CN114277392A - Electrolytic device with ion trap, electrolytic method and electroplating method - Google Patents
Electrolytic device with ion trap, electrolytic method and electroplating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114277392A CN114277392A CN202111592547.1A CN202111592547A CN114277392A CN 114277392 A CN114277392 A CN 114277392A CN 202111592547 A CN202111592547 A CN 202111592547A CN 114277392 A CN114277392 A CN 114277392A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005040 ion trap Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolysis, and particularly relates to an electrolysis device with an ion trap, an electrolysis method and an electroplating method. The electrolysis device comprises an electrolysis bath, an anode and a cathode, and is characterized in that: still be provided with auxiliary electrode in the electrolysis trough, including the conductor portion in the auxiliary electrode, the outside parcel of conductor portion has the insulating casing. The electrolysis device provided by the invention can reduce the energy consumption of the electrolysis process. In addition, when the electrolytic device provided by the invention is used for electroplating, a plurality of electroplated layers with different compactness degrees can be prepared, and more possibilities are provided for the development of new materials and equipment. Therefore, the invention has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolysis, and particularly relates to an electrolysis device with an ion trap, an electrolysis method and an electroplating method.
Background
Electrolysis is an important industrial production method, which is a process of performing synthesis of chemicals, production of high-purity substances, and treatment of material surfaces by utilizing an electrochemical reaction occurring at an interface between an electrode as an electronic conductor and an electrolyte as an ionic conductor. When the power is on, cations in the electrolyte move to the cathode to absorb electrons, and a reduction reaction is carried out to generate a new substance; the anions in the electrolyte move to the anode to release electrons, and an oxidation reaction occurs to generate a new substance.
Common electrolysis processes include hydrogen and oxygen production by water electrolysis, alkali production by brine electrolysis, electrolytic purification in the metallurgical industry, electroplating for surface processing, and the like. These electrolytic processes are all energy intensive industries. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption of the electrolytic process is always an important issue of concern in the field. The existing method for reducing the energy consumption of electrolysis comprises the following steps: cooling, reducing the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, increasing the conductivity of the electrolyte and the like. However, the reduction effect of these methods on energy consumption is still not ideal, and thus, the reduction of energy consumption is still a significant problem to be solved in the field of electrolytic processes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an electrolysis device with an ion trap, an electrolysis method and an electroplating method, aiming at reducing the energy consumption of the electrolysis process.
The electrolytic device with the ion trap comprises an electrolytic tank, an anode and a cathode, wherein an auxiliary electrode is further arranged in the electrolytic tank, a conductor part is arranged in the auxiliary electrode, and an insulating shell wraps the outside of the conductor part.
Preferably, the auxiliary electrode is located in a region between the anode and the cathode.
Preferably, the auxiliary electrode is located below or at the side of the anode and the cathode.
Preferably, the anode and the auxiliary electrode are cylindrical, the anode is sleeved outside the auxiliary electrode, and the cathode is located inside the auxiliary electrode.
Preferably, the auxiliary electrode is a mesh structure.
Preferably, the electrolytic cell is filled with an electrolytic system, and the electrolytic system is a liquid electrolyte or hydrogel.
The invention also provides an electrolysis method, wherein the electrolysis process is carried out in the electrolysis device, and the following steps are alternately or continuously carried out in the electrolysis process:
[1] loading a voltage lower than the voltage value of the anode on the auxiliary electrode, and driving positive ions generated on the surface of the anode to the auxiliary electrode;
[2] a voltage higher than the voltage value of the cathode is applied to the auxiliary electrode, and anions generated on the surface of the cathode are driven to the auxiliary electrode.
Preferably, the specific process of electrolysis is as follows: hydrogen production by water electrolysis, oxygen production by water electrolysis, alkali production by brine electrolysis, electrolytic purification or electroplating.
Preferably, the voltage loaded on the auxiliary electrode is a pulse voltage;
and/or the voltage loaded on the auxiliary electrode is 1 to 4 ten thousand volts relative to the voltage on the anode or the cathode.
The invention also provides an electroplating method, wherein the electroplating process is carried out in the electrolysis device, and the compactness of the electroplated layer on the surface of the workpiece is adjusted by changing the magnitude of the voltage loaded on the auxiliary electrode in the electroplating process.
In the present invention, the "hydrogel" is a very hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure gel which rapidly swells in water and can retain a large volume of water without dissolving in this swollen state. As a preferable mode, the hydrogel in the present invention is a low crosslinking type polyacrylate type super absorbent resin.
