CN114279107B - Open type heat pump electricity storage system and method - Google Patents
Open type heat pump electricity storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114279107B CN114279107B CN202111600415.9A CN202111600415A CN114279107B CN 114279107 B CN114279107 B CN 114279107B CN 202111600415 A CN202111600415 A CN 202111600415A CN 114279107 B CN114279107 B CN 114279107B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides an open heat pump electricity storage system and a method, wherein the system comprises a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop; a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; further comprising: the air release structure is suitable for discharging redundant air in the heating loop to the external environment when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating loop; the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop adopts air as a flowing working medium to exchange heat. The open heat pump electricity storage system provided by the invention adopts air as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and has lower cost compared with the method adopting argon, helium and the like as the flowing working medium. Moreover, because the flowing working medium is air, the quality and the pressure of the gas in the system can be directly adjusted through the air discharge structure communicated with the external environment, and the requirement of the whole system on the tightness is reduced while a buffer tank is omitted, so that the technical feasibility is improved, and the research and development difficulty is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to an open type heat pump electricity storage system and method.
Background
At present, argon, helium and the like are adopted as flowing working media in a Brayton cycle heat pump electricity storage system adopting a packed bed as a cold storage heat accumulator, and in order to prevent leakage of the gas working media, the whole system adopts a loop structure with a closed design. In the process of electricity storage and release, the temperature change of the gas working medium can cause the gas density to change greatly. Thus, in a pressure-stabilized, solid volume, high volume packed bed, the stored gas mass will vary periodically during storage. In order to maintain the quality and pressure balance of the working medium in the closed system, a buffer tank is usually arranged in the system, when the air pressure in the closed system is higher, redundant gas can be discharged into the buffer tank, and when the air pressure in the closed system is lower, the gas in the buffer tank can be pumped into the system.
However, such a heat pump electricity storage system has a severe requirement for the sealing property, and the cost of using argon gas, helium gas, or the like as the fluid working medium is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the heat pump electricity storage system in the prior art has strict requirements on tightness, and the cost of adopting argon, helium and the like as flowing working media is higher, so that the open heat pump electricity storage system and the method are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an open heat pump electricity storage system comprises a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop, the device is suitable for converting redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy during the electricity utilization valley; the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is suitable for converting the heat energy and the cold energy into electric energy at the peak of power utilization; further comprising: the air bleeding structure is suitable for discharging redundant air in the heating loop to the external environment when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating loop; the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop are both communicated with the external environment; when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop converts redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium to transfer heat.
Further, the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop comprises a driving unit, a multistage energy storage compressor, a high-temperature packed bed, a three-way valve A, a multistage energy storage expander, a low-temperature packed bed and a three-way valve C; the driving unit is connected with the multistage energy storage compressor and the multistage energy storage expander; the air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is communicated with the external environment, the air outlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is connected with the air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed, the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed is connected with the air inlet of the multistage energy storage expander, the air outlet of the multistage energy storage expander is connected with the first air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed is communicated with the external environment; the three-way valve A is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed and the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop; the three-way valve C is suitable for being communicated with the external environment, a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed and the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop; the air discharging structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine.
Further, the air discharging structure comprises a three-way valve B and a flow control valve; the three-way valve B is suitable for being communicated with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, the three-way valve A and one end of the flow control valve, and the other end of the flow control valve is communicated with the external environment.
Further, a waste heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged between the three-way valve A and the high-temperature packed bed and is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out of the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed to the room temperature.
Further, the open heat pump electricity storage system further comprises a first dehumidifying device, wherein an air inlet of the first dehumidifying device is communicated with the external environment, and an air outlet of the first dehumidifying device is connected with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor.
Further, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a power generation unit, a multi-stage energy release compressor and a multi-stage energy release expander; the power generation unit is connected with the multistage energy release expansion machine and the multistage energy release compressor; the air inlet of the multi-stage energy release expansion machine is connected with the second air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed, and the air outlet of the multi-stage energy release expansion machine is communicated with the external environment; a second air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed is connected with an air inlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor; the three-way valve A is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed and a gas outlet of the multistage energy release compressor; one interface of the three-way valve C is connected with a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the other two interfaces are communicated with the external environment; when the cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy by the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is used as a flowing working medium to transfer heat.
