CN114273768A - Electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents
Electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114273768A CN114273768A CN202210061648.4A CN202210061648A CN114273768A CN 114273768 A CN114273768 A CN 114273768A CN 202210061648 A CN202210061648 A CN 202210061648A CN 114273768 A CN114273768 A CN 114273768A
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Abstract
The invention provides an electron beam multi-wire collaborative additive manufacturing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The multi-wire co-feeding and multi-wire co-feeding functions can be realized, and the high-melting-point pure metal wire or high-temperature alloy wire is used as a raw material, so that the problems of preparation and forming of high-temperature alloy and high-temperature composite materials are solved. It includes real empty room, electron gun, thread feeding mechanism, base plate and work platform, electron gun fixed connection is at real empty room top, thread feeding mechanism is equipped with a plurality ofly, and a plurality of thread feeding mechanism all place at real empty room top to use the electron gun axle center as centre of a circle equipartition setting, the workstation sets up in the vacuum chamber, the base plate sets up on the workstation, work platform is located the below of electron gun. In addition, the technical scheme of the invention can be popularized and applied to the rapid preparation of other metals and alloys, and is particularly suitable for the preparation and forming of metal matrix gradient composite materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing device and method.
Background
The traditional high-temperature alloy is a metal material which can work for a long time at a high temperature of more than 600 ℃ under the action of certain stress and is obtained by alloying by taking iron, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten and the like as a matrix, has excellent high-temperature strength, hot corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, and is mainly applied to the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry and energy. With the development of high temperature alloys, more and more metals or alloys are classified into the category of high temperature materials, such as TiAl intermetallic compounds, metal-based high temperature composites, refractory medium/high entropy alloys, etc., which are also called high temperature materials in a broad concept as long as they can meet the service requirements of high temperature resistant components.
At present, the preparation of high-temperature alloys and high-temperature composite materials mainly comprises a fusion casting metallurgy method, a powder metallurgy method and laser additive manufacturing. Because elements forming the high-temperature alloy have very high melting points, for example, the melting points of Zr and Nb are respectively as high as 1852 ℃ and 2468 ℃, great difficulty is brought to smelting and processing of the high-temperature alloy, and a large-scale vacuum smelting furnace, an ultrahigh-temperature heating furnace and other large-scale equipment are required, so that the smelting process is complex and the cost is high. In addition, when the powder metallurgy method is used for preparing the high-temperature alloy and the high-temperature composite material, various expensive high-purity metal powder and pre-alloy powder are needed, and a series of complicated processes such as ball milling, mixing, hot-pressing, sintering, blank forging and rolling and the like are needed to obtain a high-temperature alloy finished product. In the process of manufacturing the high-temperature alloy by the aid of the laser additive, due to the fact that the melting points of all elements are high, the high-temperature alloy has high requirements on laser power, the problems of uneven powder melting, non-fusion between layers, buckling deformation and the like are prone to occurring, and the rapid forming of large-scale complex high-temperature alloy and high-temperature composite material components is difficult to achieve due to low cladding rate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-energy beam rapid preparation method of high-temperature alloy and high-temperature composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to an electron beam multi-wire additive manufacturing apparatus and method, so as to solve the problem that multi-wire simultaneous feeding and multi-wire simultaneous feeding cannot be achieved, and to directly achieve preparation and molding of high temperature alloys and high temperature composite materials by using high melting point pure metal wires or high temperature alloy wires as raw materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an electron beam multifilament is material increase manufacturing installation in coordination, includes real empty room, electron gun, thread feeding mechanism, base plate and work platform, electron gun fixed connection is at real empty room top, thread feeding mechanism is equipped with a plurality ofly, and a plurality of thread feeding mechanism all set up at real empty room top to use the electron gun axle center as centre of a circle equipartition setting, the workstation sets up in the vacuum chamber, the base plate sets up on the workstation, the workstation is located the below of electron gun.
Further, the electron gun is used to excite an electron beam, and the electron beam bombards on the substrate to form a molten pool.
Furthermore, the wire feeding mechanism comprises a wire feeding rod and a wire feeding nozzle, the wire feeding rod is arranged in the vacuum chamber, before use, the angle between the wire feeding nozzle and the wire feeding rod is adjusted, and the wire feeding nozzle and the wire feeding rod are fixedly connected through machinery.
Furthermore, the wire feeding mechanism further comprises a wire feeding wheel, a metal wire and a wire feeding hose, wherein the wire feeding wheel is provided with a wire disc, the metal wire is wound on the wire disc, the wire feeding hose is connected with a wire feeding nozzle, and the wire feeding wheel is arranged above the vacuum chamber.
Furthermore, the metal wire raw material is high-temperature alloy or high-melting point pure metal.
Furthermore, the surface of the substrate should be polished to be bright.
