CN1142804A - Vessel having a high-speed planing or semi-planing hull - Google Patents
Vessel having a high-speed planing or semi-planing hull Download PDFInfo
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- CN1142804A CN1142804A CN94194890A CN94194890A CN1142804A CN 1142804 A CN1142804 A CN 1142804A CN 94194890 A CN94194890 A CN 94194890A CN 94194890 A CN94194890 A CN 94194890A CN 1142804 A CN1142804 A CN 1142804A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001212149 Cathetus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
- B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
- B63B1/38—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Mechanical Means For Catching Fish (AREA)
- Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)
Abstract
A vessel having high-speed planing or semi-planing hull comprising: (a) a first portion (12) located at the bow and configured to provide a forward planing portion; (b) a second portion (13) aft of the first portion comprising a shallow cavity (14) having a forward end defined by a step (15) extending across the hull at the forward end of the second part, a rib (16) located to each side of the hull for the length of the second portion; (c) a pressurised air source provided in the vessel and connected to the cavity (14) to deliver air under pressure to the cavity through an outlet (17) whereby the air is distributed substantially evenly into the cavity and in a manner which does not disturb the surface of the water below the cavity (14); and (d) a third portion aft of the cavity (14) providing a seal at the aft end of the cavity in the form of an aft profiled surface formed with one or more channels (20) extending from the cavity (14) to the stern to permit the controlled flow of air from the cavity (14) such that a substantial portion of the third portion has no contact with the air flowing from the cavity.
Description
The present invention relates to single hull and many hulls formula high speed seagoing vessel hull shapes.
The present invention be more particularly directed to by introduce one in the rigidity hull of boats and ships bottom very shallow but air cavity pressurising improves the high speed seagoing vessel, mainly be to have in addition to slide or single hull or many hulls boats and ships of half taxiing characteristics, motive effect of fluid, improving the whole motive effect of fluid of hull always is the theme of multiple research, newly sees so that the notion of scheme its motive effect of fluid of raising is also non-and introduce air below hull.Non-amphibious sidewall hovercraft (being called surface effect ship in addition, SES) is a main example of this application, although also have many other.Some other example of this prior art comprises US 3742888, US 4393802, US 1824313, US 1389865, AU-A-33446/84, AU-A-87515/83, AU-A-44236/79, GB 2112718, GB2060505, GB 1311935, JP 3-243489, DE-A-3208884, DE-A-2831357, WO-A-85/00332 and EP-A-0088640.
But, with regard to prior art, keep the power demand of air cavity on its operation pressure to occupy the larger proportion (general 15% to 50%) of its main tractive power demand always.Many these class designs also have the requirement elastic seal to keep air cavity shortcoming in place.These another characteristics of existing design-calculated are, adopt bigger the air cavity volume or the degree of depth, and this makes it be difficult to can keep design air pressure in the disturbance sea situation of escape rapidly from air cavity at air.This difficulty is a very high factor that works of the power demand of common Air supply system.
The present invention relates to improve a kind of motive effect of fluid of single or many hulls high speed seagoing vessel.Implementation is with the form that remains on the following air film in hull bottom the heavy very major part of ship to be bearing in above the forced air.This air film remains within the shallow chamber scope that is integrated on the hull of boats and ships bottom.This set does not adopt equal ship of the present invention to compare with one, the resistance that can reduce to move ahead for ship (friction and residual resistive the two).
Thereby, the invention belongs to a kind of boats and ships that slide or partly slide hull at a high speed that have, comprising:
(a) one first ship section is positioned at fore and designs to such an extent that an advancing slip section of navigating can be provided;
(b) one second ship section in the first ship section back, comprises having that the front end and that is formed by a shoulder that extends across hull at the second ship section front end place is positioned at the every side of hull and the shallow chamber that continues the floor that reaches the second ship segment length;
(c) pressurized air source is arranged on boats and ships the insides and is connected in shallow chamber, transmitting forced air to shallow chamber by an outlet, thereby make air be evenly distributed within the shallow chamber basically and the shallow chamber of unlikely disturbance below the water surface; And
(d) one the 3rd ship section, in back, shallow chamber, the place forms a kind of sealing at shallow cavity rear end, and be formed with one or many conduits that stretch to stern from shallow chamber with the controlled leakage of the air that allows to come from shallow chamber so that different air contacts of flowing out shallow chamber of sizable part of the 3rd ship section.
According to preferred feature of the present invention, the advancing slip section of navigating is shaped on a center and helps plate, stretch to the both sides of central longitudinal axis and from the waterline zone or a certain position of waterline fwd stretch to shoulder or position of shoulder fwd.The floor lower surface has the profile corresponding to the profile of the every side hull of center floor basically, and the both sides of center floor form a step in the hull profile.When needing, the degree of depth of step can be along its length variations, thereby has its maxim along its length one midway location place.When needing, the hull bottom cross side degree of floor can have its minimum value near place, its rear end along its length variations.In addition, floor can terminate in the shoulder front, and in the case, it is the unmodified profile basically that hull can have between floor rear end and shoulder.When needing, outside the extended step surface of each lower edges of floor.According to a preferred feature of the present invention, floor is made for a member from the hull supporting, and this member can be regulated to change the projecting degree of floor from hull.When needing, floor can flexibly support from hull.
