CN114283663A

CN114283663A - Teaching model for tibial tuberosity traction operation

Info

Publication number: CN114283663A
Application number: CN202111395822.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李士; 徐天士; 郭晓山
Original assignee: Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Childrens Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Current assignee: Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Childrens Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Priority date: 2021-11-23
Filing date: 2021-11-23
Publication date: 2022-04-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a teaching model for tibial tuberosity traction operation, which has the technical scheme that the teaching model comprises a simulated femur, a simulated tibia and simulated skin and flesh coated outside the simulated femur and the simulated tibia, wherein a perforation penetrating towards two sides is formed in the tuberosity of the simulated tibia, an embedded part for a bone nail to penetrate through is arranged in the perforation, the embedded part is used for simulating human skeleton and is made of a material similar to the hardness of the skeleton, the outer diameter size of the embedded part is larger than that of the bone nail, the simulated skin and flesh comprises femoral skin and flesh fixed on the simulated femur, tibial skin and detachable skin and detachably fixedly connected between the femoral skin and the tibial skin, and the detachable skin and flesh is correspondingly arranged at the tuberosity of the simulated tibia and can completely cover the embedded part. The human body model can be continuously practiced and simulated during learning, so that the whole treatment process is continuously familiar, and the correct operation process can be mastered for real patients.

Description

Teaching model for tibial tuberosity traction operation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of bone traction teaching equipment, in particular to a teaching model for tibial tuberosity traction operation.

Background

With the development of medical technology, the medical technology is mainly realized by continuous practice and model operation, and medical students can actually operate the human body model during learning so as to be familiar with the whole treatment process. Femoral fracture is a common disease in orthopedics, and traction braking is often required before an operation, and even a part of patients need long-term traction treatment due to self factors. Correct tibial tubercle traction operation, selection of proper traction angle and traction weight are of great importance for fracture reduction. To grasp the correct operation flow before operating a real patient, it is necessary to perform simulation training repeatedly through a human body model.

The bone traction is a means which needs to be mastered by an orthopaedics doctor, so that the bone traction needs to be simulated in the medical teaching process, but no special teaching model exists for the teaching of tibial tuberosity traction clinically at present, and the traditional orthopaedics medical teaching aid has some defects, for example, a universal human body model is made of hard plastic materials and cannot be inserted with traction bone nails, so that when students of the model learn, teachers can only perform stroke type teaching on the universal human body model, and students cannot deeply understand correct needle feeding points and needle discharging points of operation, so that the students cannot really understand the operation process. Part of the universal human body model may be made of silica gel material, and even if the traction bone nail can be placed in the universal human body model, the universal human body model can cause permanent damage to the model, and the model cannot be used repeatedly; meanwhile, the hand feeling of the nail made of the silica gel material is completely different from that of the nail made of human skeleton, so that the human body operation process cannot be simulated to the maximum extent. The universal human body model does not simulate the body surface appearance of knee joints and tibial tubercles in place, and students cannot accurately position needle points on the body surface, so that the hands of the students cannot be lowered when the students operate the model on the body.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a teaching model for tibial tuberosity traction operation, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a teaching model for shin bone tuberosity traction operation, including emulation thighbone and emulation shin bone and cladding in the emulation skin meat in emulation thighbone and the emulation shin bone outside, the tuberosity department of emulation shin bone sets up the perforation that runs through to both sides, it is provided with the dismouting piece that is used for supplying the bone nail to pass in the perforation, the dismouting piece is used for simulating human skeleton and is made by the material similar with skeleton hardness, the external diameter size of dismouting piece is greater than the external diameter size of bone nail, emulation skin meat is including fixing the thighbone skin meat on emulation thighbone and fixing the shin bone skin meat on emulation shin bone and can dismantle the dismouting skin meat of fixed connection between thighbone skin meat and shin bone skin meat, dismouting skin meat corresponds to set up in the tuberosity department of emulation shin bone and can cover the dismouting piece completely.

The invention is further configured to: the hole punching step hole structure comprises a small-diameter hole and a large-diameter hole which are coaxially arranged, the open end of the large-diameter hole is arranged towards the outer side of the leg model, and the dismounting part and the hole punching part are matched with each other and comprise a small-diameter rod and a large-diameter rod which are coaxially arranged.

The invention is further configured to: the small-diameter rod is in threaded connection with the small-diameter hole, and a counter bore hexagonal structure is formed in the end portion, far away from the large-diameter rod, of the small-diameter rod.

