CN114289454B - Perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and method - Google Patents

Perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and method Download PDF

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CN114289454B
CN114289454B CN202210028162.0A CN202210028162A CN114289454B CN 114289454 B CN114289454 B CN 114289454B CN 202210028162 A CN202210028162 A CN 202210028162A CN 114289454 B CN114289454 B CN 114289454B
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hydrolysis acidification
fatty acid
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陈婷
殷峻
何晓铮
王祎凡
冯华军
汪美贞
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Zhejiang Gongshang University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of perishable garbage treatment, in particular to a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device, which comprises a first reactor and a second reactor, wherein a hydrolysis acidification zone, a volatile fatty acid concentration zone and a water recovery zone are sequentially arranged in the first reactor, a water inlet is formed in one side of the hydrolysis acidification zone, and a water outlet is formed in one side of the water recovery zone; a first partition plate and a nanofiltration membrane are arranged between the hydrolysis acidification zone and the volatile fatty acid concentration zone, and a second partition plate and a forward osmosis membrane are arranged between the volatile fatty acid concentration zone and the water recovery zone; the volatile fatty acid concentration zone is communicated with the second reactor through a second pipeline; the water outlet is communicated with the water inlet through a first pipeline. The invention also provides a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation method. The invention utilizes the combination effect of the nanofiltration membrane and the forward osmosis membrane to prepare the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution with high concentration, and the second reactor can efficiently generate methane gas.

Description

Perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of perishable garbage treatment, in particular to a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation method.
Background
Perishable garbage, also known as wet garbage, is mostly produced by kitchens, such as leftovers, melon and fruit skin scraps, vegetable leaves, bones, eggshells, leaves, weeds, and the like. It features high water content and easy decay. The perishable garbage occupies a main part in domestic garbage in China, has the remarkable characteristics of high organic matter content, high water content, high grease, high salt content and the like compared with common domestic garbage, and has very high recovery value. The mixed treatment of the perishable and the common domestic garbage wastes not only wastes resources, but also causes secondary pollution in the collecting and transporting process, and is not beneficial to the treatment and disposal of the final domestic garbage.
The treatment of perishable garbage usually uses technologies such as landfill, compost, anaerobic fermentation, feed and the like, wherein the anaerobic fermentation method is used as a means for recycling organic wastes, the application range is wide, the perishable garbage is subjected to anaerobic treatment without dehydration and other conditioning treatment, and the perishable garbage can be put into an anaerobic reactor only by pulping and then adjusting the solid-to-solid ratio. The anaerobic fermentation of the perishable garbage can utilize organic matters and generate methane gas, and the fermented residue can be used as organic fertilizer. However, the anaerobic fermentation device in the prior art is complex, the related procedures are more, and the occupied area of equipment is large; and the yield of methane is not high, and the resource utilization rate is low.
The retrieved patent CN103695472B discloses a two-phase anaerobic fermentation method for kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: 1) The oil-water separation system is used for separating oil from oil, recovering the separated oil, and conveying the separated waste water together with the kitchen waste conveyed by the spiral conveyor; 2) Crushing and separating 3) hydrolyzing and acidifying; 4) Inputting the garbage slurry after hydrolytic acidification in a hydrolysis tank into a heat exchanger, heating the garbage slurry and then sending the heated garbage slurry into a fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation; 5) Fermenting again, and desulfurizing the methane; 6) And recovering biogas from the biogas residues. The method can effectively avoid the phenomenon that high-concentration organic waste is easy to acidify through anaerobic fermentation. The invention adopts the multifunctional tank integrating gas production, gas storage and desulfurization, thereby improving the gas production efficiency. However, the method has more processes, complex system and large occupied area of equipment.
Patent CN100522851C discloses an anaerobic-aerobic-membrane treatment process for municipal domestic garbage leachate. The combined process sequentially comprises four units, namely a two-stage Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), an immobilized microorganism biological aerated filter (G-BAF), a coagulating sedimentation tank and a nanofiltration membrane, wherein the functions of the units are described in the specification. The combined process is not only suitable for the harmless treatment of the percolate, but also can be applied to the treatment of other wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen, high organic matter concentration and large water quality fluctuation.
