CN114279736A - A simple and quick inspection device for ship balance beam load test and using method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置及其使用方法，包括工装件，工装件由支撑架和工装杠杠组成，工装杠杠的一端与支撑架之间铰接固定，工装杠杠的另一端下方设置有底座，底座的顶端设置有千斤顶，千斤顶的底部设置有压力计，千斤顶的顶端与工装杠杠的末端底部接触，工装杠杠上设置有卸扣，卸扣上设置有用于连接平衡梁的钢丝绳；通过工装来模拟主吊管在吊装过程中的受力情况及大小，通过千斤顶的顶升使钢丝绳的受力达到实际轴向拉力值，通过模拟受力试验，检测主要受力构件应变，通过换算比较结构实际应力与许用应力的大小，有效的规避了负荷试验对工具、试验场地的特殊要求，大大降低了试验的时间、成本。
The invention discloses a simple and quick inspection device for a load test of a balance beam for ships and a method for using the same. The other end is provided with a base, the top of the base is provided with a jack, the bottom of the jack is provided with a pressure gauge, the top of the jack is in contact with the bottom of the end of the tooling lever, the tooling lever is provided with a shackle, and the shackle is provided with a balance beam for connecting The wire rope is used to simulate the stress condition and size of the main hanger during the hoisting process through the tooling, and the force of the wire rope reaches the actual axial tension value through the jacking. , By converting and comparing the actual stress and allowable stress of the structure, the special requirements of the load test for tools and test sites are effectively avoided, and the time and cost of the test are greatly reduced.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及平衡梁检验技术领域，特别是涉及一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to the technical field of balance beam inspection, in particular to a simple and quick inspection device for a ship balance beam load test and a method for using the same.
背景技术Background technique
根据国标或各船级社规范要求，吊装平衡梁在制作完成后应做1.25倍设计载荷的负荷试验，以检验吊装平衡梁的可靠性、安全性，国内常规做法是模拟真实吊装，在平衡梁下吊1.25倍的设计载荷配重，然后用大型吊车或龙门吊把平衡梁和配重吊起来，以满足负荷试验的要求，检验平衡梁的安全性；According to the requirements of the national standard or the regulations of various classification societies, the hoisting balance beam should be subjected to a load test of 1.25 times the design load after the production is completed to check the reliability and safety of the hoisting balance beam. The domestic conventional practice is to simulate the real hoisting. Lower the counterweight 1.25 times the design load, and then use a large crane or gantry crane to hoist the balance beam and counterweight to meet the requirements of the load test and check the safety of the balance beam;
现行检验方法，需要大型吊车、需要配重、对试验场地和工具有特定要求，试验局限性大、时间长、成本高，为此我们提出一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置及其使用方法。The current inspection method requires large cranes, counterweights, specific requirements for test sites and tools, and has large test limitations, long time and high cost. For this reason, we propose a simple and rapid inspection device for ship balance beam load test and its Instructions.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置及其使用方法，有效的规避了负荷试验对工具、试验场地的特殊要求，大大降低了试验的时间、成本。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a simple and quick inspection device for a load test of a balance beam for ships and a method of using the same, which effectively avoids the special requirements of the load test for tools and test sites, and greatly reduces the test time, test time and cost. cost.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置，包括工装件，所述工装件由支撑架和工装杠杠组成，所述工装杠杠的一端与支撑架之间铰接固定，所述工装杠杠的另一端下方设置有底座，所述底座的顶端设置有千斤顶，所述千斤顶的底部设置有压力计，所述千斤顶的顶端与工装杠杠的末端底部接触，所述工装杠杠上设置有卸扣，所述卸扣上设置有用于连接平衡梁的钢丝绳。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a simple and quick inspection device for a load test of a balance beam for ships, including a tooling piece, the tooling piece is composed of a support frame and a tooling lever, and one end of the tooling lever is connected to a support The racks are hingedly fixed, the other end of the tooling lever is provided with a base, the top of the base is provided with a jack, the bottom of the jack is provided with a pressure gauge, and the top of the jack is in contact with the bottom of the end of the tooling lever, A shackle is arranged on the tooling bar, and a wire rope for connecting the balance beam is arranged on the shackle.
