CN114273403A - High-pressure steam sterilization method and sterilization system for medical waste - Google Patents
High-pressure steam sterilization method and sterilization system for medical waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure steam sterilization method and a sterilization system for medical wastes.A medical waste to be treated is sent into a sterilization chamber, a pressure relief valve of the sterilization chamber is closed for pressure maintaining, a crushing device in the sterilization chamber is started, and the medical waste to be treated is crushed; when the crushing is carried out or after the crushing is finished, introducing high-pressure steam into the sterilization chamber for heating operation, and heating for a certain time under preset pressure; after the preset pressure is reached, high-pressure steam is continuously introduced into the sterilization chamber, and the medical waste is sterilized for a certain time under the high-temperature condition formed by the high-pressure steam; and in the sterilization operation process, the electric heating wire wrapped outside the sterilization chamber is opened to maintain the pressure in the sterilization chamber. The sterilization method and the sterilization system are flexible to move, the investment cost is low, and the medical waste emergency disposal device capable of coordinating treatment across areas has significance for improving the medical waste disposal capability of remote areas and the emergency 'reseau' disposal capability in epidemic situation outburst periods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical waste treatment, and particularly relates to a high-pressure steam sterilization method for medical waste.
Background
Medical waste refers to hazardous waste generated by medical and health institutions in medical, preventive, health care and other related activities. At present, the production amount of medical wastes in China is close to 100 million tons/year (calculated in large and medium cities), and the medical wastes have direct or indirect infectivity, toxicity, pathogenicity and other harmfulness. Different from general household garbage, medical waste contains a large amount of bacteria, viruses and chemical agents, has extremely strong infectivity, biotoxicity and corrosivity, and untreated or incompletely treated medical waste can pollute water, soil and air, generate huge hidden dangers to the life health safety of people and possibly cause epidemic disease infection again. Therefore, as the first dangerous waste in the national hazardous waste list, the normative and correct treatment of the medical waste is of great significance for improving the national sanitary safety.
At present, common medical waste is mainly transported to a waste incineration plant and a landfill site for safe treatment through special transportation and transfer. To solve the problem of secondary pollution in transportation risks, there has been much attention paid to the safe treatment of medical waste in the near future before it is delivered to waste incineration plants and landfills. The construction of a system which can safely and timely dispose of medical waste and can be conveniently and flexibly applied will positively affect the subsequent medical disposal industry.
The common medical waste disposal methods at present are landfill, incineration, microwave sterilization, chemical sterilization and high-temperature sterilization. Wherein, the secondary pollution problem of underground water, air and the like caused by landfill is more serious; the burning has higher requirement on temperature control, otherwise toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are easily generated; the microwave disinfection is only suitable for the disinfection of the surface of an object, and dead corners often exist in the disinfection of the interior of the object; the chemical disinfection has the defects of large consumption of chemicals, pungent smell and the like. In contrast, high temperature sterilization is widely concerned by researchers and practitioners due to its advantages of simple principle, strong operability, thorough treatment, and the like. By the end of 2018, 390 medical waste centralized treatment facilities are built in China, all local cities are not covered yet, and the capacity below county is further insufficient. According to 11 provinces survey of Shanghai, Jiangsu and the like of the Yangtze river economic zone in 2018, medical waste centralized treatment facilities are not established in nearly 90% county-level cities (124), and the coverage is to be further expanded. Compared with the medical waste in urban areas, the medical waste generated in remote areas such as rural areas, counties and cities has the characteristics of small generation amount, instability and the like.
Therefore, the development of the medical waste emergency disposal device which can be flexibly moved, has low investment cost and can carry out cross-regional coordination treatment is significant for improving the medical waste disposal capacity of remote areas and the emergency 'reseau' disposal capacity in the outbreak period of epidemic situations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-pressure steam sterilization method for medical waste and a sterilization system integrating crushing and high-pressure steam sterilization.
