CN114289715A - Additive manufacturing tool - Google Patents
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- CN114289715A CN114289715A CN202110303381.0A CN202110303381A CN114289715A CN 114289715 A CN114289715 A CN 114289715A CN 202110303381 A CN202110303381 A CN 202110303381A CN 114289715 A CN114289715 A CN 114289715A
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Abstract
The invention provides an additive manufacturing cutter, which comprises a cutter body, wherein a reinforcing part is compounded at the cutting edge of the cutter body, and the chemical components of the reinforcing part comprise C: 0.01% -1.3%; n is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; si: 0.1% -1.0%; mn: 0.1% -0.8%; co: 15% -35%; (Mo + 0.5W): 10% -28%, and Mo: 2% -20%; less than or equal to 6 percent of Ti, and the balance of iron and impurities. The additive manufacturing cutter can solve the problem of sharpness retention of the cutting edge of the cutter, is low in cost, and is high in toughness and excellent in corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hardware knife and shear manufacturing, in particular to a tool for additive manufacturing.
Background
At present, in the technical field of manufacturing of hardware knives and scissors in China, products such as kitchen knives, scissors and the like are mainly made of stainless steel materials, and the manufacturing process mainly comprises the steps of cutting and stamping the stainless steel plates, carrying out heat treatment, edging and the like. The cutter made of common stainless steel materials has limited hardness and wear resistance, so the sharpness of the cutter is poor.
In order to improve the sharpness of the cutting edge of the cutter, on one hand, the cutter and scissors are more and more manufactured by adopting stainless steel with higher alloy content at home and abroad, such as martensitic stainless steel 9Cr18MoV, and on the other hand, the cutter and scissors are manufactured by adopting stainless steel materials with composite characteristics, such as improved Damascus steel and Japanese multi-layer steel. Although the scheme is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the cutter, the manufacturing cost of the cutter is obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to an additive manufacturing tool, which is used to strengthen a cutting edge of the tool based on an additive manufacturing technology and has a low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the additive manufacturing cutter comprises a cutter body, wherein a reinforcing part is compounded at the cutting edge of the cutter body, and the chemical components of the reinforcing part comprise C: 0.01% -1.3%; n is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; si: 0.1% -1.0%; mn: 0.1% -0.8%; co: 15% -35%; (Mo + 0.5W): 10% -28%, Mo: 2% -20%; less than or equal to 6 percent of Ti, and the balance of iron and impurities.
Further, the chemical components of the reinforcing part comprise, by mass percent, C: 0.01% -0.6%; n is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; si: 0.1% -0.8%; mn: 0.1% -0.6%; co: 15% -30%; (Mo + 0.5W): 15% -24%, Mo: 2% -20%; 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Ti.
Further, the chemical component of the strengthening part is less than or equal to 16 percent by mass.
Further, the chemical component of the strengthening part is less than or equal to 8 percent by mass.
Furthermore, the metal powder is compounded at the cutting edge by adopting an additive manufacturing process to form the strengthening part.
Furthermore, the thickness of the reinforced part compounded at the edge is 1.5mm-3.0mm by adopting an additive manufacturing process.
Further, the remaining thickness of the reinforced part after the edging treatment is more than 1.0 mm.
Further, the additive manufacturing process comprises laser cladding, plasma surfacing or flux-cored wire surfacing.
Further, the cutter body is made of stainless steel materials, and the chemical composition of the cutter body comprises at least 11% of Cr by mass percent.
Further, the cutter body is made of any one of 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 304, 316, 410, 420 and 440 steel grades.
In the invention, the reinforcing part adopts specific chemical components and proportion which are necessary conditions for realizing the wear resistance of the reinforcing part, and the action and the principle of each chemical component are briefly described as follows:
fe. The Co and Mo compound reaction is separated out in a mu-type precipitation hardening mode, the hardness of a matrix is improved and maintained, and the proper content range of Co is as follows: 15% -35%, and the preferred range of Co is: 15% -30%, and the proper content range of Mo is as follows: 2 to 20 percent.
W is an optional element which can partially replace Mo to play a similar role, and the content range of (Mo +0.5W) is suitably 10-28%, preferably the content range of (Mo +0.5W) is 15-24%, and the content range of W is 16% or less, preferably the content range of W is 8% or less.
