CN114286485A - A Miniature Cathodeless X-ray Generator for Space X-ray Detector Calibration - Google Patents
A Miniature Cathodeless X-ray Generator for Space X-ray Detector Calibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN114286485A CN114286485A CN202111611660.XA CN202111611660A CN114286485A CN 114286485 A CN114286485 A CN 114286485A CN 202111611660 A CN202111611660 A CN 202111611660A CN 114286485 A CN114286485 A CN 114286485A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of X-ray tube sources, and particularly relates to a miniature cathode-free X-ray generator for calibrating a space X-ray detector, which comprises: the high-voltage multiplier rectifier comprises a high-voltage transformer (1), a high-voltage multiplier rectifier (2), a miniature cathode-free X-ray tube (3) and a structural shielding box (5); the high-voltage transformer (1) is electrically connected with the high-voltage multiplying rectifier (2), and the high-voltage multiplying rectifier (2) is electrically connected with the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube (3); the high-voltage transformer (1), the high-voltage multiplying rectifier (2) and the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube (3) are all arranged in a structural shielding box (5) and are filled with high-voltage insulating pouring sealant (4) to form a sealing structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of X-ray tube sources, and particularly relates to a miniature cathode-free X-ray generator for calibrating a space X-ray detector.
Background
Ray astronomy is a discipline for physical study of celestial bodies using X-rays. X-rays from celestial bodies are absorbed and attenuated by the earth's atmosphere, and therefore, it is necessary to perform X-ray detection in space by means of a satellite platform. In order to accurately obtain the energy spectrum information of the X-ray from the celestial body, accurate calibration of the X-ray detector needs to be performed in an on-orbit mode, wherein the accurate calibration includes linear calibration, energy resolution calibration, gain calibration of the X-ray detector, change conditions of the parameters along with time and the like.
At present, the calibration of the space X-ray detector mainly depends on a portable radioactive source for calibration, for example, a Proportional Counter (PCA) on a Roche X-ray time-varying detector (RXTE) satellite and a high-energy X-ray time-varying detector (HEXTE) are carried by a Proportional Counter (PCA) and a high-energy X-ray time-varying detector (HEXTE) on a Roche X-ray time-varying detector (RXTE) satellite241Am radioactive source, Am241High-energy X-rays of 59.5keV, 26.35keV, and 13.9keV are emitted during the decay, and therefore,241am is a better choice for calibrating hard X-ray detectors. In addition, the X-ray spectrometer on Chang' e-two satellite in China also carries 1 mu Ci55And the Fe radioactive source is used for monitoring the on-orbit performance change of the X-ray spectrometer.55The Fe radiates Mn-K of 5.899keV in the decay processαRay sum and Mn-K of 6.497keVβRay, these two single energy spectral lines can develop a calibration of the detector gain, linearity and their variation over time. Although the portable radioactive source can meet the calibration requirement of the X-ray detector on the satellite, the radioactive source continuously radiates X-rays in orbit, high background noise is brought to the detector, the quality of scientific data is influenced to a certain extent, in addition, radioactivity is harmful to the health of a human body, and the risk of ionizing damage to non-professionals exists, so that the portable radioactive source on an instrument on the space is strictly controlled, and the X-ray detector on the satellite abandons the in-orbit calibration process in many cases.
Therefore, the calibration of the on-orbit radioactive source of the conventional X-ray detector has certain limitation, and has the problems of large volume, heavy weight, high power consumption and short service life.
In view of the current situation, the invention provides a miniature X-ray closed tube without a cathode, which can provide K-line X-ray of a tungsten target and K-line X-ray of a manganese targetαOr other characteristic X-rays of the target material meet the on-orbit calibration requirement of the space X-ray detector, the miniature X-ray tube does not have an electron emission cathode and generates X-rays depending on leakage currents at two ends of negative high voltage, so that the condition that a cathode wire is blown does not occur, in addition, the miniature X-rays are only electrified to generate X-rays when the calibration requirement is needed, background noise cannot be generated to the detector, and the risk of ionizing damage to non-professional personnel is avoided. Therefore, the invention overcomes the limitation of the on-orbit radioactive source calibration of the existing X-ray detector, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low power consumption, long service life and the like, and can realize the replacement of the on-orbit radioactive source calibration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the invention provides a miniature cathode-free X-ray generator for space X-ray detector calibration, which is a miniature cathode-free X-ray tube, and is a miniature X-ray generator with long service life, low power consumption and serving for space X-ray detector energy spectrum calibration.