Based on the prior art, the invention provides a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device and a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation method, and aims to simplify the treatment process, improve the methane yield and realize efficient recycling treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a perishable rubbish anaerobic fermentation device comprises a first reactor and a second reactor, wherein a hydrolysis acidification area, a volatile fatty acid concentration area and a water recovery area are sequentially arranged in the first reactor, a water inlet is formed in one side of the hydrolysis acidification area, and a water outlet is formed in one side of the water recovery area; a stirrer is arranged in the hydrolysis acidification zone, a first partition plate and a nanofiltration membrane are sequentially arranged between the hydrolysis acidification zone and the volatile fatty acid concentration zone, and a second partition plate and a forward osmosis membrane are sequentially arranged between the volatile fatty acid concentration zone and the water recovery zone; the volatile fatty acid concentration area is communicated with the second reactor through a second pipeline, and a second water pump is arranged on the second pipeline; the water outlet is communicated with the water inlet through a first pipeline, and a first water suction pump is arranged on the first pipeline.
Furthermore, the second reactor is a closed cavity, and a gas outlet is arranged above the second reactor.
Further, set up the draw-in groove on the first reactor inner wall, first baffle and receive during filter membrane imbeds the same draw-in groove in proper order, second baffle and positive osmotic membrane imbed in the same another draw-in groove in proper order.
The invention also provides a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into a hydrolysis acidification area, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage, adding anaerobic sludge, adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification area, starting a stirrer, staying for 10-20 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of the anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate and the second partition plate from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump and the second water pump to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area;
s5, adjusting the pH value in the second reactor, adding methanogen, and staying for 4-8 days to prepare the methane.
Further, the solid content of the perishable waste pretreated in the step S2 is 5% -10%.
Further, the dry basis ratio of the perishable waste to the anaerobic sludge in the step S2 is 5:2-6:1.
further, the speed of the stirrer in the step S2 is 100r/min-200r/min, and the pH value in the hydrolysis acidification zone is 5.5-6.5.
Further, the dry weight ratio of the perishable waste to the anaerobic sludge in the step S2 is 10: and 3, the speed of the stirrer is 150r/min, and the pH value in the hydrolysis acidification zone is 6.0.
Further, the pH value in the second reactor in the step S5 is 6.8-7.2.
Further, the methanogen in step S5 includes methanogen, and the proportion of methanogen in the methanogen is greater than 95%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of arranging a nanofiltration membrane and a forward osmosis membrane in a first reactor, adjusting appropriate stirring speed and pH value by utilizing the combined action of the nanofiltration membrane and the forward osmosis membrane, preparing high-concentration volatile fatty acid concentrated solution between the nanofiltration membrane and the forward osmosis membrane, flowing the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution into a second reactor, adjusting appropriate pH value, adding methanogen with specific content, and efficiently generating methane gas; in addition, the first pipeline is arranged as a backflow pipeline, so that the recycling of filtered water is realized, and the cost of hydrolysis acidification is saved.
(2) The invention realizes fast and high-efficiency two-phase anaerobic treatment in an integrated reactor only by integrated membrane treatment, biological treatment and other processes, can efficiently prepare methane gas only by three procedures of hydrolytic acidification, filtration and microbial reaction, and has the advantages of simple device, convenient use and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
Description of reference numerals:
i-a hydrolytic acidification zone; II-a volatile fatty acid concentration zone; III-a water recovery zone;
1-a water inlet; 2-a stirrer; 3-a first separator; 4-a nanofiltration membrane; 5-a forward osmosis membrane; 6-a second water pump; 7-water outlet; 8-a gas outlet; 9-a first conduit; 10-a card slot; 11-a second separator; 12-a first water pump; 13-a second conduit; 14-second reactor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device, which comprises a first reactor and a second reactor 14, wherein a hydrolysis acidification area I, a volatile fatty acid concentration area II and a water recovery area III are sequentially arranged in the first reactor, a water inlet 1 is arranged on one side of the hydrolysis acidification area I, and the water inlet 1 is arranged at the upper position of the hydrolysis acidification area I; and a water outlet 7 is formed in one side of the water recovery area III. The water outlet 7 is arranged at the lower position of the water recovery area III; a stirrer 2 is arranged in the hydrolysis acidification area I and used for uniformly mixing perishable garbage and anaerobic sludge and increasing reaction efficiency; two clamping grooves 10 are formed in the inner wall of the first reactor, a first partition plate 3 and a nanofiltration membrane 4 are sequentially arranged between the hydrolysis acidification zone I and the volatile fatty acid concentration zone II, and the aperture of the nanofiltration membrane 4 is more than 1nm, preferably 1-2nm; the first partition plate 3 and the nanofiltration membrane 4 are sequentially embedded into the same clamping groove 10; the volatile fatty acid concentration zone II and the water recovery zone III are sequentially provided with a second partition plate 11 and a forward osmosis membrane 5, and the second partition plate 11 and the forward osmosis membrane 5 are sequentially embedded into the same other clamping groove 10.