When the electrolysis device and the method of the invention are adopted, when the auxiliary electrode is loaded with a voltage with a lower potential than the anode, the positive ions generated on the surface of the anode can be quickly driven to the vicinity of the auxiliary electrode by the electric field formed between the auxiliary electrode and the anode, thus greatly reducing the problem of the generation of heat in the vicinity of the anode. When the positive ions near the auxiliary electrode reach saturation, a voltage with a higher potential than that of the negative electrode is applied to the auxiliary electrode, and at the moment, the positive ions near the auxiliary electrode are driven by an electric field between the auxiliary electrode and the negative electrode to rapidly move towards the negative electrode, and meanwhile, the negative ions near the negative electrode are driven to be near the auxiliary electrode, so that the temperature and the energy consumption of a negative electrode area are reduced.
The device can also be used for an electroplating process, and when the electrolysis device is used for electroplating, the density and the surface condition of an electroplated layer can be accurately controlled in the electroplating process through the potential adjustment of the auxiliary electrode, so that the bottleneck of the electroplating industry is broken through.
Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of an electrolytic apparatus of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an auxiliary electrode in the electrolytic apparatus according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an electrolytic apparatus of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the applied pulse voltage of the electrolysis apparatus of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of an electrolytic apparatus of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of an electrolytic apparatus of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of an electrolyzing apparatus which is an embodiment 5 of the present invention.
The device comprises an electrolytic tank 1, an anode 2, an electrolyte 3, an auxiliary electrode 4, a cathode 5, a conductor 6, an insulating shell 7, a partition plate 8, an anode gas collecting space 9, a cathode gas collecting space 10, an oxygen outlet 11, a hydrogel 12, a hydrogen outlet 13 and a water replenishing port 14.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides an electrolytic device with an ion trap, as shown in fig. 1, which includes an electrolytic cell 1, an anode 2 and a cathode 5, wherein an auxiliary electrode 4 is further disposed in the electrolytic cell 1, the auxiliary electrode 4 includes a conductor portion 6, the exterior of the conductor portion 6 is wrapped by an insulating shell 7, and the conductor portion 6 can be completely insulated from an electrolytic system by the insulating shell 7. The conductor portion 6 is connected to a power source for applying a voltage through a wire. The auxiliary electrode 4 is located between the anode 2 and the cathode 5.
When the electrolytic device works, cations in the electrolyte 3 move to the cathode 5, anions move to the anode 2, and on the surface of the anode 2, the anions are subjected to electron removal to form a new substance and generate cations with electron deficiency, so that at the moment, both the anions and the cations on the surface of the anode are rich in substances with electron loss, and the substances are easily recombined into stable substances to emit a large amount of heat, thereby consuming electric energy. When the auxiliary electrode is applied with a voltage having a lower potential than the anode 2, the electric field formed between the auxiliary electrode 4 and the anode 2 rapidly drives the cations generated on the surface of the anode 2 to the vicinity of the auxiliary electrode 4, thereby greatly reducing the amount of heat generated in the vicinity of the anode 2. When the positive ions near the auxiliary electrode 4 are saturated, a voltage higher than the potential of the cathode 5 is applied to the auxiliary electrode 4, and at this time, the positive ions near the auxiliary electrode 4 are driven by the electric field between the auxiliary electrode and the cathode to rapidly move to the cathode, and the negative ions near the cathode 5 are driven to the vicinity of the auxiliary electrode 4, thereby reducing the temperature and energy consumption in the region of the cathode 5.
Example 2
This example is an improvement of example 1 for a diaphragm-free electrolytic water system, as shown in fig. 2. Specifically, a partition plate 8 is arranged between the anode 2 and the cathode 5, the upper space of the electrolytic bath 1 is divided into an anode gas collecting space 9 and a cathode gas collecting space 10, and a communicated space is arranged below the partition plate 8 for the free passage of the electrolyte 3, anions and cations. The auxiliary electrode 4 is disposed in the communicating space below the separator 8.
The device of this embodiment is during operation: a voltage is applied between the anode 2 and the cathode 5, a positive voltage is applied to the anode 5, a negative voltage is applied to the cathode 5, and an electrolysis phenomenon occurs. When the area of the anode 2 is produced in large quantity with the hydroxyl ions generated by the newly generated oxygen, the voltage application between the anode 2 and the cathode 5 is stopped, and the auxiliary electrode 4 is applied with a lower potential than the anode 2 immediately, at this time, the hydroxyl ions are gathered to the auxiliary electrode 4, after the gathering is completed, the auxiliary electrode 4 is disconnected from the applied potential, the hydroxyl ions are released, then the voltage application between the anode 2 and the cathode 5 is carried out again, and the process is repeated to circulate continuously.
