CN114293094A - 450 MPa-grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel and production method thereof - Google Patents
450 MPa-grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及钢铁生产技术领域,具体涉及一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。以所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的总质量为基准,其包含的化学成分的质量分数为:C:0.06~0.15%,Si:0.15~0.75%,Mn:1~1.7%,V:0.01~0.15%,Ti:0.01~0.15%,V、Ti的含量满足0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2<0.22。通过上述实施例和对比例可以看出,本发明中通过限定合金元素的合理匹配关系,合金元素的强化作用得到了有效提高,合金成本显著下降,材料综合性能得到了稳定提升。The invention relates to the technical field of iron and steel production, in particular to a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and a production method thereof. Based on the total mass of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel, the mass fractions of the chemical components contained in it are: C: 0.06-0.15%, Si: 0.15-0.75%, Mn: 1-1.7%, V: 0.01 to 0.15%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.15%, and the contents of V and Ti satisfy 0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 <0.22. From the above examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that by limiting the reasonable matching relationship of alloy elements in the present invention, the strengthening effect of alloy elements is effectively improved, the alloy cost is significantly reduced, and the overall performance of the material is stably improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及钢铁生产技术领域,具体涉及一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。The invention relates to the technical field of iron and steel production, in particular to a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and a production method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
货车中梁是铁路运输货车的主要关键构件,是车辆受力最大、最重要的部份,号称车辆的脊梁,其强度直接影响到车厢的结构性能。随着铁路提速减重要求的提出,对中梁的要求越来越高。乙字型钢是用来制作火车车厢中梁的专用特殊型钢。随着我国铁路提速重载的发展,对乙字型钢的性能有了更高的要求,在满足强度和低温冲击韧性同时,还具有较强的耐大气腐蚀能力。通常,乙字型钢以钒微合金化技术为主,通过钒的碳氮化物析出提高强度,同时添加Cu、Ni、Cr来提高钢材的耐候耐蚀性能。由于钒合金价格高导致其生产成本增加。通过使用成本更低的钛元素,合理优化设计合金成分和冶炼生产工艺,使钒、钛微合金元素的强化作用得到最大程度的发挥。钒钛复合微合金化乙字钢的开发和应用对促进钢铁行业的节能降耗和满足铁路运输高速重载跨越式发展的要求及实现铁路车辆的升级换代具有重要意义。The middle beam of the freight car is the main key component of the railway transportation freight car. It is the most stressed and most important part of the vehicle. It is called the backbone of the vehicle, and its strength directly affects the structural performance of the carriage. With the requirements of railway speed increase and weight reduction, the requirements for the middle beam are getting higher and higher. B-shaped steel is a special special steel used to make the middle beam of train cars. With the development of speed-up and heavy-duty railways in my country, there are higher requirements for the performance of B-shaped steel, which not only meets the strength and low temperature impact toughness, but also has strong atmospheric corrosion resistance. Generally, vanadium micro-alloying technology is the main method for B-shaped steel, which improves the strength through the precipitation of vanadium carbonitride, and at the same time adds Cu, Ni and Cr to improve the weathering and corrosion resistance of the steel. Due to the high price of vanadium alloy, its production cost has increased. By using lower-cost titanium elements, rationally optimizing the design of alloy components and smelting production processes, the strengthening effect of vanadium and titanium microalloying elements can be maximized. The development and application of vanadium-titanium composite microalloyed B-beam is of great significance to promoting energy saving and consumption reduction in the iron and steel industry, meeting the requirements of high-speed and heavy-duty leap-forward development of railway transportation, and realizing the upgrading of railway vehicles.
专利申请CN110846578A公开了一种具有低表面裂纹率的高强耐候热轧310乙字钢及其制备方法,通过据钢水成分特性,合理匹配拉速、过热度、结晶器水、二冷水、合理选用保护渣等技术工艺,实现钢材满足性能要求,其化学成分为:C:0.13~0.14%、Si:0.38%~0.43%、Mn:1.38%~1.40%、Cr:0.233~0.237%、Ni:0.284~0.298%、Cu:0.265%~0.316%、V:0.085~0.094%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.015%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。该乙字钢利用钒微合金化强化作用提高钢材强度,使生产成本增加。Patent application CN110846578A discloses a high-strength weathering hot-rolled 310 B-beam steel with low surface crack rate and a preparation method thereof. According to the composition characteristics of molten steel, reasonably matching drawing speed, superheat degree, mold water, secondary cold water, and reasonable selection of mold slag and other technical processes to achieve the steel to meet the performance requirements, its chemical composition is: C: 0.13 ~ 0.14%, Si: 0.38% ~ 0.43%, Mn: 1.38% ~ 1.40%, Cr: 0.233 ~ 0.237%, Ni: 0.284 ~ 0.298 %, Cu: 0.265% to 0.316%, V: 0.085 to 0.094%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. The B-shaped steel utilizes the vanadium microalloying strengthening effect to improve the strength of the steel and increase the production cost.
文献“姜德刚,智建国,刘振成.钒氮微合金化提高高强乙字钢的低温冲击韧性[J],包钢科技,2008,34(4):52-55.”介绍了YQ450NQRl高强耐候310乙字钢化学成分的设计采用V、N微合金化,有效地提高了乙字钢的低温冲击韧性。该乙字钢依靠单一钒微合金化强化作用提高强度与韧性,生产成本高。The document "Jiang Degang, Zhi Jianguo, Liu Zhencheng. Vanadium-nitrogen microalloying improves the low-temperature impact toughness of high-strength B-beam steel [J], Baotou Steel Technology, 2008, 34(4): 52-55." introduced YQ450NQRl high-strength weather-resistant 310 B-beam steel The design of chemical composition adopts V and N microalloying, which effectively improves the low temperature impact toughness of B-beam. The B-shaped steel relies on the strengthening effect of single vanadium microalloying to improve the strength and toughness, and the production cost is high.
