CN114289885A - Carving equipment and carving method for large-format material - Google Patents
Carving equipment and carving method for large-format material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114289885A CN114289885A CN202111675581.5A CN202111675581A CN114289885A CN 114289885 A CN114289885 A CN 114289885A CN 202111675581 A CN202111675581 A CN 202111675581A CN 114289885 A CN114289885 A CN 114289885A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carving method for a large-format material and carving equipment based on the method. The carving equipment comprises a carving mechanism and a feeding mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding shaft, a receiving shaft and the like, and the carving equipment further comprises a feeding motor used for driving the feeding shaft to rotate, a receiving motor used for driving the receiving shaft to rotate, a tension detection module, a tension control module and the like. The carving method comprises the following steps: (1) importing a pattern to be engraved in a computer; (2) preparing a carving stage: carrying out one or more times of simulated carving and pre-carving until the expected carving effect is achieved; (3) and (3) actual engraving stage: and putting the substrate to be engraved into the feeding mechanism, and starting the feeding mechanism and the engraving mechanism to perform actual engraving. The carving equipment and the carving method have the advantages that the problem prevention, problem detection and problem processing mechanisms are relatively complete, various emergency situations can be responded, the product quality is fully guaranteed, and the resource waste is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to carving equipment and a carving method for a large-format material.
Background
The laser engraving is a high-precision engraving process based on a numerical control technology and taking laser as a processing medium, and a material to be processed irradiated by the laser absorbs laser energy to be instantly melted or gasified, so that a preset pattern can be engraved on the surface of the material. The working materials suitable for laser engraving concern almost all common metallic or non-metallic materials. The engraving mechanism does not directly contact with the surface of a material to be engraved in the laser engraving process, and the surface of the material is not easy to deform, so that the laser engraving mechanism is particularly suitable for processing flexible materials such as cloth. At present, carbon dioxide lasers are widely used due to excellent performance and low price, and are suitable for almost any non-metallic materials.
According to the breadth size of a processing material, the laser engraving machine can be divided into a small-breadth engraving machine and a large-breadth engraving machine, wherein the feeding width of the large-breadth engraving machine reaches more than 1.2m, and the laser engraving machine can be applied to engraving processing of large-area materials such as cloth, wall cloth and the like. Taking a large-width wall cloth as an example, in the prior art, a laser engraving device generally includes an engraving mechanism capable of engraving a preset pattern along an X direction, and a cloth feeding mechanism capable of slowly feeding cloth along a Y direction, wherein the engraving mechanism includes a laser, a galvanometer motor, and the like, and the cloth feeding mechanism includes a conveyor belt driven by a stepping motor. Thereby on the X direction, the mirror motor that shakes drives the mirror that shakes and carries out linear scanning laser sculpture, and the conveyer belt in Y direction is the slow work feed simultaneously for continuous pattern is carved out to wall cloth surface. The laser engraving equipment further comprises a control unit used for controlling the engraving mechanism and the cloth feeding mechanism to run in a coordinated mode, and the control unit achieves accurate matching in two directions through calculation, so that laser engraving of large-breadth wall cloth is achieved. However, for large-sized, soft and elastic processing materials such as wallcoverings and fabrics, the surface changes such as elastic deformation, wrinkles and breakage of the materials are very easy to occur due to unavoidable friction resistance and other factors in the transmission mechanism during the transmission process, and thus the reliability of the whole system is not high, the carving accuracy is reduced, and the product quality is poor. The existing laser engraving equipment and method cannot effectively solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides carving equipment and a carving method which are stable and reliable in performance and capable of improving the carving quality of products and are suitable for large-amplitude materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an engraving method for large-format materials, the engraving method using an engraving apparatus to perform laser engraving on a substrate to be engraved, the engraving apparatus comprising an engraving mechanism for performing laser engraving on the substrate along an X direction, and a feeding mechanism for conveying the substrate along a Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction being perpendicular to each other, the engraving method comprising the steps of:
(1) importing a pattern to be engraved in a computer;
(2) preparing a carving stage: carrying out one or more times of simulated carving and pre-carving until the expected carving effect is achieved;
(3) and (3) actual engraving stage: putting the base material to be carved into the feeding mechanism, and starting the feeding mechanism and the carving mechanism to carry out actual carving;
wherein the step (2) comprises:
(2-1) simulation engraving: the simulated carving is carried out in a computer, simulated carving is carried out through a simulated analysis component according to the parameters of the base material to be carved and the pattern to be carved, the effect of the simulated carving is observed,
if the expected effect is not achieved, adjusting the parameters to carry out simulated carving again;
if the expected effect is achieved, sending the simulation data to the engraving mechanism and executing the step (2-2);
(2-2) pre-engraving: the pre-engraving is carried out in the engraving mechanism by adopting a pre-engraving material which is the same as the material of the base material, the area of the pre-engraving material is smaller than that of the base material, the pre-engraving analysis component analyzes whether the engraved pre-engraving material achieves the expected effect or not,
if the expected effect is not achieved, the step (2-1) is executed again after the parameters are adjusted;
and (4) if the expected effect is achieved, executing the step (3).
