CN114267382A - Limiter control method, device, equipment and medium for music sound effect processing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an audio processing technology, and provides a limiter control method, a device, equipment and a medium for music sound effect processing. The method and the device have the advantages that the effect of strengthening a general range algorithm is achieved, more parameter selections are provided, users can adjust better audio special effects conveniently, and the maximum loudness of the audio is basically flush with the set maximum loudness threshold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of audio processing, in particular to a limiter control method and device for music sound effect processing, computer equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Music is an important ring of content in audio and video clips, and the processing of music effects can enhance the immersive effect of videos and express the idea of video creation of a clipper. In the musical sound effect processing, the dynamic range control is an extremely important block, and the compressor limiter expander can endow music with a magic charm and is commonly used in music mixing. The algorithm can make some changes on the frequency and loudness of music, or make the music become low, or make the music become exciting, and the user can carry out sound mixing special effect processing on the music according to the requirement of the user. The limiter is the most commonly used algorithm, is mainly used for suppressing the part of which the loudness is higher than the threshold value, smoothes the connection of the suppression part, is commonly used for limiting background sound and limiting the maximum loudness of music, and meets the requirements of users in different application scenes.
At present, no limiter control algorithm is applied in video clip software, but the limiter control algorithm is commonly used in professional audio processing software, such as Adobe audio and AudioDirector. This does not mean that audio mixing special effects are not needed in video clips, but that mixing special effects require certain music basis and professional knowledge, so that it is a direction worth exploring to allow ordinary users to quickly adjust a satisfactory effect.
Although the limiter control algorithm designed by the existing software can realize the expected logic effect, namely the volume of a small sound place is not too weak, the volume of a loud sound place is not too strong, the whole music is in a reasonable volume range, and the situation that the size of the whole music is not large or small after audio processing is ensured, the existing limiter control algorithm still has a plurality of difficulties:
1. the limiter control algorithm is composed of a plurality of parameters, and the parameters determine the mode of music audio change, so that the limit that the loudness exceeds the threshold setting due to the parameter change cannot be guaranteed when the limiter is used.
2. For the current common information gain compensation process, a good algorithm for avoiding loudness border crossing is not provided, so that after the limiter is controlled, the loudness of music exceeds a reasonable loudness range, and the music becomes noise.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a limiter control method, a device, computer equipment and a storage medium for music sound effect processing, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, when a limiter is used, the limit that loudness exceeds threshold setting due to parameter change cannot be guaranteed, and a good algorithm for avoiding loudness border crossing is not provided.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a limiter control method for music sound effect processing, including:
responding to an audio processing instruction, and acquiring a to-be-processed audio frame corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
acquiring a preset input boost gain amount, and performing gain amount boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain amount to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
acquiring a preset limiter, and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
smoothing the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothing gain curve;
carrying out gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; and
and converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a limiter control apparatus for music sound effect processing, including:
the audio processing device comprises an initial audio acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the initial audio acquisition unit is used for responding to an audio processing instruction and acquiring an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
the loudness acquisition unit is used for acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
the input lifting unit is used for acquiring preset input lifting gain quantity and lifting the gain quantity of the sound loudness sequence according to the input lifting gain quantity to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
the gain curve acquisition unit is used for acquiring a preset limiter and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
the curve smoothing unit is used for smoothing the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothing gain curve;
the gain compensation unit is used for carrying out gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; and
and the output unit is used for converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to the first aspect is implemented.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the limiter control method for music effect processing according to the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a limiter control method, a device, computer equipment and a storage medium for music sound effect processing. The method and the device have the advantages that the effect of strengthening a general range algorithm is achieved, more parameter selections are provided, users can adjust better audio special effects conveniently, and the maximum loudness of the audio is basically flush with the set maximum loudness threshold.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram illustrating the control effect of a limiter in the limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic diagram of smoothing gain processing in the limiter control method for music effect processing according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a limiter control apparatus for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In order to clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the basic concepts involved are introduced below.
The sound signal, which is collected by a sound collection module (such as a microphone) at the user end, is an analog audio signal.
