CN114292309A - Method for producing peptone powder from fish processing by-products - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing peptone powder by using byproducts of fish processing, which comprises the following steps: s1 provides a fish by-product. S2 pretreatment to obtain the raw material. S3 obtaining mixed liquid. S4 protein extraction treatment is performed on the mixed solution based on an aqueous solution extraction method to obtain an extract solution. S5 removing fishy smell, color and bacteria of the extractive solution. S6 concentration to obtain a concentrate. S7 filtering and drying the concentrate, and grinding the concentrate into powder to obtain peptone powder. The specific operation of the protein extraction treatment is as follows: s41 provides dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid. S42 is performed according to 1: 1, mixing the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and the mixed solution, stirring and filtering to obtain an extracting solution. The invention makes full use of resources, improves the additional value of fish, promotes the development of fish breeding industry, has good stability of protein extraction environment and high solubility, improves the yield of peptone powder, and solves the harm of pathogenic bacteria residue to the application of peptone powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peptone production, in particular to a method for producing peptone powder by using byproducts of fish processing.
Background
Peptone is light yellow or yellowish brown solid, has special odor and strong hygroscopicity, and is an intermediate product of protein hydrolysis. The peptone can be used as an important culture medium component used in antibiotic or bacterial fermentation, can also be added into feed, and has wide application.
In the traditional production process of peptone powder, proteins are extracted by adopting steam pressurization, so that the damage to the proteins is large, the extraction rate is low, the yield of the peptone powder is low, the production energy consumption is large, the economy is poor, and the pathogenic bacteria residue brings harm to the application of the peptone powder.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for producing peptone powder from fish byproducts, aiming at the problems of the traditional peptone powder production process that proteins are extracted by steam pressurization, the damage to the proteins is large, the extraction rate is low, the peptone powder yield is low, the production energy consumption is large, the economy is poor, and the peptone powder application is damaged by pathogenic bacteria residues.
A method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing, comprising the steps of:
s1 providing a fish by-product;
the fish by-products are fish scales, fish viscera and fish bones; and/or, the fish by-product is fish blood;
s2, pretreating the fish by-product to obtain a processing raw material;
s3, adding water into the processing raw materials, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
s4, carrying out protein extraction treatment on the mixed solution based on an aqueous solution extraction method to obtain an extracting solution;
the protein extraction treatment comprises the following specific operations:
s41 providing a dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution;
s42 is performed according to 1: 1, mixing the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and the mixed solution, uniformly stirring for 2-3 hours, and filtering to obtain an extracting solution;
s5, performing fishy smell removing, decoloring and bacterium removing treatment on the extracting solution;
s6, concentrating the extracting solution processed by the S5 to obtain a concentrate;
s7, filtering and drying the concentrate, and grinding the concentrate into powder to obtain peptone powder.
The method for producing the peptone powder fully utilizes resources, improves the additional value of fish, promotes the development of fish breeding industry, has good stability of protein extraction environment and high solubility, improves the yield of the peptone powder, and solves the problem of harm of pathogenic bacteria residue to the application of the peptone powder.
In one embodiment, when the fish by-products are fish scales, fish viscera and fish bones, the pretreatment is performed to obtain a processing raw material, and the operation is as follows:
s11, washing the fish by-product with water until the washing liquid is clear;
s12, crushing the washed fish by-product.
In one embodiment, when the fish by-product is fish blood, the pretreatment is performed by the following steps: and adding an anticoagulant into the fish by-product, and then filtering.
In one embodiment, in S3, the processing raw material and the water are mixed in the following ratio by weight: 1 to 1.2.
In one example, water and industrial hydrochloric acid are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1 to obtain the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution; the pH value of the dilute hydrochloric acid water solution is 5.0-5.2.
In one embodiment, the method for deodorization, decolorization and sterilization treatment specifically comprises the following operations:
s51, adding hydrogen peroxide and activated carbon into the extracting solution to obtain a deodorization and decoloration solution;
and S52, filtering the fishy smell removing and discoloring solution through an ultrafiltration membrane, and removing pathogenic bacteria.
Further, the adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 3% -6%; the adding amount of the activated carbon is 2% -5%.
Furthermore, the specification of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.3-0.5 μm.
In one embodiment, the method for concentrating to obtain the concentrated solution specifically operates as follows:
s61, putting the concentrated solution into a container, and heating for 1.5-2 hours at the temperature of 80-85 ℃;
s62, heating to 90-95 ℃, and continuing to heat for 20min to obtain a concentrate;
s63, after removing surface foams, measuring the Baume degree of the concentrate, and finishing the concentration when the Baume degree reaches 12-13.
Further, in S61-62, the heating treatment is carried out under the stirring condition;
and measuring the Baume degree of the concentrate, and returning to S62 to continue concentrating when the Baume degree is less than 12-13.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the fish byproducts (fish scales, fish viscera, fish bones and fish blood) are used as raw materials for reprocessing and utilizing, so that resources are fully utilized, the additional value of fish is improved, the development of fish breeding industry is promoted, and the popularization and application prospects are excellent.