Ti can provide the function of high-melting-point precipitated and refined grains, and can react with C or N to form a high-melting-point MX precipitated phase to generate the functions of refining grains and improving the wear resistance, wherein M is Ti element, X is C or N element, and C and N are interchangeable within a certain range, in the invention, the proper content range of Ti is less than or equal to 6 percent, the preferable content range of Ti is 0.5 to 6 percent, the proper content range of C is 0.01 to 1.3 percent, the preferable content range of C is 0.01 to 0.6 percent, and the proper content range of N is less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Si is used as a deoxidizer and a matrix-strengthening element, but too high Si causes an increase in the brittleness of the matrix, and therefore, in the present invention, Si is suitably contained in the range of 0.1% to 1.0%, and preferably, in the range of 0.1% to 0.8%.
Mn is added as a deoxidizer to weaken the harmful effect of S, but too high Mn increases the risk of brittleness, and thus, in the present invention, Mn is suitably contained in the range of 0.1 to 0.8%, and preferably suitably contained in the range of 0.1 to 0.6%.
The precipitation hardening alloy of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned set chemical components, the balance being Fe matrix, of course, also includes some unavoidable residual trace elements including O, S, P and the like, and in order to prevent adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the alloy, it is required that the appropriate content range of O is 0.03% or less, the appropriate content range of S is 0.3% or less, and the appropriate content range of P is 0.05% or less.
In addition, in the chemical composition of the present invention, the impurities may further include at least one of Zr, Mg, Al, Cu, Ni, Sn, and Pb, and the total amount of these impurities is not more than 1%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the additive manufacturing cutter is characterized in that the strengthening part selects proper chemical components and proportion to improve the wear resistance, the problem of sharpness maintenance of the cutting edge of the cutter can be solved, the cost is low, and the cutter body material has high toughness and excellent corrosion resistance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an additive manufacturing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a blade portion of comparative example 9Cr18MoV of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a reinforced part according to preparation example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure view of a reinforced part in production example 5 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram comparing wear resistance of various preparation examples of the additive manufacturing tool according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a cutter body; 2. a knife handle;
101. cutting edges; 102. a reinforcing portion.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention relates to an additive manufacturing cutter, which is based on a specific additive manufacturing process, and metal powder is compounded on the whole position of a cutting edge 101 of a cutter body 1 to form a strengthening part 102 for strengthening the strength of the cutting edge 101.
Based on the design concept, the structural schematic diagram of the additive manufacturing tool of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and the additive manufacturing tool includes a tool shank 2 and a tool body 1 connected together, and a reinforced portion 102 is combined at a cutting edge 101 of the tool body 1. It should be noted that the reinforcing portion 102 should be combined with the entire cutting edge 101 of the tool body 1, and the presence or absence of the shank 2 may be determined according to actual needs.
In order to improve the comprehensive performance of the cutter, the metal powder is prepared by a gas atomization powder preparation process, and the metal powder is suitable for an additive manufacturing process on one hand, has high hardness and corrosion resistance on the other hand, and is beneficial to maintaining the sharpness of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter.
As a preferred possible embodiment, the tool body is preferably made of stainless steel and has a chemical composition comprising at least 11% Cr by mass, and in a preferred embodiment, the tool body is made of any one of the steels 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 304, 316, 410, 420 and 440.
The strengthening part is preferably prepared from metal powder prepared by gas atomization powder preparation, and the specific preparation process is as follows:
a. the alloy is filled into a smelting ladle and is powered and heated under the protective atmosphere;
b. after the alloy is melted, continuously heating to 1500-1800 ℃, sampling and analyzing components, and adjusting to a qualified range;
c. starting high-pressure atomizing gas and an emptying fan after the temperature of the alloy melt meets the requirement, enabling the alloy melt to enter an atomizing chamber through a ceramic leak hole at the bottom of a smelting system, converting the alloy melt into metal powder under the action of the high-pressure atomizing gas, and controlling the atomizing flow of the alloy melt to be 10-30 kg/min;
d. conveying the atomized powder to a powder collecting tank body through air flow, and cooling to be less than or equal to 50 ℃.
e. Sieving the cooled metal powder, and taking the part with the diameter of 53-150 mu m for use.