A manufacturing method of an electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively installing wire discs of different metal wires on wire feeding wheels of each wire feeding mechanism to enable the wires to be exposed out of a wire feeding nozzle for a certain distance, and clamping and fixing a substrate with a polished and bright surface on a working platform;
step two: when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches the use requirement of equipment, an electron gun emits an electron beam to bombard a substrate to form a molten pool, the spatial positions of a wire feeding rod and a wire feeding nozzle are adjusted, so that the front ends or the extension lines of the front ends of all metal wires are superposed with the center of the molten pool, and the front ends of different wires have certain distance difference in the Z direction according to the actual requirement;
step three: the control program of the wire feeding mechanisms is well written, so that the wire feeding mechanisms can feed wires simultaneously or sequentially, and the metal wires are ensured to be accurately fed into a molten pool;
step four: writing a working program, determining the motion track of a working platform, and setting appropriate processing parameters such as voltage, beam current, focusing current, printing speed, wire feeding speed and the like;
step five: and the working platform moves layer by layer in the XYZ direction according to the movement track in the fourth step, and all wires fed into the molten pool are continuously melted and solidified, so that the preparation and the forming of the additive part are realized.
Furthermore, the technical scheme related to the method can be popularized and applied to the rapid preparation of other metals and alloys, and is particularly suitable for the preparation and the forming of the metal matrix gradient composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-energy electron beam and the high vacuum environment ensure the uniformity and the purity of the active refractory metal and the high-temperature alloy in the fusing process and improve the metallurgical quality of the high-temperature alloy and the high-temperature composite material finished component;
2. the method can realize the rapid preparation of metal wire materials to high-temperature alloy components, and the characteristic of multi-wire synergy is particularly suitable for the preparation and the forming of high-temperature gradient composite materials;
3. the multi-filament cooperative preparation process greatly shortens the processing flow and improves the forming efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and are not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electron beam multi-filament additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wire feeder assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an electron beam three filament additive manufacturing process;
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of the structure, phase and component uniformity of TiZrNb refractory intermediate entropy alloy manufactured by electron beam three-wire synergistic additive manufacturing.
1-vacuum chamber, 2-electron gun, 3-wire feeder, 4-additive part, 5-substrate, 6-working platform, 7-electron beam, 8-molten pool, 301-wire feeding wheel, 302-metal wire, 303-wire feeding hose, 304-wire feeding rod, 305-wire feeding nozzle, 3-1: wire feeder No. 1, 3-2: wire feeder No. 2, 3-3: and a No. 3 wire feeding mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-4 to illustrate the present embodiment, an electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing apparatus includes a vacuum chamber 1, an electron gun 2, a plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 3, a substrate 5 and a working platform 6, wherein the vacuum chamber 1 provides a vacuum environment in a preparation and forming process, the electron gun 2 is disposed on the top of the vacuum chamber 1, the electron gun 2 forms an electron beam 7, the plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 3 are uniformly disposed on the top of the vacuum chamber 1 with the axis of the electron gun 2 as the center of circle, the plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 3 provide a required metal wire 302, the working platform 6 is disposed in the vacuum chamber 1, the substrate 5 is disposed on the working platform 6, the substrate 5 is provided with an additive component 4, the working platform 6 realizes movement in three directions of XYZ in the vacuum chamber 1, after the substrate 5 is clamped on the working platform 6, when the electron beam 7 bombards the surface of the substrate 5 to form a molten pool 8, the working platform 6 moves, melting the wire fed by the wire feeder 3, and further realizing the preparation and the forming of the additive part 4.
Referring to fig. 1-4 to illustrate this embodiment, this embodiment is a TiZrNb refractory entropy alloy manufactured by electron beam three-wire additive manufacturing, a method for manufacturing high temperature alloy and high temperature composite material by electron beam multi-wire additive manufacturing, which can feed pure Ti wire, pure Zr wire and pure Nb wire into a substrate molten pool simultaneously by three wire feeding mechanisms to realize the preparation and formation of the TiZrNb refractory entropy alloy, and the specific steps are detailed as follows with reference to fig. 1-4:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively installing wire reels of pure Ti wires, pure Zr wires and pure Nb wires on wire feeding wheels 301 of a wire feeding mechanism No. 1 3-1, a wire feeding mechanism No. 2 3-2 and a wire feeding mechanism No. 3-3, exposing the three wires out of a wire feeding nozzle 305 for a certain distance, and clamping and fixing a pure titanium substrate 5 with a polished and bright surface on a working platform 6;
step two: when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 1 reaches the use requirement of equipment, the electron gun 2 emits an electron beam 7 to bombard the pure titanium substrate 5 to form a molten pool, and the space positions of the wire feeding rod 304 and the wire feeding nozzle 305 are adjusted to ensure that the front ends of the three metal wires 302 coincide with the center of the molten pool;
step three: the control program of the wire feeding mechanism is well programmed, and the wire feeding mechanism No. 1 3-1, the wire feeding mechanism No. 2 3-2 and the wire feeding mechanism No. 3-3 can feed wires simultaneously, so that pure Ti wires, pure Zr wires and pure Nb wires are fed into a molten pool simultaneously;
step four: writing a working program, determining the motion track of the working platform 6, and setting appropriate processing parameters such as voltage, beam current, focusing current, printing speed, wire feeding speed and the like;
step five: and the working platform 6 moves layer by layer in the XYZ direction according to the movement track described in the fourth step, and the pure Ti wire, the pure Zr wire and the pure Nb wire fed into the molten pool are continuously melted and solidified, so that the preparation and the forming of the additive part 4-TiZrNb refractory entropy alloy are realized.