Preferably, in the step (3), the method further comprises: the carved base material is subjected to quality analysis through a quality analysis unit, analyzed quality data are sent to a problem analysis unit, the problem analysis unit judges whether the quality of the carved base material is qualified or not according to the quality data, and if the quality of the carved base material is qualified, carving is continued; and if the quality data is not qualified, the problem analysis unit analyzes the problems reflected by the quality data and sends the analysis result to the rectification unit, and the rectification unit rectifies and reforms the engraving mechanism and/or the feeding mechanism and then continues engraving.
Further preferably, the modification unit comprises a process modification component for modifying the process problem, and an operation modification component for modifying the operation problem.
Further preferably, the rectification unit sends rectification data to the recording module.
Further preferably, the quality data includes tensile strength of the engraved substrate, breakage, accuracy of engraved pattern.
Preferably, in the step (3), the method further comprises: in the actual engraving process, the tension of the base material to be engraved is detected in real time through the tension detection module, tension data are sent to the tension control module for analysis, and engraving is continued if the tension is unchanged or the engraving is not affected by the tension change; if the carving is influenced by the tension change, the position where the tension change occurs is marked through the marking assembly, the marked position is sent to the tension control module, and the tension control module adjusts the tension of the base material by adjusting the feeding mechanism.
Further preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a frame, and a feeding shaft and a receiving shaft which are respectively rotatably arranged on the frame, the rotation center lines of the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft are parallel to each other and extend along the X direction, two end portions of the substrate along the length direction of the substrate are respectively wound on the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft, the engraving device further comprises a feeding motor for driving the feeding shaft to rotate and a receiving motor for driving the receiving shaft to rotate, and the tension control module adjusts the tension of the substrate by adjusting the rotation speed of the feeding motor and/or the receiving motor.
Further preferably, the tension control module adjusts the tension of the substrate by: when the tension of the base material is overlarge, reducing the rotating speed of the material receiving motor or increasing the rotating speed of the material feeding motor; and when the tension of the base material is too small, increasing the rotating speed of the material receiving motor or reducing the rotating speed of the material feeding motor.
Preferably, the substrate to be engraved is a flexible material.
Preferably, the substrate has elasticity.
Preferably, the width of the base material along the X direction is 1.2-1.6 m.
In some embodiments, the substrate is a large-format cloth such as a wall cloth.
The carving equipment comprises a rack, a feeding shaft and a receiving shaft which are respectively and rotatably arranged on the rack, wherein the rotation center lines of the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft are parallel to each other and extend along the X direction, two end parts of a base material along the length direction of the base material are respectively wound on the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft, the carving equipment further comprises a feeding motor for driving the feeding shaft to rotate, a receiving motor for driving the receiving shaft to rotate, and two encoder rollers arranged on the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft, the carving equipment further comprises a grating detection assembly for detecting the position of the carving mechanism in the X direction, the carving equipment further comprises a tension detection module, and the tension detection module comprises an infrared scanning element for detecting the position of the base material, a first encoder roller and a second encoder roller, The carving equipment further comprises a tension control module which is used for receiving tension data of the tension detection module and analyzing the tension of the substrate and controlling the rotating speed of the feeding motor and the receiving motor, and the tension control module is in signal connection with the tension detection module, the feeding motor and the receiving motor respectively.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, the carving equipment and the carving method for the large-format material have relatively complete problem prevention, problem detection and problem processing mechanisms, can cope with various possible emergency situations of the flexible large-format base material in the transmission and carving processes, and can feed back and adjust problems in real time in the carving process, so that the quality of a carved product is fully ensured. The simulated carving and the pre-carving in the carving preparation stage can prevent various possible problems to the maximum extent before actual carving; in the actual sculpture process, through treating the tension control of sculpture substrate, to the quality detection and the feedback rectification of sculpture substrate, can form one set of complete closed-loop control system, stronger to the reply ability of proruption situation, the work feed is even, be difficult for appearing deformation, and system stability is high, has effectively improved sculpture efficiency and sculpture precision, has reduced manufacturing cost, has promoted product quality to the wasting of resources scheduling problem has been avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an overall engraving process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a tension control method in an actual engraving process according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood by those skilled in the art.