A method of autoclaving medical waste, comprising:
feeding medical waste to be treated into a sterilization chamber through a feeding door, closing a pressure relief valve of the sterilization chamber to maintain pressure, starting a crushing device in the sterilization chamber, and crushing the medical waste to be treated;
when the crushing is carried out or after the crushing is finished, introducing high-pressure steam into the sterilization chamber for heating operation, and heating for a certain time under preset pressure;
after the preset pressure is reached, high-pressure steam is continuously introduced into the sterilization chamber, and the medical waste is sterilized for a certain time under the high-temperature condition formed by the high-pressure steam; in the process of sterilization operation, the electric heating wire wrapped outside the sterilization chamber is opened to maintain the pressure in the sterilization chamber;
and after the sterilization procedure is finished, a pressure relief valve of the sterilization chamber is opened to cool and reduce the pressure, high-temperature sterilization steam in the sterilization chamber enters the condensation pipe, condensed water is subjected to a wastewater treatment system and is discharged after reaching the standard after being sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp, and non-condensed waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard after trapping particles and eliminating the waste gas by a double-layer filtering system.
Optionally, during or after the crushing, introducing high-pressure steam into the sterilization chamber at a steam pressure of 570kPa to 1.2MPa, a temperature of 160 to 190 ℃ and a heating time of 20 to 60 minutes.
Optionally, after the preset pressure is reached, continuously introducing high-pressure steam into the sterilization chamber, wherein the steam pressure is 470 kPa-1.0 MPa, the temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the sterilization time is 15-45 minutes.
The high-pressure steam sterilization method integrates the crushing and sterilization processes of the medical wastes into one chamber, and can realize the double aims of volume reduction and sterilization of the wastes. The crushing device is arranged before the steam sterilization process, and has the advantages of three: firstly, the medical waste can be fully crushed, so that the medical waste is fully contacted with high-temperature high-pressure steam in a sterilization stage to obtain a complete sterilization effect; secondly, the uniform stirring of the medical wastes is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the crushing blade, which is beneficial to the mass and heat transfer of the medical wastes; thirdly, the waste is violently collided with the blade in the crushing process to generate heat, and the waste can be used as an auxiliary compensation function for the temperature rise in the cavity.
The pressure maintaining during the sterilization process is realized mainly by a synergistic mode of heating by an electric heating wire and introducing high-pressure steam. The steam pressure is monitored in real time, and the effect of the heating stage and the sterilization stage is realized by feeding back, adjusting and controlling the pressure.
The invention also provides an autoclave sterilization system for medical waste, and the method of the invention is preferably realized by adopting the sterilization system, which comprises a steam sterilization component, a steam generation component, a cooling component, a wastewater treatment component and an exhaust gas treatment component;
the steam sterilization assembly comprises a sterilization chamber, a crushing device arranged in the sterilization chamber and electric heating wires arranged around the side wall and the bottom of the sterilization chamber, the sterilization chamber is provided with a feeding door, a discharging door, a steam input port and a steam output port, and the steam output port is provided with a pressure relief valve;
the steam generating assembly comprises a steam generator and a steam conveying pipe, and an output port of the steam conveying pipe is connected with a steam input port of the sterilizing chamber;
the cooling assembly comprises a condenser pipe arranged in condensate, the condenser pipe is provided with a waste gas inlet, a condensate outlet and a noncondensable waste gas outlet, the waste gas inlet is communicated with the exhaust port of the pressure relief valve through a pipeline, the condensate outlet is connected to the wastewater treatment assembly, and the noncondensable waste gas outlet is connected to the waste gas treatment assembly;
the waste gas treatment assembly comprises a filtering device communicated with the non-condensable waste gas outlet, and the filtering device comprises a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter and an activated carbon filter which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of waste gas;
the waste water treatment component comprises a waste liquid barrel and an ultraviolet lamp tube arranged above the liquid level in the waste liquid barrel, and the condensate outlet is connected into the waste liquid barrel.
Optionally, the crushing device includes a central shaft and a horizontally arranged blade, the central shaft penetrates through the center of the bottom of the sterilization chamber and is vertically installed, and the part of the central shaft located outside the sterilization chamber is connected with a power mechanism for driving the central shaft to rotate; the blade is installed on the part of center pin in the sterilization chamber, the blade is the blade that the transmission distributes including using the center pin as the center, the frontal area of blade has the inclined section that is used for reducing material resistance in broken process.