According to the invention, the mixed solution is subjected to protein extraction treatment based on an aqueous solution extraction method, so that the stability of a protein extraction environment is good, the solubility is high, compared with the traditional steam pressurization extraction, the damage to protein is small, the extraction time is short, the energy consumption is low, and the yield of peptone powder is improved.
According to the invention, the quality of the prepared peptone powder is ensured based on deodorization, decolorization and sterilization treatment of the extract, and the harm of pathogenic bacteria residue to the application of the peptone powder is effectively solved.
In conclusion, the method for producing peptone powder fully utilizes resources, improves the additional value of fish, promotes the development of fish breeding industry, has good stability of protein extraction environment and high solubility, improves the yield of peptone powder, and solves the problem of harm to peptone powder application caused by pathogenic bacteria residue.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below.
Example 1
This example provides a method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing comprising the steps of:
s1 provides a fish by-product.
The fish by-products are fish scales, fish viscera and fish bones.
S2 pretreating the fish by-product to obtain a processed raw material.
The method for obtaining the processing raw material by pretreatment comprises the following specific operations:
s11 the fish by-product is washed with water (water temperature 45 ℃) until the washing liquid is clear.
S12, crushing the washed fish by-product.
S3, adding water (the weight ratio of the processing raw material to the water is 1: 1.2) into the processing raw material, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
S4 protein extraction treatment is performed on the mixed solution based on an aqueous solution extraction method to obtain an extract solution.
The protein extraction treatment comprises the following specific operations:
s41 provides dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid.
Water and industrial hydrochloric acid as 1: 1 to obtain the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, wherein the pH value of the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 5.1.
S42 is performed according to 1: 1, uniformly stirring for 3 hours, and filtering (by using a coarse cloth) to obtain an extracting solution.
In this embodiment, carry out protein extraction processing to the mixed solution based on aqueous solution extraction method for protein extraction environment's stability is good, and the solubility is high, compares in traditional steam pressurization and extracts, and is little, the extraction time is short and the energy consumption is little to the destruction of protein, has improved the yield of peptone powder.
S5, performing deodorization, decolorization and sterilization treatment on the extracting solution.
The method for deodorization, decoloration and sterilization treatment comprises the following specific operations:
s51, adding hydrogen peroxide and activated carbon into the extracting solution to obtain a deodorization and decoloration solution.
The adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 6 percent, and the adding amount of the active carbon is 5 percent.
S52, filtering the fishy smell removing and discoloring solution by an ultrafiltration membrane (the specification is 0.3 mu m), and removing pathogenic bacteria.
In the embodiment, the quality of the prepared peptone powder is ensured based on deodorization, decolorization and bacteria removal treatment of the extract, and the harm of pathogenic bacteria residues to the application of the peptone powder is effectively solved.
S6 the extract liquid treated in S5 is concentrated to obtain a concentrate (in the form of a thin paste).
The method for obtaining the concentrated solution by concentration comprises the following specific operations:
s61 the concentrated solution is put into a container and heated for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃.
S62 heating to 90 deg.C, and heating for 20min to obtain concentrate.
S63 removing surface foam, measuring Baume degree of the concentrate, completing concentration when the Baume degree reaches 13, and returning to S62 to continue concentration when the Baume degree does not reach 13.
In S61-62, the heating treatment is performed under stirring conditions.
S7, filtering and drying the concentrate, and grinding the concentrate into powder to obtain peptone powder.
Filtering the concentrate with double-layer gauze, placing in a container, oven drying at 70 deg.C to obtain solid, taking out the dried product, grinding to obtain peptone powder, packaging peptone powder, and storing at room temperature in shade.
In summary, the method for producing peptone powder of this embodiment has the following advantages compared with the conventional process for producing peptone powder: the method for producing peptone powder fully utilizes resources, improves the additional value of fish, promotes the development of fish breeding industry, has good stability of protein extraction environment and high solubility, improves the yield of peptone powder, and solves the problem of harm to peptone powder application caused by pathogenic bacteria residue.
Example 2
This example provides a method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing comprising the steps of:
s1 provides a fish by-product (fish blood).
S2 pre-treating the fish by-product (fish blood) to obtain a processed raw material.
The method for obtaining the processing raw material by pretreatment comprises the following specific operations: and adding an anticoagulant (sodium citrate) into the fish by-product (fish blood) for anticoagulation, and then filtering.
S3, adding water (the weight ratio of the processing raw material to the water is 1: 1) into the processing raw material, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
S4 protein extraction treatment is performed on the mixed solution based on an aqueous solution extraction method to obtain an extract solution.
The protein extraction treatment comprises the following specific operations:
s41 provides dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid.