The invention is further configured to: the tip lock joint that big footpath pole was kept away from to the path pole has the limit that can prevent the dismouting piece from breaking away from in the perforation to take off the piece, the tip that big footpath hole was kept away from to the path hole is seted up and is supplied the mounting hole that the limit took off the piece embedding, the bottom of mounting hole is provided with the limit slip face that supplies limit slip piece butt, the terminal surface that big footpath pole was kept away from to the path pole and the outer terminal surface that the limit took off the piece all become cambered surface structure and set up to with emulation shin bone outline looks adaptation, the outer terminal surface of big footpath pole and limit slip piece and the outer profile rounding off setting of emulation shin bone when limit slip piece and the limit slip face butt of lock joint on the path pole.

The invention is further configured to: the limited release piece is including being used for shutoff mounting hole open-ended sealing cap and setting up the lock joint arm that is used for the lock joint to live the path pole on the sealing cap, the lock joint arm is provided with a plurality ofly and the interval surrounds in the outside of path pole, leaves the clearance that supplies the outside expansion deformation of lock joint arm between the two adjacent lock joint arms, the lateral surface of lock joint arm leaves the space that supplies the outside expansion deformation of lock joint arm to the outward flange of sealing cap, be provided with the lock joint groove that supplies lock joint arm lock joint on the lateral wall that the path pole is close to the proximal end portion.

The invention is further configured to: and indicating marks used for marking placement angles are arranged on the outer end faces of the large-diameter rod and the limited release piece.

The invention is further configured to: the artificial tibia is detachably and fixedly connected with an embedded part used for being provided with a through hole, the artificial tibia is provided with a pre-embedded hole for the embedded part to be embedded in, the embedded part comprises a screw joint platform capable of being in screw joint with the pre-embedded hole and a cone platform coaxially arranged with the screw joint platform, the screw joint platform is located at the small-diameter end of the cone platform, the large-diameter end of the cone platform is consistent with the opening end of the large-diameter hole in orientation, and the end face of the large-diameter end of the cone platform is arranged in a cambered surface structure and is matched with the outline of the artificial tibia.

The invention is further configured to: thighbone skin meat and shin bone skin meat are close to the side of dismouting skin meat and all are provided with the connection border that is used for being connected with dismouting skin meat, the relative both sides of dismouting skin meat all are provided with and are used for the installation border of being connected with the connection border, fixed connection setting can be dismantled with the connection border in installation border.

The invention is further configured to: the detachable skin and meat is made into an annular structure by elastic silica gel, and the detachable skin and meat can be sleeved in from the bottom end of the simulated tibia in a spreading state and can be sleeved at the joint of the simulated femur and the simulated tibia in a natural state.

The invention is further configured to: dismouting skin meat is made rectangular lamellar structure setting by silica gel, connect the outside edge that the border is located thighbone skin meat and shin bone skin meat, all be provided with the caulking groove that supplies to connect the border embedding between the inboard and emulation thighbone and the emulation shin bone of connecting the border, two connect the border and lie in dismouting skin meat length direction's both sides respectively, fixed connection setting can be dismantled at dismouting skin meat length direction's both ends.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the setting of the dismounting part enables the model to be placed into the traction bone nail, so that not only a teacher can directly carry out nail placement teaching on the model and is beneficial to students to understand the correct needle insertion point and needle withdrawal point of the operation, but also the students can carry out simulation operation, thereby being beneficial to the students to really understand the operation process; the hardness of the disassembled part is similar to that of human skeleton, so that the nail placing hand feeling of the medical students in the puncturing process is similar to that of the human skeleton, and the human body operation process can be simulated to the maximum extent; and can change after the dismouting piece is destroyed by the puncture, avoid the model to receive destruction to also can effectively improve the utilization ratio of model when improving the puncture effect. Therefore, the design can facilitate the medical students to carry out simulation operation on the human body model through continuous practice during learning, so that the medical students are familiar with the whole treatment process continuously, and the correct operation process can be mastered for real patients.

