CN114268372B - Quick writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory - Google Patents
Quick writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory, which comprises a writing laser pulse device and a reading laser pulse device which are symmetrical in origin; the writing laser pulse device comprises at least one group of writing laser pulse equipment, wherein each group of writing laser pulse equipment comprises a first lens, a first acousto-optic modulator and two first 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses which are distributed up and down along a straight line in sequence from right to left, and the first acousto-optic modulator is positioned at one side of one first 45-degree total reflection light guide lens; the reading laser pulse device comprises at least one group of reading laser pulse devices, wherein the reading laser pulse devices and the writing laser pulse devices are equal in number and are in position one-to-one origin symmetry; the origin, the first lens focus and the second lens focus coincide. The invention can relieve the technical problems of low mode quantity, low space utilization rate, difficult expansion and the like generated in unit time in the prior art, thereby meeting the requirement of large-scale use in quantum communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum communication, in particular to a rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory.
Background
The quantum multimode storage has important roles in the aspects of quantum communication, quantum relay and the like. An important index for measuring multimode storage quality is how many modes are generated in unit time, which is important for realizing quantum communication. However, most of the existing time-multiplied DLCZ-type quantum memories store a plurality of time modes in a single space direction of an atomic cloud, but the existing DLCZ-type quantum memories have serious problems of high noise, short service life and the like. The latest scientists propose a scheme for storing a plurality of different time modes in different spatial directions of an atomic cloud, namely, a series of writing-reading laser pulses which are different in time and come from different spatial directions are applied to an atomic cloud-induced Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller type Raman process, so that preparation of quantum memories in the plurality of time modes is realized.
The implementation means of the scheme mainly comprises two modes at present, namely, the first mode is to generate different time modes (write-read laser pulses) by utilizing an acousto-optic deflector (Acousto Optical Deflectors) in combination with time sequence control, namely, the single pulse laser beam is changed into a plurality of write-read lasers propagating in different directions after passing through the acousto-optic deflector by effectively changing the frequency of the acousto-optic deflector, so that the generation of a multi-path write-read laser pulse sequence is realized. The scheme has simple device, but the write-read pulse generation rate is too low, for example, the time required for generating a single time mode reaches the order of mu s, and the shorter the pulse period is required to realize the quantum relay scheme in quantum communication, the better the pulse period is, and the higher the experimental technical requirement is required. In 2017, we propose a multiplication technology for realizing single photons through an acousto-optic modulator network, and in 2019 we experimentally demonstrate a scheme for generating time multimode DLCZ-quantum memory, in which, in order to realize multimode memory, 19 write-read laser pulses are sequentially incident on a cold atomic ensemble in different directions in space, and the scheme can generate a series of write-read laser pulses with time intervals within hundred ns, but the device for generating write-read laser pulse sequences in different directions is complex, for example, 19 acousto-optic modulators are required to generate write laser pulses respectively and 19 optical fiber coupling heads are incident on the atomic ensemble in different directions in space. In the same way, in the direction of the read light pulse, the same number of optical fiber coupling heads and an acousto-optic modulator are needed to realize high-efficiency space coupling with the write laser pulse. This solution has poor stability and low space utilization, which would be detrimental to further expansion of the temporal pattern.
In summary, the experimental device for realizing time multiplication quantum memory in the prior art has the common problems of too low mode quantity generated in unit time, low space utilization rate and the like, and has no experimental device scheme design capable of meeting the large-scale use in quantum communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory, so as to solve the technical problems of low mode quantity, low space utilization rate, difficult expansion and the like in unit time in the prior art, thereby meeting the requirement of large-scale use in quantum communication.
Therefore, the invention provides a rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory, which comprises a writing laser pulse device and a reading laser pulse device which are symmetrical in origin; the writing laser pulse device comprises at least one group of writing laser pulse equipment, wherein each group of writing laser pulse equipment comprises a first lens, a first acousto-optic modulator and two first 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses which are sequentially arranged from right to left along a straight line, and the first acousto-optic modulator is positioned on one side of one of the first 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses; the reading laser pulse device comprises at least one group of reading laser pulse equipment, the number of the reading laser pulse equipment is equal to that of the writing laser pulse equipment, the positions of the reading laser pulse equipment are in origin symmetry, the reading laser pulse equipment comprises a second lens, a second sound light modulator and two second 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses which are distributed up and down in sequence along a straight line from left to right, and the second sound light modulator is positioned on one side of one of the second 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses; the origin, the first lens focus and the second lens focus coincide; the first acoustic optical modulators and the second acoustic optical modulators are respectively used for controlling laser pulse input through an FPGA, the adjacent first acoustic optical modulators are connected in series, and the adjacent second acoustic optical modulators are connected in series.