The blade can fully crush the medical waste before sterilization, and the sterilization effect is obviously improved. Optionally, the blade is removably mounted on the central shaft.
Optionally, as an embodiment of the detachable connection, the blade and the central shaft are installed by a bolt in a matching manner.
Optionally, the power mechanism is a magnetic driving device; the magnetic driving device comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a magnetic coil, an output shaft of the motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer through a coupler, and an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the magnetic coil.
Optionally, a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the sterilization chamber and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the sterilization chamber are arranged on the sterilization chamber.
Optionally, the system further comprises a control assembly and a diesel power generation assembly; the diesel power generation assembly, the steam sterilization assembly, the steam generation assembly, the waste gas treatment assembly, the cooling assembly and the waste water treatment assembly are connected with and controlled by the control assembly.
Optionally, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are also connected to the control component. The control assembly itself is conventional control equipment.
Optionally, the sterilization chamber is hollow, the walls of the side surface and the bottom surface are of a double-layer structure, and the heating wire is installed in the cavity of the double-layer structure. Is used for heating and pressure maintaining in the steam sterilization process.
Optionally, the feed door and the steam input port are both located at the bottom of the sterilization chamber, and the discharge door and the steam output port are both arranged on the top cover of the sterilization chamber.
The pressure relief valve is arranged at the steam output port, the steam output port is connected with the gas input port of the pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is closed for pressure maintaining in the steam sterilization process in the sterilization process; after steam sterilization is complete, the relief valve is opened to vent the gas to the exhaust treatment assembly for further treatment.
Among the exhaust-gas treatment subassembly, the HEPA filter collects the solid particle in the waste gas as first layer waste gas filter layer, and the foul gas in the waste gas is adsorbed as second layer adsorption and filtration layer to the active carbon, guarantees that the waste gas that the sterilization process produced obtains discharge up to standard after properly handling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention has no low-pressure section in the sterilization process by the mutual matching of the electric heating and the pressure relief valve, thereby avoiding the problem of secondary pollution caused by the escape of bacteria and viruses on the non-sterilized medical waste due to the negative pressure pumping.
(2) In the sterilization process, the steam pressure is monitored and adjusted, and the steam pressure maintaining effect is cooperated with the electric heating wire, so that the steam high-pressure environment in the sterilization process is realized.
(3) The crushing device is arranged before the steam sterilization process, and has the following three advantages: firstly, the medical waste can be crushed, so that the medical waste is fully contacted with steam in a sterilization stage to obtain a complete sterilization effect; secondly, the uniform stirring of the medical wastes is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the crushing blade, which is beneficial to the mass and heat transfer of the medical wastes; thirdly, the waste is violently collided with the blade to generate heat in the crushing process, and the waste can be used as the auxiliary compensation function of the temperature rise in the sterilization chamber.
(4) The crushing process is used as the synergistic effect between the auxiliary compensation of temperature rise in the sterilization chamber and the pressure maintaining of the electric heating wire, and is beneficial to the temperature rise in the sterilization chamber, and the maximum temperature can reach about 180 ℃.
(5) The pressure sterilization chamber is hollow, the heating wires are arranged in the side surface cavity and the bottom cavity in a surrounding mode, the temperature rise in the sterilization chamber is improved through heating of the heating wires, and finally the pressure maintaining function of the heating wires is achieved.
(6) The double-layer filtering system is arranged in the waste gas treatment assembly, so that the particles can be removed, the odor can be removed, and the waste gas can be discharged after reaching the standard.
(7) The waste gas treatment system and the waste water secondary disinfection treatment system provided by the invention avoid the problem of secondary pollution caused by system sterilization treatment, and meet the national standards of waste water discharge and waste gas discharge.
(8) The system of the invention not only realizes the aim of fully sterilizing the medical waste, but also reduces the volume of the sterilized medical waste, thereby being beneficial to improving the efficiency of the rear-section transportation stage.
(9) The system is integrated in a container, and has high mobility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the autoclave sterilization system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the mid-section assembly of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 to 6 are schematic views of the structure of the blade in fig. 3.