一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置的使用方法：A method of using a simple and quick inspection device for ship balance beam load test:
S1、查看平衡梁焊缝UT检验报告，确认是否可以执行拉力试验；S1. Check the UT inspection report of the balance beam weld to confirm whether the tensile test can be performed;
S2、将平衡梁搬运至指定试验场所，并对其固定；S2. Move the balance beam to the designated test site and fix it;
S3、检查工装及相关的检测仪器仪表；S3. Check the tooling and related testing instruments;
S4、按照要求安装工装，并检测工装与平衡梁间的焊缝；S4. Install the tooling as required, and inspect the weld between the tooling and the balance beam;
S5、布置全站仪及观察线；S5. Arrange the total station and observation line;
S6、对平衡梁试验节点进行试验；S6, test the balance beam test node;
S7、检验各试验设备及工装安装固定到位，钢索具紧固到位，支撑座及千斤顶固定到位，应变片粘贴到位；S7. Check that the test equipment and tooling are installed and fixed in place, the steel rigging is fastened in place, the support base and jack are fixed in place, and the strain gauges are pasted in place;
S8、开启千斤顶升程，查看压力计显示数字；根据液压千斤顶使用需求，试验顶升从0持续增加到试验吨位，当试验压力值显示试验吨位的1/4T-1/2T-3/4T-T时，按试验记录表观察并记录各项数据，以及观测焊缝及主吊管外观，直至将单点试验完成；S8. Turn on the lift of the jack, and check the number displayed on the pressure gauge; according to the use requirements of the hydraulic jack, the test lift continues to increase from 0 to the test tonnage. When the test pressure value shows 1/4T-1/2T-3/4T- of the test tonnage When T, observe and record various data according to the test record table, and observe the appearance of the weld and the main hanger until the single-point test is completed;
S9、完成平衡梁单点试验，并形成记录；S9. Complete the single-point test of the balance beam and form a record;
S10、拆除试验设备及工装，试验工装与平衡梁本体连接部位留根50mm割除，避免割伤平衡梁本体，复位完成；S10. Remove the test equipment and tooling, and cut off 50mm of the connection between the test tooling and the balance beam body, so as to avoid cutting the balance beam body, and the reset is completed;
S11、试验完成之后，根据应力应变仪检测结果，确认相关结构应力是否小于许用应力，变形是否在弹性形变内；试验后对节点处主要焊缝进行检测，如结构没有形变，焊缝没有缺陷，则认为此次试验成功，结构与理论计算结果相符，满足实际吊装要求。S11. After the test is completed, confirm whether the relevant structural stress is less than the allowable stress and whether the deformation is within the elastic deformation according to the test results of the stress-strain gauge; after the test, check the main welds at the nodes, if the structure is not deformed, the welds are free of defects , it is considered that the test is successful, the structure is consistent with the theoretical calculation results, and meets the actual hoisting requirements.
优选的，应变片粘贴到位具体表现为：Preferably, when the strain gauge is pasted in place, the specific performance is as follows:
S1、用工具将金属表面清理干净、平整、用酒精去污；S1. Use tools to clean and level the metal surface, and decontaminate it with alcohol;
S2、确定好应变片粘贴位置与方向、并作相应标记；S2. Determine the pasting position and direction of the strain gauge, and mark it accordingly;
S3、将粘接剂均匀涂在待粘贴位置；S3. Apply the adhesive evenly on the position to be pasted;
S4、将应变片对好位置进行粘贴，并用聚脂片置于其上，静按5分钟；S4. Paste the strain gauge in a good position, place a polyester sheet on it, and press it for 5 minutes;
S5、用万用表对应变片进行测量，确保应变片未损坏，工作正常；S5. Measure the strain gauge with a multimeter to ensure that the strain gauge is not damaged and works normally;
S6、用密封胶对应变片进行密封处理，防止受潮；S6. Use sealant to seal the strain gauge to prevent moisture;
S7、焊接电缆引线；S7, welding cable lead;
S8、再次用万用表对应变片进行检测，确定完好；S8. Use the multimeter to test the strain gauge again to confirm that it is in good condition;
S9、用热熔胶对电缆引线进行固定处理；S9. Use hot melt adhesive to fix the cable leads;
S10、连接应变仪进行检测。S10. Connect the strain gauge for detection.