The volatile fatty acid concentration area II is communicated with the second reactor 14 through a second pipeline 13, and a second water pump 6 is arranged on the second pipeline 13; the water outlet 7 is communicated with the water inlet 1 through a first pipeline 9, and a first water suction pump 12 is arranged on the first pipeline 9.
An upper cover is arranged above the first reactor, the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 11 can be taken out when the upper cover is opened, the second reactor 14 is a closed cavity, and a gas outlet 8 is arranged above the second reactor 14 and used for outputting methane gas.
Example one
The perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device provided by the invention is adopted to carry out the following treatment method on perishable garbage:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into a hydrolysis acidification area I, adjusting water flow of a first pipeline 9 flowing back to the hydrolysis acidification area I, adjusting solid content of the perishable garbage to be 5%, adding anaerobic sludge, and adjusting dry basis ratio of the perishable garbage to the anaerobic sludge to be 5:2; adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification zone to 5.5, starting the stirrer 2, stirring at 100r/min for 20 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 11 from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump 12 and the second water pump 6 to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor 14, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area I;
s5, adjusting the pH value of the second reactor 14 to 6.8, adding methanogens including methane bristle fungus, wherein the proportion of the methane bristle fungus in the methanogens is 96%, and staying for 4 days to prepare methane.
Example two
The perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device provided by the invention is adopted to treat perishable garbage as follows:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into the hydrolytic acidification zone I, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage to be 10%, adding anaerobic sludge, wherein the dry weight ratio of the perishable garbage to the anaerobic sludge is 6:1; adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification zone to be 6.5, starting the stirrer 2, stirring at 200r/min for 10 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 11 from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump 12 and the second water pump 6 to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor 14, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area I;
s5, adjusting the pH value of the second reactor 14 to 7.2, adding methanogens including methane bristle fungus, wherein the proportion of the methane bristle fungus in the methanogens is 98%, and staying for 8 days to prepare the methane.
EXAMPLE III
The perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device provided by the invention is adopted to carry out the following treatment method on perishable garbage:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into the hydrolytic acidification zone I, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage to be 7%, adding anaerobic sludge, wherein the dry weight ratio of the perishable garbage to the anaerobic sludge is 10:3; adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification zone to be 6.0, starting the stirrer 2, stirring at 150r/min for 15 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 11 from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump 12 and the second water pump 6 to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor 14, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area I;
s5, adjusting the pH value in the second reactor 14 to 7.0, adding methanogenic bacteria, wherein the methanogenic bacteria comprise methanoculleus, the proportion of the methanoculleus in the methanoculleus is 97%, and the methane is prepared after the methane stays for 6 days.
Comparative example 1
The perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device provided by the invention is adopted to carry out the following treatment method on perishable garbage:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into the hydrolytic acidification zone I, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage to be 3%, adding anaerobic sludge, wherein the dry weight ratio of the perishable garbage to the anaerobic sludge is 2:1; adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification zone to be 6.0, starting a stirrer 2, stirring at 230r/min for 15 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 11 from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump 12 and the second water pump 6 to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor 14, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area;
s5, adjusting the pH value of the second reactor 14 to 7.0, adding methanogens including methanogens of 80% in the methanogens, and staying for 2 days to prepare methane.
Comparative example No. two
The perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device provided by the invention is adopted to carry out the following treatment method on perishable garbage:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into the hydrolytic acidification zone I, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage to be 15%, adding anaerobic sludge, wherein the dry weight ratio of the perishable garbage to the anaerobic sludge is 8:1; adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification zone to be 6.0, starting the stirrer 2, stirring at 80r/min for 15 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate 3 and the second partition plate 11 from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump 12 and the second water pump 6 to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor 14, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area I;
s5, adjusting the pH value of the second reactor 14 to 7.0, adding methanogens including methanogens of 80% in the methanogens, and staying for 8 days to prepare methane.