从上述现有技术来看,传统乙字型钢的生产以采用钒微合金化为主,通过钒的碳氮化物析出强化作用提高钢材强度,同时通过添加Cu、Ni、Cr来提高钢材的耐候耐蚀性能。但是钒属于贵重金属资源,合金价格昂贵,导致乙字型钢的生产成本显著提高。From the above-mentioned prior art, the production of traditional B-shaped steel is mainly based on vanadium microalloying, which improves the strength of steel through the precipitation strengthening effect of vanadium carbonitride, and at the same time improves the weathering and corrosion resistance of steel by adding Cu, Ni and Cr. performance. However, vanadium is a precious metal resource, and the alloy is expensive, which leads to a significant increase in the production cost of B-shaped steel.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。本发明的技术方案对450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢合金成分和冶炼生产工艺进行科学合理的优化设计,限定了V、Ti含量的匹配关系,使微合金元素的强化作用得到最大程度的发挥,同时优化了钢中氧化物类型和分布,提高了钢材的综合服役性能。本发明克服了目前热轧乙字型钢的生产成分体系单一,即主要依靠钒微合金化手段,导致合金元素含量高、合金利用率低、贵重合金资源消耗量大的问题,通过V、Ti二元微合金化元素的合理匹配,提高了合金利用效率,节约合金资源,降低了生产成本;同时,通过对钢中氧化物的调控,克服了钛微合金化的不利影响,保证产品性能。Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and a production method thereof. The technical scheme of the invention carries out scientific and reasonable optimization design on the alloy composition and smelting production process of 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel, limits the matching relationship of V and Ti content, and maximizes the strengthening effect of microalloying elements. At the same time, the type and distribution of oxides in the steel are optimized, and the comprehensive service performance of the steel is improved. The invention overcomes the problems that the production component system of the hot-rolled B-shaped steel is single at present, that is, it mainly relies on the vanadium microalloying method, which leads to the problems of high alloy element content, low alloy utilization rate and large consumption of precious alloy resources. Reasonable matching of microalloying elements improves the utilization efficiency of alloys, saves alloy resources, and reduces production costs; at the same time, through the regulation of oxides in steel, the adverse effects of titanium microalloying are overcome and product performance is guaranteed.
为了实现上述目的,本发明一方面提供了一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢,以所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的总质量为基准,其包含的化学成分的质量分数为:C:0.06~0.15%,Si:0.15~0.75%,Mn:1~1.7%,P:0.003~0.02%,S:0.001~0.015%,Cu:0.1~0.7%,Ni:0.1~0.7%,Cr:0.1~1%,Mo:0.0001~0.02%,V:0.01~0.15%,Ti:0.01~0.15%,Al:0.001~0.05%,B:0.0001~0.002%,O:0.001~0.01%,N:0.001~0.03%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;In order to achieve the above purpose, one aspect of the present invention provides a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel, based on the total mass of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel, the quality of the chemical components contained in it The fractions are: C: 0.06-0.15%, Si: 0.15-0.75%, Mn: 1-1.7%, P: 0.003-0.02%, S: 0.001-0.015%, Cu: 0.1-0.7%, Ni: 0.1-0.7 %, Cr: 0.1-1%, Mo: 0.0001-0.02%, V: 0.01-0.15%, Ti: 0.01-0.15%, Al: 0.001-0.05%, B: 0.0001-0.002%, O: 0.001-0.01% , N: 0.001~0.03%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities;
其中,V、Ti的含量满足如下关系式:Among them, the content of V and Ti satisfies the following relationship:
0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2<0.22式(1)0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 <0.22 Formula (1)
式中,[]表示相应元素的质量分数,单位为%。In the formula, [ ] represents the mass fraction of the corresponding element, and the unit is %.
本发明第二方面提供了一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的生产方法,该方法包括以下步骤:A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel, the method comprising the following steps:
(1)炼钢(1) Steelmaking
将脱硫铁水和/或废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1600~1750℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.02~0.08%、P:0.003~0.02%、S:0.001~0.025%时,出钢;Smelting desulfurized molten iron and/or scrap steel into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1600-1750 ° C, and the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.02-0.08%, P: 0.003-0.02%, S: 0.001-0.025% by mass fraction, the steel;
在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入脱氧合金和造渣剂;In the process of tapping, add deoxidizing alloy and slag-forming agent to the ladle;
(2)精炼(2) Refining
钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;根据450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的成分要求,调整钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.06~0.15%,Si:0.15~0.75%,Mn:1~1.7%,P:0.003~0.02%,S:0.001~0.015%,Cu:0.1~0.7%,Ni:0.1~0.7%,Cr:0.1~1%,Mo:0.0001~0.02%,V:0.01~0.15%,Ti:0.01~0.15%,Al:0.001~0.05%,B:0.0001~0.002%,O:0.001~0.01%,N:0.001~0.03%,在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.01~0.15%,再根据如下式(1)调整Ti的含量,得到成分合格的钢水,The ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the refining process, electricity is sent to increase temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; according to the composition requirements of 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel, the composition of molten steel is adjusted to reach C: 0.06 by mass fraction ~0.15%, Si: 0.15~0.75%, Mn: 1~1.7%, P: 0.003~0.02%, S: 0.001~0.015%, Cu: 0.1~0.7%, Ni: 0.1~0.7%, Cr: 0.1~ 1%, Mo: 0.0001-0.02%, V: 0.01-0.15%, Ti: 0.01-0.15%, Al: 0.001-0.05%, B: 0.0001-0.002%, O: 0.001-0.01%, N: 0.001-0.03 %, in the process of adjusting the composition, first adjust the mass fraction of V to reach 0.01-0.15%, and then adjust the content of Ti according to the following formula (1) to obtain molten steel with qualified composition,
0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2<0.22式(1)0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 <0.22 Formula (1)
式中,[]表示相应元素的质量分数,单位为%;In the formula, [] represents the mass fraction of the corresponding element, and the unit is %;
(3)连铸(3) Continuous casting
将所述成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;The molten steel with qualified composition is sent to a rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain a continuous casting billet;
(4)轧制(4) Rolling
连铸坯直接送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制,或者连铸坯再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1100~1280℃,终轧温度750~950℃,得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢。The continuous casting billet is directly sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling, or the continuous casting billet is sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling after being heated again; B-shaped steel after hot rolling; B-shaped steel after hot rolling is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel.