Audio frames, which are sampled from the sound signal in the form of the original analog signal. The sampling process involves the concepts of sampling frequency, sampling bit number, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM, which is called Pulse Code Modulation) and the like. The sampling frequency is the sampling frequency of the analog signal in unit time, the higher the sampling frequency is, the more real and natural the sound is restored, and the larger the data volume is; the sampling frequency is generally divided into three grades of 22.05KHz, 44.1KHz and 48 KHz. The sampling digit is a data range which can be represented by each sampling point, the sampling digit is generally 8bits or 16bits, the greater the sampling digit is, the finer the change degree of the recorded sound is, and the larger the corresponding data quantity is. Pulse code modulation refers to the process of sampling and quantizing sound, and the quantization refers to the representation of the amplitude of a discrete sound signal after sampling by binary numbers without any encoding and compression processing. It can be seen that the audio frame is obtained by sampling the sound signal in the form of an analog signal.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a limiter control method for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the limiter control method for music sound effect processing is applied to a server and is executed by application software installed in the server.
As shown in fig. 2, the method includes steps S101 to S107.
S101, responding to an audio processing instruction, and acquiring a to-be-processed audio frame corresponding to the audio processing instruction.
In this embodiment, the technical solution is described with a server as an execution subject. When receiving audio data to be processed sent by a user side (also understood as an upload side), a server may store the audio data in the server, and then perform various processing on the audio data to obtain final output data.
And S102, acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed.
In this embodiment, after the audio frame to be processed is obtained in the server, the corresponding sound loudness sequence is obtained first. Sound loudness is an expression describing the sound intensity of a sound at an instant, with the range size (— infinity, 0), and the general formula of sound loudness is expressed as Xdb20 log10 (data). However, the above formula of sound loudness has a relatively large problem, mainly the audio data is often accompanied by more 0 points, resulting in using XdbThere are many inf values (the inf value is worth infinity or infinitesimal values) when the formula 20 × log10(data) is calculated.
In one embodiment, step S102 includes:
acquiring a preset first numerical value, and calculating each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed according to a preset loudness calculation model to obtain the loudness of sound of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed so as to form the sound loudness sequence; the formula of the loudness calculation model is
Representing the sound loudness, data, of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processediRepresenting the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frame to be processed, eps representing a preset first numerical value, and abs () representing an absolute value operation.
In the present embodiment, the preset first value is represented by eps, and eps is 2 when implemented specifically-52For double precision values eps means from 1.0 to the next maximum double precisionDistance of numbers, eps for a single precision value indicates the distance from 1.0 to the next highest single precision value. And determining the maximum value between the absolute value of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed and eps by using a max () function, and then carrying out logarithm operation on each maximum value by taking 10 as a base number and multiplying the result by 20 to obtain the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed, thereby forming the sound loudness. It can be seen that by the improved sound loudness calculation method, the minimum loudness is ensured to be close to-330 db instead of inf, even though no singular value is generated in the subsequent operation, and the subsequent influence of-330 db on the original audio 0 value is still 0.
S103, obtaining a preset input boost gain amount, and carrying out gain amount boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain amount to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence.
In this embodiment, the preset input boost gain (defined as InputUpGain, which may be of any magnitude, but cannot make the loudness value of the audio after gain exceed [ -330,0 ]]Range) can be used to adjust the time period of low loudness in the audio, ensuring that the highest and lowest loudness of the audio processed based on the limiter algorithm has a small difference in loudness values, and avoiding the situation that the loudness is too low and cannot be recognized by human ears, so that users cannot feel that the audio is intermittent. Wherein,
namely, the loudness of sound of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed
Increasing input boost gain InputUpGain to update the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed
In an embodiment, step S103 is followed by:
the audio frame to be processed is increased by the gain amount and preset according to the inputThe audio time domain data adjusting model performs gain adjustment to obtain a gain audio frame; wherein, the formula of the audio time domain data adjusting model is change _ datai＝datai/(10∧InputUpGain/20)，change_dataiRepresents the ith frame of gain audio data in the gain audio frameiAnd the I frame audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, and the InputUpGain represents the input lifting gain amount.
In this embodiment, since the sound loudness sequence is subjected to gain enhancement according to the input enhancement gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence, the time domain data of the original audio frame to be processed needs to be adjusted synchronously based on the input enhancement gain InputUpGain, so as to achieve consistent adjustment.
