CN114284508A - Micro-fluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes as flow-through electrodes - Google Patents

Micro-fluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes as flow-through electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114284508A
CN114284508A CN202111454048.6A CN202111454048A CN114284508A CN 114284508 A CN114284508 A CN 114284508A CN 202111454048 A CN202111454048 A CN 202111454048A CN 114284508 A CN114284508 A CN 114284508A
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flow
cathode
anode
fuel
solution
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CN202111454048.6A
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刘春梅
高燕均
孙灿兴
姜朋飞
刘靖洁
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

A microfluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes is provided, which comprises a cover plate and a bottom plate, wherein a main flow channel is arranged on the bottom plate, a flow-through anode and a flow-through cathode are arranged in the main flow channel at intervals, a catalyst is loaded on the flow-through anode, the flow-through cathode is not loaded with the catalyst, a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a waste liquid outlet are arranged on the cover plate or the bottom plate, the fuel inlet is positioned at one side of the flow-through anode, which is far away from the flow-through cathode, so that a fuel solution can flow into the main flow channel and enter the flow-through anode, the oxidant inlet is positioned between the flow-through anode and the flow-through cathode, and the waste liquid outlet is positioned at one side of the flow-through cathode, which is far away from the flow-through anode, so that the oxidant solution can flow into the main flow channel and be mixed with the fuel solution, then enter the flow-through cathode and be discharged from the waste liquid outlet. The invention improves the application range of the microfluid fuel cell, can avoid the back diffusion of the oxidant solution to the anode, improves the utilization rate of the fuel solution and improves the discharge performance of the cell.

Description

Micro-fluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes as flow-through electrodes
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microfluid fuel cells, in particular to a microfluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes which are flow passing electrodes.
Background
With the rapid development of the mobile internet technology, a great number of portable electronic devices emerge, and higher requirements are put on the miniature power supply: high energy density, miniaturized volume, continuous operation for a long time, and the like. At present, most of microelectronic devices use lithium ion batteries as power sources, but the microelectronic devices have the problems of low energy density, incapability of long-term continuous operation and the like, so that the microelectronic devices cannot meet the increasingly high energy requirements of the electronic devices. The micro fuel cell based on the proton exchange membrane is taken as a novel portable power supply, has the advantages of environmental friendliness, convenience, durability, high mass transfer speed, high energy density and the like, benefits from the development of a micro processing technology, naturally separates an oxidant and a fuel by utilizing the property that fluid forms stable parallel laminar flow in a micro channel, removes the proton exchange membrane in the traditional micro fuel cell, eliminates the problems of membrane degradation, high cost and the like caused by the membrane, and is favorable for realizing the requirements of micro fuel cell miniaturization and integration.
In a common microfluidic fuel cell structure, high-concentration fuel is adopted, so that the fuel permeates to a cathode, and the permeated fuel reacts under the action of a cathode catalyst to generate parasitic current, so that the fuel utilization rate is low, and the cell performance is low.
Electrode structures in microfluidic fuel cells are mainly of the flow-through and flow-through type. The flow-through type electrode, i.e. the reaction liquid, flows through the surface of the electrode, and the flow-through type electrode, i.e. the reactant, flows through the inside of the electrode, so that the internal area of the electrode can be fully utilized, and the performance of the battery is greatly improved.
In chinese patent CN110459789A, "single-stranded electrolyte microfluidic fuel cell arranged downstream of cathode and anode", the structure of the conventional microfluidic fuel cell is adopted, the air self-breathing cathode used in the microfluidic fuel cell is composed of hydrophobic carbon paper, leveling layer and Pt catalyst layer, the solution does not flow into the cathode, but flows through the surface of the cathode, the permeable porous anode used in the microfluidic fuel cell is composed of hydrophilic carbon paper and Pd catalyst layer, the solution directly flows into the anode, the penetrating cathode and the penetrating anode are arranged downstream in the main flow channel, the penetrating cathode is located at the upstream position of the main flow channel, and the penetrating anode is closer to the tail outlet of the main flow channel.