本发明技术方案的原理和设计思想为:The principle and design idea of the technical solution of the present invention are:
耐候乙字型钢应用于铁路运输车辆的制造,对钢材产品性能质量具有较高要求。一方面,要求具有良好的综合力学性能,即足够高的强度和低温韧性;另一方面,具有优异的耐候性能,能够长期在大气腐蚀环境中服役。目前,乙字型钢的生产普遍采用钒微合金化手段,通过钒的碳氮化物析出强化作用提高钢材强度。在成分设计中,主要通过添加Cu、Ni、Cr来提高钢材的耐候耐蚀性能,并采用精炼手段降低非金属夹杂物对力学性能和耐候性能的不利影响。但是钒属于贵重金属资源,合金价格昂贵,导致乙字型钢的生产成本显著提高。并且随着钒含量的提高,单位含量的强化贡献率降低,即合金元素的利用率下降,造成了贵重合金元素的浪费。钛微合金化具有明显的成本优势,并且通过钛和钒的合理匹配能促进析出强化作用的发挥,提高合金元素的利用率。但由于钛的化学性质比钒更加活泼,在钢中有多种存在状态,其析出行为比钒更加复杂,所以在实际应用中存在较大困难。Weathering B-shaped steel is used in the manufacture of railway transportation vehicles, which has high requirements on the performance and quality of steel products. On the one hand, it is required to have good comprehensive mechanical properties, that is, sufficiently high strength and low temperature toughness; on the other hand, it has excellent weather resistance and can serve in atmospheric corrosive environments for a long time. At present, vanadium microalloying method is generally used in the production of B-shaped steel, and the strength of steel is improved by the precipitation strengthening effect of vanadium carbonitride. In the composition design, the weathering and corrosion resistance of steel is mainly improved by adding Cu, Ni and Cr, and the adverse effects of non-metallic inclusions on mechanical properties and weathering properties are reduced by refining means. However, vanadium is a precious metal resource, and the alloy is expensive, which leads to a significant increase in the production cost of B-shaped steel. And with the increase of vanadium content, the strengthening contribution rate per unit content decreases, that is, the utilization rate of alloying elements decreases, resulting in waste of precious alloying elements. Titanium microalloying has obvious cost advantages, and the reasonable matching of titanium and vanadium can promote the precipitation strengthening effect and improve the utilization rate of alloying elements. However, because the chemical properties of titanium are more active than that of vanadium, and there are many states of existence in steel, its precipitation behavior is more complicated than that of vanadium, so there are great difficulties in practical application.
本发明针对上述问题开展了大量理论和实验研究,确立了450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的有效成分设计方案和生产工艺。钒在钢中奥氏体中的溶解度大,析出行为简单,绝大部分在热轧之后的冷却相变过程析出,为了达到足够的析出强化效果,需大幅提高钒的添加量。而钛的析出温度高于钒,在高温轧制阶段的奥氏体中就开始大量析出。由于乙字型钢的轧制变形过程与板带钢、棒线材产品相比更加复杂,这使钛的析出行为更加复杂化。钛在变形过程、冷却过程析出量的分配不当将对产品性能产生不利影响。钒和钛的碳氮化物析出相具有相同的晶体结构类型,两者能够互溶形成复合析出物。本发明研究过程中发现,在合理的钒、钛含量匹配条件下,两者能够起到相互促进的作用,使析出过程更加稳定和均匀,发挥出更佳的析出强化效果。同时发现,在钒、钛含量匹配不当时,析出行为和强化效果反而受到削弱,不能达到预期目的,甚至钢材性能无法满足标准要求或者造成合金元素的浪费。本发明通过大量实验研究,优化出有效的钒、钛含量范围,并进行非线性回归,得到适合450MPa级乙字型钢性能要求和生产工艺的钒、钛含量的最佳匹配关系式。In the present invention, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out in view of the above problems, and the effective component design scheme and production process of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel have been established. The solubility of vanadium in austenite in steel is large, and the precipitation behavior is simple. Most of them are precipitated during the cooling transformation process after hot rolling. In order to achieve sufficient precipitation strengthening effect, it is necessary to greatly increase the amount of vanadium added. The precipitation temperature of titanium is higher than that of vanadium, and a large amount of precipitation begins in the austenite in the high-temperature rolling stage. Since the rolling deformation process of B-shaped steel is more complicated than that of strip, bar and wire products, this makes the precipitation behavior of titanium more complicated. Improper distribution of titanium precipitation during deformation and cooling will adversely affect product performance. The carbonitride precipitates of vanadium and titanium have the same crystal structure type, and the two can dissolve each other to form composite precipitates. In the research process of the present invention, it is found that under the reasonable matching conditions of vanadium and titanium content, the two can play a role of mutual promotion, so that the precipitation process is more stable and uniform, and a better precipitation strengthening effect is exerted. At the same time, it is found that when the vanadium and titanium contents are not matched properly, the precipitation behavior and strengthening effect are weakened, and the expected purpose cannot be achieved, and even the performance of the steel cannot meet the standard requirements or cause waste of alloying elements. The present invention optimizes the effective vanadium and titanium content ranges through a large number of experimental researches, and performs nonlinear regression to obtain the best matching relationship formula of vanadium and titanium content suitable for the performance requirements and production process of 450MPa grade B-shaped steel.
另一方面,钛与氧、氮有较高的亲和力,在钢材冶炼过程中易产生尺寸粗大的钛的氧、氮化物,除了导致降低钢材的力学性能外,还对耐候耐蚀性能产生不利影响。本发明针对这一问题,进一步对精炼工艺进行了改进,控制钢中氧化物的微细弥散分布,在保证钛元素有效发挥强化作用的同时,消除对综合性能的不利影响。在本发明的成分设计方案和冶炼生产工艺下,合金元素的强化作用得到有效提高,合金成本显著下降,材料综合性能稳定提升。On the other hand, titanium has a high affinity with oxygen and nitrogen, and it is easy to produce large-sized titanium oxide and nitride during the steel smelting process, which not only reduces the mechanical properties of the steel, but also has an adverse effect on the weathering and corrosion resistance. . Aiming at this problem, the present invention further improves the refining process, controls the fine dispersion distribution of oxides in the steel, and eliminates the adverse effects on the comprehensive performance while ensuring that the titanium element effectively plays a strengthening role. Under the composition design scheme and smelting production process of the present invention, the strengthening effect of alloy elements is effectively improved, the alloy cost is significantly reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the material is stably improved.
本发明的优点及有益效果是:The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明突破了现有乙字型钢生产技术以钒为主的微合金化手段,采用较廉价的钒钛复合微合金化方案,降低了合金成本,提高了经济效益,并有利于节约贵重合金资源。(1) The present invention breaks through the vanadium-based microalloying means of the existing B-shaped steel production technology, adopts a relatively cheap vanadium-titanium composite microalloying scheme, reduces the alloy cost, improves the economic benefit, and is conducive to saving valuable Alloy resources.
(2)本发明克服了钛在热轧乙字型钢中应用的困难,保证了强化效果的充分有效发挥,提高合金元素利用率,解决了钢铁行业长期以来的难题,有利于在行业内的推广应用。(2) The present invention overcomes the difficulty of applying titanium in hot-rolled B-shaped steel, ensures the full and effective exertion of the strengthening effect, improves the utilization rate of alloy elements, solves the long-standing problem in the iron and steel industry, and is conducive to popularization and application in the industry .