And S104, acquiring a preset limiter, and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter.
In this embodiment, the pre-set limiter may implement a gain calculation that provides a first coarse estimate of the limiter control gain signal. The limiter control has different static characteristics, as shown in fig. 3a, with different adjustable performance. Important parameters such as inflection point boundary range, compression ratio and basic loudness threshold are involved in the limiter.
Where the corner margin (i.e. Knee Width, also understood as corner Width, denoted W in this text) is a relatively important parameter, it allows the limiter control algorithm to exhibit two different modes, specifically a Soft corner mode (i.e. Soft Knee) and a Hard corner mode (i.e. Hard Knee). The inflection point boundary range is mainly used for optimizing a value close to the basic loudness threshold value, so that the value is a curve which changes slowly in a range.
The base loudness Threshold, denoted by a Threshold and abbreviated as T, is used to allow the limiter to control the loudness of the sounds within the maximum range of the base loudness in a particular application (in practice, it is ensured that the loudness of the vast majority of the sounds does not exceed this base loudness Threshold).
And a compression Ratio, which is expressed by Ratio and is abbreviated as R, wherein the compression Ratio is used for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value, and the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value is compressed in an R:1 manner, for example, the set threshold value is-10 db, the loudness of the current point is-6, and the compression Ratio is 4:1, so that the compressed loudness of the point is-9 db.
In one embodiment, step S104 includes:
if the limiter is determined to be a soft inflection point type limiter, acquiring a first model of the soft inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the first model from the gain sound loudness sequence to obtain a difference value so as to obtain a gain curve;
and if the limiter is determined to be a hard inflection point type limiter, acquiring a second model of the hard inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the second model from the gain sound loudness sequence to calculate a difference value to obtain a gain curve.
Wherein the formula of the first model is as follows:
wherein,
a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented,
and the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, T represents a basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, W represents an inflection point boundary range of the limiter, and R represents a compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
The formula of the second model is:
wherein,
a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented,
and the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, T represents a basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, and R represents a compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
In this embodiment, both the first model corresponding to the limiter of the soft-knee type and the second model corresponding to the limiter of the hard-knee type are improved, and a compression ratio is introduced to perform fine adjustment on the limiter algorithm. In the first and second models, R is defined in the range of [30,60 ]]Representing loudness outside the base loudness threshold in the range [30,60 ]]With compression ratios in between. If the gain sound loudness sequence is adjusted based on the first model corresponding to the inflection point type limiter or the second model corresponding to the hard inflection point type limiter, the obtained gain curve is represented as gc＝Xdb-Xsc。
And S105, smoothing the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothing gain curve.
Wherein, step S105 includes:
acquiring an attack time interval and a release time interval corresponding to the smooth gain strategy, and acquiring a first curve smoothing mode corresponding to the attack time interval and a second curve smoothing mode corresponding to the release time interval of the smooth gain strategy;
and smoothing the corresponding curve of the attack time interval in the gain curve according to the first curve smoothing mode, and smoothing the corresponding curve of the release time interval in the gain curve according to the second curve smoothing mode to obtain a smooth gain curve.
In this embodiment, smoothing the gain curve reduces sharp jumps in the applied gain, reducing the likelihood of resulting in artifacts and unnatural sound generation. Attack time intervals (i.e., attach Phase), and Release time intervals (i.e., Release Phase) are involved in the pre-set smoothing gain strategy. The attack time interval is used primarily to reduce gain in response to an increase in input level to achieve an output gain determined by the ratio; the release time interval is reversed and increases the gain in response to the input level decreasing to reach the output gain determined by the ratio. For example, as shown in fig. 3b, if the basic loudness threshold T of the limiter is-3 db and the compression ratio R is 2:1, i.e., in the Attack Phase segment, the Output gain does not reach 6db from 9db at an instant, but reaches the loudness after compression ratio compression at a slow speed (see Output level in fig. 3b, if the limiter is not used, the Output gain reaches 6db from 9db at an instant, and particularly see Input level in fig. 3 b); while during the release time interval, the interval is less than the base loudness threshold requirement, so the 3db loudness is again reduced and then the original output gain is reached.
