CN110534751B - Stack type passive paper-based micro-fluid fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode - Google Patents
Stack type passive paper-based micro-fluid fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode Download PDFInfo
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- CN110534751B CN110534751B CN201910832900.5A CN201910832900A CN110534751B CN 110534751 B CN110534751 B CN 110534751B CN 201910832900 A CN201910832900 A CN 201910832900A CN 110534751 B CN110534751 B CN 110534751B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/083—Alkaline fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode, which comprises an air self-breathing cathode, an electrolyte flow channel, a fuel flow channel, an anode and a bottom plate, wherein the air self-breathing cathode is connected with the electrolyte flow channel; the method is characterized in that: the electrolyte flow channel and the fuel flow channel are formed by stacking double layers or multiple layers of paper bases, and a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of paper bases to serve as a flow channel of electrolyte or fuel; the electrolyte flow channel is positioned above the fuel flow channel; the air self-breathing cathode and the anode are oppositely arranged along the vertical direction, and the air self-breathing cathode is arranged above the electrolyte flow channel and is in contact with the electrolyte flow channel; the air self-breathing cathode is composed of a hydrophobic porous electrode, and a catalytic layer is arranged at the part in contact with the electrolyte flow channel; the anode is embedded into the fuel flow channel along the horizontal direction and forms a wedge-shaped gap with the fuel flow channel; the anode is composed of hydrophilic electrodes, and a catalytic layer is arranged at the part overlapping with the fuel flow channel; the invention can be widely applied to the fields of power supplies and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode.
Background
With the economic development and the improvement of living standard, the importance of the whole society on the personal health and public health is continuously increased. The paper-based analysis detection chip can better meet the requirements of low cost, rapidness, accuracy and the like. At present, a new generation of paper-based analysis detection chip based on the electrical or electrochemical principle further reduces the detection limit, improves the detection precision, can realize specific detection, and has wide application prospects in the fields of health monitoring, environmental detection and the like. The paper-based analysis and detection chip based on the electrical or electrochemical principle also puts higher requirements on the micro power supply. The traditional miniature lithium ion battery has self-discharge loss, can not be stored for a long time, has narrow storage and operation temperature range, and can not meet the requirements of easy storage and portability. The traditional micro fuel cell based on the micro channel needs an injection pump and pumping work, the net output power density is low, and the energy supply requirement of the paper-based analysis detection chip is difficult to meet.
The passive paper-based microfluid fuel cell realizes the passive transport of reactants by capillary flow in a paper porous medium, naturally separates fuel and oxidant in a paper-based channel, removes a proton exchange membrane and a micropump in the traditional micro fuel cell, has the remarkable advantages of flexible cell design, simple processing, low cost and easy integration, and is a novel micro power supply with wide prospect. Limiting factors for the performance of the paper-based microfluidic fuel cell include ohmic internal resistance, electrode reaction kinetics, reactant transport, and the like. At present, the paper-based microfluid fuel cell arranges the cathode and anode electrodes side by side. On one hand, in order to avoid parasitic reaction caused by fuel or oxidant permeating into the cathode or anode, the distance between the cathode and anode is larger, so that the ion transmission distance is longer. On the other hand, the ion diffusion coefficient and the conductivity are lower under the influence of smaller porosity of the paper porous medium. Therefore, the side-by-side arrangement of cathode and anode electrodes commonly adopted in the current paper-based microfluidic fuel cell can cause larger ohmic internal resistance, and further improvement of the cell performance is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a stack type passive paper-based microfluid fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode comprises an air self-breathing cathode, an electrolyte flow channel, a fuel flow channel, an anode and a bottom plate; the method is characterized in that: the electrolyte flow channel and the fuel flow channel are formed by stacking double layers or multiple layers of paper bases, and a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of paper bases to serve as a flow channel of electrolyte or fuel; the electrolyte flow channel is positioned above the fuel flow channel; the air self-breathing cathode and the anode are oppositely arranged along the vertical direction, and the air self-breathing cathode is arranged above the electrolyte flow channel and is in contact with the electrolyte flow channel; the air self-breathing cathode is composed of a hydrophobic porous electrode, and a catalytic layer such as Pt is arranged at the contact part of the air self-breathing cathode and the electrolyte flow channel; the anode is embedded into the fuel flow channel along the horizontal direction and forms a wedge-shaped gap with the fuel flow channel; the anode is composed of hydrophilic electrodes, and a catalytic layer such as Pd is arranged at the overlapping part of the anode and the fuel flow passage; the front ends of the electrolyte runner and the fuel runner are respectively provided with an electrolyte inlet and a fuel inlet, and the rear ends of the electrolyte runner and the fuel runner are connected with the absorption pad; the absorption pad absorbs liquid at the outlet of the flow channel and keeps capillary seepage in the flow channel to be continuously carried out; a bottom plate is disposed below the fuel flow path.
