taking iron-based alloy powder as a raw material to obtain an iron-based coating; the magnetic field direction of the steady magnetic field is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying. According to the invention, a magnetic field parallel to the plasma spraying flame flow direction is introduced in the process of supersonic plasma spraying the iron-based coating, so that air holes of sprayed liquid drops are discharged without contact, the density of the obtained coating is improved, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating are improved. In addition, the method provided by the invention can be used for forming in one step, can obtain a coating with higher density without post-treatment, does not reduce the residual compressive stress of the coating, and greatly improves the service performance of the FeCrBSi coating. Experimental results show that the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the compactness of the iron-based coating, and can reduce the porosity of the coating to 2.66% by almost one time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a preparation method of an iron-based coating, a preparation method of a workpiece and a device.
Background
The iron-based high-hardness coating is widely applied to surface engineering due to good sliding resistance and wear resistance. The supersonic plasma spraying takes plasma arc as a heat source, the temperature of the heat source is high, the flying speed of molten drops is high, the performance of the obtained coating is good, the bonding strength of the coating and a substrate is high, and the coating is widely applied to the modification treatment of the surface of a workpiece. The FeCrBSi powder is mainly based on Fe, and boron and silicon elements are added to form eutectic with Fe, so that the melting point of the alloy is remarkably reduced, and chromium elements are added to form intermetallic compounds with the intermetallic compounds, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating are improved. However, the existence of a large amount of hard phase particles in the FeCrBSi coating can cause a variety of internal defects of the FeCrBSi coating in the supersonic plasma spraying process, including pores, microcracks and unmelted particles of the coating, which can cause the formed FeCrBSi coating to be not uniform and compact enough, and thus the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating are greatly reduced.
The prior art mainly discloses two strengthening modes of FeCrBSi coating density, one is from technological parameters influencing the quality of a plasma spraying coating, such as spraying power, hydrogen flow, powder feeding amount, particle size and the like, and the second is to perform re-melting post-treatment on the FeCrBSi coating sprayed by supersonic plasma, so that air holes in the coating are eliminated through the re-melting process, the porosity of the coating is reduced, and the density is improved. The two methods have good effects on improving the compactness of the coating, but the respective disadvantages are obvious, the first strengthening method has limited strengthening effect although the formed coating is not damaged at all, the optimal result still cannot meet the harsh working condition, and the second improving method can obviously reduce the porosity of the FeCrBSi coating and improve the compactness, but can release the residual compressive stress of the coating so as to reduce the wear resistance and the fatigue resistance of the coating.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an iron-based coating and a method for preparing a workpiece, wherein the method provided by the present invention can significantly improve the compactness of the iron-based coating without subsequent treatment.
The invention provides a preparation method of an iron-based coating, which comprises the following steps:
under the action of a steady magnetic field, spraying a workpiece by using supersonic plasma by taking iron-based alloy powder as a raw material to obtain an iron-based coating;
the magnetic field direction of the steady magnetic field is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying.
According to the invention, a magnetic field parallel to the plasma spraying flame flow direction is introduced in the process of supersonic plasma spraying the iron-based coating, so that air holes of sprayed liquid drops are discharged without contact, the density of the obtained coating is improved, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating are improved. Experimental results show that the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the compactness of the iron-based coating and can reduce the porosity of the coating to 2.66%.
In the invention, the steady magnetic field is a static magnetic field, and the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the direction of flame flow of supersonic plasma spraying and is vertical to the surface to be sprayed of a workpiece to be sprayed.
In one embodiment, the field strength of the steady magnetic field is 0.18 Tesla.
In one embodiment, the steady magnetic field is generated by a rubidium magnet, which may be generated by:
the device comprises a clamp, a workpiece to be sprayed can be placed on one side of the clamp, and a rubidium magnet group is arranged on the other side of the clamp;
the rubidium magnet group comprises a first rubidium magnet and a second rubidium magnet which are arranged on the clamp side by side, and a third rubidium magnet and a fourth rubidium magnet which are arranged on the first rubidium magnet and the second rubidium magnet side by side;
and the circulating cooling system is used for cooling the rubidium magnet group.
In one embodiment, the iron-based alloy is FeCrBSi, and its composition includes: 14.2% of Cr, 1.38% of B, 1.72% of Si, 0.1% of C and the balance of Fe; the particle size of the iron-based alloy powder is 400-450 meshes. It is preferable to use a FeCrBSi alloy having a uniform particle size of powder particles and a good spheroidization degree, and the average particle size of the powder is 60 μm.