Further, the open heat pump electricity storage system further comprises an air supplementing structure, wherein the air supplementing structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy release compressor and is suitable for sending air in the external environment into the heat release loop to increase the air pressure in the heat release loop when the cold and heat energy heat engine electricity generation loop converts heat energy and cold energy into electric energy.
Furthermore, the air supply structure comprises a three-way valve D and a pump body; the three-way valve D is suitable for being communicated with an air outlet of the multistage energy-releasing compressor, the three-way valve A and an air outlet of the pump body, and an air inlet of the pump body is communicated with the external environment.
Furthermore, the open heat pump electricity storage system also comprises a second dehumidifying device, wherein an air inlet of the second dehumidifying device is communicated with the external environment, and an air outlet of the second dehumidifying device is connected with an air inlet of the pump body and is suitable for dehumidifying air entering the pump body.
The invention also provides an open heat pump electricity storage method, which at least comprises the following steps: the redundant electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy by utilizing a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop; converting the heat energy and the cold energy into electric energy by utilizing a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop are both communicated with the external environment, so that when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop converts redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and the external air enters the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop for heat transfer and then is discharged into the external environment; when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats, redundant air in the heating loop is discharged to the external environment through the air discharging structure, so that air pressure in the heating loop is reduced.
Furthermore, before the air in the external environment is sent to the air inlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop, a first dehumidifying device is adopted to dehumidify the air.
Further, when the heat energy and the cold energy are converted into electric energy by utilizing the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is adopted as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and the outside air is discharged to the outside environment after being transferred by the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; when the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop releases heat, air in the external environment is sent into the heat release loop through the air supply structure, so that the air pressure in the heat release loop is increased.
Furthermore, before air in the external environment is sent to the heat release loop by adopting the air supply structure, a second dehumidifying device is adopted to dehumidify the air.
Furthermore, before the outside air enters the cold release loop in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, a third dehumidification device is adopted to carry out dehumidification treatment on the air.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the open heat pump electricity storage system provided by the invention adopts air as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and has lower cost compared with the method adopting argon, helium and the like as the flowing working medium. Moreover, because the flowing working medium is air, the quality and the pressure of the gas in the system can be directly adjusted through the air discharge structure communicated with the external environment, and the requirement of the whole system on the tightness is reduced while a buffer tank is omitted, so that the technical feasibility is improved, and the research and development difficulty is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an open heat pump electricity storage system in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a first dehumidifying unit; 2 a drive unit; 3. a first stage stored energy compressor; 4. a second stage stored energy compressor; 5. a high temperature packed bed; 6. a waste heat discharging heat exchanger; 7. a three-way valve A; 8. a three-way valve B; 9. a flow control valve; 10. a first stage energy storage expander; 11. a second stage energy storage expander; 12. a low temperature packed bed; 13. a three-way valve C; 14. a second dehumidifying unit; 15. a first stage energy release compressor; 16. a second stage energy release compressor; 17. a three-way valve D; 18. a third dehumidifying device; 19. a pump body; 20. a first stage energy releasing expander; 21. a second stage energy releasing expander; 22. a power generation unit; 101. a pipeline A; 102. a pipeline B; 103. a pipeline C; 104. a pipeline D; 105. a pipeline E; 106. a pipeline F; 107. a pipeline G; 108. a pipeline H; 109. a pipeline I; 110. a pipeline J; 111. a pipeline K; 112. a pipeline L; 113. a pipeline M; 114. a pipeline N; 115. a pipeline O; 116. a pipeline P; 117. a pipeline Q; 118. a pipeline R; 119. a pipeline S; 120. a pipeline T; 121. a pipeline U; 122. a pipeline V; 123. a pipeline W.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an open heat pump electricity storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an open heat pump electricity storage system, including a heat pump cooling and heating loop adapted to convert surplus electric energy into heat energy and cold energy during a power consumption valley; the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is suitable for converting heat energy and cold energy into electric energy at the peak of power utilization; further comprising: the air discharging structure is suitable for discharging redundant air in the heating loop to the external environment when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating loop; the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop are both communicated with the external environment; when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop converts redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer.