The electrolyte flow passage and the fuel flow passage are formed by stacking single-layer or multi-layer paper sheets, a certain gap is formed between every two layers of paper sheets, and fuel and electrolyte respectively flow in the fuel flow passage and the electrolyte flow passage, namely, passive transportation and laminar flow are carried out in porous media and gaps in paper; the air self-breathing cathode is positioned at the top of the flow channel, and oxygen with higher concentration and diffusion coefficient in the air is directly utilized, so that the cathode oxygen transmission is enhanced, and the cathode performance is improved. The anode is located in the lower portion of the flow channel to prevent it from directly contacting oxygen to cause oxidant permeation. Ions are transmitted between the cathode and the anode along the vertical direction, the ion transmission distance is less than 1 mm, and the ion transmission distance is far less than that of a paper-based microfluid fuel cell with the traditional cathode and anode electrodes arranged side by side, so that the ohmic internal resistance is favorably reduced. The fuel is mainly distributed in the fuel flow passage at the lower part, and because the density of the fuel solution is slightly larger than that of the electrolyte solution, the vertical upward diffusion of the fuel solution is inhibited, which is beneficial to reducing the fuel permeation.
This patent proposes to arrange the negative and positive electrode along vertical direction relatively to shorten negative and positive polar distance and ion transmission distance, reduce ohm internal resistance, strengthen the battery performance. Meanwhile, the characteristic of higher density of the fuel solution is utilized, the fuel permeation is reduced, and the performance of the cathode is ensured.
According to the preferable scheme of the stack type passive paper-based micro-fluidic fuel cell with the oppositely arranged cathode and anode, the double-layer or multi-layer paper base is composed of capillary porous media such as cellulose chromatographic filter paper.
According to a preferred embodiment of the stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell in which the cathode and the anode are oppositely arranged according to the present invention, the absorbent pad is composed of a porous medium having a spontaneous imbibition ability.
According to the preferable scheme of the stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the oppositely arranged cathode and anode, the bottom plate is made of corrosion-resistant polymer or glass.
According to the preferable scheme of the stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the cathode and the anode oppositely arranged, the electrolyte flow channel and the fuel flow channel are both arranged in an inverted L shape.
The stack type passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the oppositely arranged cathode and anode has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention shortens the distance between the cathode and the anode and the ion transfer distance, reduces the ohmic internal resistance and strengthens the battery performance; the air self-breathing cathode is arranged at the top of the electrolyte flow channel, the anode is embedded in the middle of the fuel flow channel, the fuel permeation is inhibited by utilizing the characteristic of higher density of the fuel solution, and the battery performance is greatly improved compared with the battery performance reported in the current literature.
2) The invention directly adopts air as oxidant and adopts air self-breathing cathode to strengthen cathode oxygen mass transfer.
3) The material of the main body of the stacked passive paper-based micro-fluid fuel cell with the oppositely arranged cathode and anode is the same as that of the paper-based analysis detection chip, the manufacturing process is highly compatible, and large-scale production and high integration are easy to realize.
