CN114277318B - Large-specification ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar - Google Patents
Large-specification ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-specification ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.46 to 0.55%, si:0.30 to 0.60%, mn: 1.85-2.10%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.015-0.050%, cr:0.20 to 0.60%, ni:0.02 to 0.15%, mo: 0.02-0.25%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.02 to 0.05%, nb:0.001 to 0.040%, V:0.10 to 0.25%, N: 0.006-0.012%, O is less than or equal to 0.002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. The specification ferrite-pearlite type non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod disclosed by the invention has good plasticity and toughness, is easy to cut and process, and has good matching of strength, hardness and toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-quenched and tempered steel forged bars, in particular to a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar.
Background
In recent years, with continuous optimization and upgrading of the automobile industry, microalloy non-quenched and tempered steel has increasingly outstanding advantages of replacing quenched and tempered steel for application in the automobile industry, and is increasingly widely applied to automobile forgings due to excellent processing performance, toughness, environment benefit of green energy conservation and lower production cost.
The non-quenched and tempered steel is usually prepared by adding microalloyed elements such as vanadium and the like on the basis of medium and low carbon steel, and by forging and controlled cooling, carbonitride is dispersed and precipitated in ferrite and pearlite to generate a strengthening effect, so that the steel with the mechanical property equivalent to that of quenched and tempered steel can be obtained without quenching and tempering after forging, and the strength of the steel can completely reach the strength level of 900-1000 MPa of the quenched and tempered steel. However, the structure is ferrite-pearlite structure, the toughness of the structure is generally lower than that of tempered sorbite structure of quenched and tempered steel, and precipitation strengthening of coherent precipitates further reduces the toughness of the steel, so that the application of non-quenched and tempered steel on impact load bearing parts is limited, and the defects of poor matching of strength, hardness and toughness are commonly existed in the non-quenched and tempered steel. The ferrite pearlite type non-quenched and tempered steel in the market is generally suitable for the specification with the diameter phi of less than 120mm, and a forged rod with the diameter of more than phi 120mm is poor in matching between strength and toughness due to insufficient hardenability and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the Chinese patent CN107587076B relates to a large bar rolling process meeting the requirements of ferrite + pearlite type non-quenched and tempered steel structures for heavy-duty automobile engine crankshafts. The main production process flow of the large bar is as follows: continuous casting bloom → heating furnace heating → reversible rolling mill rough rolling → continuous rolling mill finish rolling → sawing → cold bed cold control → bundling → heat preservation pit slow cooling. In order to meet the requirements on the original austenite grain size, ferrite proportion and structure uniformity of the core part of a rolled material, the control method gives specific requirements on a continuous casting billet heating system, a hot rolling deformation system, a finish rolling temperature, a cooling speed of a pre-eutectoid ferrite precipitation temperature interval and a pit entering temperature. After the control method is adopted, the core structure of the rolled material is ferrite plus pearlite; the prior austenite grain size is not less than 6.0 grade, the ferrite proportion is not less than 25 percent, the banded structure is not more than 2.0 grade, the structure is uniform, and abnormal coarse grains are avoided. Thereby meeting the organization requirement of the international leading heavy-duty automobile engine non-quenched and tempered steel crankshaft on raw materials. However, the non-heat treated steel is still to be further improved in plasticity, toughness and machinability.
Therefore, the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod which is good in plasticity and toughness, easy to machine and good in matching of strength, hardness and toughness is developed, meets market requirements, has wide market value and application prospect, and has very important significance for promoting further development of non-quenched and tempered steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod which is good in plasticity and toughness, easy to machine and good in matching of strength, hardness and toughness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.46 to 0.55%, si:0.30 to 0.60%, mn: 1.85-2.10%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.015-0.050%, cr:0.20 to 0.60%, ni:0.02 to 0.15%, mo: 0.02-0.25%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.02 to 0.05%, nb:0.001 to 0.040%, V:0.10 to 0.25%, N: 0.006-0.012%, O is less than or equal to 0.002%, and the rest is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, among the inevitable impurities, ti is 0.0015% or less and Ca is 0.003% or less.
Preferably, the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod is manufactured by heating, forging and controlled cooling processes of a steel ingot in sequence.