According to a preferred feature of the present invention, the every side of the advancing slip section of navigating central axis disposes a plurality of auxiliary floors, and their design and lay to such an extent that may command is passed through the current of the advancing slip section of navigating, so that current are axial basically.
According to a preferred feature, the essential part of the 3rd ship section be made for have one or more have on the occasion of the zone of hull bottom cross side degree.
According to another preferred feature, the 3rd ship section has the hull bottom cross side degree of negative value, so that the essential part of the 3rd ship section is positioned at both sides.
According to a preferred feature, each floor extends along at least a portion the 3rd ship section.
According to a preferred feature, the surface of the 3rd ship section has a down dip from second ship section to the stern-on.In addition, when needing, the upper wall in shallow chamber has a down dip towards stern-on.
According to another preferred feature of the present invention, the essential part of the 3rd ship section is suitable for holding each propelling unit.
According to a preferred feature of the present invention, the second ship section is formed with a plurality of shallow chambeies that are spaced along the longitudinal and, each shallow chamber forms across hull shoulder that extends and the floor that is positioned at the every side of hull at its front end by one, pressurized air source is arranged among the boats and ships and is connected in each shallow chamber, so that carry forced air by an outlet to each shallow chamber.When needing, the air source in each shallow chamber can be independent of other each shallow chambeies, can be different from the air pressure in other each shallow chambeies or can equate and remain on air pressure in each shallow chamber.In addition, the air pressure in each shallow chamber can change.
In addition, when needing, each shallow chamber, front is by the adjacent shallow backmost chamber of each channel connection.When needing, each passage can be connected in the device of regulating the connection degree, and wherein regulating is by arranging such as the various aspects of hulls such as hull speed, trim and rolling motion.
A benefit of the present invention is that resistance reduces up to 35%, and total air is supplied with power demand less than 5% of thrust power design requirement, this means that Air supply system can be very little with respect to the main propulsion equipment of boats and ships.
Although it is the high speed ship of V-arrangement or rounded bottom in addition that the present invention can be used for the sort of, introduction of the present invention has changed the shape under water of ship significantly, so that those common explanations may be no longer suitable.Having ship of the present invention can be a kind of boats and ships of flat bottomed basically, has little side floor and the very low fore of V-arrangement under water of a hull bottom cross side degree.The characteristic of these marked changes and its various effects that had provides height gain and has made the present invention so be different from prior art aspect whole efficiency just.As a result, hull can have than the speed that available speed is high in the equal ship does not increase power, and this was exactly to have a bit that traditionally shaped reciprocity ship is expected originally.
According to a preferred feature, the both sides in shallow chamber are sealed up by straight or bevelled side rib plate.The interior edge of each side floor and before slide shoulder back along shape do can promote agile moisture from and minimal disturbances.
According to a preferred feature, the upper surface of shallow top of chamber, it forms the coboundary of air cavity, can have a down dip towards its rear end foremost from it, and the 3rd ship section also can have a down dip with increased inclination.As a result, increase owing to compare the inclination angle with the second ship section, the 3rd ship section is touched with the rear end in shallow chamber by water at least and is formed a kind of sealing, and this rear end process machine-shaping is to have the leakage from shallow chamber of motive effect of fluid and control air.The 3rd ship section of hull is shaped on one or many conduits, to allow air by being formed in the afterbody that one on the 3rd ship section or many conduits escape into hull.The existence of each conduit is come from the air rate in each shallow chamber and is made its minimum in order to control, and reduces shallow chamber air widely refill rate under violent sea situation.In addition, each conduit can guarantee that the remaining part of the 3rd ship section can not contact the air that comes from shallow chamber basically.Can make each propelling unit be installed in the remainder place of the 3rd ship section like this, thereby the performance of device can not be subjected to flowing out the obstruction of the air in shallow chamber.
According to a preferred feature of the present invention, the back part of at least the three ship section can produce displacement to change the inclination angle of the 3rd ship section along vertical direction with respect to hull.Thus, the whole surface of the 3rd ship section aft section between each side floor can be movable or it can be divided into several segmentations between each conduit.Mobilizable aft section can have or can dispose one or many conduits, and the position is fixed corresponding to one or many conduits on the 3rd ship section.The supporting of movable aft section can be an elastic type, to guarantee to partially absorb at least vibrations etc.Movable aft section is in order to stability that strengthens vertical movement and the overload that reduces on the boats and ships stern part.
Have outstanding characteristics according to a kind of boats and ships of above-mentioned design-calculated, promptly the total volume in the shallow chamber of air is less than the quiet displaced volume of hull.Generally, the shallow chamber of air total volume is for the ratio from 0.05 to 0.2 of total quiet displaced volume.