The simulated skin and flesh can wrap the simulated bone body, so that the simulation degree and effect of the simulated human body during operation can be further improved, and the simulated skin and flesh can be applied to examination of medical students, so that the true degree of the examination is improved, and the situation that the hands of a patient cannot be left during operation is avoided; in addition, the simulation femur and the simulation tibia are preferably selected to simulate the body surface appearance of the simulation femur and the simulation tibia as much as possible, the simulation degree and effect during the simulation of human body operation can be further improved, the introduction of teachers and the judgment of medical students on the nail placement position are more convenient, and the identification accuracy of the nail placement position is further improved in the process of swinging the simulation tibia.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a teaching model for tibial tuberosity distraction procedures;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the detachable member screwed to the simulated tibia;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the detachable member fastened to the simulated tibia;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the disengagement limiting member;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the skin and meat disassembly and assembly of the teaching model.

Reference numerals: 1. simulating thighbone; 2. simulating a tibia; 21. perforating; 211. a small-diameter hole; 212. a large-diameter hole; 213. mounting holes; 214. a release limiting surface; 22. disassembling the parts; 221. a small diameter rod; 222. a large diameter rod; 223. a fastening groove; 23. a disengagement limiting member; 231. sealing the cap; 232. a snap arm; 233. a gap; 234. a void; 24. an indication mark; 25. pre-burying a hole; 26. embedding parts; 261. a screwing table; 262. a truncated cone; 3. skin and meat simulation; 31. femoral skin flesh; 32. shin skin flesh; 33. disassembling and assembling skin and meat; 331. installing edges; 34. connecting the edges; 35. and (4) caulking grooves.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.

Referring to fig. 1-5, a teaching model for tibial tuberosity traction operation comprises a simulated femur 1, a simulated tibia 2 and simulated skin 3 covering the outer sides of the simulated femur 1 and the simulated tibia 2, wherein a perforation 21 penetrating towards two sides is formed at the tuberosity of the simulated tibia 2, a dismounting part 22 for a bone nail to penetrate is arranged in the perforation 21, the dismounting part 22 is used for simulating human bones and is made of a material similar to the hardness of the bones, the outer diameter size of the dismounting part 22 is larger than that of the bone nail, the simulated skin 3 comprises femoral skin 31 fixed on the simulated femur 1 and tibial skin 32 fixed on the simulated tibia 2, and the dismounting skin 33 is detachably and fixedly connected between the femur skin 31 and the tibia skin 32, and the dismounting skin 33 is correspondingly arranged at the tuberosity of the simulated tibia 2 and can completely cover the dismounting part 22.

Firstly, the setting of the dismounting part 22 enables the model to be placed into the traction bone nail, so that not only a teacher can directly carry out nail placing teaching on the model and is beneficial to students to understand the correct needle inserting point and needle withdrawing point of the operation, but also the students can carry out simulation operation, thereby being beneficial to the students to really understand the operation process; the hardness of the detachable part 22 is similar to that of human skeleton, so that the nail placing hand feeling of medical students in the puncturing process is similar to that of human skeleton, and the human body operation process can be simulated to the maximum extent; moreover, the detachable piece 22 can be replaced after being punctured and damaged, so that the model is prevented from being damaged, the puncturing effect is improved, and the utilization rate of the model can be effectively improved. Therefore, the design can facilitate the medical students to carry out simulation operation on the human body model through continuous practice during learning, so that the medical students are familiar with the whole treatment process continuously, and the correct operation process can be mastered for real patients.

The simulated skin and flesh 3 can wrap the simulated bone, so that the simulation degree and effect of the simulated human body during operation can be further improved, and the simulated skin and flesh can be applied to examination of medical students, so that the true degree of the examination is improved, and the situation that the hands of a patient cannot be left during operation is avoided; in addition, the simulation femur 1 and the simulation tibia 2 are preferably selected to simulate the body surface appearance of the simulation femur and the simulation tibia as much as possible, the simulation degree and effect during the simulation of human body operation can be further improved, the introduction of teachers and the judgment of medical students on the nail placement position are more convenient, and the identification accuracy of the nail placement position is further improved in the process of swinging the simulation tibia 2.

The through hole 21 is provided with a small-diameter hole 211 and a large-diameter hole 212 which are coaxially arranged in a stepped hole structure, the open end of the large-diameter hole 212 is arranged towards the outer side of the leg model, and the dismounting part 22 is matched with the through hole 21 and comprises a small-diameter rod 221 and a large-diameter rod 222 which are coaxially arranged. Because the bone nail is placed from the outer side of the human body in the actual nail placing operation, the model simulates the human body operation process to the maximum extent and is also used for placing the nail from the outer side of the model. The structure enables the detachable part 22 to be stably positioned in the through hole 21 when being punctured by force, which is beneficial to improving the mounting firmness and the use firmness of the detachable part 22; meanwhile, the small-diameter hole 211 is positioned at the puncture outlet and can be used for further detecting and judging the accuracy of the puncture of the bone needle, and the bone needle cannot pass out correctly if the puncture angle or the puncture position is wrong, so that the structural design is ingenious.

The small-diameter rod 221 is screwed with the small-diameter hole 211, and a countersunk hexagonal structure is formed at the end of the small-diameter rod 221 far away from the large-diameter rod 222. This simple structure easily implements, and because the outer terminal surface of big footpath pole 222 is the puncture face, consequently need set up counter bore hexagonal structure on the outer terminal surface of path pole 221, the outer terminal surface of avoiding counter bore hexagonal structure to be located big footpath pole 222 supplies the medical student to play the positioning action when the puncture, and make path pole 221 and path hole 211 spiro union conveniently realize the quick assembly disassembly of dismouting piece 22 through counter bore hexagonal structure, be favorable to improving the dismouting efficiency that changes dismouting piece 22 when using teaching model to examine.

The end part of the small-diameter rod 221 far from the large-diameter rod 222 is buckled with a disengagement limiting piece 23 capable of preventing the dismounting part 22 from disengaging from the through hole 21, the end part of the small-diameter hole 211 far from the large-diameter hole 212 is provided with a mounting hole 213 for embedding the disengagement limiting piece 23, the bottom of the mounting hole 213 is provided with a disengagement limiting surface 214 for abutting the disengagement limiting piece 23, the end surface of the large-diameter rod 222 far from the small-diameter rod 221 and the outer end surface of the disengagement limiting piece 23 are both arranged in an arc structure and are matched with the outer contour of the simulated tibia 2, and when the disengagement limiting piece 23 buckled on the small-diameter rod 221 abuts against the disengagement limiting surface 214, the outer end surfaces of the large-diameter rod 222 and the disengagement limiting piece 23 are in smooth transition arrangement with the outer contour of the simulated tibia 2. This structure can make the both ends face homoenergetic of dismouting piece 22 can with the outline looks adaptation of emulation shin bone 2, avoids the medical student to judge out perforation 21 position through the mode of touching the bone to be favorable to improving the simulation degree of simulation human operation when using the teaching model to examine.

The disengagement limiting piece 23 comprises a sealing cap 231 used for blocking the opening of the mounting hole 213 and fastening arms 232 arranged on the sealing cap 231 and used for fastening the small-diameter rod 221, the fastening arms 232 are provided with a plurality of gaps and are wound around the outer side of the small-diameter rod 221 at intervals, a gap 233 for the fastening arms 232 to expand and deform outwards is reserved between every two adjacent fastening arms 232, a gap 234 for the fastening arms 232 to expand and deform outwards is reserved from the outer side surface of each fastening arm 232 to the outer edge of the sealing cap 231, and a fastening groove 223 for the fastening arms 232 to fasten is arranged on the outer side wall, close to the end portion, of the small-diameter rod 221. This structural design can conveniently restrict taking off 23 and install on the dismouting piece 22 to preferably the length dimension of catching groove 223 apart from the outer terminal surface of closing cap 231 is not more than the most advanced length dimension of spicule, and the external diameter dimension of path pole 221 in catching groove 223 bottom and the external diameter dimension looks adaptation of spicule, makes the tip of path pole 221 break in catching groove 223 department after the spicule wears out perforation 21, thereby convenient dismouting piece 22 with the replacement.

The large-diameter rod 222 and the disengagement limiting piece 23 are provided with indication marks 24 for indicating the placement angle on the outer end faces. Because the outer side wall of the simulated tibia 2 is generally in a conical columnar structure, the indication mark 24 can facilitate accurate installation of the detachable part 22 and the disengagement limiting part 23, and the detachable part 22 and the disengagement limiting part 23 can be conveniently and accurately installed by buckling.