The reference numerals shown in the figures are as follows:
1-autoclaving Assembly
11-sterilization chamber 12-feeding door 13-discharging door
14-crushing device 15-heating wire 16-steam input port
17-pressure relief valve
141-center shaft 142-blade 143-motor
144-coupling 145-reducer 146-magnetic conductive coil
1421-vane 1422-center hole 1423-oblique section
2-steam generating assembly 21-steam generator 22-steam delivery pipe
3-Cooling Assembly
31-exhaust gas transport pipe 32-condenser pipe
4-wastewater treatment component 41-wastewater barrel 42-ultraviolet lamp tube
5-exhaust-gas treatment component 51-HEPA filter 52-activated carbon filter
6-control Assembly
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For a better description and illustration of embodiments of the invention, reference may be made to one or more of the drawings, but additional details or examples used in describing the drawings should not be construed as limiting the scope of any of the inventive concepts, the presently described embodiments, or the preferred versions of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
An autoclave sterilization system for medical waste, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, includes a steam sterilization module 1, a steam generation module 2, a cooling module 3, a waste water treatment module 4, and an exhaust gas treatment module 5.
As an installation mode of the heating wire, the bottom and the side wall of the sterilization chamber can adopt a double-layer structure and comprise an inner wall and an outer wall, the heating wire is installed between the inner wall and the outer wall, the side wall and the bottom of the sterilization chamber are both provided with the heating wire, and the heating wire is externally connected with a power supply.
The high-pressure steam sterilization chamber integrates waste crushing and high-pressure steam sterilization into one chamber, and can realize the dual purposes of volume reduction and sterilization of waste. The crushing device is used for crushing the material to be sterilized in the sterilization chamber before sterilization; the steam generating assembly is used for generating high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is introduced into the sterilizing chamber to improve the temperature and the pressure in the chamber; the pressure maintaining of the sterilization stage is realized by heating the electric heating wire; the high pressure environment within the sterilization chamber is maintained by the closure of the pressure relief valve. The feeding gate can be realized by adopting an upward sliding rail type structure; the discharging door adopts a lower end opening type, and the blade rotates at a low speed to assist in realizing complete discharging.
In the embodiment, the sterilization chamber body is cylindrical, the axis of the sterilization chamber body is arranged along the vertical direction, namely, the vertical mode is adopted, the feeding door is arranged at the upper end of the sterilization chamber, the discharging door is arranged at the lower end of the sterilization chamber, the feeding door and the discharging door can be automatically opened and closed, the steam inlet and outlet port is arranged in the high-pressure steam sterilization chamber, and the high-pressure steam with the highest temperature of about 180 ℃ can be ensured to be introduced into the sterilization chamber. The feed door, the discharge door, each connecting end and the pressure sterilization chamber are sealed by sealing rings, so that the sealing performance in the sterilization process is ensured.
The crushing process of the crushing device is arranged before the steam sterilization process, and the crushing device has the advantages of three: firstly, the medical waste can be crushed, so that the medical waste is fully contacted with steam in a sterilization stage to obtain a complete sterilization effect; secondly, the uniform stirring of the medical wastes is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the crushing blade, which is beneficial to the mass and heat transfer of the medical wastes; thirdly, the waste is violently collided with the blade to generate heat in the crushing process, and the waste can be used as the auxiliary compensation function of the temperature rise in the sterilization chamber. In the sterilization process, the temperature in the sterilization chamber can reach about 180 ℃ under the synergistic effect of steam, electric heating wires and heat generated by collision in the crushing process in the previous step, and the sterilization efficiency is obviously improved.
As an embodiment of the crushing device 14, the crushing device is arranged at the bottom in the sterilization chamber and comprises a central shaft 141 and at least one layer of horizontally arranged blades 142, the central shaft 141 penetrates through the center of the bottom of the sterilization chamber and is vertically arranged, and each layer of blades is detachably arranged on the central shaft 141. As an embodiment of the detachable connection, the blade and the central shaft are mounted by screw thread fit. The blades distributed in multiple layers can crush the medical waste before sterilization, so that the sterilization effect is obviously improved. The multilayer blade is detachably mounted on the central shaft, and the number of layers of the blade can be increased or decreased according to specific conditions.