Have a kind of outstanding feature according to an above-mentioned designed boats and ships example, it just is a very little percentum of the required power of propulsion of vessels that the required power of air film can be provided.Though, the design flow rate of air supply is relevant with concrete shallow chamber design-calculated sealing arrangement, the design flow rate of air supply is still, multiply by design air pressure and during divided by the efficient of forced air supply system, gained power never greater than under the ship design condition with 5% (horsepower output is need flow to propelling unit so that with the power of certain speed propulsion of vessels) of the required horsepower output of its design speed propulsion of vessels herein.
Has a kind of outstanding feature according to above-mentioned designed a kind of boats and ships, the pressure that is air in the shallow chamber is, this pressure multiply by a very big ratio that equals the ship design weight behind the platen area that do not make moist in shallow chamber, and general magnitude is 30% to 60% of a ship design weight.
According to a preferred feature, the front end of shallow chamber upper surface is formed with horizontal second shoulder, this shoulder has reduced the degree of depth of shallow chamber near front end, described air pass the end face of shoulder and the many apertures from the shoulder lower surface by dispatch to shallow chamber, preferably, most of air-flow passes the end face of shoulder.According to a preferred feature, second shoulder is formed by a plate of installing across shallow chamber.The mode in the shallow chamber of air admission is, the water surface below the shallow chamber is not out of shape because of the air-flow from second shoulder.
In one embodiment of the present invention, forced air is introduced from the dull and stereotyped back that a level is installed in the front end of shallow chamber.This plate is provided with some apertures in its lower section to allow the front portion in some shallow chamber of air admission.Air is included within the shallow chamber ending at a front end straight or that tilt to slide shoulder by the section that respectively slides of hull.This shoulder that forms shallow chamber front end is in the ship front portion basically, and the distance in preceding vertical line back is 3% to 35% of a ship calm water line length.The preceding cruising phase of this of hull is made the V cross sectional shape of low hull bottom cross side degree.
When needing, this plate can tilt and can extend back and be no more than a segment distance of half length of air cavity, also can be provided with a sharp-pointed tail edge and come to guarantee that any water of falling above it can break away from agilely.Before can being equal to or less than, the hull bottom cross side degree angle of this plate slides the value at shoulder place.These characteristics can cause being improved in the performance of disturbance sea situation lower air chamber.
Secondly, when needing, this plate can be made the anti-scalariform of bevelled, one tunnel through stern, make the hull bottom cross side degree angle of each shoulder be equal to or less than the tightly value of that shoulder before it, the value that slides shoulder before the hull bottom cross side degree angle that top shoulder has is equal to or less than.These characteristics can cause that performance improves under tranquil and disturbance sea situation, and are especially true for the boats and ships of high-aspect-ratio.
According to a preferred feature of the present invention, each conduit can adjust the air-flow from shallow chamber to be provided with control apparatus.Control apparatus can comprise some blades or analogue, and they can be movable to change the cross-sectional area of each conduit.The adjusting of air-flow can be used for providing control to the trim of boats and ships and fluctuating.
According to a feature of one embodiment of the invention, each floor width on its whole length is constant basically.In addition in another embodiment, the width of each floor can reduce backward gradually from shoulder.
According to a preferred feature of the present invention, the transverse distance in land areas between each epimere of hull equals the distance between each epimere of mid-ship at the most.
The present invention will obtain owing to the explanation of following several specific embodiments understanding more fully.Explanation is made with reference to each frame accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the following planar view of the first embodiment hull;
Fig. 2 is the section-drawing of the first embodiment hull;
Fig. 3 A, 3B and 3C be Fig. 2 hull respectively at the viewgraph of cross-section at straight line A-A, B-B, C-C place;
Fig. 4 A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G and 4H show the various profiles along Fig. 2 and Figure 10 cathetus D-D of corresponding embodiment;
Fig. 5 A and 5B show the relation between the shoulder regional depth of sliding of the ante-chamber degree of depth and shallow chamber leading portion and back segment respectively;
Fig. 6 is the following planar view with second embodiment of extension board;
Fig. 7 is the following planar view with the 3rd embodiment of one group of extension board;
Fig. 8 illustrates the model test result of the example of first embodiment, wherein resistance, trim, fluctuating, and compressed-air actuated pressure and flow rate all are expressed as the ship function of speed that moves ahead;
Fig. 9 is the following planar view of the hull of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 10 is the section-drawing of the 4th embodiment hull;
Figure 11 A, 11B, 11C are respectively the viewgraph of cross-section of Figure 10 hull at A-A, B-B, C-C straight line place;
Figure 12 is the lateral plan that can be used for a kind of hull front segment structure among each embodiment;
Figure 13 A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E, 13F and 13G are the cross-sectional planes along the straight line A-A, the B-B that are shown in the leading portion of Figure 12, C-C, D-D, E-E, F-F, G-G;
Figure 14 is the scheme drawing of the stern of another embodiment boats and ships.