The attack time interval and the release time interval in the existing limiter are a linear operation, and unnatural sound generation still exists when the smoothing of the gain is at the time end point, so that the original smoothing gain equation is improved in the application, and the improved smoothing gain equation is as the following formula (1):
in the formula (1)
gcRepresents the gain curve, g, obtained in step S104sRepresents a smoothed gain curve, FSFor the corresponding sampling rate, T, of the audio frame to be processedARepresents an attack time interval, T, set in the slicerRIndicating the release time interval set in the limiter.
And S106, performing gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve.
In the present embodiment, the automatic output gain compensation is actually an operation of compensating the output loudness, but the output loudness compensation without any limitation may destroy the sound quality of the sound, and a logic is provided for this purpose on the basis of the original direct compensation, that is, when the loudness value of more than half is 0 after the first gain, the output gain will be gained in a compression ratio manner. Because the input gain of the input gain increasing amount is input to the sound loudness sequence before, the input gain is used for increasing the loudness value of the original audio, so that the audio with lower loudness in the limited range can be compensated, the overall loudness of the audio keeps a balanced state, and the soft feeling of the audio is kept. Similar to the input gain, the automatic output gain also plays a similar role, but when the smooth gain curve is subjected to gain compensation according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy, the automatic output gain compensation strategy is different from the automatic output gain compensation strategy, the loudness boost in the input gain is by default unlimited, and can be limited to a limited range no matter how much loudness value is boosted (the most extreme case is that the loudness of each point of the limiter can be kept consistent), while automatic output gain compensation cannot perform endless loudness expansion, because there is a conversion relationship between the value of the audio data and the loudness, the loudness value is at the value of audio loudness (-1, 1) corresponding to (-infinity, 0), therefore, when the gain is supplemented to a level greater than the loudness limit, a second compression is required to prevent the audio from generating noise and unpredictable ambiguities. The automatic output gain compensation strategy is as follows: when the loudness of the sound with the audio frequency in the smooth gain curve exceeds 0, secondary limitation is carried out; the rule of the second order limitation is to calculate the smooth gain curve g firstsThe difference value delta db between the current sound loudness of the medium audio frequency and 0db is compared with the preset gain supplement value OutputGain, and if the gain supplement value OutputGain is smaller than or equal to the difference value delta db, the smooth gain curve g is directly obtainedcDirectly increasing the gain supplement value OutputGain; if the gain supplement value OutputGain is greater than the difference value delta db, smoothing the gain curve gsUpper increase
Namely, the automatic output gain compensation strategy corresponds to the following formula (2):
wherein, gm[n]Represents the loudness value, g, after gain supplementations[n]Representing the loudness value corresponding to the smooth gain curve, and Δ db is the smooth gain curve gsThe difference between the current sound loudness of the intermediate audio and 0db, OutputGain, is a preset gain supplement value.
And S107, converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In this embodiment, the gain curve is first converted into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, specifically, the conversion result is obtained
Wherein g ismRepresents a compensation gain curve and glinIndicating the result of the conversion. And after the conversion result is obtained, summing the conversion result and the audio frame to be processed to obtain an output result. Various noise conditions after audio mixing are solved, and the sound quality after audio mixing can still keep a better texture. And this application has additionally expanded more parameters and has satisfied the user and carried out deeper audio mixing effect to the audio frequency to give the user some default values of better audio mixing effect, help the user to finely tune fast.
The method achieves the effect of strengthening the general range algorithm, provides more parameter selections, facilitates users to adjust better audio special effects, and ensures that the maximum loudness of the audio is basically flush with the set maximum loudness threshold.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a limiter control device for music sound effect processing, which is used for executing any embodiment of the limiter control method for music sound effect processing. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a limiter control device 100 for music sound effect processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the limiter control device 100 for music effect processing includes an initial audio acquisition unit 101, a loudness acquisition unit 102, an input boost unit 103, a gain curve acquisition unit 104, a curve smoothing unit 105, a gain compensation unit 106, and an output unit 107.
The initial audio acquiring unit 101 is configured to, in response to an audio processing instruction, acquire a to-be-processed audio frame corresponding to the audio processing instruction.
In this embodiment, the technical solution is described with a server as an execution subject. When receiving audio data to be processed sent by a user side (also understood as an upload side), a server may store the audio data in the server, and then perform various processing on the audio data to obtain final output data.
