CN114292888A - Preparation process of hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity - Google Patents
Preparation process of hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity, relating to the technical field of hericium erinaceus extracts and comprising the following steps: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus; weighing: weighing a certain weight of raw materials; performing primary enzymolysis; carrying out secondary enzymolysis; carrying out primary reflux extraction; secondary reflux extraction; separating by a ceramic membrane; separating by using an ultrafiltration membrane; concentrating and purifying; drying; by improving the preparation process, the enzymolysis can effectively break cell walls of the raw materials to improve the extraction rate of effective components and the taste and smell; the whole process of the membrane separation technology has no high temperature, can effectively protect the active ingredients in the extracting solution, and has the advantages of simple operation, short time consumption and low cost; the hericium erinaceus extract with high content of beta-glucan has the characteristic of improving immunity; the combination of the two can prepare the hericium erinaceus extract with high immunity and high content of beta-glucan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hericium erinaceus extracts, and particularly relates to a preparation process of a hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity.
Background
Hericium erinaceus is a fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, a fungus of the family Hydnaceae, and is only named because its appearance is exactly like Hericium erinaceus. Monkey mushroom, hericium erinaceus and hericium erinaceus are traditional rare dishes in China, and are tender in meat, fragrant in taste, delicious and tasty. The hericium erinaceus has the main effects that: (1) enhancing immunity and resisting aging; (2) anti-cancer effect; (3) has blood sugar lowering effect. At present, the market has fewer methods for extracting beta-glucan in hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and lower extraction rate.
Through retrieval, the invention patent with the Chinese patent number of CN109207549A discloses a method for efficiently extracting hericium erinaceus polysaccharide by adopting a fermentation process, the extraction rate of polysaccharide extracted by adopting the fermentation process is about 20%, the content of polysaccharide in the extract is 35%, the invention patent with the Chinese patent number of CN101358224A discloses a method for extracting hericium erinaceus polysaccharide, wherein cellulase, pectinase and papain are adopted for extraction, the content of beta-glucan obtained by ultrafiltration is more than 40%, and the yield of crude polysaccharide is 12.2%.
However, the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract has the problems that neutral protease and flavourzyme have low extraction rate and poor effect on taste and smell compared with papain, the purification effect of a ceramic membrane, ultrafiltration membrane and nanofiltration membrane combined process on beta-glucan is not good, and certain pollution exists, so that the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity is provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, neutral protease and flavourzyme have low extraction rate and have poor effect on taste and smell compared with papain, a ceramic membrane, ultrafiltration membrane and nanofiltration membrane combined process has poor purification effect on beta-glucan and certain pollution exists, and the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving the immunity is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity comprises the following steps:
selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
weighing: weighing a certain weight of raw materials;
primary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of water at a certain temperature into the raw materials, adding a certain amount of cellulase and pectinase into the raw materials for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time;
secondary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of protease and neutral protease for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time;
primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for a certain time to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
secondary reflux extraction: adding a certain amount of water, reflux-extracting for a certain time to obtain a second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
membrane separation: the extracting solution firstly passes through a ceramic membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the period; the ceramic membrane permeate passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the process;
concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under certain pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
and (3) drying: adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain a certain amount of extract containing beta-glucan.
Preferably, the following are weighed: weighing a certain weight of raw materials, wherein the mass of the raw materials is 5-20 kg.
Preferably, primary enzymatic hydrolysis: adding a certain amount of water at a certain temperature into the raw materials, adding a certain amount of cellulase and pectinase into the raw materials for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time; the temperature of the water is 40-60 ℃, and the mass of the water is 80-400L; the amount of the cellulase and the pectinase is 1 to 3 percent of the amount of the raw materials; the temperature of the activity activation is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 10-60 min; stirring and enzymolysis for 2-16 hours.
Preferably, the second enzymatic hydrolysis: adding a certain amount of protease and neutral protease for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time; the amount of the protease and the neutral protease is 1 to 3 percent of the amount of the raw materials; the temperature of the activity activation is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 10-60 min; stirring and enzymolysis for 2-16 hours.
Preferably, one reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for a certain time to obtain an extracting solution for the first time; the reflux extraction time is 2-12 hours.
Preferably, the second reflux extraction: adding a certain amount of water, reflux-extracting for a certain time to obtain a second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions; the amount of water is 40-200L; the reflux extraction time is 1-8 hours.
Preferably, the membrane separation: the extracting solution firstly passes through a ceramic membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the period; the ceramic membrane permeate passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the process; the pressure of the ceramic membrane is between 0.1 and 0.12 MPa; the water supplement proportion is 1: 0.5-1: 1.5 is between; the molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane is 5000-10000, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 Mpa, and the water supplementing proportion is 1: 0.5-1: 1.5.