In institute's drawings attached, CL means line of centers, and SWL means calm water line.
First embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3 comprises that high speed slides hull 11, ship section 12 before being formed with, and this section has traditional substantially structure that slides except comprise low hull bottom cross side degree (deadrise) in its underpart sliding partly; And the second ship section 13, comprise shallow chamber 14.Leading portion 12 is separated by the shoulder 15 and the second ship section 13, and this shoulder has formed the front boundary in shallow chamber 14.The both sides in shallow chamber 14 are limited by the narrow floor 16 of hull both sides, and they have equal widths, perhaps broaden gradually along with extending from the shallow chamber of stern-on front end and form the horizontal expansion part of leading portion.The wetted area of hull under design condition represented with section line in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 A, 3B, 3C show straight line A-A, the B-B of hull in Fig. 2, the shape of cross section at C-C place.
Shown in Fig. 3 B and 3C, the upper surface in shallow chamber 14 is the plane basically, and shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 B and 3C, upper surface tilts towards the hull tail down.The 3rd ship Duan Bingke that the floor that forms both sides, shallow chamber, stage casing extends to back, shallow chamber have in the floor inboard on the occasion of low hull bottom cross side degree.In addition, the middle part of the 3rd ship section can be made to such an extent that have each side to central axis and all have part on the occasion of hull bottom cross side degree.
Because due to the structure of shallow chamber and hull the 3rd ship section, the air in the shallow chamber is remained in the shallow chamber and any leakage of air is controlled basically.Secondly, air is to realize via the conduit 20 that is formed between shallow chamber and the stern from rear portion, shallow chamber through the leakage of the 3rd ship section, and Fig. 4 A-4H shows along the multiple profile that can be used for the 3rd ship section of the straight line D-D of Fig. 2, is formed with each conduit 20 that extends between shallow chamber and the stern in straight line D-D place the 3rd ship section.The setting of each conduit in order to control air from the leakage in shallow chamber and guarantee that the essential part of the 3rd ship section does not contact with the air or the bubble that flow out from shallow chamber.So just make such as propelling units such as screw propellers and might be installed in this essential part the inside, thereby they are not subjected to from the air influence of shallow chamber outflow.When needing, each conduit can be equipped with volume control device blade shape, that can be used for changing each conduit cross-sectional area.In this case, trim and the inclination that also can be boats and ships provides certain control.
Shallow chamber 14 is by the pressure source (not shown) pressurising that is contained in the boats and ships, and pressure source is connected in the outlet 17 of close its front end of upper wall that is arranged on shallow chamber 14.Outlet is associated with plate 18, and this plate extends across shallow chamber in the zone below 17 in middle part, the outlet of the shallow chamber degree of depth.Send into shallow chamber from the back edge that exports the air slave plate 18 that 17 dispatch come out.
Fig. 5 A and 5B show the depth H of air cavity leading portion and back segment
1Respectively with floor part 16 slide shoulder regional depth H
2Therebetween proportionate relationship when comparing.Relation in shallow cavity region leading portion between these numerical value is that the depth H 1 of air cavity slides shoulder regional depth H greater than floor in this zone
210% to 40%.Preferably, at the leading portion H of air cavity
1And H
2Ratio substantially less than 0.5 and can be increased to greater than 0.5 at the back segment of air cavity.
Relation between the preceding ship section 12 is to form the shoulder 15 of air cavity front end and the distance L between the boats and ships 19 waterline front ends
2, to compare with the waterline length of boats and ships, magnitude is 0.05 and 0.40.
When needing, plate 18 can extend, so that one section distance that equals up to half air cavity length of its prolongation, as shown in Figure 6.
In addition, according to the 3rd embodiment as shown in Figure 7, many air discharge ports can be arranged on above the upper wall of air cavity 14 and can be associated with air plate 18 at certain intervals along air cavity separately.
Fig. 8 shows the test result of an example that is shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3 embodiment.Test model is represented the boats and ships of 700 tons of long 74 meters and displacement.Demonstrate the variation of Resistance Value, trim, waviness, the variation of air cavity pressure and air delivery volume or flow rate among the figure.In Fig. 8 A, solid line is represented to have corresponding construction but is not comprised the curve of resistance of boats and ships of air cavity, and dotted line shows the resistance of the described example of embodiment and the relation of hull speed.
Equally, about Fig. 8 B, figure shows the casterangle that has corresponding to the common ship of described exemplary construction with solid line, and dotted line shows the casterangle of the described example of embodiment hull.
Equally, Fig. 8 C has shown with having boats and ships of the present invention (dotted line) and has compared, and does not have the fluctuations of boats and ships of the present invention (solid line).