The metal powder prepared by adopting the gas atomization powder preparation process is compounded at the cutting edge of the cutter body through an additive manufacturing process, wherein the additive manufacturing process comprises laser cladding, plasma overlaying or flux-cored wire overlaying, and the laser cladding is preferably performed and adopts 2-6KW of power. The thickness of the strengthening part compounded at the edge is 1.5mm-3.0mm, and the residual thickness of the strengthening part after edging treatment is more than 1.0 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the cutter, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are that the cutter is heated to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then the cutter is aged at 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 4 hours. And after the heat treatment, edging the cutter, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer after edging is more than 1.0 mm.
For a better understanding of the invention, the additive manufacturing tool of the invention will now be described in several embodiments:
the specific preparation of the metal powders of the following examples is as follows:
a. the alloy is filled into a smelting ladle and is powered and heated under the protective atmosphere;
b. after the alloy is melted, continuously heating to 1750 ℃, sampling and analyzing components, and adjusting to a qualified range;
c. after the temperature of the alloy melt meets the requirement, high-pressure atomizing gas and an emptying fan are started, the alloy melt enters an atomizing chamber through a ceramic leak hole at the bottom of a smelting system and is converted into metal powder under the action of the high-pressure atomizing gas, and the atomizing flow of the alloy melt is controlled to be 20 kg/min;
d. conveying the atomized powder to a powder collecting tank body through air flow, and cooling to 50 ℃.
e. Sieving the cooled metal powder, and taking the part with the diameter of 53-150 mu m for use.
Example 1:
table 1: chemical composition of metal powder
| C | Si | Mn | W | Mo | Co | Ti | N |
| 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 15 | 28 | - | 0.05 |
The chemical components of the metal powder for manufacturing the reinforced part 102 are shown in table 1, the material of the cutter body 1 is 3Cr13, the thickness of the cutter body is 3mm, the metal powder is coated on the position of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter body in a laser cladding mode, the laser cladding power is 2KW, and the thickness of an alloy cladding layer is 2.5 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the cutter, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are that the cutter is heated to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then the cutter is aged at 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 4 hours. And after the heat treatment, edging the cutter, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer after edging is 1.5 mm.
The hardness of the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter is HRC 65.
And (3) carrying out corrosion resistance detection on the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter, and soaking the whole cutter in a 5% nitric acid ethanol solution for 24 hours at room temperature, wherein the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter has no point corrosion.
Example 2
Table 2: chemical composition of metal powder
| C | Si | Mn | W | Mo | Co | Ti | N |
| 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 15 | 30 | 3 | 0.005 |
The chemical components of the metal powder for manufacturing the reinforced part 102 are shown in table 2, the material of the cutter body 1 is 1Cr13, the thickness is 3mm, the metal powder is coated on the position of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter in a laser cladding mode, the laser cladding power is 2KW, and the thickness of the alloy cladding layer is 2.5 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the cutter, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are that the cutter is heated to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then the cutter is aged at 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 4 hours. And after the heat treatment, edging the cutter, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer after edging is 1.5 mm.
The hardness of the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter is HRC 65.
And (3) carrying out corrosion resistance detection on the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter, and soaking the whole cutter in a 5% nitric acid ethanol solution for 24 hours at room temperature, wherein the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter has no point corrosion.
Example 3
Table 3: chemical composition of metal powder
| C | Si | Mn | W | Mo | Co | Ti | N |
| 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 16 | 2 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.12 |
The chemical composition of the metal powder used for manufacturing the reinforcing part 102 is shown in table 3, and the material of the cutter body 1 is 316 stainless steel with a thickness of 3 mm. And cladding metal powder at the position of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter in a laser cladding mode, wherein the laser cladding adopts 2KW of power, and the thickness of an alloy cladding layer is 2.5 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the cutter, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are that the cutter is heated to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then the cutter is aged at 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 4 hours. And after the heat treatment, edging the cutter, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer after edging is 1.5 mm.
The hardness of the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter is HRC 64.
And (3) carrying out corrosion resistance detection on the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter, and soaking the whole cutter in a 5% nitric acid ethanol solution for 24 hours at room temperature, wherein the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter has no point corrosion.