A loudness obtaining unit 102, configured to obtain a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed.
In this embodiment, after the audio frame to be processed is obtained in the server, the corresponding sound loudness sequence is obtained first. Sound loudness is an expression describing the sound intensity of a sound at an instant, with the range size (— infinity, 0), and the general formula of sound loudness is expressed as Xdb20 log10 (data). However, the above formula of sound loudness has a relatively large problem, mainly the audio data is often accompanied by more 0 points, resulting in using XdbThere are many inf values (the inf value is worth infinity or infinitesimal values) when the formula 20 × log10(data) is calculated.
In an embodiment, the loudness acquisition unit 102 is specifically configured to:
acquiring a preset first numerical value, and calculating each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed according to a preset loudness calculation model to obtain the loudness of sound of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed so as to form the sound loudness sequence; the formula of the loudness calculation model is
Representing the sound loudness, data, of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processediRepresenting the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frame to be processed, eps representing a preset first numerical value, and abs () representing an absolute value operation.
In the present embodiment, the preset first value is represented by eps, and eps is 2 when implemented specifically-52For double-precision values eps means the distance from 1.0 to the next largest double-precision value, and for single-precision values eps means the distance from 1.0 to the next largest single-precision value. And determining the maximum value between the absolute value of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed and eps by using a max () function, and then carrying out logarithm operation on each maximum value by taking 10 as a base number and multiplying the result by 20 to obtain the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed, thereby forming the sound loudness. It can be seen that by the improved sound loudness calculation method, the minimum loudness is ensured to be close to-330 db instead of inf, even though no singular value is generated in the subsequent operation, and the subsequent influence of-330 db on the original audio 0 value is still 0.
And the input boost unit 103 is configured to obtain a preset input boost gain amount, and boost the gain amount of the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain amount to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence.
In this embodiment, the preset input boost gain (defined as InputUpGain, which may be of any magnitude, but cannot make the loudness value of the audio after gain exceed [ -330,0 ]]Range) can be used to adjust the time period of low loudness in the audio, ensuring that the highest and lowest loudness of the audio processed based on the limiter algorithm has a small difference in loudness values, and avoiding the situation that the loudness is too low and cannot be recognized by human ears, so that users cannot feel that the audio is intermittent. Wherein,
namely, the loudness of sound of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed
Increasing input boost gain InputUpGain to update the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed
In one embodiment, the limiter control apparatus 100 for music effect processing further comprises:
the time domain data adjusting unit is used for performing gain adjustment on the audio frame to be processed according to the input boost gain and a preset audio time domain data adjusting model to obtain a gain audio frame; wherein, the formula of the audio time domain data adjusting model is change _ datai＝datai/(10∧InputUpGain/20)，change_dataiRepresents the ith frame of gain audio data in the gain audio frameiAnd the I frame audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, and the InputUpGain represents the input lifting gain amount.
In this embodiment, since the sound loudness sequence is subjected to gain enhancement according to the input enhancement gain to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence, the time domain data of the original audio frame to be processed needs to be adjusted synchronously based on the input enhancement gain InputUpGain, so as to achieve consistent adjustment.
A gain curve obtaining unit 104, configured to obtain a preset limiter, and obtain a gain curve according to a difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter.
In this embodiment, the pre-set limiter may implement a gain calculation that provides a first coarse estimate of the limiter control gain signal. The limiter control has different static characteristics, as shown in fig. 3a, with different adjustable performance. Important parameters such as inflection point boundary range, compression ratio and basic loudness threshold are involved in the limiter.
Where the corner margin (i.e. Knee Width, also understood as corner Width, denoted W in this text) is a relatively important parameter, it allows the limiter control algorithm to exhibit two different modes, specifically a Soft corner mode (i.e. Soft Knee) and a Hard corner mode (i.e. Hard Knee). The inflection point boundary range is mainly used for optimizing a value close to the basic loudness threshold value, so that the value is a curve which changes slowly in a range.
The base loudness Threshold, denoted by a Threshold and abbreviated as T, is used to allow the limiter to control the loudness of the sounds within the maximum range of the base loudness in a particular application (in practice, it is ensured that the loudness of the vast majority of the sounds does not exceed this base loudness Threshold).