Fig. 8 D and 8E show in comprising hull of the present invention, the variation of supplying with flow velocity as the air cavity pressure and the air of hull velocity function.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 9,10 and 11, has and at a high speed slides hull 111, be formed with one before ship section 112, this section slides the part and has traditional substantially structure that slides except comprise low hull bottom cross side degree in its underpart; And the second ship section 113 that comprises a plurality of next shallow chambeies 114 that are spaced along the longitudinal.Top shallow chamber 114 is separated with preceding ship section 112 by first shoulder 115, and this shoulder has formed the front boundary in shallow chamber 114, foremost.In addition, each shallow chamber of continuing is formed with a shoulder 115 foremost, represents the upper surface terminal in adjacent shallow foremost chamber 114 separately.In Fig. 9, the wetted area of hull under design condition draws with section line.
Figure 11 A, 11B and 11C show straight line A-A, the B-B of hull in Figure 10 and the shape of cross section at C-C place.
The both sides in each shallow chamber are limited by the narrow floor 116 of hull both sides, and they have equal widths, perhaps broaden gradually from stern to shallow chamber front end and form the side direction and the longitudinal extension part of corresponding shoulder fwd hull part respectively.
The upper wall in each shallow chamber 114 all is the plane basically, but as shown in Figure 9, tilt towards the hull tail down, thereby each floor 116 in corresponding shallow chamber terminates on the upper wall with that shallow chamber of each floor Plane intersects.This point appears at before the shoulder axis of pitch near next shallow chamber.Each shallow chamber 114 relies on each second conduit 125 to interconnect, and makes air to flow between each shallow chamber, and when needing, each second conduit can dispose some adjusting vanes or like, can be regulated with the liquidity of control by each second conduit 125.The adjusting of each adjusting vane or like can manually or automatically realize according to the hull of boats and ships with at the rolling degree of boats and ships.
The 3rd ship Duan Bingke that the floor that forms both sides, shallow chamber, stage casing may extend to back, shallow chamber have in the inboard on the occasion of low hull bottom cross side degree.In addition, the middle part of the 3rd ship section can make have an a pair of central axis each side all have on the occasion of low hull bottom cross side degree.
Because due to the structure of shallow chamber and hull the 3rd ship section, the air in the shallow chamber can remain within the shallow chamber and any leakage of air is controlled basically.Secondly, air is to pass each conduit 125 between shallow chamber and the stern in a controlled manner and obtain allowing from rear portion, shallow chamber through the leakage of the 3rd ship section.
And the relation between the preceding ship section 112 is that the preceding plumb bob vertical of the leading portion of waterline is denoted as FP, and distance L between the shoulder 115 of shallow chamber, foremost
2For boats and ships waterline length L
1Ratio between 0.03 and 0.35.
Each shallow chamber 114 is by the pressure source (not shown) pressurising that is contained in the boats and ships, and pressure source is connected in the outlet 117 of close its front end above the upper wall that is arranged on each shallow chamber 114.Each outlet 117 is associated with plate 118, this plate at the middle part of the shallow chamber degree of depth, export in the zone below 117 and extend across shallow chamber.Cross the back edge of plate 118 and send into shallow chamber 114 from exporting air that 117 dispatch come out.
When needing, air can be realized by a common pressure source to the dispatch of each outlet 117.In addition, air also can be by alone a pressure source dispatch to each shallow chamber.Work can improve the performance of this embodiment under violent sea situation and dispatch to the air in each shallow chamber is changed like this, in order to optimize control for motion of ship and attitude according to sea situation by changing shallow chamber air volume in each shallow chamber.In addition, remain on pressure in each shallow chamber and can be different from pressure in adjacent each shallow chamber.
Shown in Figure 12 and 13, the advancing slip section of navigating 12 of hull can be made to such an extent that have a center floor 26 among each embodiment, extends to the both sides of central axis.The cross-sectional profiles that floor has is the extendible portion of hull profile to the every side of floor, and but, in any specific location along floor, floor is used so that its profile is outwards outstanding from the profile of hull remainder.In addition, floor stretches to shoulder 15 from a certain position of waterline B-B fwd.
The effect of center floor is, the water surface in the shallow cavity region is shaped and forms the lower wall in shallow chamber, thereby should can not occur destroying and being kept so as to the integraty that makes shallow chamber in the surface.Floor can make hull bottom cross side degree reduce gradually backward along hull.When needing, floor can terminate in before the shoulder, and in the case, the profile of hull between center floor and shoulder remains unchanged basically.
In addition, when needing, floor can become supporting mass, can be inside and outwards mobile with respect to hull according to character of operation and water condition.In addition or in addition, this supporting mass can give elastic support from hull, so that form certain shock-absorbing preparation.
In addition, the advancing slip section of navigating can be formed with a plurality of auxiliary floors of (not shown) of fin keel or thin epimere form in floor both sides, center, so that further control the current that reach the second ship section through foremost ship section.
A comprehensive benefit of these characteristics is to reduce the vertical forces and the fluctuating that act under violent sea situation on the boats and ships.
When needing, the plate of each embodiment can save, and shallow chamber upper surface can be made ladder-type structure, and air passes the aft end face transmission of shoulder.The stepped appearance upper wall in shallow chamber can combine with the characteristic of the plate of previous each embodiment and as the overall permanence of hull.Certainly, the air-distribution that must provide suitable means to pass the shoulder aft end face with equilibrium.