The open heat pump electricity storage system provided by the invention adopts air as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and has lower cost compared with the method adopting argon, helium and the like as the flowing working medium. Moreover, because the flowing working medium is air, the quality and the pressure of the gas in the system can be directly adjusted through the air discharge structure communicated with the external environment, and the requirement of the whole system on the tightness is reduced while a buffer tank is omitted, so that the technical feasibility is improved, and the research and development difficulty is reduced.
The heat pump refrigerating and heating loop comprises a driving unit 2, a multi-stage energy storage compressor, a high-temperature packed bed 5, a three-way valve A7, a multi-stage energy storage expander, a low-temperature packed bed 12 and a three-way valve C13; the driving unit 2 is connected with the multistage energy storage compressor and the multistage energy storage expander; the air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is communicated with the external environment, the air outlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is connected with the air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed 5, the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 5 is connected with the air inlet of the multistage energy storage expander, the air outlet of the multistage energy storage expander is connected with the first air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed 12, and the first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 12 is communicated with the external environment; the three-way valve A7 is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 5 and a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; the three-way valve C13 is suitable for being communicated with the external environment, a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 12 and a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; wherein, the air release structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A7 and the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine.
Wherein, the air bleeding structure comprises a three-way valve B8 and a flow control valve 9; the three-way valve B8 is suitable for being communicated with an air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine, the three-way valve A7 and one end of the flow control valve 9, and the other end of the flow control valve 9 is communicated with the external environment.
And a waste heat discharging and dissipating heat exchanger 6 is arranged between the three-way valve A7 and the high-temperature packed bed 5 and is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out of the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 5 to the room temperature.
The open type heat pump electricity storage system further comprises a first dehumidifying device 1, an air inlet of the first dehumidifying device 1 is communicated with the external environment, and an air outlet of the first dehumidifying device 1 is connected with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor.
The cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a power generation unit 22, a multi-stage energy release compressor and a multi-stage energy release expander; wherein, the power generation unit 22 is connected with a multi-stage energy release expander and a multi-stage energy release compressor; the air inlet of the multi-stage energy release expansion machine is connected with the second air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 5, and the air outlet of the multi-stage energy release expansion machine is communicated with the external environment; a second air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 12 is connected with an air inlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor; the three-way valve A7 is suitable for communicating the air inlet of the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine, the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 5 and the air outlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor; wherein, one interface of the three-way valve C13 is connected with a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 12, and the other two interfaces are communicated with the external environment; when the cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy by the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is used as a flowing working medium to transfer heat.
The open heat pump electricity storage system further comprises an air supplementing structure, wherein the air supplementing structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A7 and the multi-stage energy release compressor and is suitable for sending air in the external environment into the heat release loop to increase the air pressure in the heat release loop when the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop converts heat energy and cold energy into electric energy.
Wherein, the air supply structure comprises a three-way valve D17 and a pump body 19; the three-way valve D17 is suitable for being communicated with an air outlet of the multi-stage energy-releasing compressor, the three-way valve A7 and an air outlet of the pump body 19, and an air inlet of the pump body 19 is communicated with the external environment.
The open heat pump electricity storage system further comprises a second dehumidifying device 14, an air inlet of the second dehumidifying device 14 is communicated with the external environment, an air outlet of the second dehumidifying device 14 is connected with an air inlet of the pump body 19, and the second dehumidifying device is suitable for dehumidifying air entering the pump body 19.