Preferably, the steel ingot heating specifically comprises the following steps:
and S101, inspecting defects such as turning, cracks and the like on the surface of the steel ingot before heating, and not allowing defects such as inclusions, cold splashing, pits, bumps, scabs, wrinkles and the like with the height and the depth of more than 5 mm. If there is defect, it should be removed;
s102, charging, wherein the position of a steel ingot is recorded according to the furnace number and the steel type;
step S103, heating, wherein the heating furnace waits for materials at the temperature of 450-600 ℃, the steel ingot is placed in the furnace and then is kept for 100-150 min, the temperature is raised to 780-820 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of less than or equal to 2 ℃/min and is kept for 100-160 min, and the temperature is raised to 1210-1240 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of less than or equal to 5 ℃/min and is kept for 900-1100 min.
Preferably, the forging is specifically: the forging temperature is 1180-1230 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then, round pressing is carried out, then, round throwing is carried out, the total forging ratio is 3.5-6, the finish forging temperature is 820-760 ℃, oxide skins are timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced.
Preferably, the controlled cooling process specifically comprises the following steps: after forging, a fan is adopted to control the cooling speed, and the temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 450 ℃ at the cooling speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃/min for air cooling.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made.
A large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.46 to 0.55%, si:0.30 to 0.60%, mn: 1.85-2.10%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.015-0.050%, cr:0.20 to 0.60%, ni:0.02 to 0.15%, mo: 0.02-0.25%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.02 to 0.05%, nb:0.001 to 0.040%, V:0.10 to 0.25%, N: 0.006-0.012%, O is less than or equal to 0.002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, among the inevitable impurities, ti is 0.0015% or less and Ca is 0.003% or less.
The microstructure of the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar is a ferrite and pearlite structure (the ferrite proportion is 15-30%).
The surface hardness of the large-specification ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm) is 300-320 HB, the core hardness is 280-300 HB, the elongation A is more than or equal to 12%, the reduction of area Z is more than or equal to 50%, and the Charpy impact energy AkU is more than or equal to 27J.
Wherein, C: carbon is a main alloy element of the steel material, and a solid solution structure is formed in the steel, so that the strength of ferrite in the steel can be improved; meanwhile, the steel is matched with N element to form carbide structure, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel can be improved. Through calculation and laboratory research, the content of carbon which is 0.46 to 0.55 percent of the steel is determined to be added.
Si: it is beneficial to strength improvement in steel. An appropriate amount of Si avoids the formation of coarse carbides during tempering, but a higher Si content reduces the impact toughness of the steel. In the present invention, the Si content is set as: 0.30 to 0.60 percent.
Mn: manganese is a main element that can significantly improve hardenability. However, manganese has the disadvantage of promoting the growth of austenitized grains in the steel, and the content of manganese should be controlled. In the steel, the manganese content is 1.10-1.60% and is matched with carbon element, so that the yield strength index is ensured. Meanwhile, mn and Fe form a solid solution, and the strength of ferrite and austenite is improved; mn makes the structure uniform and weak carbide forming elements enter cementite to replace part of Fe atoms. In the invention, the Mn content is set as follows: 1.85 to 2.10 percent.
P: it is considered that grain boundary segregation in steel lowers grain boundary bonding energy and deteriorates impact toughness of steel. In the invention, the content of P is set as follows: 0.010-0.025%, and can improve strength.
S: can form sulfide inclusion with Mn in steel, and improve the cutting performance of steel. However, too high a sulfur content is disadvantageous in hot working and lowers the impact resistance of the steel. In the invention, the S content is set as follows: 0.015 to 0.050 percent.
Cr: the hardenability of the steel can be improved, a hardened bainite structure is formed, and the strength of the steel is improved. Too high Cr content results in coarse carbide formation and reduced impact properties. In the invention, the Cr content is set as follows: 0.20 to 0.60 percent.
Aluminum: aluminum is a deoxidizer and a refined grain element, but experiments show that excessive Al can often form Al2O3 nonmetallic inclusions, and the nonmetallic inclusions which are difficult to deform can often become fatigue fracture sources and influence the impact resistance of the bearing. In the steel of the present invention, al is combined with N to form AlN particles, improving the yield strength of the steel. The steel grade has the obvious technical characteristics that the finished product is controlled to be 0.02-0.05 percent.
Niobium: typical grain refining elements, 0.001-0.040% of niobium can effectively form carbide, and metallurgical performance is improved. However, too much niobium tends to cause aggregation of the corresponding carbides, which is detrimental to the overall properties of the steel.