In one embodiment, in the spraying, the spraying voltage is 110-115V, the spraying current is 400-405A, and H is2The flow rate is 17L/min, Ar2The flow rate is 100L/min, the powder feeding flow rate is 3.24g/min, and the spraying distance is 120-140 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation device of the iron-based coating, which comprises the following components:
a supersonic plasma spraying system for spraying iron-based coating on the workpiece;
the stable and constant magnetic field generating device is arranged at the position of a workpiece to be sprayed;
the direction of the steady magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field generating device is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying system.
The invention adopts the supersonic plasma spraying system to prepare the iron-based coating, the supersonic plasma spraying system is only a device purchased in the market, and the invention is not limited in particular.
In one embodiment, the steady magnetic field generating device includes:
the device comprises a clamp, a workpiece to be sprayed can be placed on one side of the clamp, and a rubidium magnet group is arranged on the other side of the clamp;
the rubidium magnet group comprises a first rubidium magnet and a second rubidium magnet which are arranged on the clamp side by side, and a third rubidium magnet and a fourth rubidium magnet which are arranged on the first rubidium magnet and the second rubidium magnet side by side;
and the circulating cooling system is used for cooling the rubidium magnet group.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the workpiece, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating a substrate to be sprayed, then spraying the substrate by adopting supersonic plasma under the action of a steady magnetic field and taking iron-based alloy powder as a raw material to obtain a workpiece;
the direction of the steady magnetic field is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying.
In one embodiment, the substrate to be sprayed may be a metal substrate such as 45 gauge steel.
In one embodiment, the pre-processing comprises: and carrying out sand blasting treatment on the matrix to be sprayed.
In one embodiment, the blasting treatment is specifically:
firstly, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a substrate, and then carrying out sand blasting pretreatment by adopting brown corundum sand, wherein the specific process parameters are as follows: the sand material is brown corundum, the granularity is 0.5mm-1.5mm, the air pressure is 0.70MPa, the sand blasting angle is 75 degrees, the sand blasting distance is 130-160 mm, and then ultrasonic cleaning is carried out again.
The invention provides a preparation device of a workpiece, which is characterized by comprising the following components:
the pretreatment device is used for pretreating a matrix to be sprayed;
the supersonic plasma spraying system is used for spraying the nickel-based coating on the pretreated substrate;
the stable and constant magnetic field generating device is arranged at the position of the matrix to be sprayed;
the direction of the steady magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field generating device is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying system.
In one embodiment, the pretreatment device may be a sand blasting device, and the present invention is not limited to the structure thereof.
The invention provides a preparation method of an iron-based coating, which comprises the following steps: under the action of a steady magnetic field, spraying a workpiece by using supersonic plasma by taking iron-based alloy powder as a raw material to obtain an iron-based coating; the magnetic field direction of the steady magnetic field is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying. According to the invention, a magnetic field parallel to the plasma spraying flame flow direction is introduced in the process of supersonic plasma spraying the iron-based coating, so that air holes of sprayed liquid drops are discharged without contact, the density of the obtained coating is improved, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating are improved. In addition, the method provided by the invention can be used for forming in one step, can obtain a coating with higher density without post-treatment, does not reduce the residual compressive stress of the coating, and greatly improves the service performance of the FeCrBSi coating. Experimental results show that the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the compactness of the iron-based coating, and can reduce the porosity of the coating to 2.66% by almost one time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing an iron-based coating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a steady magnetic field generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an exploded schematic view of a steady magnetic field generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the direction of the magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field generating device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic microstructure of a coating layer prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic microstructure of a coating prepared according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a TEM image of nanocrystals of a coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the band axis of a coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a bar graph of the porosity of coatings prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 10 is a porosity fit of coatings prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The preparation method provided by the invention is described in detail by combining the following examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an iron-based coating preparation apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where 1 is a supersonic plasma spraying system, 2 is a steady magnetic field generating device, 21 is a fixture capable of holding a workpiece to be sprayed, 22 is a workpiece to be sprayed, and 23 is a rubidium magnet group.
The invention takes iron-based alloy powder as a raw material, and adopts supersonic plasma to spray a workpiece under the action of a steady magnetic field to obtain the iron-based coating.
The supersonic plasma spraying system 1 may be a conventional spraying system in the field, such as HEPJet-II developed by the national defense science and technology focus laboratory equipped by army armored force institute, and mainly comprises six parts, i.e., a spray gun, a power supply, a master control cabinet, a switch cabinet, a heat exchanger, and a powder feeder, and a person skilled in the art can select parameters, such as voltage, current, flow rate, spraying distance, etc., according to actual conditions, and the invention has no special limitation.