The invention can be widely applied to the fields of power supplies and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the main battery of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view from direction a of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a view from direction B of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a performance curve of a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the cathode and anode oppositely arranged according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode comprises an air self-breathing cathode 1, an electrolyte flow channel 2, a fuel flow channel 4, an anode 3 and a bottom plate 5; the electrolyte flow channel 2 and the fuel flow channel 4 are both arranged in an inverted L shape and are formed by stacking double layers or multiple layers of paper bases, and a certain gap is reserved between every two layers of paper bases to serve as a flow channel of electrolyte or fuel; the electrolyte flow channel 2 and the fuel flow channel 4 form a flow channel, and the electrolyte flow channel 2 is positioned above the fuel flow channel 4; the air self-breathing cathode 1 and the anode 3 are oppositely arranged along the vertical direction, and the air self-breathing cathode 1 is arranged above the electrolyte flow channel and is in contact with the electrolyte flow channel; the air self-breathing cathode 1 is composed of a hydrophobic porous electrode, and a catalytic layer such as Pt is arranged at the contact part of the air self-breathing cathode and an electrolyte flow channel; the anode 3 is embedded into the fuel flow channel 4 from the left side along the horizontal direction, and forms a wedge-shaped gap with the fuel flow channel; namely, the anode 3 and the air self-breathing cathode 1 are ensured to be oppositely arranged and oppositely arranged along the vertical direction; the anode 3 is composed of a hydrophilic electrode, and a catalyst layer such as Pd is provided at a portion overlapping with the fuel flow channel; the front ends of the electrolyte runner 2 and the fuel runner 4 are respectively provided with an electrolyte inlet 6 and a fuel inlet 7, electrolyte enters the electrolyte runner 2 from the electrolyte inlet 6, and fuel enters the fuel runner 4 from the fuel inlet 7; the rear ends of the electrolyte flow passage 2 and the fuel flow passage 4 are connected with an absorption pad 8; a bottom plate 5 is provided below the fuel flow passage 4.
In a particular embodiment, the two or more layers of paper substrate are comprised of a capillary porous medium such as cellulose chromatographic filter paper.
The absorbent pad 8 is composed of a porous medium having a spontaneous imbibition ability.
The bottom plate 5 is made of a corrosion-resistant polymer or glass material.
Electrolyte runner 2 and fuel runner 4 all set up to "L" shape, and fuel inlet 7 and electrolyte import 6 are located the left and right side of runner respectively.
In specific implementation, the electrolyte can adopt a potassium hydroxide solution, and the fuel can adopt a mixed solution of sodium formate and potassium hydroxide. The fuel and electrolyte flow in a spontaneous passive manner both in the capillary porous medium and in the interstices, where the flow velocity in the interstices is faster. The fuel on the anode side is transported to the catalytic layer of the anode 3 in a convection-diffusion manner; ambient air spontaneously diffuses to the air-breathing cathode 1; after passing through the reaction zone, the fluid enters the absorption pad 8, and capillary flow in the flow channel is maintained by means of capillary pressure of an internal gas-liquid interface before the fluid is completely wetted.
The anode 3 is capable of oxidizing fuel and producing electrons and carbonates, which self-respiring the cathode 1 reduces oxygen in the air and combines the electrons and water to produce hydroxide ions. The catalyst such as Pd on the anode catalyst layer performs electrocatalytic oxidation of fuel such as sodium formate to generate carbonate ions, electrons, and water. The electrons reach the air self-breathing cathode 1 through an external circuit via a load. Oxygen in the air is transmitted to the cathode catalyst layer through the hydrophobic porous structure, and the oxygen is subjected to electrocatalytic reduction by catalysts such as Pt and the like of the cathode, and combined with water and electrons to react to generate hydroxyl ions. The hydroxide ions reach the anode by electromigration. The carbonate and waste liquid are absorbed by the tail absorbent pad.