Air is all sent into shallow chamber under a certain pressure in each embodiment, consequently put on shallow chamber in-to-in vertical forces equals 30% to 60% of ship design weight roughly.In addition, the magnitude of the total shallow chamber volume in shallow chamber is 5% to 20% of a boats and ships displaced volume.
According to another embodiment as shown in figure 14, the surface of the 3rd ship section is made for and can produces displacement.The surface of the 3rd ship section is made of several plate segment 230, is subjected to the supporting that pivots at its place, forward position, can pivot downwards to change the inclination angle of the 3rd ship section surface.Each plate segment 230 is spaced apart to form one or many conduits, and is corresponding with one or many conduits in the 3rd ship section.The supporting of each plate segment (schematically representing with X among Figure 14) is elastomeric, so that certain shock-absorbing characteristic is provided.The plate segment that can produce elastic displacement is in order to provide certain the stable shock loads that also can reduce on the 3rd ship section at vertical movement in violent marine site.
Should be appreciated that category of the present invention is not limited to the concrete category of the foregoing description.Particularly, the present invention can be used for many hulls boats and ships, and each hull is shaped on a shallow chamber of above-mentioned form.
Claims (45)
1, a kind of boats and ships have and slide at a high speed or partly slide hull, comprising:
(a) one first ship section is positioned at fore and designs to such an extent that an advancing slip section of navigating can be provided;
(b) one second ship section in the first ship section back, comprises having a front end that is formed by a shoulder that extends across hull at the second ship section front end place and be positioned at the every side of hull and along the shallow chamber of the floor of second ship segment length extension;
(c) one be arranged in the boats and ships and be connected in the pressurized air source in shallow chamber, in order to transmitting forced air to shallow chamber, thereby make the water surface that air is evenly distributed within the shallow chamber basically and the shallow chamber of unlikely disturbance is following via an outlet; And
(d) the 3rd a ship section in back, shallow chamber, form at shallow cavity rear end and a kind ofly to have one or the sealing of the rear portion molded surface form of many conduits, conduit passes through with the controlled airflow that allows to come from shallow chamber from shallow chamber to the stern extension, so that the different air contacts of flowing out shallow chamber of the essential part of the 3rd ship section.
2, according to the described boats and ships of claim 1, wherein, the advancing slip section of navigating is formed with a center and helps plate, stretches to the both sides of central longitudinal axis, and from the waterline zone or a certain position of waterline fwd stretch to shoulder or position of shoulder fwd.
3, according to the described boats and ships of claim 2, wherein, center floor lower surface has and the corresponding profile of the hull of the every side of floor basically, and the both sides of center floor form a step in the hull profile.
4, according to the described boats and ships of claim 3, wherein, the degree of depth of step is along the length variations of shoulder.
5, according to the described boats and ships of claim 4, wherein, the degree of depth of step from an extreme depth of shoulder front end to the shoulder rear end a least depth and change.
6, according to the described boats and ships of claim 4, wherein, step has extreme depth at the midway location place along its length.
7, according to each described floor in the claim 2,3,4,5 or 6, wherein, the hull bottom cross side degree of center floor is in its minimum value in its back-end along its length variations.
8, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 2,3,4,5,6 or 7, wherein, central floor ends at the shoulder front, and the hull profile between floor end, center and shoulder is the unmodified profile basically.
9, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 3 to 8, wherein, each lower edges of center floor is stretched out outside the ledge surface.
10, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 2 to 8, wherein, the center floor is made for a member from the independent supporting of hull, and can move to change the projecting degree of center floor from hull from hull.
11, according to the described boats and ships of claim 10, wherein, the center floor is flexibly supported from hull.
12, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the advancing slip section of navigating is formed with many auxiliary floors in the every side of central axis, their designs and lay may command through the current of the advancing slip section of navigating so that passing through each auxiliary floor, to cross the current of the advancing slip section of navigating be vertically basically.
13, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the essential part machine-shaping of the 3rd ship section be have one or more on the occasion of the zone of hull bottom cross side degree.
14, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 1 to 11, wherein, the 3rd ship section machine-shaping is the hull bottom cross side degree with a negative value, so that the essential part of the 3rd ship section is positioned at the central axis both sides, and is provided with described one or many conduits along the center of described the 3rd ship section.
15, according to the boats and ships described in aforementioned each claim, wherein, every side in each online chamber of floor is extended the length of the second ship section and is arrived at and extend at least a portion the 3rd ship section.
16, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the essential part machine-shaping of the 3rd ship section is for holding the propelling unit of described boats and ships.
17, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 1 to 16, wherein, the surface of the 3rd ship section has a down dip to stern-on from the second ship section.
18, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the upper wall in shallow chamber has a down dip towards stern-on.
19, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the second ship section is formed with a plurality of shallow chambeies that are spaced along the longitudinal and, each shallow chamber forms across hull shoulder that extends and the floor that is positioned at the every side of hull at its front end by one, pressurized air source is arranged among the boats and ships and is connected in each shallow chamber, so that send forced air by an outlet to each shallow chamber.