The voltage control process is shown in fig. 3, wherein curve a is a curve of applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode, and curve b is a curve of applying a lower potential to the auxiliary electrode 4 than to the anode.
In the figure, a voltage is alternately applied between the anode 2 and the cathode 5 and between the auxiliary electrode 4 and the anode 2. Since the auxiliary electrode is insulated from the electrolyte, its voltage curve is not a square wave. In the curve a, the electrolytic cell 1 is in the state of oxygen production by electrolysis at the peak part of the time, the area near the anode 2 is enriched with fresh oxygen and hydroxide ions, when the curve b is in the state of valley, the curve b is at the peak, the auxiliary electrode 4 is loaded with a lower potential than the anode, and the hydroxide ions in the area near the anode are driven to the vicinity of the auxiliary electrode 4 by the electric field, so that the concentration of the hydroxide ions near the anode is reduced, a low hydroxide concentration environment is provided for increasing the electrolysis efficiency by loading voltage between the anode and the cathode next time, and the heating value near the anode is reduced.
Example 3
At present, the application of electrolyzing water to prepare oxygen is mainly focused on the fields of space stations and manned spaceflight. The space station is in a weightless state, so that complicated parts such as gas-water separation, heat control and the like are added to an electrolysis system, and natural energy consumption and emission quality are increased a lot.
This example is an improvement on example 1 to produce a device for producing oxygen by electrolyzing water in a zero-gravity environment, as shown in fig. 5.
An anode 2 is arranged on one side in an electrolytic cell 1, a cathode 5 is arranged on the other side in the electrolytic cell 1, hydrogel 12 is filled between the anode 2 and the cathode 5, an auxiliary electrode 4 is inserted into the middle of the hydrogel 12, an anode gas collecting space 9 is formed between the anode 2 and the side wall of the electrolytic cell 1, and an oxygen gas outlet 11 is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic cell 1 at the side of the anode gas collecting space 9; a cathode gas-collecting space 10 is formed between the cathode 5 and the side wall of the electrolytic cell, a hydrogen gas outlet 13 is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic cell 1 at the side of the cathode gas-collecting space 10, and a water replenishing opening 14 is arranged at the wall of the electrolytic cell contacted with the hydrogel 12.
When the device works, the technical process is similar to the application scheme. Here in particular: the electrolyte 3 of the above application scheme was replaced with the hydrogel 12. Since a large amount of water in the hydrogel 12 is adsorbed and restrained by the gel, the water cannot float, overflow and scatter in a weightless state, and the anode 2, the cathode 5 and the water (electrolyte) in the hydrogel are mutually in a stable state, so that the continuity of electrolysis is ensured. In the electrolysis process, oxygen generated at the anode is collected in the anode gas collecting space 9 and then discharged through the oxygen outlet, hydrogen generated at the cathode is collected in the cathode gas collecting space 10 and then discharged through the hydrogen outlet 13, and clean water is introduced into the water replenishing port 14 to replenish water consumed by electrolysis.
The auxiliary electrode in the application scheme is woven into a net by using a polytetrafluoroethylene insulated wire. The peak value of the voltage loaded between the auxiliary electrode and the anode is 1 to 4 ten thousand volts.
The electrolysis device of the embodiment can ensure the continuous and effective electrolysis process under the conditions of weightlessness, severe shaking and overturning, and has small heat productivity and less electricity consumption in the electrolysis process.
Example 4
This example is an improvement of example 1 with respect to the electroplating system, and the structure thereof is shown in fig. 6. It differs from example 1 in that the metal to be plated is used as the anode 2 and the workpiece to be plated is used as the cathode 5.
When the device is in operation, metal ions in the electrolyte used as the plating solution move from the anode 2 to the cathode of the workpiece to be plated and deposit on the surface of the cathode 5 of the workpiece to be plated. When the auxiliary electrode 4 is applied with high voltage, metal ions are driven by the electric field of the auxiliary electrode 4 and stay near the auxiliary electrode 4, only a small amount of metal ions reach and attach to the surface of the cathode 5 of the workpiece to be electroplated, and the electroplated layer is dense. When the voltage applied to the auxiliary electrode 4 is low or negative, the metal ions are driven by the electric field of the auxiliary electrode 4 and rapidly leave the vicinity of the auxiliary electrode, and a large amount of metal ions reach and adhere to the cathode surface of the workpiece to be plated even in a pulse state, so that the plating layer is loose. Therefore, the state of the electroplating layer can be accurately controlled by loading the voltage of the auxiliary electrode, and the control can form a plurality of layers of different sparse and dense layers on one electroplating surface, and the accuracy can reach the nanometer level.