与现有技术相比，本发明能达到的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that the present invention can achieve are:
本发明基于杠杆原理、材料应力应变原理，通过工装来模拟主吊管在吊装过程中的受力情况及大小，结构工装分为两个支点，通过千斤顶的顶升使钢丝绳的受力达到实际轴向拉力值，通过模拟受力试验，检测主要受力构件应变，通过换算比较结构实际应力与许用应力的大小，有效的规避了负荷试验对工具、试验场地的特殊要求，大大降低了试验的时间、成本。The invention is based on the lever principle and the material stress-strain principle. The tooling is used to simulate the stress condition and size of the main hanger during the hoisting process. The structural tooling is divided into two fulcrums. The tensile force value, through the simulated force test, detects the strain of the main force-bearing components, and compares the actual stress and allowable stress of the structure by conversion, which effectively avoids the special requirements of the load test for tools and test sites, and greatly reduces the test time. Time costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
其中：1、底座；2、压力计；3、千斤顶；4、工装件；5、钢丝绳；6、卸扣。Among them: 1. Base; 2. Pressure gauge; 3. Jack; 4. Tooling parts; 5. Steel wire rope; 6. Shackle.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明，但下述实施例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。In order to make the technical means, creative features, achievement goals and effects realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the examples in the implementation manner, other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
实施例Example
请参照图1所示，本发明提供一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置，包括工装件4，工装件4由支撑架和工装杠杠组成，工装杠杠的一端与支撑架之间铰接固定，工装杠杠的另一端下方设置有底座1，底座1的顶端设置有千斤顶3，千斤顶3的底部设置有压力计2，千斤顶3的顶端与工装杠杠的末端底部接触，工装杠杠上设置有卸扣6，卸扣6上设置有用于连接平衡梁的钢丝绳5。Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a simple and quick inspection device for a load test of a balance beam for ships, including a
一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置的使用方法：A method of using a simple and quick inspection device for ship balance beam load test:
S1、查看平衡梁焊缝UT检验报告，确认是否可以执行拉力试验；S1. Check the UT inspection report of the balance beam weld to confirm whether the tensile test can be performed;
S2、将平衡梁搬运至指定试验场所，并对其固定；S2. Move the balance beam to the designated test site and fix it;
S3、检查工装及相关的检测仪器仪表；S3. Check the tooling and related testing instruments;
S4、按照要求安装工装，并检测工装与平衡梁间的焊缝；S4. Install the tooling as required, and inspect the weld between the tooling and the balance beam;
S5、布置全站仪及观察线；S5. Arrange the total station and observation line;
S6、对平衡梁试验节点进行试验；S6, test the balance beam test node;
S7、检验各试验设备及工装安装固定到位，钢索具紧固到位，支撑座及千斤顶固定到位，应变片粘贴到位；S7. Check that the test equipment and tooling are installed and fixed in place, the steel rigging is fastened in place, the support base and jack are fixed in place, and the strain gauges are pasted in place;
S8、开启千斤顶升程，查看压力计显示数字；根据液压千斤顶使用需求，试验顶升从0持续增加到试验吨位，当试验压力值显示试验吨位的1/4T-1/2T-3/4T-T时，按试验记录表观察并记录各项数据，以及观测焊缝及主吊管外观，直至将单点试验完成；S8. Turn on the lift of the jack, and check the number displayed on the pressure gauge; according to the use requirements of the hydraulic jack, the test lift continues to increase from 0 to the test tonnage. When the test pressure value shows 1/4T-1/2T-3/4T- of the test tonnage When T, observe and record various data according to the test record table, and observe the appearance of the weld and the main hanger until the single-point test is completed;