The invention provides a miniature cathode-free X-ray generator for calibrating a space X-ray detector, which comprises: the high-voltage multiplier comprises a high-voltage transformer, a high-voltage multiplier rectifier, a miniature cathode-free X-ray tube and a structural shielding box;
the high-voltage transformer is electrically connected with the high-voltage multiplying rectifier, and the high-voltage multiplying rectifier is electrically connected with the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube;
the high-voltage transformer, the high-voltage multiplier rectifier and the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube are all arranged in the structural shielding box and are filled with high-voltage insulating pouring sealant to form a sealing structure; the grounding electrode in the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube penetrates through an opening formed in the structural shielding box, extends outwards from the opening and is connected with the structural shielding box; the high voltage pole in the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube is encapsulated in the high voltage insulation pouring sealant.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the high voltage transformer and the high voltage multiplier rectifier together form a high voltage power supply, and the high voltage power supply is connected to a high voltage pole of the miniature cathode-less X-ray tube.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the high-voltage multiplying rectifier adopts a Cockcroft-Walton circuit form and is in a ladder-shaped structure, and the structure specifically comprises: a first cylindrical capacitor assembly, a second cylindrical capacitor assembly, a plurality of first cylindrical diodes, and a plurality of second cylindrical diodes;
the first cylindrical capacitor assembly and the second cylindrical capacitor assembly are used as the waist of the ladder structure, and the plurality of first cylindrical diodes and the plurality of second cylindrical diodes are used as the cross beams of the ladder structure;
the first cylindrical capacitor assembly and the second cylindrical capacitor assembly are both composed of a plurality of cylindrical capacitors which are stacked and welded together in series; and welding seams of the cylindrical capacitors with equal intervals are formed between the cylindrical capacitors, each first cylindrical diode and each second cylindrical diode are welded on two sides of the welding seam of the cylindrical capacitors in parallel relatively, and each first cylindrical diode and each second cylindrical diode are arranged in a crossed manner relatively.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the miniature cathode-less X-ray tube is a cathode-less X-ray tube suitable for space use, and includes: the device comprises a high-voltage electrode, sealing ceramics, a grounding electrode and a ray target;
the sealing ceramic is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode are respectively arranged at two ends of the sealing ceramic; the high-voltage pole is in a disc structure, and the grounding pole is in an annular structure and is connected with the ground of the high-voltage power supply; the ray target is placed in the annular center of the grounding electrode, and one surface of the ray target plated with the metal film is placed on the inner side of the X-ray tube and is opposite to the high-voltage electrode;
the high-voltage electrode, the sealing ceramic, the grounding electrode and the ray target are brazed together through vacuum, and the atmospheric pressure inside the high-voltage electrode, the sealing ceramic, the grounding electrode and the ray target is 10-1To 10-3Pa;
when the high voltage electrode is connected with the direct current negative high voltage, residual gas in the tube is discharged, and finally electrons are emitted to the ray target to generate X rays.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the high-voltage pole is made of Kovar steel materials, is in a disc-shaped structure with uniform thickness, and has the thickness of 0.5-2 mm.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the sealing ceramic is aluminum oxide ceramic and is used for isolating the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode, and the height of the sealing ceramic is 5-20 mm.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the grounding electrode is made of annular kovar steel materials with uniform thickness, and the thickness of the grounding electrode is within the range of 0.5-2 mm.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the base material of the ray target is a beryllium sheet, any surface of the beryllium sheet is plated with tungsten for generating X rays, and the thickness of the plating layer is more than 0.1 micron; the thickness of the beryllium sheet is more than 0.2 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cathode-free miniature X-ray closed tube can provide K line systems of tungsten targets, K line systems of manganese targets or characteristic X-rays of other targets, meets the on-orbit calibration requirement of a space X-ray detector, is not provided with an electron emission cathode, generates X-rays depending on leakage currents at two ends of negative high voltage, and cannot cause the situation that a cathode filament is burnt out;