Example 4
Table 4: chemical composition of metal powder
| C | Si | Mn | W | Mo | Co | Ti | N |
| 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 8 | 16 | 25 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
The chemical composition of the metal powder used to manufacture the reinforcing part 102 is shown in table 4, and the material of the cutter body 1 is 1Cr13 with a thickness of 3 mm. And cladding metal powder at the position of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter in a laser cladding mode, wherein the laser cladding adopts 2KW of power, and the thickness of an alloy cladding layer is 2.5 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the cutter, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are that the cutter is heated to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then the cutter is aged at 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 4 hours. And after the heat treatment, edging the cutter, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer after edging is 1.5 mm.
The hardness of the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter is HRC 67.
And (3) carrying out corrosion resistance detection on the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter, and soaking the whole cutter in a 5% nitric acid ethanol solution for 24 hours at room temperature, wherein the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter has no point corrosion.
Example 5
Table 5: chemical composition of metal powder
| C | Si | Mn | W | Mo | Co | Ti | N |
| 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 12 | 20 | 15 | 6 | 0.1 |
The chemical composition of the metal powder used to manufacture the reinforced part 102 is shown in table 5, and the material of the cutter body 1 is 2Cr13 with a thickness of 3 mm. And cladding metal powder at the position of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter in a laser cladding mode, wherein the laser cladding adopts 2KW of power, and the thickness of an alloy cladding layer is 2.5 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the cutter, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are that the cutter is heated to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then the cutter is aged at 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 4 hours. And after the heat treatment, edging the cutter, wherein the thickness of the alloy layer after edging is 1.5 mm.
The hardness of the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter is HRC 66.
And (3) carrying out corrosion resistance detection on the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter, and soaking the whole cutter in a 5% nitric acid ethanol solution for 24 hours at room temperature, wherein the alloy layer of the cutting edge 101 of the cutter has no point corrosion.
Example 6
Table 6: chemical composition of metal powder
| Preparation example | C | Si | Mn | W | Mo | | Ti | N | |
| 1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 15 | 28 | - | 0.05 | |
| 2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 15 | 30 | 3 | 0.005 | |
| 3 | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 16 | 2 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.12 | |
| 4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 8 | 16 | 25 | 0.01 | 0.08 | |
| 5 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 12 | 20 | 15 | 6 | 0.1 | |
| 6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 8 | 10 | 25 | 2 | 0.12 | |
| 7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 8 | 10 | 25 | 4 | - | |
| 8 | - | 0.5 | 0.3 | 8 | 10 | 25 | - | 0.12 | |
| 9 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 8 | 10 | 25 | 6.5 | - |
It should be noted that in the process of gas atomization powder preparation, in preparation example 9, the metal liquid is prone to atomization leak blockage, and stable production is difficult.
The chemical composition of the metal powder used for manufacturing the reinforced part 102 is shown in table 6, and each metal powder was respectively coated on the surface of a square sample block of 50mm by 10mm by laser coating with a power of 3KW and a coating thickness of 2.5 mm.
And then carrying out heat treatment on the laser cladding sample block, wherein the specific process parameters of the heat treatment are heating the sample block to 1190 ℃ for quenching, and then carrying out aging and heat preservation for 4 hours at 600 ℃. And performing flat grinding processing on the laser cladding sample block alloy layer after heat treatment, wherein the residual thickness of the processed alloy layer is 1.5 mm.
Next, comparative tests were performed on the reinforced parts 102 of the production examples 1 to 8 in table 6 in the following respects: (1) microstructure after heat treatment; (2) heat treatment hardness; (3) wear resistance.
The general standard alloy steel 9Cr18MoV is adopted as the most comparative example, and the heat treatment system is 1065 ℃ quenching and 200 ℃ tempering.
The comparative results are as follows:
(1) microstructure after heat treatment
The microstructure was analyzed for the reinforced part 102 of production examples 1 to 8. The microstructure of comparative example 9Cr18MoV is shown in FIG. 2, in which on the one hand the carbides are relatively coarse and can reach a size of 10 μm to 30 μm, while being striped in the direction of thermal deformation.