The embodiment provides a carving method suitable for large-breadth materials and carving equipment based on the carving method, wherein a base material to be carved can be a flexible material with certain elasticity, the breadth width is 1.2-1.6 m, and the following description specifically takes wall cloth as an example.
In this embodiment, the carving equipment includes the sculpture mechanism that is used for carrying out laser engraving on the wallhanging along the X direction, is used for conveying the feeding mechanism of wallhanging along the Y direction, and X direction and Y direction mutually perpendicular just all extend along the horizontal direction. Specifically, the engraving mechanism comprises a carbon dioxide laser, a galvanometer driving component and a grating detection component for detecting the position of the engraving mechanism in the X direction, so that the engraving precision of the engraving mechanism in the X direction is ensured.
The feeding mechanism comprises a rack, and a feeding shaft and a receiving shaft which are respectively and rotatably arranged on the rack, wherein the rotation center lines of the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft are parallel to each other and extend along the X direction. The wall cloth is respectively wound on the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft along the two end parts of the wall cloth in the length direction, and the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft can rotate at a constant speed in the same direction at the same rotating speed, so that the wall cloth can be transmitted along the Y direction at a constant speed and can be carved with continuous and uniform patterns by matching with a carving mechanism. In this embodiment, the carving equipment still includes the pay-off motor that is used for driving the pay-off axle rotatory, is used for driving the receipts material motor that receives the material axle rotatory to and two groups locate pay-off axle and receive epaxial encoder gyro wheels of material. The encoder roller is helpful for accurately controlling the rotation angle and the amplitude of the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft. The feeding shaft and the receiving shaft are respectively driven by two motors, the rotating speed can be adjusted in real time according to the actual tension condition of the wall cloth, the wall cloth to be engraved is ensured to be evenly stressed, and the engraving precision is improved.
In cooperation, the carving device also comprises a tension detection module and a tension control module. The tension detection module comprises an infrared scanning element for detecting the specific position of the wallhanging and a tension sensing element for detecting the tension of the wallhanging along the Y direction. The tension control module is in signal connection with the tension detection module, the feeding motor, the receiving motor and the like, so that the tension control module can receive tension data of the tension detection module, analyze tension change conditions of the wall cloth in real time according to the tension data, judge whether tension adjustment needs to be carried out on the feeding mechanism according to an analysis result, and send signals to adjust rotating speeds of the feeding motor and the receiving motor if necessary, so that tension adjustment of the wall cloth is achieved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the carving method includes the following steps:
(1) importing a pattern to be engraved in a computer;
(2) preparing a carving stage: carrying out one or more times of simulated carving and pre-carving until the expected carving effect is achieved;
(3) and (3) actual engraving stage: and (4) putting the wallhanging to be engraved into the feeding mechanism, and starting the feeding mechanism and the engraving mechanism to perform actual engraving.
Wherein, the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(2-1) simulation engraving: the simulated carving is carried out in a computer, simulated carving is carried out through a simulated analysis component according to the parameters of the material, the width, the thickness and the like of the wallhanging to be carved and the pattern to be carved, the simulated carving effect is observed,
if the expected effect is not achieved, adjusting the parameters to carry out simulated carving again until the expected effect is achieved;
if the expected effect is achieved, sending the simulation data to the carving mechanism and executing the step (2-2);
(2-2) pre-engraving: the pre-engraving is carried out in the engraving mechanism by adopting a pre-engraving material which is the same as the material of the wallhanging to be engraved, namely, the pre-engraving material is a small piece of cloth which is the same as the material, the pre-engraving analysis component analyzes whether the engraved pre-engraving material achieves the expected effect or not,
if the expected effect is not achieved, the step (2-1) is executed again after the parameters are adjusted;
and (4) if the expected effect is achieved, executing the step (3).