(3)本发明在合金成分和冶炼生产工艺方面协同改进,在降低合金成本的同时,力学性能、耐候耐蚀性能均得到改善,材料综合服役性能与常规工艺产品相比得到进一步提升。(3) The present invention is synergistically improved in terms of alloy composition and smelting production process, while reducing the cost of the alloy, the mechanical properties, weathering and corrosion resistance are improved, and the comprehensive service performance of the material is further improved compared with conventional process products.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
本发明提供了一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢,以所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的总质量为基准,其包含的化学成分的质量分数为:C:0.06~0.15%,Si:0.15~0.75%,Mn:1~1.7%,P:0.003~0.02%,S:0.001~0.015%,Cu:0.1~0.7%,Ni:0.1~0.7%,Cr:0.1~1%,Mo:0.0001~0.02%,V:0.01~0.15%,Ti:0.01~0.15%,Al:0.001~0.05%,B:0.0001~0.002%,O:0.001~0.01%,N:0.001~0.03%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;The invention provides a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel. Based on the total mass of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel, the mass fraction of the chemical components contained in it is: C: 0.06~ 0.15%, Si: 0.15-0.75%, Mn: 1-1.7%, P: 0.003-0.02%, S: 0.001-0.015%, Cu: 0.1-0.7%, Ni: 0.1-0.7%, Cr: 0.1-1 %, Mo: 0.0001-0.02%, V: 0.01-0.15%, Ti: 0.01-0.15%, Al: 0.001-0.05%, B: 0.0001-0.002%, O: 0.001-0.01%, N: 0.001-0.03% , the remainder is Fe and inevitable impurities;
其中,V、Ti的含量满足如下关系式:Among them, the content of V and Ti satisfies the following relationship:
0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2<0.22 式(1)0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 <0.22 Equation (1)
式中,[]表示相应元素的质量分数,单位为%。In the formula, [ ] represents the mass fraction of the corresponding element, and the unit is %.
在优选的实施方式中,乙字型钢中尺寸在0.25~5μm且包含Al、Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE中的两种或两种以上元素的氧化物颗粒的数量为200~2000个/mm2。In a preferred embodiment, the number of oxide particles in the B-shaped steel with a size of 0.25-5 μm and containing two or more elements of Al, Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, and RE is 200-2000/mm 2 .
进一步优选地,尺寸在0.25~5μm且包含Al、Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE中的两种或两种以上元素的氧化物颗粒中,按颗粒数量计,10~90%的所述氧化物颗粒中还包含氧化钛和/或氮化钛,整个颗粒中氧化钛和/或氮化钛的平均体积占比<50%,优选为5-30%,具体的例如可以为12%、15%、16%。Further preferably, in the oxide particles having a size of 0.25-5 μm and containing two or more elements of Al, Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, RE, 10-90% of the oxide particles, based on the number of particles, are oxidized The material particles also contain titanium oxide and/or titanium nitride, and the average volume ratio of titanium oxide and/or titanium nitride in the entire particle is <50%, preferably 5-30%, specifically, for example, 12%, 15% %, 16%.
更进一步优选地,乙字型钢中Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE元素的质量分数之和为0.001~0.01%,具体的例如可以为0.003%、0.004%、0.006%、0.01%。More preferably, the sum of the mass fractions of Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, and RE elements in the B-shaped steel is 0.001-0.01%, specifically, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.006%, and 0.01%.
本发明的450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢优选的性能为:屈服强度≥450MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV≥47J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率≤50%。The preferred properties of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel are: yield strength ≥450MPa, -40°C impact toughness AK V ≥47J, and corrosion resistance ≤50% relative to the Q345B standard sample.
本发明还提供了一种450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的生产方法,本发明采用钒钛复合微合金化来代替单一的钒微合金化,降低了乙字钢生产成本,并能够提高钢材综合性能。具体的,所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的生产方法包括以下步骤:The invention also provides a production method of 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium micro-alloying weather-resistant B-shaped steel. The invention adopts vanadium-titanium composite micro-alloying to replace single vanadium micro-alloying, which reduces the production cost of B-shaped steel and can improve the steel quality. comprehensive performance. Specifically, the production method of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel comprises the following steps:
(1)炼钢(1) Steelmaking
将脱硫铁水和/或废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1600~1750℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.02~0.08%、P:0.003~0.02%、S:0.001~0.025%时,出钢;Smelting desulfurized molten iron and/or scrap steel into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1600-1750 ° C, and the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.02-0.08%, P: 0.003-0.02%, S: 0.001-0.025% by mass fraction, the steel;
在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入脱氧合金和造渣剂;In the process of tapping, add deoxidizing alloy and slag-forming agent to the ladle;
(2)精炼(2) Refining
钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;根据450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢的成分要求,调整钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.06~0.15%,Si:0.15~0.75%,Mn:1~1.7%,P:0.003~0.02%,S:0.001~0.015%,Cu:0.1~0.7%,Ni:0.1~0.7%,Cr:0.1~1%,Mo:0.0001~0.02%,V:0.01~0.15%,Ti:0.01~0.15%,Al:0.001~0.05%,B:0.0001~0.002%,O:0.001~0.01%,N:0.001~0.03%,在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.01~0.15%,再根据如下式(1)调整Ti的含量,得到成分合格的钢水,The ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the refining process, electricity is sent to increase temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; according to the composition requirements of 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel, the composition of molten steel is adjusted to reach C: 0.06 by mass fraction ~0.15%, Si: 0.15~0.75%, Mn: 1~1.7%, P: 0.003~0.02%, S: 0.001~0.015%, Cu: 0.1~0.7%, Ni: 0.1~0.7%, Cr: 0.1~ 1%, Mo: 0.0001-0.02%, V: 0.01-0.15%, Ti: 0.01-0.15%, Al: 0.001-0.05%, B: 0.0001-0.002%, O: 0.001-0.01%, N: 0.001-0.03 %, in the process of adjusting the composition, first adjust the mass fraction of V to reach 0.01-0.15%, and then adjust the content of Ti according to the following formula (1) to obtain molten steel with qualified composition,
0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2<0.22 式(1)0.10<[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 <0.22 Equation (1)
式中,[]表示相应元素的质量分数,单位为%;In the formula, [] represents the mass fraction of the corresponding element, and the unit is %;
(3)连铸(3) Continuous casting
将所述成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;The molten steel with qualified composition is sent to a rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain a continuous casting billet;
(4)轧制(4) Rolling
连铸坯直接送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制,或者连铸坯再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1100~1280℃,终轧温度750~950℃,得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢。The continuous casting billet is directly sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling, or the continuous casting billet is sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling after being heated again; B-shaped steel after hot rolling; B-shaped steel after hot rolling is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel.