The strengthening part 102 of the preparation examples 1 to 8 precipitates the second phase in a discrete distribution state, the particles are fine and uniformly distributed, the particle size of the second phase is less than or equal to 8 microns, at least 80 percent of the particles are less than or equal to 5 microns, and the second phase is distributed in a fine dispersion mode on a matrix and can generate strengthening effect on the matrix.
Wherein the microscopic views of preparation 1 and preparation 5 are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, respectively.
Preparation example 8 has a grain size significantly coarsened compared to other preparations because there is no retardation of the high melting point MX precipitation against grain growth.
(2) Hardness of
The reinforced parts 102 of production examples 1 to 8 were tested for hardness.
Table 8: hardness tests were carried out after heat treatment of each preparation example, and the measurement results were as follows:
| preparation example | hardness/ |
| 1 | 65 |
| 2 | 65 |
| 3 | 66 |
| 4 | 65 |
| 5 | 64 |
| 6 | 64 |
| 7 | 64 |
| 8 | 63 |
| Comparative example 9Cr18MoV | 60 |
Hardness tests of the reinforced parts 102 of the preparation examples are carried out according to GB/T230.1-2018, and the results show that the reinforced parts 102 and the comparative example can achieve high hardness levels.
(3) Wear resistance
The wear resistance of the laser cladding surface layer alloy is tested by adopting a metal counter-grinding mode, the friction pair is 45# steel, the load is 50kg, and the revolution is 200 r/min. The wear resistance is measured according to the weight loss of the tested material and divided into 10 wear resistance grades, wherein 1 is the worst wear resistance and 10 is the best wear resistance.
The wear resistance of each preparation example and the comparative example is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the alloy prepared by applying the metal powder of the invention has excellent wear resistance, and the precipitation of the MX hard phase improves the wear resistance, and particularly, the No. 5 preparation example shows the most excellent wear resistance under the superposition effect of a large amount of high-hardness MX precipitated phases precipitated from microstructures.
In the description of the present specification, embodiments of the present invention have been given, it is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can combine, replace and modify the features of different embodiments or examples and different embodiments or examples described in the specification without contradiction.
Claims (10)
1. An additive manufacturing tool comprising a tool body (1), characterized in that: the cutting edge (101) of the cutter body (1) is compounded with a strengthening part (102), and the chemical components of the strengthening part (102) comprise C: 0.01% -1.3%; n is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; si: 0.1% -1.0%; mn: 0.1% -0.8%; co: 15% -35%; (Mo + 0.5W): 10% -28%, and Mo: 2% -20%; less than or equal to 6 percent of Ti, and the balance of iron and impurities.
2. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical components of the reinforced part (102) comprise C: 0.01% -0.6%; n is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; si: 0.1% -0.8%; mn: 0.1% -0.6%; co: 15% -30%; (Mo + 0.5W): 15% -24%, and Mo: 2% -20%; ti:0.5 to 6 percent, and the balance of iron and impurities.
3. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 1, the chemical composition of the strengthening portion (102) comprising, in mass percent: w is less than or equal to 16 percent.
4. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 3, the chemical composition of the strengthening portion (102) comprising, in mass percent: w is less than or equal to 8 percent.
5. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the metal powder is compounded at the cutting edge (101) by adopting an additive manufacturing process to form the strengthening part (102).
6. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the strengthening part (102) compounded at the cutting edge (101) by adopting an additive manufacturing process is 1.5mm-3.0 mm.
7. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 6, wherein: the remaining thickness of the strengthened portion (102) after the edging treatment is more than 1.0 mm.
8. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 5, wherein: the additive manufacturing process comprises laser cladding, plasma surfacing or flux-cored wire surfacing.
9. The additive manufacturing tool according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: the cutter body (1) is made of stainless steel, and the chemical components of the cutter body comprise at least 11% of Cr by mass percent.
10. The additive manufacturing tool according to claim 9, wherein: the cutter body (1) is made of any one of 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 304, 316, 410, 420 and 440 steel grades.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115319108A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-11 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Method for manufacturing martensitic stainless steel based on electric arc additive manufacturing and martensitic stainless steel |
| CN116516262A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-08-01 | 中机新材料研究院(郑州)有限公司 | Powder metallurgy material for high-speed dry-cut gear cutter and preparation method thereof |
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