The compression Ratio is expressed by Ratio and abbreviated as R, the compression Ratio is to compress the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value, and the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value is compressed in an R:1 manner, for example, the set threshold value is-10 db, the loudness of the current point is-6, and the compression Ratio is 4:1, and the compressed loudness of the point is-9 db.
In an embodiment, the gain curve obtaining unit 104 is specifically configured to:
if the limiter is determined to be a soft inflection point type limiter, acquiring a first model of the soft inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the first model from the gain sound loudness sequence to obtain a difference value so as to obtain a gain curve;
and if the limiter is determined to be a hard inflection point type limiter, acquiring a second model of the hard inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the second model from the gain sound loudness sequence to calculate a difference value to obtain a gain curve.
Wherein the formula of the first model is as follows:
wherein,
a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented,
and the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, T represents a basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, W represents an inflection point boundary range of the limiter, and R represents a compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
The formula of the second model is:
wherein,
a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented,
and the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, T represents a basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, and R represents a compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
In this embodiment, both the first model corresponding to the limiter of the soft-knee type and the second model corresponding to the limiter of the hard-knee type are improved, and a compression ratio is introduced to perform fine adjustment on the limiter algorithm. In the first and second models, R is defined in the range of [30,60 ]]Representing loudness outside the base loudness threshold in the range [30,60 ]]With compression ratios in between. If the gain sound loudness sequence is adjusted based on the first model corresponding to the inflection point type limiter or the second model corresponding to the hard inflection point type limiter, the obtained gain curve is represented as gc＝Xdb-Xsc。
And a curve smoothing unit 105, configured to smooth the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain policy to obtain a smoothing gain curve.
Wherein, the curve smoothing unit 105 is specifically configured to:
acquiring an attack time interval and a release time interval corresponding to the smooth gain strategy, and acquiring a first curve smoothing mode corresponding to the attack time interval and a second curve smoothing mode corresponding to the release time interval of the smooth gain strategy;
and smoothing the corresponding curve of the attack time interval in the gain curve according to the first curve smoothing mode, and smoothing the corresponding curve of the release time interval in the gain curve according to the second curve smoothing mode to obtain a smooth gain curve.
In this embodiment, smoothing the gain curve reduces sharp jumps in the applied gain, reducing the likelihood of resulting in artifacts and unnatural sound generation. Attack time intervals (i.e., attach Phase), and Release time intervals (i.e., Release Phase) are involved in the pre-set smoothing gain strategy. The attack time interval is used primarily to reduce gain in response to an increase in input level to achieve an output gain determined by the ratio; the release time interval is reversed and increases the gain in response to the input level decreasing to reach the output gain determined by the ratio. For example, as shown in fig. 3b, if the basic loudness threshold T of the limiter is-3 db and the compression ratio R is 2:1, i.e., in the Attack Phase segment, the Output gain does not reach 6db from 9db at an instant, but reaches the loudness after compression ratio compression at a slow speed (see Output level in fig. 3b, if the limiter is not used, the Output gain reaches 6db from 9db at an instant, and particularly see Input level in fig. 3 b); while during the release time interval, the interval is less than the base loudness threshold requirement, so the 3db loudness is again reduced and then the original output gain is reached.
The attack time interval and the release time interval in the existing limiter are a linear operation, and unnatural sound generation still exists when the smoothing of the gain is at the time end point, so that the original smoothing gain equation is improved in the application, and the improved smoothing gain equation is as the above formula (1).
And the gain compensation unit 106 is configured to perform gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve.
