CN114285132A - Low-power consumption energy acquisition circuit - Google Patents
Low-power consumption energy acquisition circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-energy collection circuits, in particular to a low-power-consumption energy collection circuit, which solves the technical problems in the background technology and comprises a first energy harvesting unit, a second energy harvesting unit, a first full-bridge rectification circuit, a first electronic switch device, a third electronic switch device, a second electronic switch device, a fourth electronic switch device, a first energy storage capacitor, a first voltage stabilizing circuit, electric equipment, a second full-bridge rectification circuit, a fifth electronic switch device, a seventh electronic switch device, a sixth electronic switch device, an eighth electronic switch device, a second energy storage capacitor, a second voltage stabilizing circuit, a third voltage stabilizing circuit and an energy storage battery; also comprises a monitoring and control circuit. The monitoring and control circuit controls the time duty ratio of the electronic switching device for supplying power to the load to be reduced to the minimum, the energy storage battery is charged in the rest time, the circuit loss is effectively reduced, the electric energy is efficiently utilized, the normal work of the load is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the standby battery can be charged and stored with energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-energy collection circuits, and particularly relates to a low-power-consumption energy collection circuit.
Background
In the modern times, a large number of intelligent portable wearable products emerge, and along with the increase of the number of intelligent electronic products, the power supply problem of the intelligent products becomes a concern. At present, in outdoor activities and outdoor exploration processes, energy supply of electronic products is mostly realized by chemical batteries, and the chemical batteries also present the problems of non-recycling and environmental pollution. The solar power supply mode is adopted in few parts, but the solar power supply is severely limited by the external environment. Therefore, the mechanical energy which has higher energy density, wide distribution, various expression forms, no space-time limitation and easy conversion in the process of supporting the human body to move is provided. However, the efficiency of collecting electric energy generated by driving the alternating current generator by the human body movement transmission gear mechanism is low, and the power consumption of the electric energy collecting circuit is large, so that the electric energy storage capacity is very small. Therefore, how to collect these energy sources efficiently and how to reduce the power consumption of the circuit for collecting these energy sources to the maximum becomes a key problem that must be solved in order to collect these energy sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of how to efficiently collect energy generated by human body operation and how to reduce the power consumption of a circuit for collecting the energy to the maximum extent, and provides a low-power-consumption energy collecting circuit. The power supply of the power generation unit to the load and the on-off of the storage battery charging are controlled by monitoring the load, so that the power consumption of the circuit is reduced to the maximum extent, and the high-efficiency utilization of the electric energy of the power generation unit is greatly improved.
The technical means for solving the technical problems of the invention is as follows: a low-power-consumption energy collecting circuit comprises a first energy harvesting unit and a second energy harvesting unit, wherein the output end of the first energy harvesting unit is connected with a first full-bridge rectifying circuit, the output end of the first full-bridge rectifying circuit is divided into two paths and respectively connected with a first electronic switch device and a third electronic switch device, the output end of the first electronic switch device is divided into two paths and connected with a second electronic switch device and a fourth electronic switch device, and the output end of the second electronic switch device is connected to one end of an electrode of electric equipment through a first energy storage capacitor and a first voltage stabilizing circuit in sequence; the output end of the second energy harvesting unit is connected with a second full-bridge rectifying circuit, the output end of the second full-bridge rectifying circuit is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with a fifth electronic switch device and a seventh electronic switch device, the output end of the seventh electronic switch device is divided into two paths and is connected with a sixth electronic switch device and an eighth electronic switch device, and the output end of the eighth electronic switch device is connected to the other end of the electrode of the electric equipment through a second energy storage capacitor and a second voltage stabilizing circuit in sequence; the output ends of the third electronic switch device, the fifth electronic switch device, the fourth electronic switch device and the sixth electronic switch device are connected in parallel and then connected with a third voltage stabilizing circuit, and the output end of the third voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with an energy storage battery; the monitoring and control circuit is used for collecting the real-time power of the electric equipment and controlling the on-off time of each electronic switch device through the real-time power of the electric equipment.