Fig. 5 is a performance curve of a stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode according to the present invention. Table 1 is a comparison table of the performances of the paper-based microfluidic fuel cell reported in the literature and the cell of the present invention, and the comparison shows that the performance of the cell of the present invention is significantly higher than that reported in the literature.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the maximum power density of the paper-based microfluidic fuel cell reported in the literature at present is 7.1mW/cm2The maximum power density of the air self-breathing paper-based microfluid fuel cell with the embedded anode can reach 62mW/cm2. Thereby showing the bookThe invention can effectively reduce the ion transmission resistance, strengthen the fuel transmission and greatly improve the output power.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A stack type passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode comprises an air self-breathing cathode (1), an electrolyte flow channel (2), a fuel flow channel (4), an anode (3) and a bottom plate (5); the method is characterized in that: the electrolyte flow channel (2) and the fuel flow channel (4) are formed by stacking double layers or multiple layers of paper bases, and the double layers or multiple layers of paper bases are formed by capillary porous media; gaps are reserved among the paper bases as flow channels of electrolyte or fuel, and the electrolyte flow channel (2) is positioned above the fuel flow channel (4); the air self-breathing cathode (1) and the anode (3) are oppositely arranged along the vertical direction, and the air self-breathing cathode (1) is arranged above the electrolyte flow channel and is in contact with the electrolyte flow channel; the air self-breathing cathode (1) is composed of a hydrophobic porous electrode, and a catalytic layer is arranged at the contact part of the air self-breathing cathode and the electrolyte flow channel; the anode (3) is embedded into the fuel flow channel (4) along the horizontal direction and forms a wedge-shaped gap with the fuel flow channel; the anode (3) is composed of hydrophilic electrodes, and a catalytic layer is arranged at the overlapping part of the anode and the fuel flow channel (4); the front ends of the electrolyte flow channel (2) and the fuel flow channel (4) are respectively provided with an electrolyte inlet (6) and a fuel inlet (7), and the rear ends of the electrolyte flow channel (2) and the fuel flow channel (4) are connected with an absorption pad (8); a bottom plate (5) is provided below the fuel flow path (4).
2. The stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the cathode and anode oppositely arranged according to claim 1, wherein: the absorbent pad (8) is composed of a porous medium having a spontaneous imbibition capability.
3. The stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the cathode and anode oppositely arranged according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom plate (5) is made of corrosion-resistant polymer or glass.
4. The stacked passive paper-based microfluidic fuel cell with the cathode and anode oppositely arranged according to claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte flow channel (2) and the fuel flow channel (4) are both arranged in an inverted L shape.
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| CN201910832900.5A CN110534751B (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2019-09-04 | Stack type passive paper-based micro-fluid fuel cell with oppositely arranged cathode and anode |
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| CN112563514B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-12-21 | 江苏理工学院 | Self-suction type microfluid fuel cell based on paper-wrapped electrode |
| CN114156499B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-06-23 | 天津大学 | Paper-based micro-fluid fuel cell embedded with cotton thread |
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| CN200969373Y (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2007-10-31 | 重庆大学 | Self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell |
| US20120070766A1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Laminar flow fuel cell incorporating concentrated liquid oxidant |
| US20130341188A1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-26 | María de les Neus SABATÉ VIZCARRA | Fuel cell and analysis device that comprise it |
| CN104535626B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-11-07 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method of paper substrate self energizing biology sensor |
| CN104577138A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Direct methanol fuel cell membrane electrode structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN107293764B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-08-30 | 重庆大学 | A kind of passive microfluid fuel cell based on cotton thread |
| CN108899561B (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2020-11-06 | 西南石油大学 | Method for improving oxygen concentration of cathode of air self-breathing fuel cell |
| CN109860651B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏理工学院 | High-performance radial microfluid fuel cell |
| CN109888326B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆大学 | Air self-breathing membraneless microfluidic fuel cell with integral cylindrical anode |
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