Further, a third lens is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the horizontal direction of the first acousto-optic modulator, the distances between the two third lenses and the first acousto-optic modulator are equal, and the diameter of the third lens is not more than half of the diameter of the first lens; and the left side and the right side of the horizontal direction of the second acoustic optical modulator are respectively provided with a fourth lens, the distances between the two fourth lenses and the second acoustic optical modulator are respectively equal, and the diameter of the fourth lens is not more than half of the diameter of the second lens.
Further, the FPGA sends out laser pulses with a plurality of frequencies, and the frequency difference between two adjacent laser pulses is equal.
Further, the period of the laser pulse sent by the FPGA is 100ns, wherein the pulse width is 60ns, and the pulse interval is 40ns.
Further, the writing laser pulse device comprises three groups of writing laser pulse devices, the reading laser pulse device comprises three groups of reading laser pulse devices, and each group of writing laser pulse devices and each group of reading laser pulse devices are in one-to-one symmetry.
The rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the first scheme in the background, namely the acousto-optic deflector is utilized, the pulse interval can be set to be within hundred ns, and compared with the pulse width us magnitude, the communication time is greatly shortened in quantum communication;
compared with the second scheme, the invention utilizes the acousto-optic modulator to construct different time modes, and uses a single acousto-optic modulator to realize the design of six-path writing-reading optical paths, thereby greatly reducing the scheme cost, improving the space utilization rate and realizing the storage of more time modes on the basis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a time series diagram of the FPGA control issuing different time intervals;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a device for implementing six writing and reading laser pulses with a single acousto-optic modulator;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of a single acousto-optic modulator implementing six write, read pulses;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an acousto-optic modulator network implementing a multi-path time-mode experiment.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention is, however, understood to be within the scope of the invention and not limited to the embodiments.
In this application, the model and structure of the components are not explicitly known in the prior art, and can be set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of the actual situation, and the embodiments of this application are not specifically limited.
In the invention, firstly, a series of continuous time pulses are sent out through Labview program control software (manufactured by America NI company) 7966R design, and as the rate of the board Shi Zhongpin is set to 100Hz, the designs (more than 10 ns) of pulse sequences, such as the width, the interval and the like, can be realized, in experiments, when the corresponding hardware output is selected as an acousto-optic modulator, the pulse width can be compressed to be within 30ns, the output laser still has a perfect Gaussian output wave packet, and when the acousto-optic deflector is selected, the output laser is not Gaussian wave packet when the time pulse width is about 1us, so that the transmission characteristic of the laser is influenced, and the experimental requirements cannot be met. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the write-read laser beam respectively passes through the acousto-optic modulator in two directions, and the diffraction frequency of the acousto-optic modulator is changed in real time through the change of the output voltage of the FPGA so as to controllably change the deflection direction of the laser, so that the laser is sequentially incident on the center of an atomic ensemble along different directions in space. The single acousto-optic modulator is realized to generate 6 writing-reading laser pulses with different spatial directions, and the high-efficiency spatial coupling between corresponding writing-reading light beams is realized. In actual operation, writing laser is sequentially emitted by two optical fiber coupling heads, the writing laser passes through the acousto-optic modulator in a bidirectional way, meanwhile, the diffraction frequency of the acousto-optic modulator is changed, the single acousto-optic modulator is matched with real-time control of the FPGA to generate six writing laser pulses, and the six writing laser pulses enter atoms after being collimated by using a lens. And then, constructing an acousto-optic network through m acousto-optic modulators to finally realize time multiplication quantum memory with 6×m time modes. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that compared with the first scheme in the background, namely the acousto-optic deflector is utilized, the pulse interval can be set to be within hundred ns, and compared with the pulse width us magnitude, the communication time is greatly shortened in quantum communication. Compared with the second scheme, different time modes are constructed by utilizing the acousto-optic modulator, the design of six paths of writing-reading light paths is realized by utilizing the single acousto-optic modulator, the scheme cost is greatly reduced, the space utilization rate is improved, and more time modes can be stored on the basis.