The steady magnetic field generating device 2 comprises a clamp 21, one side of the clamp can be used for placing a workpiece 22 to be sprayed, and the other side of the clamp is provided with a rubidium magnet group 23;
the rubidium magnet group comprises a first rubidium magnet 231 and a second rubidium magnet 232 which are arranged on the clamp side by side, and a third rubidium magnet 233 and a fourth rubidium magnet 234 which are arranged on the first rubidium magnet 231 and the second rubidium magnet 232 side by side;
and a circulating cooling system (not shown in the figure) for cooling the rubidium magnet group.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a steady magnetic field generating device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural exploded diagram of the steady magnetic field generating device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, where 21 is a fixture, 22 is a workpiece to be sprayed, 231 is a first rubidium magnet, 232 is a second rubidium magnet, 233 is a third rubidium magnet, 234 is a fourth rubidium magnet, and 235 is a cover body.
One side of the clamp 21 is used for placing a workpiece to be sprayed, and the other side of the clamp is used for placing a rubidium magnet group. In this embodiment, the rubidium magnet group includes a first rubidium magnet 231 and a second rubidium magnet 232 arranged side by side on the jig 21, and a third rubidium magnet 233 and a fourth rubidium magnet 234 arranged side by side on the first rubidium magnet 231 and the second rubidium magnet 232, and the four rubidium magnets constitute the rubidium magnet group, so as to provide an external static magnetic field for a workpiece placed on the jig, and the magnetic field direction of the external static magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface to be sprayed of the workpiece, and is consistent with the direction of the flow of the spraying flame, thereby improving the compactness of the iron-based coating.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a direction of a magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field generating device according to the embodiment of the present invention, where 21 is a fixture, 22 is a workpiece to be sprayed, 23 is a rubidium magnet group, and 24 is a magnetic field direction, and the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to a surface to be sprayed of the workpiece and parallel to a flame flow direction.
Meanwhile, the circulating cooling system is used for cooling the rubidium magnet group 23, and the rubidium magnet group 23 is protected from being heated, so that the magnetic field intensity is guaranteed to be constant. In one embodiment, the circulating cooling system is a circulating air cooling system. In another embodiment, the hydronic cooling system is a hydronic cooling system.
The iron-based coating preparation equipment provided by the invention is used according to the following method:
fixing a workpiece to be sprayed on a clamp 21, and starting a supersonic speed plasma spraying device to spray iron-based alloy powder; in the spraying process, a circulating cooling system is started to cool the rubidium magnet group 23, so that the magnetic field intensity is ensured to be constant.
Example 2
The iron-based alloy was sprayed using the apparatus disclosed in example 1, with the following steps:
(1) preparing FeCrBSi powder, which comprises the following components: 14.2 percent of Cr, 1.38 percent of B, 1.72 percent of Si, 0.1 percent of C and the balance of Fe, and the granularity is 400 meshes. The powder particles have uniform granularity and good spheroidization degree, and the average particle size of the powder is 60 microns;
(2) a No. 45 steel workpiece is used as a substrate, the substrate is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning before spraying, and then brown corundum sand is adopted for sand blasting pretreatment, wherein the specific process parameters are as follows: the sand material is brown corundum, the granularity is 0.5mm-1.5mm, the air pressure is 0.70MPa, the sand blasting angle is 75 degrees, the sand blasting distance is 130-160 mm, and then, the ultrasonic cleaning is carried out again;
(3) the spraying equipment selects a supersonic plasma spraying system (HEBJet-II) to carry out related spraying tests, and the system is mainly developed by an army armored force institute equipment remanufacturing national defense science and technology key laboratory and mainly comprises six parts, namely a spray gun, a power supply, a master control cabinet, a switching cabinet, a heat exchanger, a powder feeder and the like. The parameters of the spraying process are spraying voltage 115V and spraying current 400A, H2Flow 17L/min, Ar2Flow 100L/min, powder feeding flow: 3.24g/min, and the spraying distance is 130 mm.
(4) Placing the pretreated substrate in a clamp 21, enabling the field intensity of four rubidium magnets on the substrate to be 0.18Tesla, enabling the direction of the magnetic field to be perpendicular to the surface to be sprayed of the substrate and to be parallel to supersonic plasma spraying flame flow, starting a supersonic plasma spraying system for spraying, carrying out water cooling on a rubidium magnet group 23 in the spraying process to ensure that the magnetic field intensity is constant, spraying for 12 times for about 3s each time to obtain a coating with the average thickness of about 400 mu m, and in the spraying process, after one spraying, resting for 5-10min for next spraying to avoid interference on a stable and constant magnetic field.
Comparative example 1
The coating was formed by spraying using the same raw materials and processes as in example 2, except that no external magnetic field was applied.
The metallographic microstructure analysis of the obtained coatings was performed, and the results were shown in fig. 5 and 6, respectively, fig. 5 being a metallographic microstructure diagram of the coating prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention, and fig. 6 being a metallographic microstructure diagram of the coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the coating prepared in example 2 has better compactness and smaller pores.