In the following description, the multistage energy storage compressor, the multistage energy storage expander, the multistage energy release compressor, and the multistage energy release expander are all described by taking two stages as examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a pipeline a101 is adapted to communicate with an external environment and the first-stage energy storage compressor 3, a pipeline B102 is adapted to communicate the first dehumidifying device 1 and the first-stage energy storage compressor, a pipeline C103 is adapted to communicate the first-stage energy storage compressor 3 and the second-stage energy storage compressor 4, a pipeline D104 is adapted to communicate the second-stage energy storage compressor 4 and the high-temperature packed bed 5, and a pipeline E105 is adapted to communicate the high-temperature packed bed 5 and the waste heat discharging and dissipating heat exchanger 6. The pipeline F106 is suitable for communicating the waste heat discharging and dissipating heat exchanger 6 with the three-way valve A7, the pipeline G107 is suitable for communicating the three-way valve A7 with the three-way valve B8, the pipeline H108 is suitable for communicating the three-way valve B8 with the first-stage energy storage expander 10, the pipeline I109 is suitable for communicating the first-stage energy storage expander 10 with the second-stage energy storage expander 11, and the pipeline J110 is suitable for communicating the second-stage energy storage expander 11 with the low-temperature packed bed 12. The pipeline K111 is adapted to communicate the low-temperature packed bed 12 with the three-way valve C13, the pipeline L112 is adapted to communicate the three-way valve C13 with the external environment, the pipeline M113 is adapted to communicate the external environment with the third dehumidifying device 18, the pipeline N114 is adapted to communicate the three-way valve C13 with the third dehumidifying device 18, and the pipeline O115 is adapted to communicate the low-temperature packed bed 12 with the first-stage energy-releasing compressor 15. A pipeline P116 is suitable for communicating the first stage energy-releasing compressor 15 with the second stage energy-releasing compressor 16, a pipeline Q117 is suitable for communicating the second stage energy-releasing compressor 16 with the three-way valve D17, a pipeline R118 is suitable for communicating the second dehumidifying device 14 with the pump body 19, a pipeline S119 is suitable for communicating the pump body 19 with the three-way valve D17, and a pipeline T120 is suitable for communicating the three-way valve D17 with the three-way valve A7. Line U121 is adapted to communicate the high temperature packed bed 5 with the first stage energy releasing expander 20, line V122 is adapted to communicate the first stage energy releasing expander 20 with the second stage energy releasing expander 21, and line W123 is adapted to communicate the second stage energy releasing expander 21 with the external environment.
Wherein the flow control valve 9 is used for adjusting the air discharging speed of the air discharging structure.
The position relationship between the pump body 19 and the second dehumidifying device 14 is adjustable, air can pass through the pump body 19 first and then the second dehumidifying device 14, and air can pass through the second dehumidifying device 14 first and then the pump body 19.
In another embodiment, an open heat pump electricity storage method is further provided, which at least comprises the following steps: the redundant electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy by utilizing a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop; the heat energy and the cold energy are converted into electric energy by utilizing a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop are both communicated with the external environment, so that when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop converts redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and the external air enters the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop for heat transfer and is then discharged into the external environment; when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats, redundant air in the heating loop is discharged to the external environment through the air discharging structure, so that air pressure in the heating loop is reduced.
Before air in the external environment is sent to an air inlet end of a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop, a first dehumidifying device 1 is adopted to dehumidify the air.
When the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is used for converting heat energy and cold energy into electric energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and outside air is discharged to the outside environment after being transferred by the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop; when the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop releases heat, air in the external environment is sent into the heat release loop through the air supply structure, so that the air pressure in the heat release loop is increased.
Wherein, before the air in the external environment is sent into the heat release loop by adopting the air supply structure, the air is dehumidified by adopting the second dehumidifying device 14.
Before the outside air enters a cooling loop in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, a third dehumidifying device 18 is adopted to dehumidify the air.
In order to realize the specific operation process of the open heat pump electricity storage system:
when the power consumption is in the valley period, the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop is started to convert the electric energy into cold heat energy for storage.
The first-stage energy storage compressor 3, the second-stage energy storage compressor 4, the first-stage energy storage expander 10 and the second-stage energy storage expander 11 are in transmission connection, and the driving unit 2 is in driving connection with the first-stage energy storage compressor 3. Controlling the three-way valve A7 to enable the pipeline F106 to be communicated with the pipeline G107; the three-way valve C13 is controlled so that the line K111 and the line L112 communicate. The three-way passage of the three-way valve B8 is normally open.