The multiple electroplated layers with different compactness degrees provide more possibilities for the development of new materials and equipment.
The application of the device of the embodiment is as follows: the surface of the metal base material is plated with a dense layer, then plated with a loose layer and then plated with a dense layer (the dense layer and the loose layer can be further alternately repeated for multiple layers to thicken the plating layer). The thermal conductivity of the surface coating thus obtained is much lower than that of the metal base material. The coating structure is applied to the turbine blade of a high-power jet engine, the coating on the surface of the blade is in a semi-molten state under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the surface of the blade contains loose coatings, so that the thermal conductivity is low, and the blade base material can still be effectively cooled and maintain basic mechanical strength.
Example 5
This example is an improvement of the electroplating system based on example 4, and the structure thereof is shown in fig. 7.
The anode 2 (metal to be electroplated) and the auxiliary electrode 4 are both cylindrical, the anode 2 is sleeved outside the auxiliary electrode 4, and the cathode 5 (workpiece to be electroplated) is positioned inside the auxiliary electrode 4.
As can be seen from the above examples, the present invention provides a novel electrolysis apparatus, which comprises an auxiliary electrode insulated from an electrolysis (or electroplating) system, and by applying a voltage to the auxiliary electrode, the movement speed of ions in the electrolysis system can be adjusted, so as to reduce the generation of heat near the electrode, and further reduce the energy consumption of the electrolysis process. The electrolytic device is applied to an electroplating system, and the speed of metal ions reaching a workpiece can be accurately adjusted, so that a plurality of electroplated layers with different compactness degrees can be prepared, and more possibilities are provided for the development of new materials and equipment. Therefore, the invention has good application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolysis device with an ion trap comprising an electrolysis cell (1), an anode (2) and a cathode (5), characterized in that: still be provided with auxiliary electrode (4) in electrolysis trough (1), including conductor portion (6) in auxiliary electrode (4), the outside parcel of conductor portion (6) has insulating casing (7).
2. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that: the auxiliary electrode (4) is located between the anode (2) and the cathode (5).
3. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that: the auxiliary electrode (4) is positioned below the anode (2) and the cathode (5).
4. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that: the anode (2) and the auxiliary electrode (4) are both cylindrical, the anode (2) is sleeved outside the auxiliary electrode (4), and the cathode (5) is located inside the auxiliary electrode (4).
5. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that: the auxiliary electrode (4) is of a net structure.
6. An electrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: an electrolytic system is arranged in the electrolytic cell (1), and the electrolytic system is a liquid electrolyte or hydrogel (12).
7. An electrolysis method, characterized in that: the process of electrolysis is carried out in an electrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, during which the following steps are carried out alternately or continuously:
[1] loading a voltage lower than the voltage value of the anode on the auxiliary electrode, and driving positive ions generated on the surface of the anode to the auxiliary electrode;
[2] a voltage higher than the voltage value of the cathode is applied to the auxiliary electrode, and anions generated on the surface of the cathode are driven to the auxiliary electrode.
8. The electrolytic process of claim 7, wherein: the specific process of electrolysis is as follows: hydrogen production by water electrolysis, oxygen production by water electrolysis, alkali production by brine electrolysis or electrolytic purification.
9. The electrolytic process of claim 7, wherein: the voltage loaded on the auxiliary electrode is pulse voltage; and/or the voltage loaded on the auxiliary electrode is 1 to 4 ten thousand volts relative to the voltage on the anode or the cathode.
10. An electroplating method is characterized in that: the electroplating process is carried out in the electrolytic device of any one of claims 1 to 6, and the compactness of the electroplated layer on the surface of the workpiece is adjusted by changing the magnitude of the voltage loaded on the auxiliary electrode during the electroplating process.
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Citations (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN1267342A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2000-09-20 | 阿托特德国有限公司 | Method and device for regulating concentration of substaces in electrolytes |
CN1616721A (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-18 | 章浩龙 | Electrolytic electrode and its using method |
CN101532146A (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2009-09-16 | 郭建国 | Constant current electrolytic cell in stable strong electric field and electrolysis device thereof |
CN113373496A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Electrochemical treatment auxiliary electrode and use method |
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2021
- 2021-12-23 CN CN202111592547.1A patent/CN114277392B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1267342A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2000-09-20 | 阿托特德国有限公司 | Method and device for regulating concentration of substaces in electrolytes |
CN1616721A (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-18 | 章浩龙 | Electrolytic electrode and its using method |
CN101532146A (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2009-09-16 | 郭建国 | Constant current electrolytic cell in stable strong electric field and electrolysis device thereof |
CN113373496A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Electrochemical treatment auxiliary electrode and use method |
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