TEM tissue analysis was performed on the coating prepared in example 2, and the results are shown in fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 is a TEM image of nanocrystals of the coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a TEM image of the crystal band axis of the coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the coating prepared by the method provided by the invention has an obvious nanocrystalline structure, which is the reason that the density of the coating after magnetic field treatment is higher, and the coating can have more excellent performance in subsequent service performance.
The porosity measurements were performed on the coatings prepared in example 2 and comparative example 1. The porosity adopts a SUPRA55 type scanning electron microscope of Beijing institute of automation to observe the surface and section appearance of the powder and the coating; the porosity of the coating was measured by grey scale. The method comprises the following specific steps: and (3) carrying out gray scale statistics on the metallographic SEM morphology of the cross section of the coating, displaying the pores one by one due to the heavier ground color, then carrying out regional statistics on different gray colors by using image-pro software, and recording the heavier ground color part as the porosity of the coating. The porosity results for the coatings generated in both ways are shown in fig. 9, which is a bar graph of the porosity of the coatings prepared in example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 1. As can be seen from fig. 9, the porosity of the coating prepared in example 2 is significantly reduced.
The data in fig. 9 were fit, see fig. 10, and fig. 10 is a porosity fit for coatings prepared according to example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 1. As can be seen from fig. 10, the porosity of the coating prepared in example 2 is significantly reduced, and the average value of the porosity multi-group data of the FeCrBSi coating prepared in example 2 is 2.66%, compared to the average value of the porosity multi-group data of the FeCrBSi coating prepared in comparative example 1 is 4.38%. Obvious strengthening effect can be found, the porosity is obviously reduced, and the coating is more compact.
The porosity of the FeCrBSi coating belongs to the most focused key test content of the supersonic plasma spraying coating, the reduction of the porosity can improve the density of the FeCrBSi coating, so that the FeCrBSi coating can bear more damages in the subsequent service process, and the FeCrBSi coating has higher reliability and particularly has good application significance in wear-resisting, corrosion-resisting and fatigue-resisting tests of the FeCrBSi coating.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of preparing an iron-based coating, comprising:
under the action of a steady magnetic field, spraying a workpiece by using supersonic plasma by taking iron-based alloy powder as a raw material to obtain an iron-based coating;
the magnetic field direction of the steady magnetic field is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steady magnetic field has a field strength of 0.18 Tesla.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the iron-based alloy is FeCrBSi, comprising: 14.2% of Cr, 1.38% of B, 1.72% of Si, 0.1% of C and the balance of Fe; the particle size of the iron-based alloy powder is 400-450 meshes.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the spraying voltage is 110-115V, the spraying current is 400-405A, and H is2The flow rate is 17L/min, Ar2The flow rate is 100L/min, the powder feeding flow rate is 3.24g/min, and the spraying distance is 120-140 mm.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the constant magnetic field is generated by a rubidium magnet.
6. An apparatus for preparing an iron-based coating, comprising:
a supersonic plasma spraying system for spraying iron-based coating on the workpiece;
the stable and constant magnetic field generating device is arranged at the position of a workpiece to be sprayed;
the direction of the steady magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field generating device is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying system.
7. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the steady magnetic field generating device includes:
the device comprises a clamp, a workpiece to be sprayed can be placed on one side of the clamp, and a rubidium magnet group is arranged on the other side of the clamp;
the rubidium magnet group comprises a first rubidium magnet and a second rubidium magnet which are arranged on the clamp side by side, and a third rubidium magnet and a fourth rubidium magnet which are arranged on the first rubidium magnet and the second rubidium magnet side by side;
and the circulating cooling system is used for cooling the rubidium magnet group.
8. A method of preparing a workpiece, comprising:
pretreating a substrate to be sprayed, then spraying the substrate by adopting supersonic plasma under the action of a steady magnetic field and taking iron-based alloy powder as a raw material to obtain a workpiece;
the direction of the steady magnetic field is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying.
9. The production method according to claim 8, characterized in that the pretreatment comprises: and carrying out sand blasting treatment on the matrix to be sprayed.
10. An apparatus for preparing a workpiece, comprising:
the pretreatment device is used for pretreating a matrix to be sprayed;
the supersonic plasma spraying system is used for spraying the nickel-based coating on the pretreated substrate;
the stable and constant magnetic field generating device is arranged at the position of the matrix to be sprayed;
the direction of the steady magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field generating device is parallel to the flame flow direction of the supersonic speed plasma spraying system.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114959546A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of continuous transition coating with single-way powder feeding |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114959546A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of continuous transition coating with single-way powder feeding |
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