Preferably, concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under certain pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate; the pressure for concentration and purification is 0.2-0.22 MPa.
Preferably, the drying: adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and performing spray drying to obtain a certain amount of extract containing beta-glucan; the amount of the auxiliary material is 10 to 30 percent of the amount of the raw material; the content of beta-glucan is 45-55%.
Equipment for preparing the hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity is applied to the production process of the steps of the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by improving the preparation process, the enzymolysis can effectively break cell walls of the raw materials to improve the extraction rate of effective components and the taste and smell; the whole process of the membrane separation technology has no high temperature, can effectively protect the active ingredients in the extracting solution, and has the advantages of simple operation, short time consumption and low cost; the hericium erinaceus extract with high content of beta-glucan has the characteristic of improving immunity; the combination of the two can prepare the hericium erinaceus extract with high immunity and high content of beta-glucan.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process of the preparation process of a hericium erinaceus extract for enhancing immunity according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of broken lines of water temperature and water quantity in each embodiment of the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a broken line diagram of the content of beta-glucan in each embodiment of the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a preparation process of a hericium erinaceus extract for enhancing immunity includes the following steps:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing raw materials with a certain weight, wherein the mass of the raw materials is 5-20 kg;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of water at a certain temperature into the raw materials, adding a certain amount of cellulase and pectinase into the raw materials for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time; the temperature of the water is 40-60 ℃, and the mass of the water is 80-400L; the amount of the cellulase and the pectinase is 1 to 3 percent of the amount of the raw materials; the temperature of the activity activation is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 10-60 min; stirring for enzymolysis for 2-16 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of protease and neutral protease for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time; the amount of the protease and the neutral protease is 1 to 3 percent of the amount of the raw materials; the temperature of the activity activation is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 10-60 min; stirring for enzymolysis for 2-16 hr;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for a certain time to obtain an extracting solution for the first time; reflux extraction time is 2-12 hours;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding a certain amount of water, reflux-extracting for a certain time to obtain a second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions; the amount of water is 40-200L; the reflux extraction time is 1-8 hours;
s7: membrane separation: the extracting solution firstly passes through a ceramic membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the period; the ceramic membrane permeate passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the process; the pressure of the ceramic membrane is between 0.1 and 0.12 MPa; the water supplement proportion is 1: 0.5-1: 1.5 is between; the molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane is 5000-10000, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 Mpa, and the water supplementing proportion is 1: 0.5-1: 1.5 is between;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under certain pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate; the pressure for concentration and purification is between 0.2MPa and 0.22 MPa;
s9: and (3) drying: adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and performing spray drying to obtain a certain amount of extract containing beta-glucan; the amount of the auxiliary material is 10 to 30 percent of the amount of the raw material; the content of beta-glucan is 45-55%.
Equipment for preparing hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity is applied to the production process of the steps of the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity.
Example 1:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 5 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding 50 deg.C and 100L water into the raw materials, adding 2% of cellulase and pectinase for activity activation at 45 deg.C for 20min, stirring for enzymolysis for 2.5 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding 1.5% of protease and neutral protease for activity activation at 50 deg.C for 15 min; stirring and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 2.5 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 45L of water, reflux-extracting for 1.5 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.11Mpa, and 1:1 of water is supplemented in the period; passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane of 1.0Mpa and molecular weight of 8000, and supplementing 1:1.2 of water;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.21Mpa pressure by using a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 20% of adjuvants into nanofiltration membrane retentate, dissolving completely, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 47% of beta-dextran.
Example 2:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 10 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding water of 55 deg.C and 150L into the raw materials, adding 2% of cellulase and pectinase for activity activation at 55 deg.C for 25min, and stirring for enzymolysis for 7 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding 2.5% of protease and neutral protease for activity activation at 52 deg.C for 27min, stirring for enzymolysis for 7.5 hr;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 5 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 80L of water, reflux-extracting for 3 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.11Mpa, and 1:1.2 of water is supplemented in the period; passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane with the pressure of 1.0Mpa and the molecular weight of 9000, and supplementing 1:1.3 of water in the process;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.22MPa of pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 25% of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane retentate, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 49% of beta-glucan.
Example 3:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 15 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding 55 deg.C and 250L water into the raw materials, adding 2.5% of cellulase and pectinase for activity activation at 57 deg.C for 42min, stirring, and performing enzymolysis for 10 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding 2.7% of protease and neutral protease for activity activation at 53 deg.C for 40min, and stirring for enzymolysis for 11 hr;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 8 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 120L water, reflux extracting for 5 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.12MPa, and 1:1.3 of water; and (3) passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane with the pressure of 1.1Mpa and the molecular weight of 9500, and supplementing 1: 1.4 of water;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.21Mpa pressure by using a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 25% of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane retentate, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 52% of beta-glucan.