In the present embodiment, the automatic output gain compensation is actually an operation of compensating the output loudness, but the output loudness compensation without any limitation may destroy the sound quality of the sound, and a logic is provided for this purpose on the basis of the original direct compensation, that is, when the loudness value of more than half is 0 after the first gain, the output gain will be gained in a compression ratio manner. Because the input gain of the input gain increasing amount is input to the sound loudness sequence before, the input gain is used for increasing the loudness value of the original audio, so that the audio with lower loudness in the limited range can be compensated, the overall loudness of the audio keeps a balanced state, and the soft feeling of the audio is kept. Similar to the input gain, the automatic output gain also plays a similar role, but when the smooth gain curve is subjected to gain compensation according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy, the automatic output gain compensation strategy is different from the automatic output gain compensation strategy, the loudness boost in the input gain is by default unlimited, and can be limited to a limited range no matter how much loudness value is boosted (the most extreme case is that the loudness of each point of the limiter can be kept consistent), while automatic output gain compensation cannot perform endless loudness expansion, because there is a conversion relationship between the value of the audio data and the loudness, the loudness value is at the value of audio loudness (-1, 1) corresponding to (-infinity, 0), therefore, when the gain is supplemented to a level greater than the loudness limit, a second compression is required to prevent the audio from generating noise and unpredictable ambiguities. The automatic output gain compensation strategy is as follows: when the loudness of the sound with the audio frequency in the smooth gain curve exceeds 0, secondary limitation is carried out; the rule of the second order limitation is to calculate the smooth gain curve g firstsThe difference value delta db between the current sound loudness of the medium audio frequency and 0db is compared with the preset gain supplement value OutputGain, and if the gain supplement value OutputGain is smaller than or equal to the difference value delta db, the smooth gain curve g is directly obtainedcDirectly increasing the gain supplement value OutputGain; if the gain supplement value OutputGain is greater than the difference value delta db, the gain curve is smoothedThread gsUpper increase
I.e., the automatic output gain compensation strategy corresponds to equation (2) above.
An output unit 107, configured to convert the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and sum the to-be-processed audio frame and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
In this embodiment, the gain curve is first converted into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, specifically, the conversion result is obtained
Wherein g ismRepresents a compensation gain curve and glinIndicating the result of the conversion. And after the conversion result is obtained, summing the conversion result and the audio frame to be processed to obtain an output result. Various noise conditions after audio mixing are solved, and the sound quality after audio mixing can still keep a better texture. And this application has additionally expanded more parameters and has satisfied the user and carried out deeper audio mixing effect to the audio frequency to give the user some default values of better audio mixing effect, help the user to finely tune fast.
The device achieves the effect of strengthening the general range algorithm, provides more parameter selections, is convenient for users to adjust better audio special effects, and ensures that the maximum loudness of the audio is basically flush with the set maximum loudness threshold.
The limiter control means of the above music effect processing may be implemented in the form of a computer program which can be run on a computer device as shown in fig. 5.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The computer device 500 may be a server or a server cluster. The server may be an independent server, or may be a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as a cloud service, a cloud database, cloud computing, a cloud function, cloud storage, a Network service, cloud communication, a middleware service, a domain name service, a security service, a Content Delivery Network (CDN), and a big data and artificial intelligence platform.
Referring to fig. 5, the computer apparatus 500 includes a processor 502, a memory, which may include a storage medium 503 and an internal memory 504, and a network interface 505 connected by a device bus 501.
The storage medium 503 may store an operating device 5031 and a computer program 5032. The computer program 5032, when executed, causes the processor 502 to perform a limiter control method of music sound effect processing.
The processor 502 is used to provide computing and control capabilities that support the operation of the overall computer device 500.
The internal memory 504 provides an environment for running the computer program 5032 in the storage medium 503, and when the computer program 5032 is executed by the processor 502, the processor 502 can be caused to execute the limiter control method of the music sound effect processing.
The network interface 505 is used for network communication, such as providing transmission of data information. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in fig. 5 is a block diagram of only a portion of the configuration associated with aspects of the present invention and is not intended to limit the computing device 500 to which aspects of the present invention may be applied, and that a particular computing device 500 may include more or less components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
The processor 502 is configured to run the computer program 5032 stored in the memory to implement the limiter control method of music sound effect processing disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiment of a computer device illustrated in fig. 5 does not constitute a limitation on the specific construction of the computer device, and that in other embodiments a computer device may include more or fewer components than those illustrated, or some components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components. For example, in some embodiments, the computer device may only include a memory and a processor, and in such embodiments, the structures and functions of the memory and the processor are consistent with those of the embodiment shown in fig. 5, and are not described herein again.