The invention has the same working principle as most microfluid fuel cells, adopts oxygen as an oxidant component of cathode reaction, conveys oxygen and electrolyte from the upstream of a main flow channel to a penetrating cathode, reacts under the action of a catalyst of the penetrating cathode to generate hydroxyl ions, then the solution flowing through the surface of the penetrating cathode is converged with the fuel solution in the main flow channel and then enters a penetrating anode, the fuel solution reacts under the action of the catalyst of the penetrating anode to combine the hydroxyl ions and generate electrons, and the electrons move through an external circuit which is in closed communication with the cathode and the anode, so that electric energy can be provided for the outside. In the actual working process, if the fuel solution flows to the through type cathode, the fuel solution reacts under the action of the catalyst, the reaction process of the through type cathode is influenced, and the problem of fuel permeation is caused.
Such prior art microfluidic fuel cells described above still suffer from a number of deficiencies. First, the conventional self-breathing microfluidic fuel cell using oxygen as a cathode catalyst is difficult to use in an oxygen-deficient or oxygen-deficient environment, which limits the application range of the microfluidic fuel cell.
Secondly, in the existing microfluidic fuel cell using oxygen as an oxidant, since gaseous oxygen directly participates in the cathode reduction reaction, the cathode electrode can only adopt a through-type structure electrode, the internal area of the electrode cannot be fully utilized, and since the reaction activity of oxygen is limited, the reaction can be fully performed under the action of a catalyst, so that the cathode must be loaded with the catalyst, the manufacturing cost of the cell is increased, and the manufacturing process is also complicated.
Thirdly, although the conventional microfluidic fuel cell can prevent the fuel solution from flowing to the cathode by controlling the flow rate to avoid fuel permeation, because the structure that the cathode is located at the upstream position of the main flow channel and the anode is closer to the tail outlet of the main flow channel is adopted, the electrolyte containing oxygen and the fuel solution are mixed and then inevitably flow into the flow-through anode, the electrolyte containing oxygen can react in the flow-through anode under the action of the catalyst, the reaction process of the fuel solution in the flow-through anode is influenced, the problem of back diffusion of an oxidant is generated, the waste of the fuel solution is caused, and the discharge performance of the cell is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior microfluid fuel cell, the invention provides a microfluid fuel cell with the cathode and the anode both of which are flow-through electrodes and are arranged in sequence.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a microfluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes is provided, which comprises a cover plate and a bottom plate, wherein a main flow channel for solution to flow is arranged on the bottom plate, a flow-through anode and a flow-through cathode are arranged in the main flow channel at intervals, the flow-through anode and the flow-through cathode are permeable porous electrodes for the solution to flow through, a catalyst is loaded on the flow-through anode, the flow-through cathode is not loaded with the catalyst, a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a waste liquid outlet which are communicated with the main flow channel are arranged on the cover plate or the bottom plate, the fuel inlet is arranged on one side of the flow-through anode far away from the flow-through cathode, so that the fuel solution can flow into the main flow channel and enter the flow-through anode, the oxidant inlet is arranged between the flow-through anode and the flow-through cathode, the waste liquid outlet is arranged on one side of the flow-through cathode far away from the flow-through anode, so that the oxidant solution can flow into the main flow channel and be mixed with the fuel solution flowing out from the flow-through anode, then enters the flow-through cathode and is discharged from a waste liquid outlet.
Preferably, the flow-through anode is made of hydrophilic carbon paper and a Pd catalyst layer.
Preferably, the flow-through cathode is made of hydrophilic carbon paper.
Preferably, the cover plate and the bottom plate are both strip-shaped, and the fuel inlet, the oxidant inlet and the waste liquid outlet are arranged on the cover plate at intervals along the length direction of the main flow channel.
Preferably, the cover plate and the base plate are made of a corrosion-resistant material.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention changes the prior adopted penetration type cathode into the penetration type cathode, and introduces oxidant solution into the main flow passage through the oxidant inlet, so that the oxidant solution enters the penetration type cathode for reaction, and oxygen is not used as the oxidant component of the cathode reaction any more, so that the microfluid fuel cell can be used in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-less environment, and the application range of the microfluid fuel cell is expanded.
2. Because oxygen is changed into a liquid oxidant with stronger reaction activity, and the liquid oxidant solution can also carry out cathode reduction reaction under the action of no catalyst, the invention omits the catalyst which is necessarily loaded by the existing penetrating cathode, adopts the penetrating type cathode without the catalyst, not only can reduce the manufacturing cost of the microfluid fuel cell, but also can simplify the manufacturing process of the microfluid fuel cell, and the penetrating type cathode can more fully utilize the internal area of the electrode than the penetrating type cathode.