Nitrogen: the nitrogen element is an important alloy element of the steel, refined grain elements such as AlN formed by aluminum and nitrogen, nbCN formed by niobium and nitrogen are precipitated at grain boundaries to obtain the grain size of 7-9 levels, and the nitrogen content is controlled to be 0.006-0.012%.
Molybdenum: molybdenum element can improve hardenability and forging structure, especially large-size forging rod can effectively and uniformly forge structure, and the invention can control 0.02-0.25% molybdenum to play corresponding role.
Titanium: as an impurity element in the steel, the content of titanium is less than or equal to 0.0015 percent.
Preferably, the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod is manufactured by heating, forging and controlled cooling processes of a steel ingot in sequence.
Preferably, the steel ingot heating specifically comprises the following steps:
and S101, inspecting defects such as turning, cracks and the like on the surface of the steel ingot before heating, and not allowing defects such as inclusions, cold splashing, pits, bumps, scabs, wrinkles and the like with the height and the depth of more than 5 mm. If there is defect, it should be removed;
s102, charging, wherein the position of a steel ingot is recorded according to the furnace number and the steel type;
and S103, heating, wherein the heating furnace waits for material at the temperature of 450-600 ℃, the steel ingot is heated and then is kept for 100-150 min, the temperature is increased to 780-820 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of less than or equal to 2 ℃/min and is kept for 100-160 min, and the temperature is increased to 1210-1240 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of less than or equal to 5 ℃/min and is kept for 900-1100 min.
Preferably, the forging is specifically: the forging temperature is 1180-1230 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then, round pressing is carried out, then, round throwing is carried out, the total forging ratio is 3.5-6, the finish forging temperature is 820-760 ℃, oxide skins are timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced.
Preferably, the controlled cooling process specifically comprises the following steps: after forging, a fan is adopted to control the cooling speed, and the temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 450 ℃ at the cooling speed of 1.5-2.5 ℃/min for air cooling.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod which is good in plasticity and toughness, easy to machine and good in matching of strength, hardness and toughness; by reasonably designing chemical components and combining an optimization process, steel with high strength and toughness matched is developed, a large-size bar is forged, and a structure with ferrite and pearlite as main components and fine and dispersed precipitates are formed. The material has good plasticity and toughness, and is easy to cut; the surface hardness of the non-quenched and tempered forged rod (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm) is 300-320 HB, the core hardness is 280-300 HB, the elongation A is more than or equal to 12%, the reduction of area Z is more than or equal to 50%, and the Charpy impact energy AkU is more than or equal to 27J.
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
The embodiment provides a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm), which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.46%, si:0.30%, mn:1.85%, P:0.010%, S is less than or equal to 0.015-0.050%, cr:0.20 to 0.60%, ni:0.02 to 0.15%, mo: 0.02-0.25%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.02 to 0.05%, nb:0.001 to 0.040%, V:0.10 to 0.25%, N: 0.006-0.012%, O is less than or equal to 0.002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Among the inevitable impurities, ti is less than or equal to 0.0015 percent, and Ca is less than or equal to 0.003 percent.
The large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar is manufactured by heating, forging and controlled cooling processes of steel ingots in sequence.
The steel ingot heating specifically comprises the following steps:
and S101, detecting defects such as turnover, cracks and the like on the surface of the steel ingot before heating, and not allowing defects such as inclusion, cold splashing, pits, bumps, scabs, wrinkles and the like with the height and the depth exceeding 5 mm. If there is defect, it should be removed;
s102, charging, wherein the position of a steel ingot is recorded according to the furnace number and the steel type;
and S103, heating, wherein the heating furnace waits for material at the temperature of 450 ℃, the steel ingot is heated and then is kept for 100min, the temperature is increased to 780 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of less than or equal to 2 ℃/min and is kept for 100min, and the temperature is increased to 1210 ℃ at the temperature increasing speed of less than or equal to 5 ℃/min and is kept for 900min.
The forging method specifically comprises the following steps: the forging starting temperature is 1180 ℃, square drawing is firstly carried out, then, rounding is carried out, the total forging ratio is 3.5, the finish forging temperature is 820 ℃, oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced.