Air at room temperature and room pressure is extracted from the external environment, and the air is dehumidified by the first dehumidifier 1 to obtain dry air. After sequentially flowing through the first-stage energy storage compressor 3, the pipeline C103 and the second-stage energy storage compressor 4, the dry air at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to a high-temperature, medium/high-pressure state, and then flows into the high-temperature packed bed 5 along the pipeline D104 to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material therein, so that heat energy is stored therein.
Because of the unsteady state of the system, the temperature of the normal-temperature and medium/high-pressure gas working medium flowing out of the high-temperature packed bed 5 may not be completely reduced to the room temperature, so that a waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6 is arranged, and the gas working medium flows into the waste heat discharging heat exchanger 6 along a pipeline E105 to discharge the waste heat to the environment. And then, the gas working medium with room temperature and medium/high pressure flows into the inlet of the energy storage expansion machine along a pipeline F106, a pipeline G107 and a pipeline H108, and sequentially passes through the first-stage energy storage expansion machine 10, the pipeline I109 and the second-stage energy storage expansion machine 11 to be expanded to a low-temperature normal-pressure state. The gas working medium with low temperature and normal pressure flows into the low-temperature packed bed 12 along the pipeline J110 to exchange heat with the solid heat storage working medium in the low-temperature packed bed, and the cold energy is stored in the low-temperature packed bed.
The normal temperature and normal pressure gas working medium flowing out from the low temperature packed bed 12 is directly discharged into the environment along the pipeline K111 and the pipeline L112. Air is continuously extracted from the environment, compressed and expanded, and the process is repeated, so that electric energy is continuously converted into cold energy and heat energy to be stored. Along with the proceeding of the energy storage process, the temperature of the gas in the high-temperature packed bed 5 is increased, and the density is reduced; the gas temperature in the low temperature packed bed 12 decreases and the density increases. In order to maintain the conservation of mass and the stability of pressure in the system, the opening of the flow control valve 9 is adjusted to exhaust air to the environment.
And when the power utilization peak is in, starting a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, and converting the stored high-grade heat energy and cold energy into electric energy for releasing.
Controlling the three-way valve A7 to enable the pipeline F106 to be communicated with the pipeline T120; controlling a three-way valve C13 to enable a pipeline K111 to be communicated with a pipeline N114; three-way valve D17 three passageways are normally open. The air at room temperature and pressure flows into the third dehumidifier 18 along the pipeline M113 to be dehumidified, so as to obtain dry air. The dry air at room temperature and pressure enters the low-temperature packed bed 12 along the pipeline N114 and the pipeline K111 to absorb the cold energy therein to a low-temperature and normal-pressure state.
The gas working medium with low temperature and normal pressure flows out from the low-temperature packed bed 12, flows into the inlet of the energy release compressor along the pipeline O115, and is compressed to normal temperature, medium/high pressure through the first-stage energy release compressor 15, the pipeline P116 and the second-stage energy release compressor 16 in sequence. After the normal temperature, medium/high pressure gas working medium discharges the waste heat to the environment through the waste heat discharging and dissipating heat exchanger 6 along the pipeline Q117, the pipeline T120 and the pipeline F106, the room temperature, medium/high pressure gas working medium enters the high temperature packed bed 5 along the pipeline E105 to absorb the high temperature heat energy to the high temperature, medium/high pressure state.
The high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the inlet of the energy-releasing expander along the pipeline U121. Sequentially passes through the first stage energy-releasing expansion machine 20, the pipeline V122 and the second stage energy-releasing expansion machine 21 to be expanded to a normal temperature and normal pressure state. The gaseous working substance is then discharged into the environment along line W123.
The first-stage energy-releasing compressor 15, the second-stage energy-releasing compressor 16, the first-stage energy-releasing expander 20 and the second-stage energy-releasing expander 21 are in transmission connection, and the energy-releasing expanders are in driving connection with the power generation unit 22.