That is to say, simulation sculpture and carving in advance mutually support, repeat many times, until carving out ideal sculpture effect in advance and can satisfy the operation requirement to avoid various problems that can appear in the actual sculpture in-process in advance, effectively reduced the waste of actual production material, improved sculpture efficiency. And the combined use of the simulated carving further reduces the waste of pre-carving materials and fully saves the cost.
Further, in the actual engraving process in the step (3), the tension of the wallhanging to be engraved is detected in real time through the tension detection module, the tension data is sent to the tension control module for analysis,
if the tension is not changed or the tension change does not affect the carving, the carving is continued;
if the tension change affects engraving, for example, obvious damage occurs, the position where the tension change occurs is marked through the marking assembly, the marked position is sent to the tension control module, and the tension control module adjusts the tension of the wallcovering along the Y direction by adjusting the feeding mechanism (the wallcovering does not have the problem of uneven tension in the X direction), so that the adverse effect of the tension change is eliminated as much as possible. Therefore, the surface tension of the wall cloth can be controlled to be kept constant and uniform, and the problem of deformation of the wall cloth in the engraving process is solved.
The tension control module adjusts the tension of the wallhanging by the following method: when the tension of the wallhanging is too large, the rotating speed of the material receiving motor is reduced or the rotating speed of the material feeding motor is increased; when the tension of the wall cloth is too small, the rotating speed of the material receiving motor is increased or the rotating speed of the material feeding motor is reduced. In this embodiment, receive material motor and pay-off motor collaborative operation, guarantee the homogeneity of work feed in-process, the homogeneity of wall cloth atress and the homogeneity of work feed.
Further, in the step (3), the method further includes: carry out quality analysis to carved wallhanging through the quality analysis unit to the quality data that will analyze out sends the problem analysis unit, and whether the quality of the wall cloth that has carved is qualified according to the quality data judgement of problem analysis unit, and quality data includes the tensile strength of the wall cloth that has carved, the damaged condition, the precision of sculpture pattern etc.. If the quality detection is qualified, continuing to engrave until the engraving is finished; and if the quality detection is unqualified, the problem analysis unit analyzes the problems reflected by the quality data and sends the analysis result to the rectification unit, and the rectification unit rectifies the engraving mechanism and/or the feeding mechanism and then continues engraving. Meanwhile, the rectification unit sends rectification data to the recording module, and rectification records are reserved, so that subsequent further upgrading and adjustment of the carving equipment are facilitated.
In this embodiment, the modification unit includes a process modification component for modifying a process problem and an operation modification component for modifying an operation problem, and can cope with various emergency situations that may occur in an actual engraving process.
So, simultaneously, through carrying out quality analysis to glyptic wallhanging to check out the problem, effectively stopped appearing similar problem again in the follow-up sculpture process and leaded to the sculpture quality of whole batch wallhanging not to close and cause the condition of loss, increase manufacturing cost, avoided the problem of wasting of resources.
In summary, the carving device and the carving method for the large-format material of the embodiment comprehensively improve the prior art, comprehensively improve the reliability and the accuracy of the carving process of the wall cloth from various aspects before, during and after carving, improve the carving efficiency and the carving accuracy by multiple means such as pre-simulation, real-time detection, real-time feedback, intelligent analysis, problem rectification and the like, greatly reduce the occurrence probability of defective goods and reduce the production cost.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An engraving method for large-format materials, the engraving method using an engraving apparatus for laser engraving a substrate to be engraved, the engraving apparatus comprising an engraving mechanism for laser engraving on the substrate along an X-direction, a feeding mechanism for conveying the substrate along a Y-direction, the X-direction and the Y-direction being perpendicular to each other, the engraving method comprising the steps of:
(1) importing a pattern to be engraved in a computer;
(2) preparing a carving stage: carrying out one or more times of simulated carving and pre-carving until the expected carving effect is achieved;
(3) and (3) actual engraving stage: putting the base material to be carved into the feeding mechanism, and starting the feeding mechanism and the carving mechanism to carry out actual carving;
wherein the step (2) comprises:
(2-1) simulation engraving: the simulated carving is carried out in a computer, simulated carving is carried out through a simulated analysis component according to the parameters of the base material to be carved and the pattern to be carved, the effect of the simulated carving is observed,
if the expected effect is not achieved, adjusting the parameters to carry out simulated carving again;
if the expected effect is achieved, sending the simulation data to the engraving mechanism and executing the step (2-2);
(2-2) pre-engraving: the pre-engraving is carried out in the engraving mechanism by adopting a pre-engraving material which is the same as the material of the base material, the area of the pre-engraving material is smaller than that of the base material, the pre-engraving analysis component analyzes whether the engraved pre-engraving material achieves the expected effect or not,
if the expected effect is not achieved, the step (2-1) is executed again after the parameters are adjusted;
and (4) if the expected effect is achieved, executing the step (3).