In the acquisition circuit, the first energy harvesting unit and the second energy harvesting unit are responsible for converting mechanical energy such as vibration, noise and the like in the environment into electric energy, floating energy from the environment and supplying power to a subsequent circuit. The full-bridge rectification circuit is used for converting the three-phase alternating current output by the energy capturing unit into direct current; each electronic switch device is responsible for controlling the on-off of the power supply circuit of the load or the energy storage battery by electric energy; each voltage stabilizing circuit is responsible for converting the direct current converted by the rectifying circuit into proper voltage required by the load. The monitoring and control circuit controls each electronic switch device to control, and the load is ensured to work normally under the state of lowest current. When a human body moves, mechanical energy generated by each body part can be converted into electric energy, and the generated electric energy finally realizes the function of supplying power for intelligent wearing or charging an energy storage battery through the acquisition circuit. The first electronic switching device and the third electronic switching device, the second electronic switching device and the fourth electronic switching device, the fifth electronic switching device and the seventh electronic switching device, and the sixth electronic switching device and the eighth electronic switching device are all in opposite states of disconnection and connection, for example, when the first electronic switching device is connected, the third electronic switching device is disconnected, and when the second electronic switching device is disconnected, the fourth electronic switching device is connected, and the like.
Preferably, the monitoring and control circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer and an AD acquisition module which are connected, the AD acquisition module is responsible for acquiring voltage and current data of the electric equipment, the AD acquisition module is communicated with the single chip microcomputer in real time through SPI communication, the single chip microcomputer finally calculates real-time power of a load through data processing and calculation, and the single chip microcomputer controls each electronic switch device according to real-time power output PWM pulse square waves of the electric equipment. The single chip microcomputer selects the STM32F103 minimum system single chip microcomputer with extremely low power consumption, and an AD acquisition module in the monitoring and control circuit is combined with the single chip microcomputer to perform preliminary acquisition and calculation on the real-time power of the load. When the load power is monitored to be small, the single chip microcomputer controls corresponding pins of the first electronic switch device, the third electronic switch device, the fifth electronic switch device and the seventh electronic switch device to output high and low levels through internal logic and algorithm judgment. For example, the first electronic switching device is controlled to be turned on, and the third electronic switching device is controlled to be turned off; the fifth electronic switching device is turned on and the seventh electronic switching device is turned off. Finally, the first energy harvesting unit continuously supplies power to the electric equipment, the second energy harvesting unit cuts off the path for supplying power to the electric equipment, and the branch for supplying power to the energy storage battery is switched on to charge the energy storage battery.
Preferably, each electronic switch device has the same structure and comprises an N-MOS field effect transistor, in a peripheral circuit of the N-MOS field effect transistor, a gate is connected with a positive electrode of the pulse control end and used for receiving the PWM pulse square wave, the gate is pulled down by a pull-down resistor, a source is connected with a rectified negative electrode, and a drain is used as a negative electrode of the final electric energy output. An N-MOS field effect transistor which is small in on-resistance and easy to manufacture is used as an electronic switch, and the stability of the circuit is improved through a pull-down resistor. For example, when the pulse is input to a high level, the gate-source voltage VGS is greater than the turn-on voltage, the source and the drain of the N-MOS fet are turned on, and the switch is closed and the negative electrode of the output voltage is turned on, that is, the electric energy flows to the branch of the electric device or the branch of the energy storage battery. When the pulse input is low level, the grid-source voltage VGS is smaller than the starting voltage, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the N-MOS field effect transistor are disconnected, namely the switch is disconnected at the moment, the negative electrode of the output voltage for supplying power to the electric equipment is disconnected or the negative electrode branch for supplying power to the energy storage battery is disconnected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims at improving the efficiency of an electric energy acquisition circuit and reducing the loss of the circuit, finally controls the on-off time of an electronic switch device for load power supply and battery charging through a low-power consumption master control system and a power real-time calculation algorithm, provides the least electric energy for the load on the premise of normal work of the load, namely, the monitoring and control circuit controls the time duty ratio of the electronic switch device for supplying power to the load to be reduced to the minimum, and the rest time is used for charging the battery; therefore, the invention can effectively reduce the loss of the circuit, and utilizes the electric energy with extremely high efficiency, thereby ensuring the normal work of the load and simultaneously charging and storing energy for the energy storage battery; has important significance for efficiently collecting micro energy and researching and collecting renewable energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of connection and flow direction of electric energy and control signals in a low-power consumption energy collecting circuit according to the present invention (where a solid line represents electric energy, and a dotted line represents signals).
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of electronic switching devices of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of different electronic switching devices combined to power an energy storage battery and a load.