Air is continuously extracted from the environment, dried and then enters the low-temperature packed bed 12 to absorb cold energy, compressed and enters the high-temperature packed bed 5 to absorb heat and do work through expansion, and the steps are repeated, so that the cold energy and the heat energy are continuously converted into electric energy to be released. In the process of energy release, the temperature in the high-temperature packed bed 5 gradually decreases, and the temperature in the low-temperature packed bed 12 gradually increases. In order to maintain the conservation of the mass of the working medium in the system and the stable pressure, the pressure regulating compressor is started, gas is pumped into the system, and the air is dehumidified to be dry through the pressure regulating pipeline dehumidifying device and then used.
And for the selection of the working medium, the flowing working medium in the system is all air.
Wherein, for the selection of the power equipment:
the drive unit 2 is a drive motor or an electric machine. When the driving unit 2 is a driving motor, one or more of the conventional power station valley electricity, nuclear electricity, wind electricity, solar power generation, hydroelectric power or tidal power generation is used as a power supply.
The total pressure ratio of the multistage energy storage compressor to the multistage energy release compressor is 3-20; when the compressor is a plurality of compressors, the plurality of compressors are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode. In the parallel connection mode, each branch shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft.
The total expansion ratio of the energy storage expander and the energy release expander is 3-20; when the expansion machines are a plurality of expansion machines, the expansion machines are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode; in the parallel connection mode, each branch shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft.
The multi-stage energy storage compressor, the multi-stage energy storage expander, the multi-stage energy release compressor and the multi-stage energy release expander shown in fig. 1 are all drawn in two stages, and actually, the number of stages can be 2-6.
For a storage device:
the high-temperature packed bed 5 and the low-temperature packed bed 12 are cylinders, spheres or cuboids, and the solid cold and heat storage medium is one or a combination of at least two of materials such as rocks, sand and stones, metal particles and solid bricks.
The first dehumidification device 1, the second dehumidification device 14, and the third dehumidification device 18 may be dehumidifiers.
In conclusion, the open heat pump electricity storage system provided by the invention can still realize the structure and the control scheme of working medium mass balance and pressure stability without using a buffer tank; the whole system adopts an open structure design, and air which is easy to obtain is used as a flowing working medium, so that the cost and the strict requirement on the system tightness are reduced; compared with helium compressors/expanders and argon compressors/expanders, the air compressor/expander has the advantages that the technology is relatively mature, the technical feasibility is improved, and the research and development difficulty is reduced.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An open heat pump electricity storage system comprises a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop, a heat pump and a heat pump, wherein the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop is suitable for converting redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy during electricity consumption valley; the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is suitable for converting the heat energy and the cold energy into electric energy at the peak of power utilization;
it is characterized by also comprising: the air discharging structure is suitable for discharging redundant air in the heating loop to the external environment when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats so as to reduce the air pressure in the heating loop;
the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop are both communicated with the external environment; when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop converts redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer;
the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop comprises a driving unit, a multistage energy storage compressor, a high-temperature packed bed, a three-way valve A, a multistage energy storage expander, a low-temperature packed bed and a three-way valve C;
the driving unit is connected with the multistage energy storage compressor and the multistage energy storage expander;
the air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is communicated with the external environment, the air outlet of the multistage energy storage compressor is connected with the air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed, the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed is connected with the air inlet of the multistage energy storage expander, the air outlet of the multistage energy storage expander is connected with the first air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed is communicated with the external environment;
the three-way valve A is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed and the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop;
the three-way valve C is suitable for being communicated with the external environment, a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed and the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop;
the air bleeding structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy storage expansion machine;
the air discharging structure comprises a three-way valve B and a flow control valve; the three-way valve B is suitable for being communicated with an air inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, the three-way valve A and one end of the flow control valve, and the other end of the flow control valve is communicated with the external environment;
the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a power generation unit, a multi-stage energy release compressor and a multi-stage energy release expander;
the power generation unit is connected with the multi-stage energy release expander and the multi-stage energy release compressor;
the air inlet of the multi-stage energy release expansion machine is connected with the second air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed, and the air outlet of the multi-stage energy release expansion machine is communicated with the external environment;
a second air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed is connected with an air inlet of the multi-stage energy release compressor;
the three-way valve A is suitable for being communicated with a gas inlet of the multistage energy storage expansion machine, a first gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed and a gas outlet of the multistage energy release compressor;
one interface of the three-way valve C is connected with a first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed, and the other two interfaces are communicated with the external environment;
when the cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy by using the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer;
the air supplementing structure is arranged on a pipeline between the three-way valve A and the multi-stage energy release compressor and is suitable for sending air in the external environment into the heat release loop to increase the air pressure in the heat release loop when the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop converts heat energy and cold energy into electric energy;
the air supplementing structure comprises a three-way valve D and a pump body; the three-way valve D is suitable for being communicated with an air outlet of the multistage energy-releasing compressor, the three-way valve A and an air outlet of the pump body, and an air inlet of the pump body is communicated with the external environment.