As shown in FIG. 1, the FPGA of the invention is used for 7966R board card produced by National Instruments (NI) Inc., and the fixed clock frequency of the board card is 100MHz, so that time sequences with time intervals of more than 10ns can be designed and generated, and meanwhile, the operations such as data acquisition and analysis can be completed. The board card has 48 input (output) ports, in the invention, two output ports are set to respectively control writing light and reading light to emit a series of time series pulses, when the emitted pulses are at high level, the output pulses are shown, when the emitted pulses are at low level, the output of the pulses are shown, and a series of time series with the period of 100ns, the pulse width of 60ns and the pulse interval of 40ns are designed to be emitted.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for time multimode quantum memory, which uses a single acousto-optic modulator to realize six paths of writing and reading light pulses.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a schematic representation of the use of two acousto-optic modulators AOM W AOM (automated optical inspection) R Represents the acousto-optic modulator in the writing light path and the reading light path respectively, and the acousto-optic modulator is German import gooch&Housego (model 3200-124) with a center frequency of 200MHz. Using a pair of f's in match with an acousto-optic modulator 1 =f 2 =300mm(f′ 1 =f′ 2 =300 mm) plano-concave lens group, an acousto-optic modulator is placed at the focal point of the lens, f 3 =f′ 3 =1000 mm denotes a converging lens, and 45 ° HR denotes a 45-degree total reflection mirror. As shown in FIG. 2, the writing light emitted by the laser is divided into two parts, the writing light W α And write light W β (the sequence of generating the writing light is realized by switching off the acousto-optic modulator), the writing light W is firstly switched on α (turning off the write light W) β ) Write light W α Through an acousto-optic modulator AOM W After occurrence of diffractionThe diffraction frequency of the acousto-optic modulator (-1 level) is controlled to be changed into 180MHz, 200MHz and 220MHz (shown in figure 3) in sequence through a time sequence board card, at the moment, the diffraction angle azimuth of the acousto-optic modulator is changed due to the frequency difference of the acousto-optic modulator, three write laser pulses in different space directions are obtained in sequence, and f is regulated 1 、f 2 The lens position makes its focus at the central position of the acousto-optic modulator so as to implement three parallel light beams (corresponding to writing light w in the figure) 1 、w 2 、w 3 ). At this time, the write light W is turned off α Turning on writing light W β The reverse writing laser beam passes through the acousto-optic modulator and f 1 、f 2 After the lens, we will get another three parallel write beams (corresponding write beam w in the figure 4 、w 5 、w 6 ) Adjusting the azimuth of the light guide mirror we adjust two sets (6 paths) of write light pulses to be parallel and pass through the lens f 3 Focusing and converging at a certain point (atomic ensemble) in space along different directions, and adjusting the size of the light spot to about 0.5 mm. Similarly, the FPGA is utilized to send out the time sequence shown in fig. 1 to build a read acousto-optic modulator system, and the read acousto-optic modulator system is used for reading light R α And read light R β Acousto-optic modulator AOM R Under the action of the lens system, six parallel reading light beams (corresponding to the reading light R in the figure) are obtained 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、R 5 、R 6 ). It is worth noting that the generated writing light beam must be spatially coupled with the corresponding reading light beam with high efficiency, so as to ensure that each corresponding writing light and reading light spatial pattern is matched, i.e. from w i Emitted writing light and R i The emitted read light is completely coincident (the need for the DLCZ scheme). AOM (acousto-optic modulator) in main light path w When the diffraction frequency is changed, the write-in frequency acted on atoms is changed, which is unfavorable for multimode storage expansion, so that the design is that the frequency of an acousto-optic modulator in a saturated absorption light path is synchronously changed when the diffraction frequency of the acousto-optic modulator in a main light path is changed, and the write-in frequency is acted on a fixed energy level.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing the operation of the acousto-optic modulator by changing the output voltage when we perform experimental timing debugging through FPGA, and sequentially emitting 6 beams of diffraction frequenciesWrite laser pulses of 180MHz, 200MHz, 220MHz are applied to the acousto-optic modulator, corresponding to w in the figure 1 -w 6 As shown in fig. 2, the light beams respectively act on the acousto-optic modulator from two different directions. We send out a series of R with constant frequency (200 MHz) in turn through the read acousto-optic modulator 1 -R 6 The read light pulse also corresponds to the read light in two different directions, and realizes the space coupling of the write light and the read light.
Example 2
This embodiment is the present invention that uses an acousto-optic modulator network to implement the multi-path temporal pattern.
As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, single photons (i.e., stokes photons and anti-stokes photons) are generated by spontaneous Raman scattering. When spontaneous Raman scattering is carried out, a weak detuned writing light beam and a strong resonant reading light beam are needed, and the writing light beam and the reading light beam are two light paths with opposite light paths in pulse light after laser chopping. When write light and read light are irradiated to the atomic ensemble, stokes photons with a certain probability are excited, and if the single photon detector detects the stokes photons, entanglement of the stokes photons and spin waves in the atoms is proved to be formed. A strong resonant reading light is applied in the opposite direction of the writing light, which releases the spin wave information in the atom in the form of anti-stokes photons. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-path time-mode experiment designed by designing an acousto-optic modulator network, and based on fig. 2, we design a plurality of acousto-optic modulators to construct a writing and reading acousto-optic network system (here, 3 acousto-optic modulators are taken as an example for illustration). Respectively arranging 3 acousto-optic modulators AOM in the writing-reading direction 1 、AOM 2 、AOM 3 In series, firstly, the write light W is controlled by the FPGA α Through 3 acousto-optic modulators in sequence from top to bottom, the diffraction frequency of the acousto-optic modulators is properly changed to generate the optical fiber (w) 4 -w 6 、w 10 -w 12 、w 16 -w 18 ) 9 write laser pulses with different directions (three beams of light emitted by the same acousto-optic modulator are simplified into one path), and at the moment, the write light W is turned off α Turning on writing light W β Can be similarly producedAs in the figure (w) 1 -w 3 、w 7 -w 9 、w 13 -w 15 ) 9 other write laser pulses in different directions pass through corresponding converging lens tissue f 3 A series of 18 write laser pulses will then be able to be generated to act on the atomic ensemble in different spatial directions. We are at S 1 Stokes photon collection in the direction, assuming that the ith write light w i When Stokes photons are detected during the action, corresponding light reading pulse R is started through FPGA feedback control i Converting the stored spin wave information into anti-Stokes photons for release, at T 1 The direction is the collection of anti-stokes photons, based on which we will construct a quantum memory with 18 temporal modes. In real quantum communication, based on the proposed time multimode storage scheme and the space multimode storage scheme which is realized in 17 years, the storage of 200-300 space-time modes is hopeful.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of some embodiments of the invention, but the embodiments are not limited thereto and variations within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. The rapid writing-reading laser pulse sequence device for the time multimode quantum memory is characterized by comprising a writing laser pulse device and a reading laser pulse device which are symmetrical in origin;
the writing laser pulse device comprises at least one group of writing laser pulse equipment, wherein each group of writing laser pulse equipment comprises a first lens, a first acousto-optic modulator and two first 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses which are sequentially arranged from right to left along a straight line, and the first acousto-optic modulator is positioned on one side of one of the first 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses;
the reading laser pulse device comprises at least one group of reading laser pulse equipment, the number of the reading laser pulse equipment is equal to that of the writing laser pulse equipment, the positions of the reading laser pulse equipment are in origin symmetry, the reading laser pulse equipment comprises a second lens, a second sound light modulator and two second 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses which are distributed up and down in sequence along a straight line from left to right, and the second sound light modulator is positioned on one side of one of the second 45-degree total reflection light guide lenses;
the origin, the first lens focus and the second lens focus coincide;
the first acoustic optical modulators and the second acoustic optical modulators are respectively used for controlling laser pulse input through an FPGA, the adjacent first acoustic optical modulators are connected in series, and the adjacent second acoustic optical modulators are connected in series;
a third lens is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the horizontal direction of the first acousto-optic modulator, the distances between the two third lenses and the first acousto-optic modulator are equal, and the diameter of the third lens is not more than half of the diameter of the first lens;
and the left side and the right side of the horizontal direction of the second acoustic optical modulator are respectively provided with a fourth lens, the distances between the two fourth lenses and the second acoustic optical modulator are respectively equal, and the diameter of the fourth lens is not more than half of the diameter of the second lens.
2. The rapid write-read laser pulse train device for time multimode quantum memory of claim 1, wherein the FPGA controls the acousto-optic modulator to emit laser pulses of a plurality of frequencies, the frequency differences of adjacent two of the laser pulses being equal.
3. The rapid write-read laser pulse train device for time multimode quantum memory of claim 1, wherein the period of the laser pulse emitted from the FPGA is 100ns, wherein the pulse width is 60ns and the pulse interval is 40ns.
4. The fast write-read laser pulse train apparatus for time multimode quantum memory of claim 1, wherein the write laser pulse apparatus comprises three sets of the write laser pulse devices, and the read laser pulse apparatus comprises three sets of the read laser pulse devices, each set of the write laser pulse devices and the read laser pulse devices being in one-to-one symmetry.
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