2. the miniature X-ray is powered on to generate X-ray only when the calibration is needed, so that background noise can not be generated on the detector, the risk of ionizing damage can not be generated on non-professionals, the limitation of the on-orbit radioactive source calibration of the conventional X-ray detector is overcome, and the on-orbit radioactive source calibration device has the advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption, long service life and the like, and can be used for replacing the on-orbit radioactive source calibration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Cockcroft-Walton high voltage multiplier rectifier in a miniature cathodeless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniature cathode-less X-ray tube in a miniature cathode-less X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. high-voltage transformer 2, high-voltage multiplication rectifier
3. Miniature cathodeless X-ray tube 4, high-voltage insulation pouring sealant
5. Structural shielding box 6 and cylindrical capacitor
7. Welding seam 8 of cylindrical capacitor and first cylindrical diode
9. Second cylindrical diode 10, high voltage pole
11. Sealing ceramic 12, earth electrode
13. Ray target
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a micro cathode-free X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration, and more particularly, to a micro cathode-free X-ray tube for spatial X-ray detector energy spectrum calibration, which can provide K-line X-rays of tungsten targets and K-line X-rays of manganese targetsαOr other characteristic X-rays of the target material meet the on-orbit calibration requirement of the space X-ray detector, the miniature X-ray tube does not have an electron emission cathode and generates X-rays depending on leakage currents at two ends of negative high voltage, so that the condition that a cathode wire is blown does not occur, in addition, the miniature X-rays are only electrified to generate X-rays when the calibration requirement is needed, background noise cannot be generated to the detector, and the risk of ionizing damage to non-professional personnel is avoided. Therefore, the generator overcomes the limitation of the on-orbit radioactive source calibration of the conventional X-ray detector, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low power consumption, long service life, high safety and the like, and can replace the on-orbit radioactive source calibration.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration, comprising: the high-voltage multiplier rectifier comprises a high-voltage transformer 1, a high-voltage multiplier rectifier 2, a miniature cathode-free X-ray tube 3 and a structural shielding box 5;
the high-voltage transformer 1 is electrically connected with the high-voltage multiplying rectifier 2, and the high-voltage multiplying rectifier 2 is electrically connected with the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube 3;
the high-voltage transformer 1, the high-voltage multiplier rectifier 2 and the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube 3 are all arranged in a structural shielding box 5 and are filled with a high-voltage insulating pouring sealant 4 to form a sealing structure; wherein, the grounding electrode 12 in the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube 3 passes through the opening arranged on the structural shielding box, extends outwards from the opening and is connected with the structural shielding box 5; the high voltage electrode package 10 in the miniature cathodeless X-ray tube 3 is encapsulated in a high voltage insulating potting compound 4.
The high voltage transformer 1 modulates the low voltage dc power from the battery or other sources into an ac high voltage power of several hundreds to several thousands volts, and transmits the ac high voltage power to the high voltage multiplying rectifier 2, and the ac high voltage power is further amplified and rectified by the high voltage multiplying rectifier 2 to become a dc high voltage power of more than ten thousand volts, and the dc high voltage power is connected to the high voltage electrode 10 of the miniature cathode-less X-ray tube 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the high voltage multiplier rectifier 2 is in the form of a Cockcroft-Walton circuit, and has a ladder-shaped structure, and the structure specifically includes: a first cylindrical capacitor assembly, a second cylindrical capacitor assembly, a plurality of first cylindrical diodes 8 and a plurality of second cylindrical diodes 9;
the first cylindrical capacitor assembly and the second cylindrical capacitor assembly are used as the waist of the ladder structure, and the plurality of first cylindrical diodes 8 and the plurality of second cylindrical diodes 9 are used as the cross beams of the ladder structure;
the first cylindrical capacitor component and the second cylindrical capacitor component are both composed of a plurality of cylindrical capacitors 6 which are stacked and welded together in series; the welding seams 7 of the cylindrical capacitors with equal intervals are arranged between the cylindrical capacitors 6, each first cylindrical diode 8 and each second cylindrical diode 9 are welded on two sides of the welding seams 7 of the cylindrical capacitors in parallel relatively, and each first cylindrical diode 8 and each second cylindrical diode 9 are arranged in a crossed manner relatively.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to realize miniaturization, the capacitor in the Cockcroft-Walton circuit is a cylindrical capacitor 6, and during welding, each component in the Cockcroft-Walton circuit adopts a layout with a ladder-shaped structure. Two waists of ladder shape structure adopt to establish ties and pile up a plurality of cylindricality electric capacities that the welding mode of selecting for use selects for use, and two waists of ladder shape structure use the same cylindricality electric capacity's number, and weld height keeps equaling, and 6 is cylindricality electric capacity in figure 2, and 7 is the welding seam between the cylindricality electric capacity.