Example 4:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 20 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding water of 60 deg.C and 400L into the raw materials, adding cellulase and pectinase in an amount of 3% to activate the activity at 60 deg.C for 60min, and stirring for enzymolysis for 16 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding protease and neutral protease with 3% of raw material amount for activity activation at 60 deg.C for 60min, stirring for enzymolysis for 16 hr;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 12 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 200L water, reflux extracting for 8 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extracts;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.12MPa, and 1:1.5 of water; and (3) passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane with the pressure of 1.2Mpa and the molecular weight of 10000, and supplementing 1:1.5 of water;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.22MPa of pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 30% of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 52% of beta-glucan.
Example 5:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 20 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding water of 40 deg.C and 320L into the raw materials, adding 1% of cellulase and pectinase for activity activation at 40 deg.C for 40 min; stirring and carrying out enzymolysis for 8 hours;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding 1% of protease and neutral protease for activity activation at 45 deg.C for 40min, stirring for enzymolysis for 8 hr;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 8 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 160L of water, reflux-extracting for 4 hr to obtain a second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.1MPa, and 1:0.5 of water; and (3) passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane with the pressure of 0.8Mpa and the molecular weight of 5000, and supplementing 1:0.5 of water;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.2Mpa pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 10% of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 46% of beta-glucan.
Example 6:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 20 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding 50 deg.C and 360L water into the raw materials, adding 2% of cellulase and pectinase for activity activation at 50 deg.C for 50min, stirring for enzymolysis for 12 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding 2% of protease and neutral protease for activity activation at 52.5 deg.C for 50min, stirring for enzymolysis for 12 hr;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 10 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 180L of water, reflux-extracting for 6 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.11Mpa, and 1:1 of water is supplemented in the period; passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane with the pressure of 1.0Mpa and the molecular weight of 7500, and supplementing 1:1 of water in the process;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.21Mpa pressure by using a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 20% of adjuvants into the nanofiltration membrane retentate, dissolving completely, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 49% of beta-dextran.
Example 7:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 5 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding water of 60 deg.C and 100L into the raw materials, adding cellulase and pectinase in an amount of 3% to activate the activity at 60 deg.C for 15min, and stirring for enzymolysis for 4 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding protease and neutral protease with 3% of raw material amount for activity activation at 60 deg.C for 15 min; stirring for enzymolysis for 4 hours;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 3 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 50L of water, reflux-extracting for 2 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.12Mpa, and 1:1.5 of water is supplemented in the period; passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane of 1.2Mpa and molecular weight of 10000, and supplementing 1:1.5 of water during the process;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.22MPa of pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 30% of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 54% of beta-glucan.
Example 1:
s1: selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
s2: weighing: weighing 5 kg of raw materials;
s3: primary enzymolysis: adding 540 deg.C and 80L water into the raw materials, adding 1% of cellulase and pectinase for activity activation at 40 deg.C for 10min, stirring for enzymolysis for 2 hr;
s4: secondary enzymolysis: adding 1% of protease and neutral protease for activity activation at 45 deg.C for 10 min; stirring for enzymolysis for 2 hours;
s5: primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for 2 hours to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
s6: secondary reflux extraction: adding 40L of water, reflux-extracting for 1 hr to obtain second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
s7: membrane separation: the extract solution is firstly passed through a ceramic membrane with the pressure of 0.1Mpa, and 1:0.5 of water is supplemented in the period; passing the ceramic membrane permeate through an ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight of 5000 at 0.8Mpa, and supplementing 1:0.5 of water during the process;
s8: concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under 0.2Mpa pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
s9: and (3) drying: adding 10% of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain extract containing 46% of beta-glucan.
Table 1 comparative results of examples
As can be seen from the above table, the content of the obtained extract is better by adopting the raw material proportion, the temperature condition and the stirring time in the examples 3, 4 and 7, the extract is convenient to extract, the raw material use degree is higher, and the economic benefit is better.