在本发明中,所述脱氧合金可以为硅、锰、铝、钙、钡以及炼钢常用脱氧剂中的至少一种。In the present invention, the deoxidizing alloy may be at least one of silicon, manganese, aluminum, calcium, barium and deoxidizers commonly used in steelmaking.
在本发明中,所述造渣剂可以为氧化钙、预熔渣以及炼钢常用造渣剂中的至少一种。In the present invention, the slag-forming agent may be at least one of calcium oxide, pre-melted slag and slag-forming agents commonly used in steelmaking.
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(1)中,出钢时钢水中Mo、B质量分数满足Mo:0.0001~0.02%、B:0.0001~0.002%。In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the mass fractions of Mo and B in molten steel during tapping satisfy Mo: 0.0001-0.02% and B: 0.0001-0.002%.
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(2)中,在钢水精炼过程中,钢包底吹氩气或氮气;In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), during the refining process of molten steel, the bottom of the ladle is blown with argon or nitrogen;
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(2)中,钢水还进行RH或VD精炼。In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the molten steel is further refined by RH or VD.
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(2)中,在钢水中氧质量分数达到0.001~0.01%时,加入含Al、Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE中的两种或两种以上元素的合金或包芯线。在本发明中,RE是指稀土元素,在具体的实施方式中,RE为稀土元素,包括Ce、La、Y。In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), when the oxygen mass fraction in molten steel reaches 0.001 to 0.01%, adding two or more elements containing Al, Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, RE Alloy or cored wire. In the present invention, RE refers to a rare earth element, and in a specific embodiment, RE is a rare earth element, including Ce, La, and Y.
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(3)中,钢水的连铸采用全保护浇铸,连铸过程采用电磁搅拌和/或连铸坯动态压下;In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the continuous casting of molten steel adopts full protection casting, and the continuous casting process adopts electromagnetic stirring and/or dynamic reduction of the continuous casting billet;
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(3)中,连铸坯进行堆垛缓冷。In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the continuous casting slab is slowly cooled by stacking.
在一种优选实施方式中,步骤(4)中,在轧机机架之间和/或终轧机出口之后对轧件进行加速冷却,冷却方式包括水冷和气雾冷却。In a preferred embodiment, in step (4), accelerated cooling is performed on the rolling stock between the rolling mill stands and/or after the exit of the finishing mill, and the cooling methods include water cooling and gas mist cooling.
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。以下实施例和对比例中,乙字型钢的屈服强度、冲击韧性、耐腐蚀性能根据标准YB/T 5182-2006测得。The present invention will be described in detail below by means of examples. In the following examples and comparative examples, the yield strength, impact toughness and corrosion resistance of the B-shaped steel were measured according to the standard YB/T 5182-2006.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例用于说明本发明所述的450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。This example is used to illustrate the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and its production method according to the present invention.
将脱硫铁水和废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1720℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.04%、P:0.008%、S:0.02%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入硅锰和氧化钙;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;LF精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.01%,再调整Ti的含量达到0.07%,满足关系式(1):[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.11;最后,得到成分合格的钢水;将成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;连铸坯再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1250℃,终轧温度900℃;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A1。The desulfurized molten iron and scrap steel are smelted into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1720 ° C and the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.04%, P: 0.008%, S: 0.02% according to the mass fraction, the steel is tapped; during the tapping process, the molten steel is sent to the ladle Silicon manganese and calcium oxide are added to the medium; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the LF refining process, electricity is sent to raise the temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; The content of Ti is adjusted to 0.07%, which satisfies the relational formula (1): [V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 =0.11; finally, the molten steel with qualified composition is obtained; the qualified molten steel is sent to the rectangular continuous casting machine, continuous casting is carried out to obtain continuous casting billets; the continuous casting billets are reheated and then sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling; the starting rolling temperature of the casting billet is 1250 °C, and the final rolling temperature is 900 °C; the hot-rolled B-shaped steel is obtained; The rolled B-shaped steel is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A1.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A1包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.1%,Si:0.15%,Mn:1.7%,P:0.008%,S:0.005%,Cu:0.4%,Ni:0.3%,Cr:0.4%,Mo:0.004%,V:0.01%,Ti:0.07%,Al:0.05%,B:0.0006%,O:0.004%,N:0.001%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.11。The chemical components contained in the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A1 are C: 0.1%, Si: 0.15%, Mn: 1.7%, P: 0.008%, S: 0.005%, Cu: 0.4% by mass fraction , Ni: 0.3%, Cr: 0.4%, Mo: 0.004%, V: 0.01%, Ti: 0.07%, Al: 0.05%, B: 0.0006%, O: 0.004%, N: 0.001%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.11.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A1的屈服强度为480MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为230J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率25%。The yield strength of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A1 is 480MPa, the -40°C impact toughness AK V is 230J, and the corrosion resistance is 25% higher than that of the Q345B standard sample.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例用于说明本发明所述的450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。This example is used to illustrate the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and its production method according to the present invention.
将脱硫铁水熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1690℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.02%、P:0.01%、S:0.015%、Mo:0.0001%、B:0.0001%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入硅锰和氧化钙;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;在钢水精炼过程中,钢包底吹氩气;在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.15%,再调整Ti的含量达到0.03%,满足关系式(1):[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.20;在钢水中氧质量分数达到0.01%时,加入含Al、Ca合金包芯线,钢中Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、Ce、La、Y元素的质量分数之和为0.003%,其中Mg、Zr、Ba、Ce、La、Y元素为钢水中残余元素;最后,得到成分合格的钢水;将成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;连铸坯直接送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1200℃,终轧温度850℃;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A2。The desulfurized molten iron is smelted into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1690 ° C, the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.02%, P: 0.01%, S: 0.015%, Mo: 0.0001%, B: 0.0001% by mass fraction, tapping; During the tapping process, silicon manganese and calcium oxide are added to the ladle; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the refining process, electricity is sent to increase the temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; in the molten steel refining process, argon is blown at the bottom of the ladle. In the process of adjusting the composition, first adjust the mass fraction of V to reach 0.15%, and then adjust the content of Ti to reach 0.03%, which satisfies the relational formula (1): [V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 =0.20; When the oxygen mass fraction in the molten steel reaches 0.01%, the alloy cored wire containing Al and Ca is added, and the sum of the mass fractions of Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, Ce, La, and Y elements in the steel is 0.003%, of which Mg, Zr , Ba, Ce, La and Y elements are residual elements in molten steel; finally, qualified molten steel is obtained; the qualified molten steel is sent to a rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain a continuous casting billet; the continuous casting billet is directly sent into B-shaped steel rolling unit rolling; casting billet rolling temperature of 1200 ° C, final rolling temperature of 850 ° C; obtained hot-rolled B-shaped steel; hot-rolled B-shaped steel cooled on a cooling bed to obtain 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather resistance B-shaped steel A2.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A2包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.06%,Si:0.36%,Mn:1.36%,P:0.016%,S:0.008%,Cu:0.2%,Ni:0.4%,Cr:0.1%,Mo:0.0001%,V:0.15%,Ti:0.03%,Al:0.02%,B:0.0001%,O:0.007%,N:0.004%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.20。The chemical composition contained in the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A2 is C: 0.06%, Si: 0.36%, Mn: 1.36%, P: 0.016%, S: 0.008%, Cu: 0.2% by mass fraction , Ni: 0.4%, Cr: 0.1%, Mo: 0.0001%, V: 0.15%, Ti: 0.03%, Al: 0.02%, B: 0.0001%, O: 0.007%, N: 0.004%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.20.