The diode in the Cockcroft-Walton circuit is a cylindrical diode with needle-shaped pins, the cylindrical diode serves as a beam of the ladder-shaped structure of the Cockcroft-Walton circuit, the cylindrical diode is uniformly distributed and parallelly welded along the front surface and the back surface of the waist of the ladder-shaped structure, and the two needle-shaped pins of the diode are respectively welded at the welding seams 7 of the corresponding cylindrical capacitors of the two waists. In fig. 2, 8 is a first cylindrical diode on the front side, and 9 is a second cylindrical diode on the back side, which are arranged in an intersecting manner. The welding ensures the stability of the whole structure of the high-voltage multiplying rectifier under the condition of no circuit board, greatly reduces the volume occupation of a Cockcroft-Walton circuit and realizes the miniaturization. The high-voltage multiplying rectifier increases the stage number according to the requirement of the output high voltage, and the polarity selection of the output high voltage can be realized by changing the grounding mode.
As shown in fig. 3, the illustrated miniature cathodeless X-ray tube 3 is a cathodeless X-ray tube suitable for space use, and includes: a high voltage electrode 10, a sealing ceramic 11, a grounding electrode 12 and a ray target 13;
the sealing ceramic 12 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the high-voltage electrode 10 and the grounding electrode 12 are respectively arranged at two ends of the sealing ceramic 11; the high-voltage pole 10 is in a disc structure, and the grounding pole is in an annular structure and is connected with the ground of a high-voltage power supply; the ray target 13 is placed in the annular center of the grounding electrode 12, and the side of the grounding electrode coated with the metal film is placed on the inner side of the X-ray tube and is opposite to the high-voltage electrode 10;
the high-voltage electrode 10, the sealing ceramic 11, the grounding electrode 12 and the ray target 13 are brazed together through vacuum, and the atmospheric pressure 10 in the high-voltage electrode-1To 10-3Pa;
when the high voltage electrode 10 is connected with a direct current negative high voltage, residual gas in the tube is discharged, and finally electrons are emitted to the ray target 13 to generate X rays.
As shown in fig. 3, the high voltage electrode 10 is made of kovar steel material, and is in a shape of a disk-shaped structure with uniform thickness, and the thickness of the disk-shaped structure is 0.5-2 mm; the high voltage pole 10 needs to be externally connected with a direct current negative high voltage;
the sealing ceramic 11 is alumina ceramic and is mainly used for isolating the high-voltage electrode 10 and the grounding electrode 12, and the sealing ceramic 11 is of a hollow cylindrical structure and has a height of 5-20 mm;
the grounding electrode 12 is made of annular kovar steel materials with uniform thickness, the thickness of the grounding electrode is within the range of 0.5-2mm, and the grounding electrode 12 is connected with the ground of a high-voltage power supply.
The base material of the ray target 13 is a beryllium sheet, any surface of the beryllium sheet is plated with tungsten or other metal materials for generating X rays, and the thickness of the plating layer is more than 0.1 micron; the beryllium piece has a thickness of 0.2mm or more and a diameter determined as required, and is generally larger than 3 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the radiation target 13 is placed in the center of the ring of the grounding electrode 12, and one side of the metallized film is placed inside the X-ray tube and is opposed to the high voltage electrode 10.