Comparative example No. three
The perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device in the prior art is adopted, namely a first clapboard 3, a nanofiltration membrane 4, a second clapboard 11 and a forward osmosis membrane 5 are taken out, a first reactor is a communicated cavity container, and the perishable garbage is treated by the following method:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into a first reactor, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage to be 7%, adding anaerobic sludge, wherein the dry weight ratio of the perishable garbage to the anaerobic sludge is 10:3; adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification zone to be 6.0, starting the stirrer 2, stirring at 150r/min for 15 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, starting a second water pump 6 to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into a second reactor 14, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area;
and S4, adjusting the pH value in the second reactor 14 to 7.0, adding methanogens including methane bristle bacteria, wherein the proportion of the methane bristle bacteria in the methanogens is 97%, and keeping for 6 days to prepare the methane.
The volatile fatty acid concentrations and methane yields obtained in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table one.
Figure BDA0003465216170000071
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The anaerobic fermentation device for the perishable garbage is characterized by comprising a first reactor and a second reactor, wherein a hydrolysis acidification area, a volatile fatty acid concentration area and a water recovery area are sequentially arranged in the first reactor, a water inlet is formed in one side of the hydrolysis acidification area, and a water outlet is formed in one side of the water recovery area; a stirrer is arranged in the hydrolysis acidification zone, a first partition plate and a nanofiltration membrane are sequentially arranged between the hydrolysis acidification zone and the volatile fatty acid concentration zone, and a second partition plate and a forward osmosis membrane are sequentially arranged between the volatile fatty acid concentration zone and the water recovery zone; the volatile fatty acid concentration area is communicated with the second reactor through a second pipeline, and a second water pump is arranged on the second pipeline; the water outlet is communicated with the water inlet through a first pipeline, and a first water pump is arranged on the first pipeline; the second reactor is a closed cavity, and a gas outlet is arranged above the second reactor; the inner wall of the first reactor is provided with a clamping groove, the first partition plate and the nanofiltration membrane are sequentially embedded into the same clamping groove, and the second partition plate and the forward osmosis membrane are sequentially embedded into the other clamping groove;
the perishable garbage anaerobic fermentation device for carrying out anaerobic fermentation on perishable garbage comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating perishable garbage, wherein the pretreatment comprises screening and crushing;
s2, placing the pretreated perishable garbage into a hydrolysis acidification area, adjusting the solid content of the perishable garbage, adding anaerobic sludge, adjusting the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification area, starting a stirrer, keeping the stirrer for 10-20 days, and performing hydrolysis acidification reaction under the action of the anaerobic sludge to obtain hydrolysis acidification supernatant and biogas residues, wherein the supernatant contains volatile fatty acid;
s3, extracting the first partition plate and the second partition plate from the first reactor to prepare a volatile fatty acid concentrated solution;
s4, starting the first water pump and the second water pump to enable the volatile fatty acid concentrated solution to flow into the second reactor, and enabling filtered water in the water recovery area to flow into the hydrolysis acidification area;
s5, adjusting the pH value in the second reactor, adding methanogens for a retention time of 4-8 days, and preparing methane;
the solid content of the perishable garbage subjected to pretreatment in the step S2 is 5% -10%.
2. A perishable waste anaerobic fermentation device according to claim 1, wherein the dry weight ratio of perishable waste to anaerobic sludge in step S2 is 5:2-6:1.
3. a perishable waste anaerobic fermentation device, according to claim 1, wherein the speed of the agitator in step S2 is 100r/min-200r/min, and the pH in the hydrolytic acidification zone is 5.5-6.5.
4. A perishable waste anaerobic fermentation device, according to claim 3, wherein the dry weight ratio of perishable waste to anaerobic sludge in step S2 is 10: and 3, the speed of the stirrer is 150r/min, and the pH value in the hydrolysis acidification zone is 6.0.
5. A perishable waste anaerobic fermentation device, according to claim 1, wherein the pH in the second reactor in step S5 is 6.8-7.2.
6. A perishable waste anaerobic fermentation device, according to claim 1, wherein said methanogens of step S5 include methanogens of which the proportion of methanogens in said methanogens is greater than 95%.
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