It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the Processor 502 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the Processor 502 may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, and the like. Wherein a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
In another embodiment of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium may be a nonvolatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the limiter control method of music sound effect processing disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described apparatuses, devices and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of illustrating clearly the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only a logical division, and there may be other divisions when the actual implementation is performed, or units having the same function may be grouped into one unit, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be an electric, mechanical or other form of connection.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention essentially or partially contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a background server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A limiter control method for music sound effect processing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
responding to an audio processing instruction, and acquiring a to-be-processed audio frame corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
acquiring a preset input boost gain amount, and performing gain amount boost on the sound loudness sequence according to the input boost gain amount to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
acquiring a preset limiter, and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
smoothing the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothing gain curve;
carrying out gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; and
and converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
2. The method for controlling a limiter of music effect processing according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the sound loudness sequence of the audio frames to be processed comprises:
obtaining a preset first numerical value, and calculating a model of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed according to a preset loudnessPerforming operation to obtain the sound loudness of each frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed so as to form the sound loudness sequence; the formula of the loudness calculation model is
Representing the sound loudness, data, of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processediRepresenting the audio data of the ith frame in the audio frame to be processed, eps representing a preset first numerical value, and abs () representing an absolute value operation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining a predetermined input boost gain, and the boosting the sound loudness sequence by the gain according to the input boost gain, further comprises:
performing gain adjustment on the audio frame to be processed according to the input boost gain and a preset audio time domain data adjustment model to obtain a gain audio frame; wherein, the formula of the audio time domain data adjusting model is change _ datai＝datai/(10∧InputUpGain/20)，change_dataiRepresents the ith frame of gain audio data in the gain audio frameiAnd the I frame audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, and the InputUpGain represents the input lifting gain amount.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining a predetermined limiter and obtaining a gain curve according to a difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter, comprises:
if the limiter is determined to be a soft inflection point type limiter, acquiring a first model of the soft inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the first model from the gain sound loudness sequence to obtain a difference value so as to obtain a gain curve;
and if the limiter is determined to be a hard inflection point type limiter, acquiring a second model of the hard inflection point type limiter, and subtracting the second model from the gain sound loudness sequence to calculate a difference value to obtain a gain curve.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the first model is formulated as:
wherein,
a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented,
and the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, T represents a basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, W represents an inflection point boundary range of the limiter, and R represents a compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the formula of the second model is:
wherein,
a limit value corresponding to the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented,
and the sound loudness of the ith frame of audio data in the audio frame to be processed is represented, T represents a basic loudness threshold value of the limiter, and R represents a compression ratio of the limiter for compressing the loudness value exceeding the basic loudness threshold value.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein smoothing the gain curve according to a predetermined smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothed gain curve comprises:
acquiring an attack time interval and a release time interval corresponding to the smooth gain strategy, and acquiring a first curve smoothing mode corresponding to the attack time interval and a second curve smoothing mode corresponding to the release time interval of the smooth gain strategy;
and smoothing the corresponding curve of the attack time interval in the gain curve according to the first curve smoothing mode, and smoothing the corresponding curve of the release time interval in the gain curve according to the second curve smoothing mode to obtain a smooth gain curve.
8. A limiter control apparatus for music effect processing, comprising:
the audio processing device comprises an initial audio acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the initial audio acquisition unit is used for responding to an audio processing instruction and acquiring an audio frame to be processed corresponding to the audio processing instruction;
the loudness acquisition unit is used for acquiring a sound loudness sequence of the audio frame to be processed;
the input lifting unit is used for acquiring preset input lifting gain quantity and lifting the gain quantity of the sound loudness sequence according to the input lifting gain quantity to obtain a gain sound loudness sequence;
the gain curve acquisition unit is used for acquiring a preset limiter and acquiring a gain curve according to the difference between the gain sound loudness sequence and the limiter;
the curve smoothing unit is used for smoothing the gain curve according to a preset smoothing gain strategy to obtain a smoothing gain curve;
the gain compensation unit is used for carrying out gain compensation on the smooth gain curve according to a preset automatic output gain compensation strategy to obtain a compensation gain curve; and
and the output unit is used for converting the gain curve into a linear domain to obtain a conversion result, and summing the audio frame to be processed and the conversion result to obtain an output result.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the limiter control method of music sound effect processing according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium characterized in that a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the limiter control method of music effect processing according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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