The structure shielding box 5 is used for placing a high-voltage transformer 1, a high-voltage multiplying rectifier 2 and a miniature cathode-free X-ray tube 3, high-voltage insulating glue or high-voltage insulating oil is filled in the structure shielding box 5 and used for preventing high voltage from discharging with air or a shielding shell, and the shell of the structure shielding box is made of aluminum alloy or other metals and is connected with a power supply ground.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration, comprising: the high-voltage multiplier rectifier comprises a high-voltage transformer (1), a high-voltage multiplier rectifier (2), a miniature cathode-free X-ray tube (3) and a structural shielding box (5);
the high-voltage transformer (1) is electrically connected with the high-voltage multiplying rectifier (2), and the high-voltage multiplying rectifier (2) is electrically connected with the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube (3);
the high-voltage transformer (1), the high-voltage multiplying rectifier (2) and the miniature cathode-free X-ray tube (3) are all arranged in a structural shielding box (5) and are filled with high-voltage insulating pouring sealant (4) to form a sealing structure.
2. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to claim 1, wherein the high voltage transformer (1) and the high voltage doubler rectifier (2) together form a high voltage power supply, which is connected to the high voltage pole (10) of the miniature cathodoless X-ray tube (3).
3. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to claim 1, wherein the high voltage doubler rectifier (2) is in the form of a Cockcroft-Walton circuit and has a ladder-shaped structure, which specifically comprises: a first cylindrical capacitive component, a second cylindrical capacitive component, a plurality of first cylindrical diodes (8) and a plurality of second cylindrical diodes (9);
the first cylindrical capacitor assembly and the second cylindrical capacitor assembly are used as the waist of the ladder structure, and the plurality of first cylindrical diodes (8) and the plurality of second cylindrical diodes (9) are used as the cross beams of the ladder structure;
the first cylindrical capacitor assembly and the second cylindrical capacitor assembly are both composed of a plurality of cylindrical capacitors (6) which are stacked and welded together in series; the welding seams (7) of the cylindrical capacitors are arranged at equal intervals among the cylindrical capacitors (6), each first cylindrical diode (8) and each second cylindrical diode (9) are welded on two sides of the welding seams (7) of the cylindrical capacitors in parallel relatively, and each first cylindrical diode (8) and each second cylindrical diode (9) are arranged in a crossed mode relatively.
4. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to claim 1, wherein the miniature cathodoless X-ray tube (3) is a cathodoless X-ray tube suitable for spatial use, comprising: a high-voltage electrode (10), sealing ceramics (11), a grounding electrode (12) and a ray target (13);
the sealing ceramic (12) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and the high-voltage electrode (10) and the grounding electrode (12) are respectively arranged at two ends of the sealing ceramic (11); the high-voltage pole (10) is of a disc structure, and the grounding pole is of an annular structure and is connected with the ground of the high-voltage power supply; the ray target (13) is arranged at the annular center of the grounding electrode (12), and the surface plated with the metal film is arranged at the inner side of the X-ray tube and is opposite to the high-voltage electrode (10);
the high-voltage electrode (10), the sealing ceramic (11), the grounding electrode (12) and the ray target (13) are brazed together through vacuum, and the atmospheric pressure in the high-voltage electrode is 10-1To 10-3Pa;
when the high voltage electrode (10) is connected with direct current negative high voltage, residual gas in the tube is discharged, and finally electrons are emitted to the ray target (13) to generate X rays.
5. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to claim 4, wherein the high voltage pole (10) is made of Kovar steel and is shaped as a disc with a uniform thickness, and the thickness is 0.5-2 mm.
6. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to claim 4, wherein the sealing ceramic (11) is alumina ceramic for isolating the high voltage electrode (10) from the ground electrode (12), and the height of the sealing ceramic (11) is between 5 mm and 20 mm.
7. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration according to claim 4, wherein said grounding electrode (12) is made of annular kovar steel material with a uniform thickness, the thickness of which is in the range of 0.5-2 mm.
8. The miniature cathodoless X-ray generator for spatial X-ray detector calibration as claimed in claim 4, wherein the substrate of the radiation target (13) is a beryllium sheet, and either side of the beryllium sheet is plated with tungsten for generating X-rays, and the plating thickness is greater than 0.1 micron; the thickness of the beryllium sheet is more than 0.2 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111611660.XA CN114286485A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | A Miniature Cathodeless X-ray Generator for Space X-ray Detector Calibration |
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| CN202111611660.XA CN114286485A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | A Miniature Cathodeless X-ray Generator for Space X-ray Detector Calibration |
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