2. A method of engraving for large format materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the method further comprises: the carved base material is subjected to quality analysis through a quality analysis unit, the analyzed quality data is sent to a problem analysis unit, the problem analysis unit judges whether the quality of the carved base material is qualified or not according to the quality data,
if the product is qualified, continuing to carve;
and if the quality data is not qualified, the problem analysis unit analyzes the problems reflected by the quality data and sends the analysis result to the rectification unit, and the rectification unit rectifies and reforms the engraving mechanism and/or the feeding mechanism and then continues engraving.
3. Engraving process for large format materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rectification unit comprises a process rectification component for rectifying the process problems and an operation rectification component for rectifying the operation problems.
4. Engraving process for large format materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the rectification unit sends rectification data to the recording module.
5. Engraving process for large format materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: the quality data comprises the tensile strength of the engraved substrate, the breakage condition and the accuracy of the engraved pattern.
6. A method of engraving for large format materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the method further comprises: in the actual engraving process, the tension of the base material to be engraved is detected in real time through the tension detection module, the tension data is sent to the tension control module for analysis,
if the tension is not changed or the tension change does not affect the carving, the carving is continued;
if the carving is influenced by the tension change, the position where the tension change occurs is marked through the marking assembly, the marked position is sent to the tension control module, and the tension control module adjusts the tension of the base material by adjusting the feeding mechanism.
7. Engraving method for large format materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: the material feeding mechanism comprises a rack, a material feeding shaft and a material receiving shaft which are respectively and rotatably arranged on the rack, the rotation center lines of the material feeding shaft and the material receiving shaft are parallel to each other and extend along the X direction, two end parts of the base material along the length direction of the base material are respectively wound on the material feeding shaft and the material receiving shaft, the carving equipment further comprises a material feeding motor and a material receiving motor, the material feeding motor is used for driving the material feeding shaft to rotate, the material receiving motor is used for driving the material receiving shaft to rotate, and the tension of the base material is adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the material feeding motor and/or the material receiving motor through the tension control module.
8. Engraving method for large format materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: the tension control module adjusts the tension of the substrate by:
when the tension of the base material is overlarge, reducing the rotating speed of the material receiving motor or increasing the rotating speed of the material feeding motor;
and when the tension of the base material is too small, increasing the rotating speed of the material receiving motor or reducing the rotating speed of the material feeding motor.
9. Engraving process for large format materials according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the base material to be carved is a flexible material, and/or the base material has elasticity, and/or the width of the base material along the X direction is 1.2-1.6 m.
10. An engraving apparatus based on the engraving method for large format materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the feeding mechanism comprises a rack, a feeding shaft and a receiving shaft which are respectively and rotatably arranged on the rack, the rotation center lines of the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft are mutually parallel and extend along the X direction, two end parts of the base material along the length direction of the base material are respectively wound on the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft,
the engraving equipment also comprises a feeding motor for driving the feeding shaft to rotate, a receiving motor for driving the receiving shaft to rotate, and two encoder rollers arranged on the feeding shaft and the receiving shaft, and a grating detection assembly for detecting the position of the engraving mechanism in the X direction,
carving equipment still includes tension detection module, tension detection module is including being used for detecting the infrared scanning component of the position of substrate, be used for detecting the substrate is followed tensile tension sensing element in the Y direction, carving equipment is still including being used for receiving tension detection module's tension data and analysis the tension of substrate just can control pay-off motor with receive the tension control module of the rotational speed of material motor, tension control module with tension detection module pay-off motor receive material motor difference signal connection.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116079243A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-05-09 | 科大乾延科技有限公司 | Meta universe full-system display control system and control method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116079243A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-05-09 | 科大乾延科技有限公司 | Meta universe full-system display control system and control method thereof |
| CN116079243B (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-08-25 | 科大乾延科技有限公司 | Display control system based on laser engraving |
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