3. The invention changes the structure that the cathode of the prior microfluid fuel cell is positioned at the upstream position of the main flow channel, the anode is closer to the tail outlet of the main flow channel, and the waste liquid outlet is arranged at the side closer to the flow-through type cathode and relatively far away from the flow-through type anode, so that the flowing direction of the solution in the main flow channel is that the fuel solution firstly flows into the flow-through type anode, flows out from the flow-through type anode, then is converged with the oxidant solution, then flows into the flow-through type cathode, and finally is discharged from the waste liquid outlet. The structure ensures that part of the fuel solution inevitably flows into the flow-through cathode, but because the catalyst is not loaded on the flow-through cathode, the fuel solution can not react on the flow-through cathode, but only react on the flow-through anode loaded with the catalyst, so the fuel solution can not affect the reaction process of the flow-through cathode, and the problem of fuel permeation can be thoroughly avoided.
Moreover, the invention can control the flow of the fuel solution and the oxidant solution, so that the speed of the fuel solution flowing into the main flow passage is higher than the speed of the oxidant solution flowing into the main flow passage, the fuel solution and the oxidant solution can flow to the flow-through type cathode continuously after being converged, the condition that the oxidant solution flows backwards to the flow-through type anode can not occur, the oxidant solution can not react in the flow-through type anode, and the reaction process of the fuel solution in the flow-through type anode can not be influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic view of a microfluidic fuel cell of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a front view of a microfluidic fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a microfluidic fuel cell of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises a cover plate, 2, a bottom plate, 3, a fuel inlet, 4, an oxidant inlet, 5, a waste liquid outlet, 6, a flow-through anode, 7, a flow-through cathode, 8 and a main flow channel.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, the specific embodiments are as follows:
a microfluid fuel cell with cathode and anode both being flow-through type electrodes and arranged in sequence comprises a cover plate 1 and a bottom plate 2, wherein a main flow channel 8 for solution to flow is arranged on the bottom plate 2, a flow-through type anode 6 and a flow-through type cathode 7 are arranged in the main flow channel 8 at intervals, the flow-through type anode 6 and the flow-through type cathode 7 are both permeable porous electrodes capable of allowing solution to flow through the flow-through type anode 6, a catalyst is loaded on the flow-through type anode 6, the flow-through type anode is made of hydrophilic carbon paper and a Pd catalyst layer, the hydrophilic carbon paper is used as a substrate, and Pd is deposited in the three-dimensional flow-through type carbon paper through electrochemistry; the flow-through cathode 7 is not supported by a catalyst and is made of hydrophilic carbon paper.
The cover plate 1 or the bottom plate 2 is provided with a fuel inlet 3, an oxidant inlet 4 and a waste liquid outlet 5 which are communicated with the main flow channel 8, the fuel inlet 3 is positioned on one side of the flow-through anode 6 far away from the flow-through cathode 7, so that a fuel solution can flow into the main flow channel 8 and enter the flow-through anode 6, the oxidant inlet 4 is positioned between the flow-through anode 6 and the flow-through cathode 7, and the waste liquid outlet 5 is positioned on one side of the flow-through cathode 7 far away from the flow-through anode 6, so that the oxidant solution can flow into the main flow channel 8 and be mixed with the fuel solution flowing out of the flow-through anode 6, and then enter the flow-through cathode 7 and be discharged from the waste liquid outlet 5.
As shown in the figure, the cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 2 are both strip-shaped, and the fuel inlet 3, the oxidant inlet 4 and the waste liquid outlet 5 are arranged on the cover plate 1 at intervals along the length direction of the main flow channel 8. The cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 2 are both made of corrosion-resistant materials, if organic glass is adopted, the fuel inlet 3, the oxidant inlet 4 and the waste liquid outlet 5 can be machined by a laser cutting machine, the depth of a main flow channel 8 on the bottom plate 2 is 0.15mm, the flow-through anode 6 and the flow-through cathode 7 are both embedded in the main flow channel 8, and the distance between the flow-through anode 6 and the flow-through cathode 7 is 12 mm.