The central shaft 141 is fixed on a base in the sterilization chamber, and the part outside the sterilization chamber is connected with a driving mechanism which is used for driving the central shaft 141 to rotate, so that the blade 142 is driven to rotate, and the function of crushing medical wastes in the sterilization chamber or the function of stirring materials at a low speed are realized according to the set rotating speed. As an embodiment of the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism adopts a magnetic driving mechanism, and as an embodiment of the magnetic driving mechanism, the magnetic driving mechanism comprises a motor 143, a speed reducer 145 and a magnetic conductive coil 146, the speed reducer 145 is fixed beside the motor 143, an output shaft of the motor 143 is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer 145 through a coupling 144, the magnetic conductive coil 146 is installed at one end of the output shaft of the speed reducer, which is close to a central shaft in the sterilization chamber, and the magnetic force is converted into power for rotating the central shaft through the movement of the coil.
The structure of the blades is shown in fig. 4-6, each layer of blades 142 includes at least three blades 1421 which are distributed in an emitting manner and centered on the central axis, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the single layer of blades includes 4 blades, which are arranged in a substantially cross shape and are installed on the central axis 141 through the central hole 1422. The tip of each blade has a sloped profile 1423 which serves to reduce material drag during crushing.
The steam generating assembly 2 comprises a steam generator 21 and a steam conveying pipe 22, wherein the input end of the steam conveying pipe 22 is connected with the steam output end of the steam generator 21, and the output end of the steam conveying pipe 22 is connected with the steam input end 16 of the sterilizing chamber; cooling module 3 includes exhaust delivery pipe 31 and condenser pipe 32, and the condenser pipe has waste gas input port, noncondensable waste gas output port and comdenstion water output port, and waste gas input port connects the output of the pressure relief valve on the sterilizing chamber top cap, and noncondensable waste gas output port connects the input of exhaust-gas treatment subassembly 5, and the input of waste water treatment subassembly 4 is connected to the comdenstion water output port. The condenser pipe can be directly arranged in cooling liquid, steam in the condenser pipe is cooled into condensate water through the cooling liquid, the condensate water is sent into the waste water treatment assembly to be subjected to waste water treatment, and the non-condensable waste gas enters the waste gas treatment assembly.
Medical waste to be treated is sent into sterilization room 11 from the feed door in, closes pressure relief valve 17, starts breaker 14, with medical waste fragmentation, starts steam generation subassembly 2 simultaneously, lets in high-pressure steam from sterilization room's steam input port to sterilization room in, carries out heating operation, when waiting to sterilize the indoor pressure and reaching preset pressure, begins the sterilization, heating wire 13 realizes the pressurize function in the sterilization process through the heating. After the sterilization is finished, the pressure relief valve 17 is opened, the non-condensable waste gas enters the condensation pipe 32, then the condensed water enters the waste water treatment assembly 4, and the non-condensable gas enters the waste gas treatment assembly 5.
The input end of the wastewater treatment component 4 is connected with the condensed water output end of the condenser pipe, so that wastewater generated after high-temperature steam condensation after sterilization is fully disinfected and discharged after reaching the standard. The waste water treatment component 4 comprises a waste liquid barrel 41 and an ultraviolet lamp tube 42, wherein the input end of the waste liquid barrel 41 is connected with the output end of the condensation pipe 32, the ultraviolet lamp tube 42 is arranged above the liquid level in the waste liquid barrel, the ultraviolet lamp tube is adopted for assisting disinfection, the waste water generated in the whole disinfection process is disinfected for the second time, the waste water generated in the disinfection process can be pretreated and reaches the discharge requirement of a subsequent sewage pipe network, and the output end can be connected with the sewage pipe network, is converged into a local sewage pipe and enters a nearby sewage treatment system.
Exhaust treatment subassembly 5 adopts filter equipment, set up in the noncondensable exhaust gas output end of condenser pipe, an implementation mode as filter equipment, filter equipment includes HEPA filter 51 and the active carbon filter 52 that set gradually along the waste gas flow direction, HEPA filter 51 collects the solid particle in the waste gas as first layer exhaust gas filter layer, active carbon filter 52 adsorbs the foul gas in the waste gas as the second floor adsorption filtration layer, HEPA filter's filtration efficiency is more than 99.99%, the active carbon adsorption clearance is higher than 90%, the waste gas of processing will reach the relevant requirement of "air pollutant integrated emission standard" and "foul emission standard".