钢中尺寸在0.25~5μm且包含Al、Ca元素的氧化物颗粒的数量为1260个/mm2;按颗粒数量计,55%的上述氧化物颗粒中还包含氧化钛和氮化钛,整个颗粒中氧化钛和氮化钛的平均体积占比15%;钢中Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE元素的质量分数之和为0.003%。The number of oxide particles in the steel with a size of 0.25-5 μm and containing Al and Ca elements is 1260/mm 2 ; in terms of the number of particles, 55% of the above oxide particles also contain titanium oxide and titanium nitride, and the whole particle The average volume ratio of titanium oxide and titanium nitride in the steel is 15%; the sum of the mass fractions of Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, and RE elements in the steel is 0.003%.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A2的屈服强度为465MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为240J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率34%。The yield strength of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel A2 is 465MPa, the -40°C impact toughness AK V is 240J, and the corrosion resistance is 34% higher than that of the Q345B standard sample.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例用于说明本发明所述的450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。This example is used to illustrate the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and its production method according to the present invention.
将脱硫铁水熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1750℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.02%、P:0.003%、S:0.005%、Mo:0.01%、B:0.0005%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入铝脱氧和预熔渣;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,钢包底吹氮气,脱氧合金化;在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.12%,再调整Ti的含量达到0.01%,满足关系式(1):[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.138;钢水进行RH精炼;在钢水中氧质量分数达到0.001%时,加入含Mg、Zr合金;最后,得到成分合格的钢水;将成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行全保护浇铸,连铸过程采用电磁搅拌,得到连铸坯;连铸坯进行堆垛缓冷,再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1100℃,终轧温度750℃;在轧机机架之间对轧件进行水冷加速冷却;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A3。The desulfurized molten iron is smelted into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1750 ° C, the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.02%, P: 0.003%, S: 0.005%, Mo: 0.01%, B: 0.0005% by mass fraction, tapping; During the tapping process, aluminum deoxidation and pre-melting slag are added to the ladle; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the refining process, electricity is sent to raise the temperature, white slag is desulfurized, nitrogen is blown at the bottom of the ladle, and deoxidation alloying is performed; in the process of adjusting the composition , first adjust the mass fraction of V to reach 0.12%, and then adjust the content of Ti to reach 0.01%, which satisfies the relational formula (1): [V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 =0.138; RH refining the molten steel; When the oxygen mass fraction in the molten steel reaches 0.001%, the alloy containing Mg and Zr is added; finally, the molten steel with qualified composition is obtained; the qualified molten steel is sent to the rectangular continuous casting machine for full protection casting. The continuous casting process adopts electromagnetic stirring to obtain Continuous casting billet; Continuous casting billet is slowly cooled by stacking, and then heated again and sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling; the starting rolling temperature of the casting billet is 1100 °C, and the final rolling temperature is 750 °C; Water cooling accelerates cooling; hot-rolled B-shaped steel is obtained; the hot-rolled B-shaped steel is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A3.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A3包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.13%,Si:0.52%,Mn:1.56%,P:0.003%,S:0.001%,Cu:0.1%,Ni:0.7%,Cr:0.5%,Mo:0.01%,V:0.12%,Ti:0.01%,Al:0.015%,B:0.0005%,O:0.001%,N:0.025%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.138。The chemical composition contained in the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A3 is C: 0.13%, Si: 0.52%, Mn: 1.56%, P: 0.003%, S: 0.001%, Cu: 0.1% by mass fraction , Ni: 0.7%, Cr: 0.5%, Mo: 0.01%, V: 0.12%, Ti: 0.01%, Al: 0.015%, B: 0.0005%, O: 0.001%, N: 0.025%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.138.
钢中尺寸在0.25~5μm且包含Mg、Zr元素的氧化物颗粒的数量为860个/mm2;按颗粒数量计,74%的上述氧化物中还包含氧化钛和氮化钛,整个颗粒中氧化钛和氮化钛的平均体积占比16%;钢中Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE元素的质量分数之和为0.01%。The number of oxide particles in the steel ranging from 0.25 to 5 μm and containing Mg and Zr elements is 860/mm 2 ; in terms of the number of particles, 74% of the above oxides also contain titanium oxide and titanium nitride, and the whole particle The average volume of titanium oxide and titanium nitride accounts for 16%; the sum of the mass fractions of Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, and RE elements in the steel is 0.01%.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A3的屈服强度为475MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为180J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率12%。The yield strength of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A3 is 475MPa, the -40°C impact toughness AK V is 180J, and the corrosion resistance is 12% higher than that of the Q345B standard sample.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例用于说明本发明所述的450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。This example is used to illustrate the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and its production method according to the present invention.