In the figure: 1. a first energy harvesting unit; 2. a second energy harvesting unit; 3. a first full-bridge rectifier circuit; 4. a first electronic switching device; 5. a third electronic switching device; 6. a second electronic switching device; 7. a fourth electronic switching device; 8. a first energy storage capacitor; 9. a first voltage stabilizing circuit; 10. an electricity-consuming device; 11. a second full-bridge rectifier circuit; 12. a fifth electronic switching device; 13. a seventh electronic switching device; 14. a sixth electronic switching device; 15. an eighth electronic switching device; 16. a second energy storage capacitor; 17. a second voltage stabilizing circuit; 18. a third voltage stabilizing circuit; 19. an energy storage battery; 20. a monitoring and control circuit; 21. and pulling down the resistor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
A low-power-consumption energy collecting circuit comprises a first energy harvesting unit 1 and a second energy harvesting unit 2, wherein the output end of the first energy harvesting unit 1 is connected with a first full-bridge rectifying circuit 3, the output end of the full-bridge rectifying circuit is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with a first electronic switch device 4 and a third electronic switch device 5, the output end of the first electronic switch device 4 is divided into two paths and is connected with a second electronic switch device 6 and a fourth electronic switch device 7, and the output end of the second electronic switch device 6 is connected to one end of an electrode of an electric device 10 through a first energy storage capacitor 8 and a first voltage stabilizing circuit 9 in sequence; the output end of the second energy harvesting unit 2 is connected with a second full-bridge rectification circuit 11, the output end of the full-bridge rectification circuit is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with a fifth electronic switch device 12 and a seventh electronic switch device 13, the output end of the seventh electronic switch device 13 is divided into two paths and is connected with a sixth electronic switch device 14 and an eighth electronic switch device 15, and the output end of the eighth electronic switch device 15 is connected to the other end of the electrode of the electric equipment 10 sequentially through a second energy storage capacitor 16 and a second voltage stabilizing circuit 17; the output ends of the third electronic switching device 5, the fifth electronic switching device 12, the fourth electronic switching device 7 and the sixth electronic switching device 14 are connected in parallel and then connected with a third voltage stabilizing circuit 18, and the output end of the third voltage stabilizing circuit 18 is connected with an energy storage battery 19; the power consumption monitoring and controlling circuit comprises a monitoring and controlling circuit 20, a power consumption monitoring and controlling circuit and a power consumption controlling circuit, wherein the monitoring and controlling circuit is used for acquiring real-time power of the electric equipment 10 and controlling the on-off time of each electronic switch device through the real-time power of the electric equipment 10; the monitoring and control circuit 20 comprises a single chip microcomputer and an AD acquisition module which are connected, the AD acquisition module is responsible for acquiring voltage and current data of the electric equipment 10, the AD acquisition module is transmitted back to the single chip microcomputer in real time through SPI communication, the single chip microcomputer finally calculates real-time power of a load through data processing and calculation, and the single chip microcomputer outputs PWM pulse square waves to control each electronic switch device according to the real-time power of the electric equipment 10; the electronic switching devices are identical in structure and comprise N-MOS field effect transistors, in peripheral circuits of the N-MOS field effect transistors, grid electrodes are connected with positive electrodes of pulse control ends and used for receiving PWM pulse square waves, meanwhile, the grid electrodes are pulled down by pull-down resistors 21, source electrodes are connected with rectified negative electrodes, and drain electrodes serve as negative electrodes of final electric energy output.
In the acquisition circuit, the first energy harvesting unit 1 and the second energy harvesting unit 2 are responsible for converting mechanical energy such as vibration, noise and the like in the environment into electric energy, floating energy from the environment and supplying power to a subsequent circuit, and the electric energy collected by the energy harvesting units is supplied with power in a unidirectional pulse mode because the first energy harvesting unit 1 and the second energy harvesting unit 2 are structurally designed and combined with the characteristic of cyclic reciprocity of human body motion. The full-bridge rectification circuit is used for converting the three-phase alternating current output by the energy capturing unit into direct current; each electronic switch device is responsible for controlling the on-off of the power supply circuit of the load or the energy storage battery 19 by electric energy; each voltage stabilizing circuit is responsible for converting the direct current converted by the rectifying circuit into proper voltage required by the load. The monitoring and control circuit 20 controls each electronic switching device to ensure that the load works normally in the state of lowest current. When a human body moves, mechanical energy generated by each body part can be converted into electric energy, and the generated electric energy finally realizes the function of supplying power for intelligent wearing or charging an energy storage battery through the acquisition circuit. The first electronic switching device 4 and the third electronic switching device 5, the second electronic switching device 6 and the fourth electronic switching device 7, the fifth electronic switching device 12 and the seventh electronic switching device 13, and the sixth electronic switching device 14 and the eighth electronic switching device 15 are all in opposite states of disconnection and conduction, for example, when the first electronic switching device 4 is turned on, the third electronic switching device 5 is turned off, when the second electronic switching device 6 is turned off, the fourth electronic switching device 7 is turned on, and the like. The single chip microcomputer selects the STM32F103 minimum system single chip microcomputer with extremely low power consumption, and an AD acquisition module in the monitoring and control circuit 20 is combined with the single chip microcomputer to perform preliminary acquisition and calculation on the real-time power of the load. An N-MOS field effect transistor which is small in on-resistance and easy to manufacture is used as an electronic switch, and the stability of the circuit is improved through the pull-down resistor 21. For example, when the pulse is input to a high level, the gate-source voltage VGS is greater than the turn-on voltage, the source and the drain of the N-MOS fet are turned on, and the switch is closed at this time, and the negative electrode of the output voltage is turned on, that is, the electric energy flows to the branch of the electric device 10 or the branch of the energy storage battery 19 at this time. When the pulse input is low level, the gate-source voltage VGS is smaller than the turn-on voltage, the source and the drain of the N-MOS field effect transistor are disconnected, which is equivalent to the disconnection of the switch at this time, and the negative electrode of the output voltage for supplying power to the electrical device 10 is disconnected or the negative electrode branch for supplying power to the energy storage battery 19 is disconnected.
When the load power is monitored to be small, the single chip microcomputer controls corresponding pins of the first electronic switch device 4, the third electronic switch device 5, the fifth electronic switch device 12 and the seventh electronic switch device 13 to output high and low levels through internal logic and algorithm judgment. For example, the first electronic switching device 4 is controlled to be turned on, and the third electronic switching device 5 is controlled to be turned off; the fifth electronic switching device 12 is switched on and the seventh electronic switching device 13 is switched off. Finally, the first energy harvesting unit 1 continuously supplies power to the electric equipment 10, the second energy harvesting unit 2 cuts off the power supply path of the electric equipment 10, and the branch for supplying power to the energy storage battery 19 is switched on to charge the energy storage battery 19. The electric energy collected by the second energy harvesting unit 2 charges the energy storage battery 19, and the electric energy of the first energy harvesting unit 1 passes through the second electronic switch device 6 and the fourth electronic switch device 7 after passing through the first electronic switch device 4. At this time, the AD acquisition circuit and the low power consumption STM32F103 single chip microcomputer in the monitoring and control circuit 20 acquire and calculate the real-time power of the electric device 10 again. If the load power is still small at the moment, the singlechip can control the pins of the second electronic switching device 6 and the fourth electronic switching device 7 to output two paths of pulse complementary square waves with specially matched high and low levels by combining the load power and the discharge time of the energy storage capacitor through an intelligent algorithm. I.e. when the square wave signal controlling the second electronic switching device 6 is at a high level, the square wave signal controlling the fourth electronic switching device is at a low level. The two paths of signals are always opposite in state. At this time, the second electronic switching device 6 is turned on and the fourth electronic switching device 7 is turned off.
In the square wave duty ratio output control calculation algorithm, the following parameters are involved:
(1) real-time power of powered device 10;
(2) the discharge time of the energy storage capacitor for the current consumer 10;
(3) for duty ratio pulse control at the previous moment, charging voltage of the capacitor at the moment is charged, so that the charging time of the capacitor at the moment can be calculated;
the monitoring and control circuit 20 finally outputs a specific pulse square wave with a duty ratio which can change in real time along with the electric equipment 10 by comprehensively calculating the charging and discharging time of the capacitor and the real-time power of the electric equipment 10, so that the electric equipment 10 can work normally and the energy storage battery 19 can be charged.
After passing through the second electronic switching device 6, the electrical energy passes through the first energy storage capacitor 8. The second electronic switching device 6 and the fourth electronic switching device 7 are controlled by pulse type square wave control, so that the electric energy at the moment is intermittent electric energy. Therefore, the first energy storage capacitor 8 is used for charging the energy storage capacitor and supplying power to the subsequent electric equipment 10 when the square wave is at a high level; when the pulse type square wave is at a low level, the energy storage capacitor discharges to supply power to a subsequent load, and the subsequent load can continuously work.