S9、完成平衡梁单点试验，并形成记录；S9. Complete the single-point test of the balance beam and form a record;
S10、拆除试验设备及工装，试验工装与平衡梁本体连接部位留根50mm割除，避免割伤平衡梁本体，复位完成；S10. Remove the test equipment and tooling, and cut off 50mm of the connection between the test tooling and the balance beam body, so as to avoid cutting the balance beam body, and the reset is completed;
S11、试验完成之后，根据应力应变仪检测结果，确认相关结构应力是否小于许用应力，变形是否在弹性形变内；试验后对节点处主要焊缝进行检测，如结构没有形变，焊缝没有缺陷，则认为此次试验成功，结构与理论计算结果相符，满足实际吊装要求。S11. After the test is completed, confirm whether the relevant structural stress is less than the allowable stress and whether the deformation is within the elastic deformation according to the test results of the stress-strain gauge; after the test, check the main welds at the nodes, if the structure is not deformed, the welds are free of defects , it is considered that the test is successful, the structure is consistent with the theoretical calculation results, and meets the actual hoisting requirements.
应变片粘贴到位具体表现为：The specific performance of the strain gauge sticking in place is as follows:
S1、用工具将金属表面清理干净、平整、用酒精去污；S1. Use tools to clean and level the metal surface, and decontaminate it with alcohol;
S2、确定好应变片粘贴位置与方向、并作相应标记；S2. Determine the pasting position and direction of the strain gauge, and mark it accordingly;
S3、将粘接剂均匀涂在待粘贴位置；S3. Apply the adhesive evenly on the position to be pasted;
S4、将应变片对好位置进行粘贴，并用聚脂片置于其上，静按5分钟；S4. Paste the strain gauge in a good position, place a polyester sheet on it, and press it for 5 minutes;
S5、用万用表对应变片进行测量，确保应变片未损坏，工作正常；S5. Measure the strain gauge with a multimeter to ensure that the strain gauge is not damaged and works normally;
S6、用密封胶对应变片进行密封处理，防止受潮；S6. Use sealant to seal the strain gauge to prevent moisture;
S7、焊接电缆引线；S7, welding cable lead;
S8、再次用万用表对应变片进行检测，确定完好；S8. Use the multimeter to test the strain gauge again to confirm that it is in good condition;
S9、用热熔胶对电缆引线进行固定处理；S9. Use hot melt adhesive to fix the cable leads;
S10、连接应变仪进行检测。S10. Connect the strain gauge for detection.
本发明提供的一种船舶用平衡梁负荷试验简易快速检验装置及其使用方法，通过工装来模拟主吊管在吊装过程中的受力情况及大小，结构工装分为两个支点，通过千斤顶的顶升使钢丝绳的受力达到实际轴向拉力值，通过模拟受力试验，检测主要受力构件应变，通过换算比较结构实际应力与许用应力的大小，有效的规避了负荷试验对工具、试验场地的特殊要求，大大降低了试验的时间、成本。The invention provides a simple and quick inspection device for a load test of a balance beam for a ship and a method for using the same. The force condition and size of the main hanger during the hoisting process are simulated by the tooling. The jacking makes the force of the wire rope reach the actual axial tension value. Through the simulated force test, the strain of the main force-bearing components is detected, and the actual stress and the allowable stress of the structure are compared by conversion, which effectively avoids the load test on tools and tests. The special requirements of the site greatly reduce the time and cost of the test.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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