20, according to the described boats and ships of claim 19, wherein, each shallow chamber is independent of the air source in other each shallow chambeies.
21,, wherein, remain on air pressure in each shallow chamber and be different from air pressure in other each shallow chambeies according to claim 19 or 20 described boats and ships.
22, according to claim 19,20 or 21 described boats and ships, wherein, the air pressure in each shallow chamber can be changed.
23, according to claim 19,20,21 or 22 described boats and ships, wherein, each shallow chamber is by adjacent each the shallow chamber of each channel connection.
24, according to the described boats and ships of claim 23, wherein, each passage is furnished with control apparatus to regulate the connection degree.
25, according to the described boats and ships of claim 24, wherein, control apparatus is controlled by a control setup, so that according to the connection degree of controlling such as the various aspects of hulls such as hull speed, trim and rolling motion via each passage.
26, according to the boats and ships described in aforementioned each claim, wherein, the front end of shallow chamber upper surface is formed with horizontal second shoulder, and this shoulder has reduced the degree of depth of shallow chamber front end, described air pass the end face of described shoulder and the many apertures from the shoulder lower surface by dispatch to shallow chamber.
27, according to the described boats and ships of claim 26, wherein, most of air-flow passes the end face of shoulder.
28, according to claim 26 or 27 described boats and ships, wherein, second shoulder is formed by a plate of installing across shallow chamber.
29, according to the described boats and ships of claim 28, wherein, the length of second shoulder boats and ships calm water line length 3% to 35% between.
30, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the shallow chamber of air volume for the ratio of the quiet displaced volume of boats and ships between 0.05 to 0.2.
31, according to claim 26,27,28 or 29 described boats and ships, wherein, the upper surface in shallow chamber is formed with many second shoulders that are spaced along the longitudinal and, and air is gone out from the end face and the lower surface dispatch of each second shoulder.
32, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the waterline length of the advancing slip section of navigating has 0.05 to 0.40 magnitude to the ratio of boats and ships waterline length.
33, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, air is sent into the second ship section under a certain pressure, thereby puts on rough 30% to 60% of the ship design weight that equals of shallow chamber in-to-in vertical forces.
34, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, described one or the surface forming of the 3rd ship section of many every sides of conduit for providing one to continue the stabilized contact slipsurface with water.
35, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, one or many conduits dispose a control apparatus, be suitable for changing one or the cross-sectional area of many conduits.
36, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the rear portion of at least the three ship section can produce displacement to change the inclination angle at the 3rd ship section rear portion along vertical direction.
37, according to the described boats and ships of claim 36, wherein, the rear portion is flexibly mounted.
38, according to claim 36 or 37 described boats and ships, wherein, the rear portion is formed with one or many conduits, corresponding to one or many conduits in the 3rd ship section.
39, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, each floor has unmodified width basically on its whole length.
40, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 1 to 38, wherein, the width of each floor reduces backward gradually from shoulder.
41, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the transverse distance between each epimere in the land areas of hull equals the distance between each epimere of amidships of hull at most.
42, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, the preceding vertical line of the leading portion of waterline and the distance between the shoulder to the ratio of boats and ships waterline length between 0.03 to 0.35.
43, according to the described boats and ships of aforementioned each claim, wherein, boats and ships are a kind of single hull boats and ships.
44, according to each described boats and ships in the claim 1 to 42, wherein, boats and ships are a kind of multihull boats and ships.