In the scheme, the electric energy flow direction branches are preliminarily selected through the first electronic switching devices, the third electronic switching devices, the fifth electronic switching devices and the seventh electronic switching devices, and then the electric energy is subjected to differential flow selection for the second time at the second electronic switching devices, the fourth electronic switching devices, the sixth electronic switching devices and the eighth electronic switching devices. The pulse type square wave control enables electric energy to be effectively shunted, unnecessary loss of high voltage on the voltage stabilizing circuit is greatly reduced, loss of the circuit is reduced, and collection efficiency of the energy collection circuit is improved.
Fig. 3 depicts a schematic diagram of the design of the electronic switching device portion in the circuit as a whole. The energy harvesting unit outputs direct current with higher voltage after passing through the rectifying circuit, first electric energy shunt is firstly carried out on the negative pole of the direct current, one branch is directly used for charging and supplying power for the energy storage battery 19 after the first-step electric energy shunt branch, and second electric energy shunt is carried out on the other branch. The secondary power splitting is to make more accurate and efficient use of the power. The load is guaranteed to be powered by the minimum electric energy on the premise of normal work. After the second shunting, one branch supplies power to the energy storage battery 19, and the other branch supplies power to the load after passing through the energy storage capacitor and then being stabilized to a proper voltage through the voltage stabilizing circuit. The energy storage capacitor has the effect that the intermittent electric energy provided for the load after the secondary electric energy is shunted can still enable the load to continuously work through continuous charging and discharging of the capacitor. The average voltage reaching the voltage stabilizing circuit is reduced by the shunting of the electric energy, so that the loss of a large amount of electric energy on the voltage stabilizing circuit is avoided, the power consumption of the circuit is reduced, and the efficiency of energy collection is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The low-power-consumption energy collection circuit is characterized by comprising a first energy harvesting unit (1) and a second energy harvesting unit (2), wherein the output end of the first energy harvesting unit (1) is connected with a first full-bridge rectification circuit (3), the output end of the first full-bridge rectification circuit (3) is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with a first electronic switch device (4) and a third electronic switch device (5), the output end of the first electronic switch device (4) is divided into two paths and is connected with a second electronic switch device (6) and a fourth electronic switch device (7), and the output end of the second electronic switch device (6) is connected to one end of an electrode of electric equipment (10) through a first energy storage capacitor (8) and a first voltage stabilizing circuit (9) in sequence; the output end of the second energy harvesting unit (2) is connected with a second full-bridge rectification circuit (11), the output end of the second full-bridge rectification circuit (11) is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with a fifth electronic switch device (12) and a seventh electronic switch device (13), the output end of the seventh electronic switch device (13) is divided into two paths and is connected with a sixth electronic switch device (14) and an eighth electronic switch device (15), and the output end of the eighth electronic switch device (15) is connected to the other end of the electrode of the electric equipment (10) through a second energy storage capacitor (16) and a second voltage stabilizing circuit (17) in sequence; the output ends of the third electronic switch device (5), the fifth electronic switch device (12), the fourth electronic switch device (7) and the sixth electronic switch device (14) are connected in parallel and then connected with a third voltage stabilizing circuit (18), and the output end of the third voltage stabilizing circuit (18) is connected with an energy storage battery (19); the power consumption monitoring and controlling system further comprises a monitoring and controlling circuit (20) which is used for collecting the real-time power of the electric equipment (10) and controlling the on-off time of each electronic switch device through the real-time power of the electric equipment (10).
2. The low-power-consumption energy collection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and control circuit (20) comprises a single chip microcomputer and an AD collection module which are connected, the AD collection module is responsible for collecting voltage and current data of the electric equipment (10), the AD collection module is transmitted back to the single chip microcomputer in real time through SPI communication, the single chip microcomputer finally calculates real-time power of a load through data processing and calculation, and the single chip microcomputer outputs PWM pulse square waves to control each electronic switching device according to the real-time power of the electric equipment (10).
3. The low-power consumption energy acquisition circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each electronic switching device has the same structure and comprises an N-MOS field effect transistor, and in a peripheral circuit of the N-MOS field effect transistor, a gate is connected with a positive electrode of a pulse control terminal for receiving a PWM pulse square wave, and is pulled down by a pull-down resistor (21), a source is connected with a rectified negative electrode, and a drain is used as a negative electrode of a final electric energy output.
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