The controlled cooling process specifically comprises the following steps: after forging, a fan is adopted to control the cooling speed, and the temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 450 ℃ at the cooling speed of 1.5 ℃/min for air cooling.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a large-specification ferrite-pearlite forged bar (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm) of non-quenched and tempered steel, which is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the components in percentage by weight are as follows: c:0.48%, si:0.40%, mn:1.95%, P:0.015 percent, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, cr:0.30%, ni:0.04%, mo:0.07%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.03%, nb:0.009%, V:0.15%, N:0.008 percent, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm), which is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.51%, si:0.45%, mn:1.97%, P:0.022%, S is less than or equal to 0.035%, cr:0.40%, ni:0.10%, mo:0.19%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.035%, nb:0.028%, V:0.19%, N:0.010 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm), which is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.53%, si:0.55%, mn:2.00%, P:0.023%, S is less than or equal to 0.046%, cr:0.55%, ni:0.13%, mo:0.23%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.045%, nb:0.030%, V:0.22%, N:0.010 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod (the diameter is more than or equal to 120 mm), which is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.55%, si:0.60%, mn:2.10%, P:0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.050%, cr:0.60%, ni:0.15%, mo:0.25%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.05%, nb:0.040%, V:0.25%, N:0.012 percent, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of O, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a large-gauge ferritic-pearlite-type non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar (diameter. Gtoreq.120 mm) substantially the same as in example 1, except that Nb and P were not added.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a large-gauge ferritic-pearlite-type non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar (diameter. Gtoreq.120 mm) which is substantially the same as example 1 except that Mo and N are not added.
In order to further explain the beneficial technical effects of the products of the embodiments of the application, the large-sized ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bars prepared by the embodiments are subjected to related performance tests, the test results are shown in table 1, and the test methods refer to the current corresponding national standards in China or the conventional methods in the field.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the large-sized ferrite-pearlite type non-quenched and tempered steel forged bars manufactured by the method in the embodiment of the application have more excellent performance than the comparative examples, and the performance can be improved by the cooperation of the Nb, the P, the Mo and the N and other components.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod is provided, the diameter of which is more than or equal to 120mm, and the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.55%, si:0.60%, mn:2.10%, P:0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.050%, cr:0.60%, ni:0.15%, mo:0.25%, cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, al:0.05%, nb:0.040%, V:0.25%, N:0.012 percent, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of O, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
among the inevitable impurities, ti is less than or equal to 0.0015 percent, and Ca is less than or equal to 0.003 percent;
the large-size ferrite-pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel forged bar is manufactured by heating, forging and controlled cooling processes of steel ingots in sequence;
the steel ingot heating specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, detecting defects such as turning, cracks and the like on the surface of the steel ingot before heating, and not allowing defects such as inclusions, cold splashing, pits, bumps, scabs, wrinkles and the like with the height and the depth of more than 5mm, wherein the defects are removed if the defects exist;
s102, charging, wherein the position of a steel ingot is recorded according to the furnace number and the steel type;
s103, heating, namely, waiting for material feeding at the temperature of 450 ℃ by a heating furnace, keeping the temperature of a steel ingot after the steel ingot is loaded for 100min, raising the temperature to 780 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of less than or equal to 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 100min, raising the temperature to 1210 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of less than or equal to 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 900min;
the forging method specifically comprises the following steps: the forging starting temperature is 1180 ℃, the square is firstly pulled out, the round is pressed, then the round is thrown, the total forging ratio is 3.5, the finish forging temperature is 820 ℃, oxide skin is timely cleaned in the forging process, and surface defects are reduced;
the controlled cooling process specifically comprises the following steps: after forging, a fan is adopted to control the cooling speed, and the temperature is reduced to be less than or equal to 450 ℃ at the cooling speed of 1.5 ℃/min for air cooling.
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| JPH10235447A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-08 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Manufacture of ferrite plus pearlite type non-heattreated steel forged product having high toughness and high yield strength |
| CN105018698A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-04 | 江苏龙城精锻有限公司 | Medium-carbon non-tempered steel post-forging temperature controlling and cooling method |
| CN106555114B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-03-13 | 北京科技大学 | The bayesian body controlling means of ferrite+pearlite type non-hardened and tempered steel crankshaft forging |
| CN107587076B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-04-12 | 北京科技大学 | Crankshaft major diameter ferrite+pearlite type non-hardened and tempered steel bar production method |
| CN109182910A (en) * | 2018-10-20 | 2019-01-11 | 江苏铸鸿锻造有限公司 | A kind of carbon manganese steel forging circle of low-temperature impact-resistant and preparation method thereof |
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| 铁素体-珠光体型非调质钢中的微合金化及锻造工艺;刘栋林等;《钢铁研究学报》;20131215(第12期);全文 * |
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