将废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1690℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.04%、P:0.02%、S:0.025%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入硅钙钡和氧化钙;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.08%,再调整Ti的含量达到0.12%,满足关系式(1):[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.218;钢水进行VD精炼;在钢水中氧质量分数达到0.007%时,加入Al、Ca、Ba合金;最后,得到成分合格的钢水;将成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;连铸坯直接送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1100℃,终轧温度850℃;在终轧机出口之后对轧件进行水冷加速冷却;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A4。The scrap steel is smelted into molten steel; when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1690 ° C and the composition of the molten steel reaches C: 0.04%, P: 0.02%, S: 0.025% by mass fraction, the steel is tapped; during the tapping process, silicon is added to the ladle Calcium barium and calcium oxide; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the refining process, electricity is sent to increase temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; in the process of adjusting the composition, the mass fraction of V is first adjusted to 0.08%, and then the content of Ti is adjusted. The content reaches 0.12%, which satisfies the relational formula (1): [V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 =0.218; VD refining is carried out in molten steel; when the oxygen mass fraction in molten steel reaches 0.007%, Al, Ca, Ba alloy; finally, the molten steel with qualified composition is obtained; the molten steel with qualified composition is sent to the rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain the continuous casting billet; the continuous casting billet is directly sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling; the casting billet is rolled The temperature is 1100°C, and the final rolling temperature is 850°C; after the exit of the final rolling mill, the rolling stock is subjected to water-cooling accelerated cooling; the B-shaped steel after hot rolling is obtained; Weathering B-shaped steel A4.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A4包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.08%,Si:0.75%,Mn:1.0%,P:0.02%,S:0.012%,Cu:0.7%,Ni:0.1%,Cr:1.0%,Mo:0.008%,V:0.08%,Ti:0.12%,Al:0.008%,B:0.002%,O:0.003%,N:0.03%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.218。The chemical components contained in the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A4 are C: 0.08%, Si: 0.75%, Mn: 1.0%, P: 0.02%, S: 0.012%, Cu: 0.7% by mass fraction , Ni: 0.1%, Cr: 1.0%, Mo: 0.008%, V: 0.08%, Ti: 0.12%, Al: 0.008%, B: 0.002%, O: 0.003%, N: 0.03%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.218.
钢中尺寸在0.25~5μm且包含Al、Ca、Ba元素的氧化物颗粒的数量为540个/mm2;按颗粒数量计,76%的上述氧化物中还包含氧化钛和氮化钛,整个颗粒中氧化钛和氮化钛的平均体积占比15%;钢中Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE元素的质量分数之和为0.006%。The number of oxide particles in the steel with a size of 0.25 to 5 μm and containing elements of Al, Ca, and Ba is 540/mm 2 ; in terms of the number of particles, 76% of the above oxides also contain titanium oxide and titanium nitride. The average volume of titanium oxide and titanium nitride in the particles accounts for 15%; the sum of the mass fractions of Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, and RE elements in the steel is 0.006%.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A4的屈服强度为490MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为240J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率15%。The 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A4 has a yield strength of 490MPa, a -40°C impact toughness AK V of 240J, and a corrosion resistance of 15% relative to the Q345B standard sample.
实施例5Example 5
本实施例用于说明本发明所述的450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢及其生产方法。This example is used to illustrate the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel and its production method according to the present invention.
将脱硫铁水和废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1650℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.06%、P:0.012%、S:0.02%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入锶和萤石;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;在调整成分过程中,先调整V质量分数达到0.03%,再调整Ti的含量达到0.15%,满足关系式(1):[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.177;在钢水中氧质量分数达到0.01%时,加入含Ca、Ce合金包芯线;最后,得到成分合格的钢水;将成分合格的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;连铸坯再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1180℃,终轧温度920℃;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A5。The desulfurized molten iron and scrap steel are smelted into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1650 ° C and the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.06%, P: 0.012%, S: 0.02% according to the mass fraction, the steel is tapped; during the tapping process, the molten steel is sent to the ladle. Strontium and fluorite are added to the medium; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the refining process, electricity is sent to increase the temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; in the process of adjusting the composition, the mass fraction of V is first adjusted to 0.03%, and then the Ti is adjusted content reaches 0.15%, which satisfies relational formula (1): [V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti] 2 =0.177; when the oxygen mass fraction in molten steel reaches 0.01%, the alloy cored wire containing Ca and Ce is added Finally, get the molten steel with qualified composition; send the qualified molten steel to the rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain the continuous casting billet; after the continuous casting billet is heated again, it is sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling; the casting billet is rolled The temperature is 1180°C, and the final rolling temperature is 920°C; the hot-rolled B-shaped steel is obtained; the hot-rolled B-shaped steel is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain a 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weathering B-shaped steel A5.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A5包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.15%,Si:0.6%,Mn:1.25%,P:0.012%,S:0.015%,Cu:0.5%,Ni:0.2%,Cr:0.8%,Mo:0.02%,V:0.03%,Ti:0.15%,Al:0.001%,B:0.001%,O:0.01%,N:0.014%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.177。The chemical components contained in the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A5 are C: 0.15%, Si: 0.6%, Mn: 1.25%, P: 0.012%, S: 0.015%, Cu: 0.5% by mass fraction , Ni: 0.2%, Cr: 0.8%, Mo: 0.02%, V: 0.03%, Ti: 0.15%, Al: 0.001%, B: 0.001%, O: 0.01%, N: 0.014%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.177.
钢中尺寸在0.25~5μm且包含Ca、Ce元素的氧化物颗粒的数量为630个/mm2;按颗粒数量计,70%的上述氧化物中还包含氧化钛和氮化钛,整个颗粒中氧化钛和氮化钛的平均体积占比12%;钢中Ca、Mg、Zr、Ba、RE元素的质量分数之和为0.004%。The number of oxide particles in the steel with a size of 0.25 to 5 μm and containing elements of Ca and Ce is 630/mm 2 ; in terms of the number of particles, 70% of the above oxides also include titanium oxide and titanium nitride, and the whole particle The average volume of titanium oxide and titanium nitride accounts for 12%; the sum of the mass fractions of Ca, Mg, Zr, Ba, and RE elements in the steel is 0.004%.
所述450MPa级钒钛微合金化耐候乙字型钢A5的屈服强度为490MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为210J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率21%。The yield strength of the 450MPa grade vanadium-titanium microalloyed weather-resistant B-shaped steel A5 is 490MPa, the -40°C impact toughness AK V is 210J, and the corrosion resistance is 21% higher than that of the Q345B standard sample.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
本对比例用于说明一种含钒钛的乙字型钢B1及其生产方法。This comparative example is used to illustrate a vanadium-titanium-containing B-shaped steel B1 and its production method.
将脱硫铁水和废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1700℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.04%、P:0.01%、S:0.01%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入硅锰和氧化钙;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;LF精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;在调整成分过程中,按照含钒钛的乙字型钢B1的成分要求同时调整所有合金元素含量;将冶炼得到的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;连铸坯再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1250℃,终轧温度900℃;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到含钒钛的乙字型钢B1。The desulfurized molten iron and scrap steel are smelted into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1700 ° C, and the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.04%, P: 0.01%, S: 0.01% by mass fraction, the steel is tapped; during the tapping process, the molten steel is sent to the ladle. Silicon manganese and calcium oxide are added to the medium; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; during the LF refining process, electricity is sent to raise the temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; in the process of adjusting the composition, according to the composition of the B-shaped steel B1 containing vanadium and titanium It is required to adjust the content of all alloying elements at the same time; the molten steel obtained by smelting is sent to a rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain a continuous casting billet; the continuous casting billet is reheated and sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling; the billet rolling temperature 1250 ℃, finish rolling temperature 900 ℃; obtain B-shaped steel after hot rolling; B-shaped steel after hot rolling is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain B-shaped steel B1 containing vanadium and titanium.
所述乙字型钢B1包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.12%,Si:0.15%,Mn:1.57%,P:0.01%,S:0.01%,Cu:0.4%,Ni:0.3%,Cr:0.4%,Mo:0.004%,V:0.03%,Ti:0.03%,Al:0.04%,B:0.001%,O:0.005%,N:0.005%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.08。The chemical components contained in the S-shaped steel B1 are C: 0.12%, Si: 0.15%, Mn: 1.57%, P: 0.01%, S: 0.01%, Cu: 0.4%, Ni: 0.3%, Cr: 0.4%, Mo: 0.004%, V: 0.03%, Ti: 0.03%, Al: 0.04%, B: 0.001%, O: 0.005%, N: 0.005%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V ]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.08.
所述乙字型钢B1的屈服强度为420MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为200J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率24%。The yield strength of the B-shaped steel B1 is 420MPa, the impact toughness AK V at -40°C is 200J, and the corrosion resistance is 24% higher than that of the Q345B standard sample.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
本对比例用于说明一种含钒钛的乙字型钢B2及其生产方法。This comparative example is used to illustrate a vanadium-titanium-containing B-shaped steel B2 and its production method.
将脱硫铁水和废钢料熔炼成钢水;当钢水温度达到1720℃,钢水成分按质量分数达到C:0.05%、P:0.005%、S:0.006%时,出钢;在出钢过程中,向钢包中加入铝和预熔渣;钢包运送至精炼站进行精炼;LF精炼过程中送电提温,造白渣脱硫,脱氧合金化;在调整成分过程中,按照含钒钛的乙字型钢B2的成分要求同时调整所有合金元素含量;将冶炼得到的钢水送至矩形连铸机,进行连铸,得到连铸坯;连铸坯再次加热后送入乙字型钢轧制机组轧制;铸坯开轧温度1260℃,终轧温度850℃;得到热轧后的乙字型钢;热轧后的乙字型钢在冷床上冷却,得到含钒钛的乙字型钢B2。The desulfurized molten iron and scrap steel are smelted into molten steel; when the molten steel temperature reaches 1720 ° C, and the molten steel composition reaches C: 0.05%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.006% by mass fraction, the steel is tapped; during the tapping process, the molten steel is sent to the ladle. Aluminium and pre-melted slag are added to the medium; the ladle is transported to the refining station for refining; in the LF refining process, electricity is sent to increase temperature, white slag is desulfurized, and deoxidized and alloyed; in the process of adjusting the composition, according to the composition of the vanadium-titanium-containing B-shaped steel B2 It is required to adjust the content of all alloying elements at the same time; the molten steel obtained by smelting is sent to a rectangular continuous casting machine for continuous casting to obtain a continuous casting billet; the continuous casting billet is reheated and sent to the B-shaped steel rolling unit for rolling; the billet rolling temperature 1260 ℃, finish rolling temperature 850 ℃; obtain B-shaped steel after hot rolling; B-shaped steel after hot rolling is cooled on a cooling bed to obtain B-shaped steel B2 containing vanadium and titanium.
所述乙字型钢B2包含的化学成分按质量分数为C:0.09%,Si:0.70%,Mn:1.2%,P:0.005%,S:0.006%,Cu:0.5%,Ni:0.3%,Cr:1.0%,Mo:0.01%,V:0.12%,Ti:0.12%,Al:0.01%,B:0.001%,O:0.003%,N:0.003%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;[V]+1.86[Ti]-5.88[Ti]2=0.26。The chemical composition contained in the S-shaped steel B2 is C: 0.09%, Si: 0.70%, Mn: 1.2%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.006%, Cu: 0.5%, Ni: 0.3%, Cr: 1.0%, Mo: 0.01%, V: 0.12%, Ti: 0.12%, Al: 0.01%, B: 0.001%, O: 0.003%, N: 0.003%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; [V ]+1.86[Ti]−5.88[Ti] 2 =0.26.
所述乙字型钢B2的屈服强度为500MPa,-40℃冲击韧性AKV为22J,耐腐蚀性能较Q345B标样相对腐蚀率65%。The yield strength of the B-shaped steel B2 is 500MPa, the impact toughness AK V at -40°C is 22J, and the corrosion resistance is 65% higher than that of the Q345B standard sample.
以上实施例1-5和对比例1-2所制备的乙字型钢的性能数据如下表1所示。The performance data of the B-shaped steel prepared in the above Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1 below.
表1Table 1
由上述表1的数据可以看出,本发明实施例1~5的乙字型钢具有良好的屈服强度、冲击韧性和腐蚀性能,均达到标准要求。而对比例1的乙字型钢的元素含量低于关系式(1)下限,产品屈服强度低于450MPa,不满足标准要求。对比例2的乙字型钢的元素含量高于关系式(1)上限,屈服强度达到450MPa以上,但冲击韧性和耐腐蚀性能显著下降,产品不符合标准要求。It can be seen from the data in Table 1 above that the S-shaped steels of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention have good yield strength, impact toughness and corrosion properties, all of which meet the standard requirements. The element content of the B-shaped steel of Comparative Example 1 is lower than the lower limit of the relational formula (1), and the yield strength of the product is lower than 450MPa, which does not meet the standard requirements. The element content of the B-shaped steel of Comparative Example 2 is higher than the upper limit of the relational formula (1), and the yield strength reaches more than 450MPa, but the impact toughness and corrosion resistance are significantly reduced, and the product does not meet the standard requirements.
通过上述实施例和对比例可以看出,本发明中通过限定合金元素的合理匹配关系,合金元素的强化作用得到了有效提高,合金成本显著下降,材料综合性能得到了稳定提升。From the above examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that by limiting the reasonable matching relationship of alloy elements in the present invention, the strengthening effect of alloy elements is effectively improved, the alloy cost is significantly reduced, and the overall performance of the material is stably improved.
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combining various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed in the present invention. All belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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