When the cell works, a fuel solution and an oxidant solution are respectively introduced into the main flow channel 8 through the fuel inlet 3 and the oxidant inlet 4, the speed of the fuel solution flowing into the main flow channel 8 is controlled to be larger than the speed of the oxidant solution flowing into the main flow channel 8, the fuel solution can flow into the flow-through anode 6 firstly, the reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst of the flow-through anode 6, hydroxyl ions are combined to generate electrons, and the electrons move through an external circuit which is communicated with the cathode and the anode in a closed mode, so that electric energy can be provided for the outside.
The reacted fuel solution flows out from the flow-through anode 6 and joins with the oxidant solution, and due to the flow velocity relationship of the two, the mixed solution flows into the flow-through cathode 7, so that the oxidant solution is prevented from reversely diffusing to the flow-through anode 6. Since the flow-through cathode 7 is not loaded with a catalyst, the fuel solution does not react at the flow-through cathode 7, so as to avoid fuel permeation, and the oxidant solution can fully react at the flow-through cathode 7 without a catalyst to generate hydroxyl ions.
The reactions involved in the cathode and anode of the present invention are as follows:
and (3) anode reaction: HCOO-+3OH- → CO3 2-+2H2O+2e- E0=-1.05V vs SHE
And (3) cathode reaction: [ Fe (CN)6]3-+e- → [Fe(CN)6]4- E0=0.36V vs SHE
The fuel solution of the invention can adopt a sodium formate solution, and the oxidant solution can adopt a potassium ferricyanide solution, so that the microfluid fuel cell can work in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-less environment, and the application range of the microfluid fuel cell is widened.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a negative and positive pole is current-passing type electrode and the microfluid fuel cell who arranges in proper order, includes apron (1) and bottom plate (2), is equipped with on bottom plate (2) and supplies the mainstream way (8) that solution flows, its characterized in that: the flow-through anode and the flow-through cathode are arranged in the main flow channel (8) at intervals, the flow-through anode (6) and the flow-through cathode (7) are permeable porous electrodes through which a solution can flow from the inside of the flow-through anode and the flow-through cathode, a catalyst is loaded on the flow-through anode (6), the flow-through cathode (7) is not loaded with the catalyst, a fuel inlet (3), an oxidant inlet (4) and a waste liquid outlet (5) which are communicated with the main flow channel (8) are formed in the cover plate (1) or the bottom plate (2), the fuel inlet (3) is positioned on one side of the flow-through anode (6) far away from the flow-through cathode (7), so that the fuel solution can flow into the main flow channel (8) and enter the flow-through anode (6), the oxidant inlet (4) is positioned between the flow-through anode (6) and the flow-through cathode (7), the waste liquid outlet (5) is positioned on one side of the flow-through cathode (7) far away from the flow-through anode (6), the oxidant solution is enabled to flow into the main flow channel (8) and mixed with the fuel solution flowing out of the flow-through anode (6), and then enters the flow-through cathode (7) and is discharged from the waste liquid outlet (5).
2. A microfluidic fuel cell in which both the cathode and the anode are flow-through electrodes and are arranged in sequence according to claim 1, wherein: the flow-through type anode (6) is made of hydrophilic carbon paper and a Pd catalyst layer.
3. A microfluidic fuel cell in which both the cathode and the anode are flow-through electrodes and are arranged in sequence according to claim 1, wherein: the flow-through cathode (7) is made of hydrophilic carbon paper.
4. A microfluidic fuel cell in which both the cathode and the anode are flow-through electrodes and are arranged in sequence according to claim 1, wherein: the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (2) are both in a strip shape, and the fuel inlet (3), the oxidant inlet (4) and the waste liquid outlet (5) are arranged on the cover plate (1) at intervals along the length direction of the main flow channel (8).
5. A microfluidic fuel cell in which both the cathode and the anode are flow-through electrodes and are arranged in sequence according to claim 1, wherein: the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (2) are both made of corrosion-resistant materials.
CN202111454048.6A 2021-12-02 2021-12-02 Micro-fluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes as flow-through electrodes Withdrawn CN114284508A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111454048.6A CN114284508A (en) 2021-12-02 2021-12-02 Micro-fluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes as flow-through electrodes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111454048.6A CN114284508A (en) 2021-12-02 2021-12-02 Micro-fluid fuel cell with sequentially arranged cathodes and anodes as flow-through electrodes

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CN114284508A true CN114284508A (en) 2022-04-05

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