Water and industrial hydrochloric acid as 1: 1 to obtain the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, wherein the pH value of the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 5.2.
S42 is performed according to 1: 1, uniformly stirring for 2 hours, and filtering (by using a coarse cloth) to obtain an extracting solution.
S5, performing deodorization, decolorization and sterilization treatment on the extracting solution.
The method for deodorization, decoloration and sterilization treatment comprises the following specific operations:
s51, adding hydrogen peroxide and activated carbon into the extracting solution to obtain a deodorization and decoloration solution.
The adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 5 percent, and the adding amount of the active carbon is 4 percent.
S52, filtering the fishy smell removing and discoloring solution by an ultrafiltration membrane (the specification is 0.3 mu m), and removing pathogenic bacteria.
S6 the extract liquid treated in S5 is concentrated to obtain a concentrate (in the form of a thin paste).
The method for obtaining the concentrated solution by concentration comprises the following specific operations:
s61 the concentrated solution is put into a container and heated at 82 ℃ for 1.5 h.
S62 heating to 90 deg.C, and heating for 20min to obtain concentrate.
S63 removing surface foam, measuring Baume degree of the concentrate, completing concentration when the Baume degree reaches 12, and returning to S62 to continue concentration when the Baume degree does not reach 12.
In S61-62, the heating treatment is performed under stirring conditions.
S7, filtering and drying the concentrate, and grinding the concentrate into powder to obtain peptone powder.
Filtering the concentrate with double-layer gauze, putting the filtrate into a container, placing the container in an oven, drying the concentrate into a solid at the temperature of 65-70 ℃, taking out the dried product, grinding the dried product to obtain peptone powder, packaging the peptone powder, and storing the peptone powder at the normal temperature in a shade place.
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the fish by-products selected are different, and therefore, the method of this embodiment will not be described in detail.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing, comprising the steps of:
s1 providing a fish by-product;
the fish by-products are fish scales, fish viscera and fish bones; and/or, the fish by-product is fish blood;
s2, pretreating the fish by-product to obtain a processing raw material;
s3, adding water into the processing raw materials, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
s4, carrying out protein extraction treatment on the mixed solution based on an aqueous solution extraction method to obtain an extracting solution;
the protein extraction treatment comprises the following specific operations:
s41 providing a dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution;
s42 is performed according to 1: 1, mixing the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and the mixed solution, uniformly stirring for 2-3 hours, and filtering to obtain an extracting solution;
s5, performing fishy smell removing, decoloring and bacterium removing treatment on the extracting solution;
s6, concentrating the extracting solution processed by the S5 to obtain a concentrate;
s7, filtering and drying the concentrate, and grinding the concentrate into powder to obtain peptone powder.
2. The method for producing peptone powder from by-products of fish processing according to claim 1, wherein said pretreatment is carried out to obtain a processing raw material when said fish by-products are fish scales, fish viscera and fish bones, and is carried out by the following steps:
s11, washing the fish by-product with water until the washing liquid is clear;
s12, crushing the washed fish by-product.
3. The method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing according to claim 1, wherein said pretreatment is carried out to obtain a processing raw material when said fish by-product is fish blood, and the specific operations are as follows: and adding an anticoagulant into the fish by-product, and then filtering.
4. The method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the weight ratio of the processing raw material to the water is 1: 1 to 1.2.
5. A process for the production of peptone powder from by-products of fish processing according to claim 1, characterized in that water and industrial hydrochloric acid are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1 to obtain the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution;
the pH value of the dilute hydrochloric acid water solution is 5.0-5.2.
6. The method for producing peptone powder from by-products of fish processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the deodorization, decolorization and sterilization treatment method is specifically operated as follows:
s51, adding hydrogen peroxide and activated carbon into the extracting solution to obtain a deodorization and decoloration solution;
and S52, filtering the fishy smell removing and discoloring solution through an ultrafiltration membrane, and removing pathogenic bacteria.
7. The method for producing peptone powder from by-products of fish processing according to claim 6, wherein said hydrogen peroxide is added in an amount of 3% to 6%;
the adding amount of the activated carbon is 2% -5%.
8. The method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing according to claim 6, characterized in that the ultrafiltration membrane has a size of 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm.
9. The method for producing peptone powder from by-products of fish processing according to claim 1, characterized in that said concentration to obtain a concentrate is carried out by the following steps:
s61, putting the concentrated solution into a container, and heating for 1.5-2 hours at the temperature of 80-85 ℃;
s62, heating to 90-95 ℃, and continuing to heat for 20min to obtain a concentrate;
s63, after removing surface foams, measuring the Baume degree of the concentrate, and finishing the concentration when the Baume degree reaches 12-13.
10. The method for producing peptone powder from a by-product of fish processing according to claim 9, wherein in S61-62, said heating treatment is carried out under stirring conditions;
and measuring the Baume degree of the concentrate, and returning to S62 to continue concentrating when the Baume degree is less than 12-13.
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