45, a kind of basically as herein with reference to the described boats and ships of each accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPM2686 | 1993-11-29 | ||
| AUPM268693 | 1993-11-29 | ||
| AUPM268493 | 1993-11-29 | ||
| AUPM2684 | 1993-11-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1142804A true CN1142804A (en) | 1997-02-12 |
Family
ID=25644585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94194890A Pending CN1142804A (en) | 1993-11-29 | 1994-11-28 | Vessel having a high-speed planing or semi-planing hull |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0731766A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09505253A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960706426A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1142804A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU668665B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2177564A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI962229A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO962154L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995014604A1 (en) |
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| CN101891006A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2010-11-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇二研究所 | High-speed rounded bilge type boat utilizing air cavity to reduce resistance |
| CN102167133A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-08-31 | 上海珐伊玻璃钢船艇有限公司 | Rubber dinghy |
| CN101857080B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-04-25 | 深圳市海斯比船艇科技股份有限公司 | Shake-proof anti-drag aerodynamic ship |
| CN104254478A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-12-31 | 银流技术公司 | Air lubrication system |
| CN106005242A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Air-lubricated ship |
| CN110450903A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The vertical stream transiens semiplaning craft of one kind |
| CN111591388A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Vortex control air pocket device for ship air layer resistance reduction |
| CN113825698A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-12-21 | 银流技术公司 | Air release unit with diverging sidewalls |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2299974B (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1999-01-06 | Tovarishestvo S Ogranichennoi | Improvements relating to vessels |
| US5787829A (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1998-08-04 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus and method for suppressing drag for small planing watercraft |
| US5746146A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-05-05 | Bixel, Jr.; Charles Gilbert | Surface effect planing pontoon seaplane (SEPPS) |
| US6604478B2 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2003-08-12 | Bruce R. Barsumian | Hull configuration utilizing multiple effects for enhanced speed, range and efficiency |
| US6789491B2 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2004-09-14 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Friction reducing ship and method for reducing frictional resistance |
| GB2382801A (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-11 | Gordon Arthur Snape | Vessel hull air lubrication means |
| US6575106B1 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2003-06-10 | Advanced Marine Concepts, Llc | Air induction system for marine vessel |
| DE102005052118A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-31 | Mathias Schmitz | hull |
| BRPI0702885A2 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2011-03-15 | Dk Group N A N V | vessel |
| RU2530905C1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-20 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | Vessel with bottom air cavity |
| SE539235C2 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2017-05-23 | Stena Rederi Ab | Vessels fitted with air cavities |
| RU2750686C1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-07-01 | Юрий Павлович Кондрашов | Planing hovercraft |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2015907A1 (en) * | 1969-04-18 | 1970-11-19 | ||
| DE1926148A1 (en) * | 1969-05-22 | 1970-12-03 | Weyhausen Kg Maschf H | Flat-bottom boat with increased driving performance without additional energy input to the normal drive |
| AU456662B2 (en) * | 1971-01-13 | 1975-01-09 | Leonard Dirk Stolk | Improved air cushioned planing hull |
| US4587918A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1986-05-13 | Burg Donald E | Fine entry air ride boat hull |
| WO1985000332A1 (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-01-31 | Donald Earl Burg | Flexible bow seal air ride boat hull |
| US5000107A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1991-03-19 | Burg Donald E | Extended bow and multiple air cushion air ride boat hull |
| GB2060505B (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1984-11-28 | Walker H | Watercraft |
| US4393802A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1983-07-19 | Rizzo Salvatore A | Boat hull with underside channel |
| JPS58152699A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-10 | Akira Ikeda | Bottom exhaust type high-speed boat |
| NL190717C (en) * | 1983-06-07 | 1994-07-18 | Meijer Sjoerd | Vessel with diminished draft. |
| AU3344684A (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-04-18 | Ateliers et Chantiers De La Manche (Societe Anonyme) | Boat |
-
1994
- 1994-11-28 CN CN94194890A patent/CN1142804A/en active Pending
- 1994-11-28 KR KR1019960702819A patent/KR960706426A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-28 JP JP7514704A patent/JPH09505253A/en active Pending
- 1994-11-28 AU AU11029/95A patent/AU668665B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-11-28 WO PCT/AU1994/000733 patent/WO1995014604A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-28 EP EP95901996A patent/EP0731766A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-28 CA CA002177564A patent/CA2177564A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1996
- 1996-05-28 FI FI962229A patent/FI962229A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-28 NO NO962154A patent/NO962154L/en unknown
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| CN101857080B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-04-25 | 深圳市海斯比船艇科技股份有限公司 | Shake-proof anti-drag aerodynamic ship |
| CN101891006A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2010-11-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇二研究所 | High-speed rounded bilge type boat utilizing air cavity to reduce resistance |
| CN101891006B (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-03-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇二研究所 | High-speed rounded bilge type boat utilizing air cavity to reduce resistance |
| CN102167133A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-08-31 | 上海珐伊玻璃钢船艇有限公司 | Rubber dinghy |
| CN104254478B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2017-03-29 | 银流技术公司 | Air lubrication systems |
| CN104254478A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-12-31 | 银流技术公司 | Air lubrication system |
| CN106627983A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2017-05-10 | 银流技术公司 | System and operation method used for providing air lubricating layer and draining ship |
| CN106627983B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2020-03-17 | 银流技术公司 | System for providing air lubrication layer, operation method thereof and drainage ship |
| CN106005242A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Air-lubricated ship |
| CN113825698A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-12-21 | 银流技术公司 | Air release unit with diverging sidewalls |
| CN110450903A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The vertical stream transiens semiplaning craft of one kind |
| CN110450903B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-04-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Longitudinal flow transition type semi-planing boat |
| CN111591388A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Vortex control air pocket device for ship air layer resistance reduction |
| CN111591388B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-01-29 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Vortex control air pocket device for ship air layer resistance reduction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI962229A0 (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| NO962154D0 (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| JPH09505253A (en) | 1997-05-27 |
| AU668665B2 (en) | 1996-05-09 |
| EP0731766A1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| CA2177564A1 (en) | 1995-06-01 |
| WO1995014604A1 (en) | 1995-06-01 |
| KR960706426A (en) | 1996-12-09 |
| NO962154L (en) | 1996-07-29 |
| AU1102995A (en) | 1995-06-13 |
| EP0731766A4 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
| FI962229A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
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| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |