CN114267382B - Limiter control method, device, equipment and medium for sound effect processing - Google Patents
Limiter control method, device, equipment and medium for sound effect processing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an audio processing technology and provides a limiter control method, a device, equipment and a medium for music sound effect processing. The method has the advantages of realizing the effect of strengthening the general range algorithm, providing more parameter choices, facilitating the adjustment of better audio special effects by users, and ensuring that the maximum loudness of the audio is basically level with the set maximum loudness threshold.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of audio processing technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for controlling a limiter for processing music sound effects, a computer device, and a storage medium.
Background
Music is an important ring of content in audio and video clips, and the processing of the audio and video effects can enhance the immersion effect of videos and express the ideas of video creation of the clip. In the music sound effect processing, the dynamic range control is an extremely important block, and the compressor limiter expander can give the music a magic vowel, which is commonly used in music mixing. The algorithm can make some changes on the frequency and the loudness of the music, or make the music become sunken or make the music become very high, and a user can perform special effects processing of mixing the music according to own requirements. The limiter is the most commonly used algorithm, is mainly used for suppressing the part with the loudness exceeding the threshold value and smoothing the connection of the suppression part, is commonly used for limiting background sound and limiting the maximum loudness of music, and meets the requirements of users in different application scenes.
At present, the limiter control algorithm is not applied to video editing software, but is commonly used in professional audio processing software, such as Adobe audio and AudioDirector. The method does not mean that audio mixing special effects are not needed in video clips, but certain music basis and professional knowledge are needed for the mixing special effects, so that a common user can quickly adjust a satisfactory effect, which is a direction worth exploring.
Although the limiter control algorithm designed by the existing software can realize the expected logic effect, namely, the local volume of the small sound is not too weak, the local volume of the large sound is not too strong, the whole music is in a reasonable volume range, and the situation that the audio is not big and small after being processed is ensured, the existing limiter control algorithm still has a plurality of difficulties:
1. the limiter control algorithm is composed of a plurality of parameters which determine the way in which the music audio can be changed, so that when the limiter is used, the limitation that the parameter change causes the loudness to exceed the threshold value setting cannot be guaranteed.
2. For the conventional information gain compensation flow, a good algorithm for avoiding the loudness out-of-limit is not proposed, so that after the limiter control is performed, the loudness of the music exceeds the reasonable loudness range, and the music becomes noise.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a limiter control method, a device, computer equipment and a storage medium for music sound effect processing, which aim to solve the problems that in the prior art, when a limiter is used, the limitation of setting a loudness exceeding threshold value caused by parameter change cannot be ensured, and a good algorithm for avoiding loudness crossing is not provided.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a limiter control method for music sound effect processing, including:
responding to an audio processing instruction, and acquiring an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
acquiring a preset input boost gain, and performing gain boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
acquiring a preset limiter, and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
carrying out smoothing treatment on the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smooth gain curve;
performing gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; and
and converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a limiter control apparatus for music sound effect processing, including:
an initial audio acquisition unit, configured to respond to an audio processing instruction, and acquire an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
A loudness acquisition unit, configured to acquire a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
the input lifting unit is used for acquiring a preset input lifting gain, and lifting the gain of the sound loudness sequence according to the input lifting gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
the gain curve acquisition unit is used for acquiring a preset limiter and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
the curve smoothing unit is used for carrying out smoothing treatment on the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smooth gain curve;
the gain compensation unit is used for carrying out gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; and
and the output unit is used for converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the limiter control method for music sound effect processing described in the first aspect when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, where the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the limiter control method for music sound effect processing described in the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a limiter control method, a device, computer equipment and a storage medium for music sound effect processing, which are characterized in that firstly, a sound loudness sequence is obtained for an audio frame to be processed, then an input lifting gain is increased to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence, then a gain curve is obtained for the gain sound loudness sequence based on a limiter, the gain curve is subjected to smoothing processing to obtain a smooth gain curve, gain compensation is performed for the smooth gain curve to obtain a compensation gain curve, finally, the gain curve is converted into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result are summed to obtain an output result. The method has the advantages of realizing the effect of strengthening the general range algorithm, providing more parameter choices, facilitating the adjustment of better audio special effects by users, and ensuring that the maximum loudness of the audio is basically level with the set maximum loudness threshold.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a limiter control method for music sound processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a limiter control method for music sound processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of a control effect of a limiter in a method for controlling a limiter for processing musical sound effects according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of a smoothing gain processing in a limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a limiter control apparatus for music sound processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
Wherein, in order to understand the technical scheme of this application more clearly, the basic concept that the following relates to is introduced.
The sound signal is collected by a sound collection module (a microphone is a sound collection module) at the user side, and is an analog audio signal.
An audio frame is sampled from a sound signal in the form of an original analog signal. The sampling process involves the concepts of sampling frequency, sampling bit number, pulse code modulation (i.e., PCM, which is commonly known as Pulse Code Modulation), etc. The sampling frequency is the sampling frequency of the analog signal in unit time, and the higher the sampling frequency is, the more natural the sound is restored, and the larger the data amount is; the sampling frequency is generally divided into three levels of 22.05KHz, 44.1KHz and 48 KHz. The sampling bit number refers to the data range that each sampling point can represent, and the sampling bit number is usually 8bits or 16bits, and the larger the sampling bit number is, the finer the degree of change of the recordable sound is, and the larger the corresponding data amount is. Pulse code modulation refers to the process of sampling and quantizing sound without any encoding or compression, and quantization refers to the process of representing the amplitude of a sampled discrete sound signal by binary numbers. It can be seen that an audio frame is obtained by sampling a sound signal in the form of an analog signal.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic application scenario diagram of a limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a limiter for processing music effects, which is applied to a server and is executed by application software installed in the server.
As shown in fig. 2, the method includes steps S101 to S107.
S101, responding to an audio processing instruction, and acquiring an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction.
In this embodiment, the technical scheme is described by using a server as an execution body. When the server receives the audio data to be processed sent by the user side (also known as the uploading side), the audio data to be processed can be stored in the server first, and then various processing is carried out on the audio data to obtain final output data.
S102, acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed.
In this embodiment, after the audio frame to be processed is acquired in the server, the corresponding sound loudness sequence is acquired first. Sound loudness is an expression describing the sound intensity of sound at a point in time, and has a range size (- ≡0), and the general formula of sound loudness is expressed as X db =20×log10 (data). However, the above formula of sound loudness has a relatively large problem, mainly that the audio data is often accompanied by more 0 points, resulting in the use of X db There are more infs when calculated by the equation of =20×log10 (data) the value (inf value is worth infinity or infinitesimal).
In one embodiment, step S102 includes:
Acquiring a preset first value, and calculating the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed according to a preset loudness calculation model to obtain the sound loudness sequence of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed; the formula of the loudness calculation model is as followsRepresenting the sound loudness and data of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed i And representing the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein eps represents a preset first numerical value, and abs () represents absolute value operation.
In this embodiment, the preset first value is denoted by eps, and eps=2 when implemented -52 Eps represents the distance from 1.0 to the next maximum double precision number for double precision values and from 1.0 to the next maximum single precision number for single precision values. And determining the maximum value between the absolute value of each frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed and eps by using a max () function, and multiplying each maximum value by 20 after carrying out logarithmic operation with 10 as a base, thereby obtaining the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed and further forming the sound loudness. It can be seen that by means of the improved sound loudness calculation, it is ensured that the minimum loudness is close to-330 db instead of inf, so that the singular value is not generated in the subsequent operation, and the subsequent effect of-330 db on the original audio 0 value is still 0.
S103, acquiring a preset input boost gain, and carrying out gain boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence.
In the present embodiment, the preset input boost gain (defined as InputUpGain, which can be arbitrarily sized but cannot let the loudness value of the gained audio exceed [ -330,0)]The range) can be used for adjusting a time period with lower loudness in the audio, so that the difference of the highest and lowest loudness of the audio processed based on the limiter algorithm in the loudness value is not large, and the situation that the loudness is too low to be recognized by human ears is avoided, so that a user cannot feel that the audio is intermittent is avoided. Wherein,i.e. the sound loudness of the i-th frame audio data in said audio frame to be processed +.>Increasing the input boost gain amount InputUpGain to update the sound loudness of the i-th frame audio data in the audio frames to be processed>
In one embodiment, step S103 further includes:
the audio frame to be processed carries out gain adjustment according to the input lifting gain amount and a preset audio time domain data adjustment model to obtain a gain audio frame; wherein, the formula of the audio time domain data adjustment model is change_data i ＝data i /(10∧InputUpGain/20)，change_data i Represents the i-th frame gain audio data in the gain audio frame, data i And representing the ith frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed, wherein InputUpGain represents the input lifting gain.
In this embodiment, since the gain amount is increased for the sound loudness sequence according to the input increase gain amount, a gain sound loudness sequence is obtained, and at this time, the time domain data synchronization of the original audio frame to be processed needs to be adjusted based on the input increase gain amount InputUpGain, so as to achieve consistency adjustment.
S104, acquiring a preset limiter, and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter.
In this embodiment, the preset limiter may implement a gain calculation that provides a first coarse estimate of the limiter control gain signal. The limiter control has different static characteristics, as shown in fig. 3a, with different adjustable properties. The limiter relates to important parameters such as inflection boundary range, compression ratio, basic loudness threshold value and the like.
The inflection boundary range (i.e., knee Width, also understood as inflection Width, denoted herein by W) is a relatively important parameter that allows the limiter control algorithm to exhibit two different modes, namely Soft Knee mode (i.e., soft Knee) and Hard Knee mode (i.e., hard Knee). The inflection boundary range is mainly used for optimizing a value close to the basic loudness threshold value, so that the inflection boundary range is a curve with a relatively slow change in a range.
A basic loudness Threshold, denoted by Threshold and abbreviated as T, is used to cause the limiter to control the loudness of the sound within a maximum range of basic loudness in a specific application (in practice it is ensured that the loudness of most sounds does not exceed this basic loudness Threshold).
The compression Ratio is represented by Ratio and is simply denoted as R, the compression Ratio is to compress the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold, the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold is compressed in a mode of R1, for example, the set threshold is-10 db, the loudness of the current point is-6, the compression Ratio is 4:1, and the loudness of the point after compression is-9 db.
In one embodiment, step S104 includes:
if the limiter is determined to be a soft inflection point type limiter, a first model of the soft inflection point type limiter is obtained, and a difference value is subtracted from the gain sound loudness sequence and the first model to obtain a gain curve;
and if the limiter is determined to be a hard inflection point type limiter, acquiring a second model of the hard inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the difference value from the second model to obtain a gain curve.
Wherein, the formula of the first model is:
Wherein,a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness representing the audio data of the ith frame of said audio frames to be processed,/for>And representing the sound loudness of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein T represents the basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, W represents the inflection point boundary range of the limiter, and R represents the compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
The formula of the second model is as follows:
wherein,a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness representing the audio data of the ith frame of said audio frames to be processed,/for>And representing the sound loudness of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein T represents the basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, and R represents the compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
In this embodiment, the first model corresponding to the limiter of soft inflection point type and the second model corresponding to the limiter of hard inflection point type are both improved, and the compression ratio is introduced to fine tune the limiter algorithm. In the first model and the second model,r is defined as [30,60 ]]Representing a loudness exceeding a basic loudness threshold in the range of [30,60 ]The compression ratio between them. If the gain sound loudness sequence is adjusted based on the first model corresponding to the inflection point type limiter or the second model corresponding to the hard inflection point type limiter, the obtained gain curve is expressed as g c ＝X db -X sc 。
S105, carrying out smoothing processing on the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smooth gain curve.
Wherein, step S105 includes:
acquiring an attack time interval and a release time interval corresponding to the smooth gain strategy, and acquiring a first curve smoothing mode corresponding to the attack time interval and a second curve smoothing mode corresponding to the release time interval of the smooth gain strategy;
and smoothing the corresponding curve of the attack time interval in the gain curve according to the first curve smoothing mode, and smoothing the corresponding curve of the release time interval in the gain curve according to the second curve smoothing mode to obtain a smooth gain curve.
In this embodiment, smoothing the gain curve may reduce sharp jumps in the applied gain, reducing the likelihood of artifacts and unnatural sound generation. The Attack time interval (i.e., attack Phase) and the Release time interval (i.e., release Phase) are involved in a preset smoothing gain strategy. The attack time interval is used primarily to reduce the gain in response to an increase in the input level to achieve an output gain determined by the ratio; the release time interval is then the opposite, the release time interval increasing the gain in response to the input level decreasing to achieve an output gain determined by the ratio. For example, as shown in fig. 3b, if the basic loudness threshold T of the limiter is-3 db, and the compression ratio R is 2:1, i.e., in the attach Phase, the Output gain does not reach 6db from 9db at one instant, but reaches the loudness compressed by the compression ratio at a slow speed (refer to Output level in fig. 3b, and if the limiter is not used, the Output gain reaches 6db from 9db at one instant and specifically refer to Input level in fig. 3 b); and during the release time interval, the segment is less than the basic loudness threshold requirement, so the loudness of 3db is reduced again, and then the original output gain is reached.
The attack time interval and the release time interval in the existing limiter are linear operations, and unnatural sound generation still exists when the gain is smoothed at the time end point, and in this application, the original smoothing gain equation is improved, and the improved smoothing gain equation is as shown in the following formula (1):
in the formula (1)g c The gain curve g obtained in step S104 s Representing a smooth gain curve, F S For the sampling rate corresponding to the audio frame to be processed, T A Representing attack time interval set in limiter, T R Representing the release time interval set in the limiter.
And S106, performing gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve.
In this embodiment, the automatic output gain compensation is actually an operation of output loudness compensation, but the output loudness compensation without any limitation destroys the sound quality of sound, and for this, a logic is set on the basis of the original direct compensation, that is, when more than half of the loudness value is 0 value after one gain, the output gain will be gained in a compression ratio manner. Because the input gain for inputting the boost gain amount to the sound loudness sequence is used for improving the loudness value of the original audio, the lower loudness audio of the audio within the limited range can be compensated, the loudness of the whole audio is kept in an equilibrium state, and the soft sense of the audio is kept. The automatic output gain also works similarly to the input gain, but now for the same When the smooth gain curve performs gain compensation according to the preset automatic output gain compensation strategy, the difference is that the loudness increase in the input gain is default and not limited, no matter how much the loudness increase is, the loudness of each point of the limiter can be kept consistent in the most limiting case, while the automatic output gain compensation cannot perform endless loudness expansion, because the value of the audio data has a conversion relation with the loudness, and the loudness value is the value of the corresponding audio loudness (-1, 1) of (- ≡0), therefore, when the gain supplement is greater than the loudness limit, a secondary compression is needed to prevent the audio from generating noise and unpredictable blurry sound. The automatic output gain compensation strategy is as follows: when the sound loudness of the audio in the smooth gain curve exceeds 0, performing secondary limitation; the rule of the quadratic constraint is that the smoothed gain curve g is calculated first s The difference delta db between the current sound loudness of the middle audio and 0db is compared with a preset gain supplement value OutputGain, if the gain supplement value OutputGain is smaller than or equal to the difference delta db, the difference delta db is directly calculated on a smooth gain curve g c Directly adding a gain supplement value OutputGain; if the gain supplement value OutputGain is greater than the difference Δdb, the gain curve g is smoothed s Up increaseNamely, the automatic output gain compensation strategy corresponds to the formula (2) as follows:
wherein g m [n]Represents the loudness value g after gain supplementation s [n]Representing the loudness value corresponding to the smooth gain curve, Δdb is the smooth gain curve g s The difference between the current sound loudness of the middle audio and 0db, outputGain, is a preset gain supplement value.
S107, converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In this embodiment, the gain curve is first converted to a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, specificallyWherein g m Represents a compensation gain curve and g lin Representing the conversion result. And after the conversion result is obtained, summing the conversion result with the audio frame to be processed to obtain an output result. The method solves various noise conditions after audio mixing, and ensures that the tone quality after audio mixing can still keep a better texture. In addition, more parameters are additionally expanded to meet the requirement that the user performs deeper audio mixing effect on the audio, and preset values of some better audio mixing effects are given to the user, so that the user is helped to quickly perform fine adjustment.
The method realizes the effect of strengthening the general range algorithm, provides more parameter choices, is convenient for users to adjust better audio special effects, and ensures that the maximum loudness of the audio is basically level with the set maximum loudness threshold.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a limiter control device for music sound effect processing, which is used for executing any embodiment of the limiter control method for music sound effect processing. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a limiter control apparatus 100 for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the limiter control apparatus 100 for music sound effect processing includes an initial audio acquisition unit 101, a loudness acquisition unit 102, an input boost unit 103, a gain curve acquisition unit 104, a curve smoothing unit 105, a gain compensation unit 106, and an output unit 107.
An initial audio obtaining unit 101, configured to obtain, in response to an audio processing instruction, an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction.
In this embodiment, the technical scheme is described by using a server as an execution body. When the server receives the audio data to be processed sent by the user side (also known as the uploading side), the audio data to be processed can be stored in the server first, and then various processing is carried out on the audio data to obtain final output data.
A loudness obtaining unit 102, configured to obtain a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed.
In this embodiment, after the audio frame to be processed is acquired in the server, the corresponding sound loudness sequence is acquired first. Sound loudness is an expression describing the sound intensity of sound at a point in time, and has a range size (- ≡0), and the general formula of sound loudness is expressed as X db =20×log10 (data). However, the above formula of sound loudness has a relatively large problem, mainly that the audio data is often accompanied by more 0 points, resulting in the use of X db There are more infs when calculated by the equation of =20×log10 (data) the value (inf value is worth infinity or infinitesimal).
In an embodiment, the loudness acquisition unit 102 is specifically configured to:
acquiring a preset first value, and calculating the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed according to a preset loudness calculation model to obtain the sound loudness sequence of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed; the formula of the loudness calculation model is as followsRepresenting the sound loudness and data of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed i And representing the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein eps represents a preset first numerical value, and abs () represents absolute value operation.
In this embodiment, the preset first value is denoted by eps, and eps=2 when implemented -52 Eps represents the distance from 1.0 to the next maximum double precision number for double precision values and from 1.0 to the next maximum single precision number for single precision values. Determining maximum value between absolute value of audio data and eps of each frame in the audio frame to be processed by using max () function, and multiplying each maximum value by 20 after logarithmic operation with 10 as base, thereby obtaining audio of each frame in the audio frame to be processedThe sound loudness of the data thus constitutes the sound loudness. It can be seen that by means of the improved sound loudness calculation, it is ensured that the minimum loudness is close to-330 db instead of inf, so that the singular value is not generated in the subsequent operation, and the subsequent effect of-330 db on the original audio 0 value is still 0.
The input boost unit 103 is configured to obtain a preset input boost gain, and boost the sound loudness sequence by a gain according to the input boost gain, so as to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence.
In the present embodiment, the preset input boost gain (defined as InputUpGain, which can be arbitrarily sized but cannot let the loudness value of the gained audio exceed [ -330,0)]The range) can be used for adjusting a time period with lower loudness in the audio, so that the difference of the highest and lowest loudness of the audio processed based on the limiter algorithm in the loudness value is not large, and the situation that the loudness is too low to be recognized by human ears is avoided, so that a user cannot feel that the audio is intermittent is avoided. Wherein,i.e. loudness of sound of the i-th frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processedIncreasing the input boost gain amount InputUpGain to update the sound loudness of the i-th frame audio data in the audio frames to be processed>
In one embodiment, the limiter control apparatus 100 for sound effect processing further includes:
the time domain data adjustment unit is used for performing gain adjustment on the audio frame to be processed according to the input lifting gain amount and a preset audio time domain data adjustment model to obtain a gain audio frame; wherein, the formula of the audio time domain data adjustment model is change_data i ＝data i /(10∧InputUpGain/20)，change_data i Representing the gain audio frameThe ith frame of the audio data, data i And representing the ith frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed, wherein InputUpGain represents the input lifting gain.
In this embodiment, since the gain amount is increased for the sound loudness sequence according to the input increase gain amount, a gain sound loudness sequence is obtained, and at this time, the time domain data synchronization of the original audio frame to be processed needs to be adjusted based on the input increase gain amount InputUpGain, so as to achieve consistency adjustment.
The gain curve obtaining unit 104 is configured to obtain a preset limiter, and obtain a gain curve according to a difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter.
In this embodiment, the preset limiter may implement a gain calculation that provides a first coarse estimate of the limiter control gain signal. The limiter control has different static characteristics, as shown in fig. 3a, with different adjustable properties. The limiter relates to important parameters such as inflection boundary range, compression ratio, basic loudness threshold value and the like.
The inflection boundary range (i.e., knee Width, also understood as inflection Width, denoted herein by W) is a relatively important parameter that allows the limiter control algorithm to exhibit two different modes, namely Soft Knee mode (i.e., soft Knee) and Hard Knee mode (i.e., hard Knee). The inflection boundary range is mainly used for optimizing a value close to the basic loudness threshold value, so that the inflection boundary range is a curve with a relatively slow change in a range.
A basic loudness Threshold, denoted by Threshold and abbreviated as T, is used to cause the limiter to control the loudness of the sound within a maximum range of basic loudness in a specific application (in practice it is ensured that the loudness of most sounds does not exceed this basic loudness Threshold).
The compression Ratio is expressed by Ratio and is abbreviated as R, the compression Ratio is to compress the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold, the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold is compressed in a mode of R1, for example, the set threshold is-10 db, the loudness of the current point is-6, the compression Ratio is 4:1, and the loudness of the point after compression is-9 db.
In one embodiment, the gain curve obtaining unit 104 is specifically configured to:
if the limiter is determined to be a soft inflection point type limiter, a first model of the soft inflection point type limiter is obtained, and a difference value is subtracted from the gain sound loudness sequence and the first model to obtain a gain curve;
and if the limiter is determined to be a hard inflection point type limiter, acquiring a second model of the hard inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the difference value from the second model to obtain a gain curve.
Wherein, the formula of the first model is:
Wherein,a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness representing the audio data of the ith frame of said audio frames to be processed,/for>And representing the sound loudness of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein T represents the basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, W represents the inflection point boundary range of the limiter, and R represents the compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
The formula of the second model is as follows:
wherein,representing a limitation corresponding to sound loudness of the i-th frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processedValue of->And representing the sound loudness of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein T represents the basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, and R represents the compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
In this embodiment, the first model corresponding to the limiter of soft inflection point type and the second model corresponding to the limiter of hard inflection point type are both improved, and the compression ratio is introduced to fine tune the limiter algorithm. In the first model and the second model, R is defined in the range of [30,60 ]]Representing a loudness exceeding a basic loudness threshold in the range of [30,60 ]The compression ratio between them. If the gain sound loudness sequence is adjusted based on the first model corresponding to the inflection point type limiter or the second model corresponding to the hard inflection point type limiter, the obtained gain curve is expressed as g c ＝X db -X sc 。
And the curve smoothing unit 105 is configured to perform smoothing processing on the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain policy, so as to obtain a smoothed gain curve.
The curve smoothing unit 105 is specifically configured to:
acquiring an attack time interval and a release time interval corresponding to the smooth gain strategy, and acquiring a first curve smoothing mode corresponding to the attack time interval and a second curve smoothing mode corresponding to the release time interval of the smooth gain strategy;
and smoothing the corresponding curve of the attack time interval in the gain curve according to the first curve smoothing mode, and smoothing the corresponding curve of the release time interval in the gain curve according to the second curve smoothing mode to obtain a smooth gain curve.
In this embodiment, smoothing the gain curve may reduce sharp jumps in the applied gain, reducing the likelihood of artifacts and unnatural sound generation. The Attack time interval (i.e., attack Phase) and the Release time interval (i.e., release Phase) are involved in a preset smoothing gain strategy. The attack time interval is used primarily to reduce the gain in response to an increase in the input level to achieve an output gain determined by the ratio; the release time interval is then the opposite, the release time interval increasing the gain in response to the input level decreasing to achieve an output gain determined by the ratio. For example, as shown in fig. 3b, if the basic loudness threshold T of the limiter is-3 db, and the compression ratio R is 2:1, i.e., in the attach Phase, the Output gain does not reach 6db from 9db at one instant, but reaches the loudness compressed by the compression ratio at a slow speed (refer to Output level in fig. 3b, and if the limiter is not used, the Output gain reaches 6db from 9db at one instant and specifically refer to Input level in fig. 3 b); and during the release time interval, the segment is less than the basic loudness threshold requirement, so the loudness of 3db is reduced again, and then the original output gain is reached.
The attack time interval and the release time interval in the existing limiter are linear operations, and unnatural sound generation still exists at the time end point for the smoothing of the gain, and the original smooth gain equation is improved in the application, and the improved smooth gain equation is as shown in the formula (1).
And the gain compensation unit 106 is configured to perform gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy, so as to obtain a compensated gain curve.
In this embodiment, the automatic output gain compensation is actually an operation of output loudness compensation, but the output loudness compensation without any limitation destroys the sound quality of sound, and for this, a logic is set on the basis of the original direct compensation, that is, when more than half of the loudness value is 0 value after one gain, the output gain will be gained in a compression ratio manner. Because the input gain for inputting the boost gain amount to the sound loudness sequence is used for improving the loudness value of the original audio, the lower loudness audio of the audio within the limited range can be compensated, the loudness of the whole audio is kept in an equilibrium state, and the soft sense of the audio is kept. Similar to the input gain, the automatic output gain The method also has similar effects, but when the smooth gain curve is subjected to gain compensation according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy, the method is different in that the loudness in the input gain is improved by default without limitation, the loudness value of the input gain can be limited within a limited range (the loudness of each point of the limiter can be kept consistent in the most limiting case), the automatic output gain compensation cannot be subjected to endless loudness expansion, because the value of the audio data and the loudness have a conversion relation, and the loudness value is equal to the value of the corresponding audio loudness (-1, 1) of (-, 0), and therefore, when the added loudness of the gain is greater than the limit value, a secondary compression is needed, so that the audio cannot generate noise and unpredictable fuzzy sounds. The automatic output gain compensation strategy is as follows: when the sound loudness of the audio in the smooth gain curve exceeds 0, performing secondary limitation; the rule of the quadratic constraint is that the smoothed gain curve g is calculated first s The difference delta db between the current sound loudness of the middle audio and 0db is compared with a preset gain supplement value OutputGain, if the gain supplement value OutputGain is smaller than or equal to the difference delta db, the difference delta db is directly calculated on a smooth gain curve g c Directly adding a gain supplement value OutputGain; if the gain supplement value OutputGain is greater than the difference Δdb, the gain curve g is smoothed s Up increaseI.e. the automatic output gain compensation strategy corresponds to equation (2) above.
And an output unit 107, configured to convert the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and sum the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In this embodiment, the gain curve is first converted to a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, specificallyWherein g m Represents a compensation gain curve and g lin Representing the conversion result. After the conversion result is obtained, the conversion result is summed with the audio frame to be processed, namelyAn output result can be obtained. The method solves various noise conditions after audio mixing, and ensures that the tone quality after audio mixing can still keep a better texture. In addition, more parameters are additionally expanded to meet the requirement that the user performs deeper audio mixing effect on the audio, and preset values of some better audio mixing effects are given to the user, so that the user is helped to quickly perform fine adjustment.
The device realizes the effect of strengthening the general range algorithm, provides more parameter choices, is convenient for users to adjust better audio special effects, and ensures that the maximum loudness of the audio is basically level with the set maximum loudness threshold.
The limiter control apparatus of the music sound effect processing described above may be implemented in the form of a computer program which can be run on a computer device as shown in fig. 5.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The computer device 500 is a server, or a cluster of servers. The server may be an independent server, or may be a cloud server that provides cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content delivery networks (Content Delivery Network, CDN), and basic cloud computing services such as big data and artificial intelligence platforms.
With reference to fig. 5, the computer device 500 includes a processor 502, a memory, and a network interface 505, which are connected by a device bus 501, where the memory may include a storage medium 503 and an internal memory 504.
The storage medium 503 may store an operating device 5031 and a computer program 5032. The computer program 5032, when executed, may cause the processor 502 to perform a limiter control method of a musical sound effect process.
The processor 502 is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the overall computer device 500.
The internal memory 504 provides an environment for the execution of a computer program 5032 in the storage medium 503, which computer program 5032, when executed by the processor 502, causes the processor 502 to perform a limiter control method for sound effect processing.
The network interface 505 is used for network communication, such as providing for transmission of data information, etc. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the architecture shown in fig. 5 is merely a block diagram of some of the architecture relevant to the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the computer device 500 to which the present inventive arrangements may be implemented, as a particular computer device 500 may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.
The processor 502 is configured to execute a computer program 5032 stored in a memory, so as to implement the limiter control method for music sound effect processing disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiment of the computer device shown in fig. 5 is not limiting of the specific construction of the computer device, and in other embodiments, the computer device may include more or less components than those shown, or certain components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components. For example, in some embodiments, the computer device may include only a memory and a processor, and in such embodiments, the structure and function of the memory and the processor are consistent with the embodiment shown in fig. 5, and will not be described again.
It should be appreciated that in an embodiment of the invention, the processor 502 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), the processor 502 may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASICs), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. Wherein the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
In another embodiment of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer readable storage medium may be a nonvolatile computer readable storage medium or a volatile computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the limiter control method of music sound effect processing disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the apparatus, device and unit described above may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, in computer software, or in a combination of the two, and that the elements and steps of the examples have been generally described in terms of function in the foregoing description to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, there may be another division manner in actual implementation, or units having the same function may be integrated into one unit, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another apparatus, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices, or elements, or may be an electrical, mechanical, or other form of connection.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units may be stored in a storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be essentially or a part contributing to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a background server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A limiter control method of music sound effect processing, comprising:
responding to an audio processing instruction, and acquiring an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
acquiring a preset input boost gain, and performing gain boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
acquiring a preset limiter, and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
carrying out smoothing treatment on the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smooth gain curve;
performing gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; the automatic output gain compensation is to compensate the output loudness, namely when more than half of the loudness value is 0 value after one gain, the output gain will gain in a compression ratio mode; the automatic output gain compensation strategy is as follows: when the sound loudness of the audio in the smooth gain curve exceeds 0, performing secondary limitation; the rule of the quadratic constraint is that the smoothed gain curve g is calculated first s The difference delta db between the current sound loudness of the middle audio and 0db is compared with a preset gain supplement value OutputGain, and if the gain supplement value OutputGain is smaller than or equal to the difference delta db, the gain is smoothed in a gain curve g c Adding a gain supplement value OutputGain; if the gain supplement value OutputGain is greater than the difference Δdb, the gain curve g is smoothed s Up increaseNamely, the automatic output gain compensation strategy corresponds to the formula (2) as follows:
wherein g m [n]Represents the loudness value g after gain supplementation s [n]Representing the loudness value corresponding to the smooth gain curve, Δdb is the smooth gain curve g s The difference between the current sound loudness of the middle audio and 0db is OutputGain, which is a preset gain complementRecharging; and
and converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
2. The method of controlling a limiter for musical sound effect processing according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring the sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed includes:
acquiring a preset first value, and calculating the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed according to a preset loudness calculation model to obtain the sound loudness sequence of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed; the formula of the loudness calculation model is as follows Representing the sound loudness and data of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed i Representing the i-th frame audio data in the audio frame to be processed, wherein eps represents a preset first numerical value, and abs () represents absolute value operation; the max () function is used to determine the maximum between the absolute value of each frame of audio data and eps in the audio frame to be processed.
3. The method for controlling a limiter in a music sound effect processing according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining a preset input boost gain, and the performing gain boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain, after obtaining a gain sound loudness sequence, further includes:
performing gain adjustment on the audio frame to be processed according to the input lifting gain amount and a preset audio time domain data adjustment model to obtain a gain audio frame; wherein, when the audio frequency is providedThe formula of the domain data adjustment model is change_data i ＝data i /(10∧InputUpGain/20)，change_data i Represents the i-th frame gain audio data in the gain audio frame, data i And representing the ith frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed, wherein InputUpGain represents the input lifting gain.
4. The method of controlling a limiter for processing musical sound effects according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining a preset limiter, obtaining a gain curve according to a difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter, includes:
If the limiter is determined to be a soft inflection point type limiter, a first model of the soft inflection point type limiter is obtained, and a difference value is subtracted from the gain sound loudness sequence and the first model to obtain a gain curve;
and if the limiter is determined to be a hard inflection point type limiter, acquiring a second model of the hard inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the difference value from the second model to obtain a gain curve.
5. The method of controlling a limiter for a musical sound effect processing according to claim 4, wherein the formula of the first model is:
wherein,representing a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the i-th frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed,representing the sound loudness of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, T representing the basic loudness threshold of the limiter, and W representing the limitThe inflection boundary range of the limiter, R, represents the compression ratio at which the limiter compresses the loudness value beyond the basic loudness threshold.
6. The method of controlling a limiter for a musical sound effect processing according to claim 4, wherein the formula of the second model is:
wherein, Representing a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the i-th frame of audio data in the audio frames to be processed,and representing the sound loudness of the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frames to be processed, wherein T represents the basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, and R represents the compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
7. The method of controlling a limiter for music sound effect processing according to claim 1, wherein the smoothing the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothed gain curve comprises:
acquiring an attack time interval and a release time interval corresponding to the smooth gain strategy, and acquiring a first curve smoothing mode corresponding to the attack time interval and a second curve smoothing mode corresponding to the release time interval of the smooth gain strategy;
and smoothing the corresponding curve of the attack time interval in the gain curve according to the first curve smoothing mode, and smoothing the corresponding curve of the release time interval in the gain curve according to the second curve smoothing mode to obtain a smooth gain curve.
8. A limiter control apparatus for music sound effect processing, comprising:
An initial audio acquisition unit, configured to respond to an audio processing instruction, and acquire an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
a loudness acquisition unit, configured to acquire a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
the input lifting unit is used for acquiring a preset input lifting gain, and lifting the gain of the sound loudness sequence according to the input lifting gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
the gain curve acquisition unit is used for acquiring a preset limiter and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
the curve smoothing unit is used for carrying out smoothing treatment on the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smooth gain curve;
the gain compensation unit is used for carrying out gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; the automatic output gain compensation is to compensate the output loudness, namely when more than half of the loudness value is 0 value after one gain, the output gain will gain in a compression ratio mode; the automatic output gain compensation strategy is as follows: when the sound loudness of the audio in the smooth gain curve exceeds 0, performing secondary limitation; the rule of the quadratic constraint is that the smoothed gain curve g is calculated first s The difference delta db between the current sound loudness of the middle audio and 0db is compared with a preset gain supplement value OutputGain, and if the gain supplement value OutputGain is smaller than or equal to the difference delta db, the gain is smoothed in a gain curve g c Adding a gain supplement value OutputGain; if the gain supplement value OutputGain is greater than the difference Δdb, the gain curve g is smoothed s Up increaseI.e. automatic output gain compensation strategyThe corresponding formula (2) is as follows:
wherein g m [n]Represents the loudness value g after gain supplementation s [n]Representing the loudness value corresponding to the smooth gain curve, Δdb is the smooth gain curve g s The difference between the current sound loudness of the middle audio frequency and 0db is OutputGain which is a preset gain supplement value; and
and the output unit is used for converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements a limiter control method of a musical sound effect process according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the limiter control method of music sound effect processing according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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