The structure, phase and components of the TiZrNb refractory intermediate entropy alloy manufactured by electron beam three-wire collaborative additive manufacturing are shown in the attached drawing 4, and it can be found from fig. 4a that the microstructure of the TiZrNb refractory intermediate entropy alloy is a mixed crystal structure composed of dendrites and equiaxed crystals, which is a typical microstructure of the additive manufactured refractory alloy, and meanwhile, fig. 4b shows that the TiZrNb refractory intermediate entropy alloy is composed of a single body centered cubic BCC solid solution, and three elements Ti, Zr and Nb are uniformly distributed in the solid solution, and element segregation is not found, so that the refractory Ti, Zr and Nb can be uniformly distributed by electron beams in the melt pool in the electron beam three-wire collaborative additive manufacturing process, and a good refractory intermediate entropy alloy is formed. Therefore, the TiZrNb refractory intermediate entropy alloy prepared by the electron beam multi-wire collaborative additive manufacturing device and the method for the high temperature alloy and the high temperature composite material is a high temperature alloy with great application potential.
The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended merely to aid in the explanation of the invention. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electron beam multi-filament collaborative additive manufacturing device is characterized in that: including vacuum chamber (1), electron gun (2), wire feeder (3), base plate (5) and workstation (6), electron gun (2) fixed connection is at vacuum chamber (1) top, wire feeder (3) are equipped with a plurality ofly, and a plurality of wire feeder (3) all set up at vacuum chamber (1) top, and a plurality of wire feeder (3) use electron gun (2) axle center as centre of a circle equipartition setting, workstation (6) set up in vacuum chamber (1), base plate (5) set up on workstation (6), workstation (6) are located the below of electron gun (2).
2. The electron beam multi-filament cooperative additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the electron gun (2) in use excites an electron beam (7), which electron beam (7) bombards on the substrate (5) forming a melt pool (8).
3. The electron beam multi-filament cooperative additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the wire feeding mechanism (3) comprises a wire feeding rod (304) and a wire feeding nozzle (305), the wire feeding nozzle (305) is fixedly connected with the wire feeding rod (304), and the wire feeding rod (304) is arranged in the vacuum chamber (1).
4. The electron beam multi-filament additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: wire feeding mechanism (3) still include send silk wheel (301), metal silk material (302) and send silk hose (303), send silk wheel (301) to install the silk dish, metal silk material (302) twines on the silk dish, send silk hose (303) and send silk mouth (305) to be connected, send silk wheel (301) to set up in vacuum chamber (1) top.
5. The electron beam multi-filament cooperative additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the raw material of the metal wire (302) is high-temperature alloy.
6. The electron beam multi-filament cooperative additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the surface of the substrate (5) needs to be polished to be bright.
7. The method for manufacturing an electron beam multi-filament cooperative additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively installing wire discs of different metal wires (302) on wire feeding wheels (301) of each wire feeding mechanism (3), enabling the wires to be exposed out of a wire feeding nozzle (305) for a certain distance, and clamping and fixing a substrate (5) with a polished and bright surface on a working platform (6);
step two: when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber (1) meets the use requirement of equipment, an electron gun (2) emits an electron beam (7) to bombard a substrate (5) to form a molten pool (8), the spatial positions of a wire feeding rod (304) and a wire feeding nozzle (305) are adjusted, so that the front end or the extension line of the front end of each metal wire (302) is superposed with the center of the molten pool (8), and the front ends of different wires have certain distance difference in the Z direction according to the actual requirement;
step three: all the wire feeding mechanisms (3) are allowed to feed wires simultaneously or sequentially, so that all the metal wires are ensured to be accurately fed into a molten pool (8);
step four: determining the motion track of the working platform (6), and setting appropriate processing parameters;
step five: and the working platform (6) moves layer by layer in the XYZ direction according to the movement track in the fourth step, and all wires fed into the molten pool (8) are continuously melted and solidified, so that the additive part (4) is prepared and formed.
8. The method for manufacturing an electron beam multi-filament cooperative additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the processing parameters set in the fourth step comprise voltage, beam current, focusing current, printing speed and/or wire feeding speed.
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