2. The open heat pump electric storage system of claim 1,
and a waste heat dissipation heat exchanger is arranged between the three-way valve A and the high-temperature packed bed and is suitable for adjusting the air flowing out of the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed to room temperature.
3. The open heat pump electric storage system of claim 1,
the air inlet of the first dehumidifying device is communicated with the external environment, and the air outlet of the first dehumidifying device is connected with the air inlet of the multistage energy storage compressor.
4. The open heat pump electric storage system of claim 1,
the air inlet of the second dehumidifying device is communicated with the external environment, and the air outlet of the second dehumidifying device is connected with the air inlet of the pump body and is suitable for dehumidifying the air entering the pump body.
5. An open heat pump electricity storage method comprising the open heat pump electricity storage system of any one of claims 1-4, comprising at least the steps of:
the redundant electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy by utilizing a heat pump refrigerating and heating loop;
converting the heat energy and the cold energy into electric energy by utilizing a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop;
the heat pump refrigerating and heating system is characterized in that an air inlet end and an air outlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop are both communicated with the external environment, so that when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop converts redundant electric energy into heat energy and cold energy, air is used as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and the external air enters the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop for heat transfer and then is discharged into the external environment;
when the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop heats, redundant air in the heating loop is discharged to the external environment through the air discharging structure, so that air pressure in the heating loop is reduced.
6. The open heat pump electricity storage method of claim 5,
before air in the external environment is sent to the air inlet end of the heat pump refrigerating and heating loop, a first dehumidifying device is adopted to dehumidify the air.
7. The open heat pump electricity storage method of claim 6,
when the heat energy and the cold energy are converted into electric energy by utilizing the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, air is adopted as a flowing working medium for heat transfer, and outside air is discharged to the outside environment after being transferred by the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop;
when the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop releases heat, air in the external environment is sent into the heat release loop through the air supply structure, so that the air pressure in the heat release loop is increased.
8. The open heat pump electricity storage method of claim 7,
before air in the external environment is sent to the heat release loop by adopting the air supplementing structure, the air is dehumidified by adopting a second dehumidifying device.
9. The open heat pump electricity storage method of claim 7,
and before the outside air enters a cold release loop in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, a third dehumidification device is adopted to carry out dehumidification treatment on the air.
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| US7821158B2 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2010-10-26 | Expansion Energy, Llc | System and method for liquid air production, power storage and power release |
| CN102052256B (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Supercritical air energy storage system |
| WO2012163082A1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-06 | Zhang Yuliang | Jet exhaust energy-saving method during thermodynamic process |
| US10221775B2 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-03-05 | Malta Inc. | Use of external air for closed cycle inventory control |
| CN107780989A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-03-09 | 浙江大学 | A kind of compressed air electric energy storing system |
| CN110206599B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Combined cooling, heating and power system |
| CN210665035U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-06-02 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Air source device for closed experimental system of compressor |
| CN111595605B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2022-05-20 | 国家能源大规模物理储能技术（毕节）研发中心 | Comprehensive experiment system for compressor and expander |
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