In order to facilitate real-time monitoring of the temperature and pressure in the sterilization chamber during the reaction process, in one embodiment, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a top cover of the sterilization chamber, and a sensor probe extends into the sterilization chamber and is used for real-time monitoring of the temperature and pressure in the sterilization chamber.
The opening and closing of each component of the sterilization system can be realized manually or automatically, in one embodiment, the sterilization system further comprises a control component 6, and the control component 6 mainly comprises a PLC and a human-computer interaction panel thereof. The control assembly is provided with a data transmission module, a printing module, an alarm module, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a safety valve and a pressure reducing valve, wherein in one implementation mode, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the safety valve and the pressure reducing valve are distributed on a top cover of the sterilization chamber.
The steam sterilization component 1, the steam generation component 2, the cooling component 3, the waste water treatment component 4 and the waste gas treatment component 5 are connected with and controlled by the control component 6. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the control component.
The control component can control the automatic operation of the feeding door and the discharging door, the heating program of the electric heating wire, the pressure maintaining program of the pressure maintaining module, the crushing program of the crushing device, and can also control the execution of the steam generation program, the high-pressure steam sterilization program, the condensation program, the wastewater treatment program and the waste gas treatment program.
Steam sterilization subassembly, steam generation subassembly, exhaust-gas treatment subassembly, cooling module and waste water treatment subassembly are all integrated in a semi-mounted container, conveniently remove the demand that adapts to different scenes.
The sterilization system of the invention can be used for emergency treatment of daily medical waste or medical waste treatment related to sudden epidemic situations or sudden disasters.
A medical waste high-pressure steam sterilization method is shown in a simple flow chart in figure 1, is preferably realized by adopting the sterilization system, comprises the steps of feeding, crushing, heating, pressure maintaining, sterilizing, discharging and waste gas and waste water post-treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, closing a pressure relief valve on a sterilization chamber, feeding medical waste to be treated into the sterilization chamber from a feeding door, starting a crushing module to crush the medical waste to be treated, enabling a crushing blade to rotate at a low speed to uniformly stir the material, and then rotating at a high speed to crush the material;
during or after the crushing, introducing high-pressure steam into the sterilization chamber for heating operation, and heating for a certain time under preset pressure;
after the preset pressure is reached, sterilizing the medical waste for a certain time by high-pressure steam under a high-temperature condition, realizing a pressure maintaining function by electric heating through heating in the process, and realizing a constant high-pressure environment in a sterilization chamber in cooperation with the introduction amount of the high-pressure steam;
after the sterilization, open the pressure relief valve and reduce the pressure and cool down, high temperature sterilization steam gets into the condenser pipe, and the water that condenses down carries out effluent disposal system, discharges up to standard after ultraviolet lamp disinfection, and waste gas that does not condense then passes through double-deck filtration system entrapment granule and eliminates waste gas, and atmosphere emission up to standard.
The whole process is finished, the medical waste which is crushed and sterilized is pushed out by the aid of the low-speed rotation of the blades, then the medical waste is transferred to a common solid waste collecting barrel, and then the medical waste and common household garbage are mixed and transferred to a garbage incineration plant for garbage incineration.