Efficacy experiments:
the hericium erinaceus extract (dissolved by ultrapure water) is prepared into three concentrations: 0.13g/mL, 0.31g/mL, and 0.52 g/mL; the animals were divided into a control group, a low dose group, a medium dose group and a high dose group of 12 animals each, and the gavage volume of the mice was 0.1mL/10 g. The control group is perfused with ultrapure water, each group of mice is perfused with ultrapure water for 1 time every day, the concentration of the ultrapure water is 0.10mL/10g, and the mice are perfused with ultrapure water for 30 days continuously; after the intragastric administration is finished, performing an effect experiment that the hericium erinaceus extract phagocytoses chicken erythrocytes on mouse abdominal cavity macrophages;
30 days after administration, mice were injected intraperitoneally with a 2% suspension of chicken red blood cells; at intervals of 30min, taking off cervical vertebrae to kill animals, injecting 2mL of physiological saline into abdominal cavity, gently kneading abdominal cavity of mice, cutting abdominal wall skin, sucking out 1mL of abdominal cavity washing liquid, and averagely dripping on 2 glass slides; placing into a wet box, and incubating at 37 deg.C for 30 min; rinsing with normal saline; air drying, fixing with 1:1 acetone methanol solution, staining with 4% (v/v) Giemsa-phosphate buffer solution for 3min, rinsing with distilled water, air drying, observing under microscope, and counting; the experimental results are shown in table 2 below;
phagocytosis rate: macrophage phagocytizing chicken erythrocyte/200 macrophages × 100%
Phagocytosis index: phagocytosed chicken red blood cells/200 chicken red blood cells × 100%
TABLE 2 results of experiments at different concentrations
| Grouping | Phagocytosis rate/%) | Phagocytic index |
| Physiological saline | 26.01±2.61 | 0.35±0.04 |
| Low dose (0.13g/mL) | 28.37±4.32 | 0.38±0.04 |
| Medium dose (0.31g/mL) | 30.07±4.26 | 0.39±0.05 |
| High dose (0.52g/mL) | 31.87±2.91 | 0.40±0.04 |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of a hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting raw materials: selecting first-class fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus;
weighing: weighing a certain weight of raw materials;
primary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of water at a certain temperature into the raw materials, adding a certain amount of cellulase and pectinase into the raw materials for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time;
secondary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of protease and neutral protease for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time;
primary reflux extraction: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for a certain time to obtain an extracting solution for the first time;
secondary reflux extraction: adding a certain amount of water, reflux-extracting for a certain time to obtain a second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions;
membrane separation: the extracting solution firstly passes through a ceramic membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the period; the ceramic membrane permeate passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the process;
concentration and purification: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under certain pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate;
and (3) drying: adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and spray drying to obtain a certain amount of extract containing beta-glucan.
2. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity according to claim 1 is characterized by weighing: weighing a certain weight of raw materials, wherein the mass of the raw materials is 5-20 kg.
3. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of water at a certain temperature into the raw materials, adding a certain amount of cellulase and pectinase into the raw materials for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time; the temperature of the water is 40-60 ℃, and the mass of the water is 80-400L; the amount of the cellulase and the pectinase is 1 to 3 percent of the amount of the raw materials; the temperature of the activity activation is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 10-60 min; stirring and enzymolysis for 2-16 hours.
4. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity according to claim 1, characterized in that secondary enzymolysis: adding a certain amount of protease and neutral protease for activity activation, and stirring for enzymolysis for a certain time; the amount of the protease and the neutral protease is 1 to 3 percent of the amount of the raw materials; the temperature of the activity activation is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 10-60 min; stirring and enzymolysis for 2-16 hours.
5. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of extracting under reflux: after the enzymolysis is finished, reflux extraction is carried out for a certain time to obtain an extracting solution for the first time; the reflux extraction time is 2-12 hours.
6. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract capable of improving immunity according to claim 1, characterized by performing secondary reflux extraction: adding a certain amount of water, reflux-extracting for a certain time to obtain a second extractive solution, and mixing the two extractive solutions; the amount of water is 40-200L; the reflux extraction time is 1-8 hours.
7. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity according to claim 1, characterized in that membrane separation: the extracting solution firstly passes through a ceramic membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the period; the ceramic membrane permeate passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with certain pressure, and a certain proportion of water is supplemented in the process; the pressure of the ceramic membrane is between 0.1 and 0.12 MPa; the water supplement proportion is 1: 0.5-1: 1.5 is between; the molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane is 5000-10000, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 Mpa, and the water supplementing proportion is 1: 0.5-1: 1.5.
8. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity according to claim 1, characterized by concentrating and purifying: concentrating and purifying the ultrafiltration membrane permeate under certain pressure by a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane retentate; the pressure for concentration and purification is 0.2-0.22 MPa.
9. The preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for improving immunity according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of drying: adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials into the nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid, completely dissolving, and performing spray drying to obtain a certain amount of extract containing beta-glucan; the amount of the auxiliary material is 10 to 30 percent of the amount of the raw material; the content of beta-glucan is 45-55%.
10. An apparatus for preparing a hericium erinaceus extract for enhancing immunity, which is applied to the production process of the steps of the preparation process of the hericium erinaceus extract for enhancing immunity according to claims 1 to 9.
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