The simulation tibia 2 is detachably and fixedly connected with an embedded part 26 used for providing the through hole 21, an embedded hole 25 used for embedding the embedded part 26 is formed in the simulation tibia 2, the embedded part 26 comprises a screw joint platform 261 capable of being in screw joint with the embedded hole 25 and a cone platform 262 coaxially arranged with the screw joint platform 261, the screw joint platform 261 is located at the small-diameter end of the cone platform 262, the large-diameter end of the cone platform 262 is consistent with the opening end of the large-diameter hole 212 in orientation, and the end face of the large-diameter end of the cone platform 262 is arranged in an arc surface structure and is matched with the outer contour of the simulation tibia 2. As the medical student can be in the inclined state of the spicule in the simulation operation process, the wall of the through hole 21 can be damaged, and the embedded part 26 is arranged, so that the wall of the through hole 21 is damaged without replacing the whole model, and only the embedded part 26 needs to be replaced. In addition, the embedded part 26 can also be made of metal materials, the simulation tibia 2 is made of plastics, and the penetration of bone nails can be avoided, so that when the bone needles are in an inclined state and are limited until the bone needles collide with the embedded part 26 during simulation operation of medical students, operation errors are shown, the phenomenon that the weight and the cost of the whole simulation tibia 2 or a model are increased due to the fact that the model is made of metal can be avoided, and the operation of the medical students is not facilitated due to the fact that the model is too heavy. In addition, the embedded part 26 can also be made of plastic, and the simulated tibia 2 is made of metal material, so that the bone pins can be inserted into the embedded part 26 in the process of going deep into the inclined state until the bone pins are limited in collision with the simulated tibia 2, and the scheme can also conveniently judge whether the simulation operation is correct.

Thighbone skin 31 and shin bone skin 32 are close to the side of dismouting skin 33 and all are provided with the connection border 34 that is used for being connected with dismouting skin 33, and the relative both sides of dismouting skin 33 all are provided with the installation border 331 that is used for being connected along 34 with connecting, and the installation border 331 can dismantle fixed connection with connection border 34 and set up. This design can increase the area of contact of dismouting skin 33 and thighbone skin 31 and shin bone skin 32 to be favorable to improving the firm degree of settling of dismouting skin 33, and can realize dismantling through the magic subsides between installation border 331 and the connection border 34 and be connected, can enough realize the dismouting of dismouting skin 33, also can be favorable to improving the firm degree of settling of dismouting skin 33 simultaneously, and then be favorable to improving the simulation operation effect.

The detachable skin 33 is made of elastic silica gel and is arranged in an annular structure, and the detachable skin 33 can be sleeved in the bottom end of the simulated tibia 2 in an opening state and can be sleeved at the joint of the simulated femur 1 and the simulated tibia 2 in a natural state. This simple structure easily implements, is favorable to making things convenient for the quick assembly disassembly of dismouting skin meat 33 to the firm degree of arrangement of dismouting skin meat 33 has been improved greatly.

Dismouting skin 33 is made rectangular slice structure setting by silica gel, connects the outside edge that border 34 is located thighbone skin 31 and shin bone skin 32, connects all to be provided with between the inboard of border 34 and emulation thighbone 1 and the emulation shin bone 2 and supply to connect the caulking groove 35 of border 34 embedding, and two are connected border 34 and are located dismouting skin 33 length direction's both sides respectively, and the fixed connection setting can be dismantled at dismouting skin 33 length direction's both ends. Installation border 331 can imbed the caulking groove 35 in the installation, makes things convenient for long banding dismouting skin 33 around setting up to be favorable to improving the firm degree of settling of dismouting skin 33, and the connection can be dismantled through magic subsides realization in dismouting skin 33 length direction's both ends, is favorable to further improving the firm degree of settling of dismouting skin 33.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a teaching model for shin bone tuberosity pulls operation, including emulation thighbone (1) and emulation shin bone (2) and cladding in emulation thighbone (1) and emulation shin bone (2) the emulation skin meat (3) in the outside, characterized by: the tuberosity department of emulation shin bone (2) sets up perforation (21) that runs through to both sides, be provided with in perforation (21) and be used for supplying the dismouting piece (22) that the bone nail passed, dismouting piece (22) are used for simulating human skeleton and are made by the material similar with the skeleton hardness, the external diameter of dismouting piece (22) is greater than the external diameter of bone nail, emulation skin (3) are including fixing thighbone skin meat (31) on emulation thighbone (1) and fixing shin bone skin meat (32) on emulation shin bone (2) and can dismantle dismouting skin meat (33) between thighbone skin meat (31) and shin bone skin meat (32), dismouting skin meat (33) correspond to set up the tuberosity department at emulation shin bone (2) and can cover dismouting piece (22) completely.

2. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 1, wherein: the perforation (21) is a step hole structure and is provided with a small-diameter hole (211) and a large-diameter hole (212) which are coaxially arranged, the open end of the large-diameter hole (212) is arranged towards the outer side of the leg model, and the dismounting part (22) and the perforation (21) are matched and comprise a small-diameter rod (221) and a large-diameter rod (222) which are coaxially arranged.

3. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 2, wherein: the small-diameter rod (221) is in threaded connection with the small-diameter hole (211), and a counter bore hexagonal structure is formed in the end portion, far away from the large-diameter rod (222), of the small-diameter rod (221).

4. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 2, wherein: the end part of the small-diameter rod (221), which is far away from the large-diameter rod (222), is buckled with a detachment limiting piece (23) capable of preventing a detachable piece (22) from being detached from a through hole (21), the end part of the small-diameter hole (211), which is far away from the large-diameter hole (212), is provided with a mounting hole (213) for embedding the detachment limiting piece (23), the bottom of the mounting hole (213) is provided with a detachment limiting surface (214) for abutting against the detachment limiting piece (23), the end surface of the large-diameter rod (222), which is far away from the small-diameter rod (221), and the outer end surface of the detachment limiting piece (23) are both arranged in an arc structure and are matched with the outer contour of the simulated tibia (2), and the outer end surfaces of the large-diameter rod (222) and the detachment limiting piece (23) and the outer contour of the simulated tibia (2) are smoothly transited when the detachment limiting piece (23) which is buckled on the small-diameter rod (221) is abutted against the detachment limiting surface (214).

5. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 4, wherein: the limited release piece (23) is including being used for shutoff mounting hole (213) open-ended closing cap (231) and setting up lock joint arm (232) that are used for lock joint minor diameter pole (221) on closing cap (231), lock joint arm (232) are provided with a plurality ofly and the interval encircles in the outside of minor diameter pole (221), leave between two adjacent lock joint arms (232) and supply lock joint arm (232) outwards to expand clearance (233) of deformation, the lateral surface of lock joint arm (232) leaves space (234) that supply lock joint arm (232) outwards to the outward flange of closing cap (231), be provided with lock joint groove (223) that supply lock joint arm (232) lock joint on the lateral wall that minor diameter pole (221) are close to the tip.

6. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 4, wherein: and indication marks (24) used for marking placement angles are arranged on the outer end faces of the large-diameter rod (222) and the disengagement limiting piece (23).

7. A teaching model for tibial tuberosity distraction operations according to any one of claims 2 to 6 and being characterized by: the artificial tibia (2) is detachably and fixedly connected with an embedded part (26) used for arranging a through hole (21), a pre-embedded hole (25) used for embedding the embedded part (26) is formed in the artificial tibia (2), the embedded part (26) comprises a screw joint platform (261) capable of being in screw joint with the pre-embedded hole (25) and a cone platform (262) coaxially arranged with the screw joint platform (261), the screw joint platform (261) is located at the small-diameter end of the cone platform (262), the large-diameter end of the cone platform (262) is consistent with the opening end of the large-diameter hole (212) in orientation, and the end face of the large-diameter end of the cone platform (262) is arranged in an arc surface structure and is matched with the outer contour of the artificial tibia (2).

8. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 1, wherein: thighbone skin meat (31) and shin bone skin meat (32) are close to the side of dismouting skin meat (33) and all are provided with and are used for connecting border (34) of being connected with dismouting skin meat (33), the relative both sides of dismouting skin meat (33) all are provided with and are used for and connect installation border (331) of being connected along (34), fixed connection setting can be dismantled with connection border (34) in installation border (331).

9. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 8, wherein: the detachable skin (33) is of an annular structure made of elastic silica gel, and the detachable skin (33) can be sleeved in the bottom end of the simulated tibia (2) in an opening state and can be sleeved at the joint of the simulated femur (1) and the simulated tibia (2) in a natural state.

10. The instructional model for the tibial tuberosity distraction operation of claim 8, wherein: dismouting skin meat (33) are made rectangular sheet structure setting by silica gel, connect outside edge that border (34) are located thighbone skin meat (31) and shin bone skin meat (32), all be provided with between inboard and emulation thighbone (1) and the emulation shin bone (2) of connecting border (34) and supply to connect caulking groove (35) of border (34) embedding, two connect border (34) and be located dismouting skin meat (33) length direction's both sides respectively, fixed connection setting can be dismantled at dismouting skin meat (33) length direction's both ends.