In one embodiment, the heating stage is fed with high pressure steam conditions: 570 kPa-1.2 MPa, 160-190 ℃ and 20-60 minutes of heating time. High-pressure steam sterilization conditions: 470kPa to 1.0MPa, the temperature is 150 to 180 ℃, and the sterilization time is 15 to 45 minutes.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of autoclaving medical waste, comprising:
feeding medical waste to be treated into a sterilization chamber through a feeding door, closing a pressure relief valve of the sterilization chamber to maintain pressure, starting a crushing device in the sterilization chamber, and crushing the medical waste to be treated;
when the crushing is carried out or after the crushing is finished, introducing high-pressure steam into the sterilization chamber for heating operation, and heating for a certain time under preset pressure;
after the preset pressure is reached, high-pressure steam is continuously introduced into the sterilization chamber, and the medical waste is sterilized for a certain time under the high-temperature condition formed by the high-pressure steam; in the process of sterilization operation, the electric heating wire wrapped outside the sterilization chamber is opened to maintain the pressure in the sterilization chamber;
and after the sterilization procedure is finished, a pressure relief valve of the sterilization chamber is opened to cool and reduce the pressure, high-temperature sterilization steam in the sterilization chamber enters the condensation pipe, condensed water is subjected to a wastewater treatment system and is discharged after reaching the standard after being sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp, uncondensed waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard after being trapped by a double-layer filtering system and being eliminated, and the atmosphere is discharged after reaching the standard.
2. The high-pressure steam sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein during or after the completion of the crushing, the steam pressure of the high-pressure steam introduced into the sterilization chamber is in a range of 570kPa to 1.2MPa, the temperature is in a range of 160 ℃ to 190 ℃, and the heating time is 20 minutes to 60 minutes.
3. The high-pressure steam sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein after the preset pressure is reached, the high-pressure steam is continuously introduced into the sterilization chamber, wherein the steam pressure is 470kPa to 1.0MPa, the temperature is 150 to 180 ℃, and the sterilization time is 15 to 45 minutes.
4. An autoclave sterilization system for medical waste is characterized by comprising a steam sterilization component, a steam generation component, a cooling component, a waste water treatment component and an exhaust gas treatment component;
the steam sterilization assembly comprises a sterilization chamber, a crushing device arranged in the sterilization chamber and electric heating wires arranged around the side wall and the bottom of the sterilization chamber, the sterilization chamber is provided with a feeding door, a discharging door, a steam input port and a steam output port, and the steam output port is provided with a pressure relief valve;
the steam generating assembly comprises a steam generator and a steam conveying pipe, and an output port of the steam conveying pipe is connected with a steam input port of the sterilizing chamber;
the cooling assembly comprises a condensation pipe, the condensation pipe is provided with a waste gas inlet, a condensate outlet and a noncondensable waste gas outlet, the waste gas inlet is communicated with the exhaust port of the pressure relief valve through a pipeline, the condensate outlet is connected to the waste water treatment assembly, and the noncondensable waste gas outlet is connected to the waste gas treatment assembly;
the waste gas treatment assembly comprises a filtering device communicated with the non-condensable waste gas outlet, and the filtering device comprises a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter and an activated carbon filter which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of waste gas;
the waste water treatment component comprises a waste liquid barrel and an ultraviolet lamp tube arranged above the liquid level in the waste liquid barrel, and the condensate outlet is connected into the waste liquid barrel.
5. The system for autoclaving medical waste as recited in claim 4, wherein said crushing means includes a central shaft and horizontally disposed blades, said central shaft extending through the center of the bottom of the sterilization chamber and being vertically disposed, and a portion of said central shaft located outside the sterilization chamber being connected to a power mechanism for driving the central shaft to rotate; the blade is installed on the part of center pin in the sterilization chamber, the blade is the blade that the transmission distributes including using the center pin as the center, the frontal area of blade has the inclined section that is used for reducing material resistance in broken process.
6. The system for autoclaving medical waste as set forth in claim 5 wherein said blades are removably mounted to a central shaft.
7. The system for autoclaving medical waste as recited in claim 5, wherein said powered mechanism is a magnetically actuated device; the magnetic driving device comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a magnetic coil, an output shaft of the motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer through a coupler, and an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the magnetic coil.
8. The autoclave of claim 4, wherein the sterilization chamber is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the sterilization chamber and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the sterilization chamber.
9. The autoclave of claim 4, further comprising a control assembly and a diesel power generation assembly; the diesel power generation assembly, the steam sterilization assembly, the steam generation assembly, the waste gas treatment assembly, the cooling assembly and the waste water treatment assembly are connected with and controlled by the control assembly.
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| WO2024021505A1 (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-02-01 | 浙江微盾环保科技股份有限公司 | Medical waste treatment sterilization bucket |
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Application publication date: 20220405 |