CN114264851B - Electromagnetic shielding attenuation measurement method for shielded cable - Google Patents
Electromagnetic shielding attenuation measurement method for shielded cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable is used for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable to be measured; the current calibration device is connected in series between the tested shielding cable and the signal source cable on the nonmetal support, the other end of the signal source cable is connected with the signal source, and the other end of the tested shielding cable is connected with a load; the measurement method comprises a reference measurement on the current calibration device and an attenuation measurement on the measured shielded cable; the attenuation measurement comprises a near-end measurement close to the position of the current calibration device and a far-end measurement which is carried out by arranging a current probe at a position spaced by a distance M from the near-end measurement, wherein the maximum value is an attenuation measurement value; the measure of the masked attenuation is equal to the ratio of the reference measure to the attenuation measure or the difference between the logarithmic unit measure of the reference measure and the logarithmic unit measure of the attenuation measure. The invention has the beneficial technical effects of wide application range and high measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility testing equipment, and particularly relates to a method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielding cable (including a coaxial cable and a non-coaxial cable).
Background
At present, only a method for measuring shielding attenuation of a metal communication cable (namely a signal transmission cable) exists at home and abroad, such as 4-2 parts of the test method of the metal communication cable of IEC 62153-4-2: electromagnetic compatibility shielding and coupling attenuation injection clamp method, IEC62153-4-5, test method for Metal communication Cable, parts 4-5: electromagnetic compatibility coupling or shielding attenuation absorption clamp method, GB/T31723.405, test method for Metal communication Cable, parts 4-5: electromagnetic compatible coupling or shielding attenuation absorption clamp method GYT 186-2002 technical requirements and measurement method for shielding performance of radio frequency coaxial cable of cable television system, etc.
The electromagnetic shielding cable comprises an electromagnetic shielding signal cable and an electromagnetic shielding power supply cable, and at present, only an electromagnetic shielding signal cable shielding attenuation measuring method is provided, and the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable shielding attenuation existing measuring method has a plurality of problems. As is well known, a power supply cable is one of the main paths for electromagnetic interference to electronic devices, and a high-power supply cable also generates radiated electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic damage to adjacent electronic devices or personnel. Because the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable has the capability of preventing electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic damage, the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable is widely applied to the fields of civil use, national defense and military use, and is an important device for conveying high-power electric power energy by using mobile carriers such as ground vehicles (roads or tracks), ships (water surfaces or underwater), aircrafts (aviation or aerospace) and the like. Therefore, how to accurately and reliably check and evaluate the electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic damage preventing capability of the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable is important.
In summary, the existing test methods have the following problems:
1. the application range is narrow: the method is only used for measuring the shielding attenuation of the low-voltage low-power electromagnetic shielding signal transmission cable, and is not suitable for the performance assessment of the shielding attenuation of the high-voltage high-power electromagnetic shielding power supply transmission cable; IEC62153-4-2 and GYT 186 are only suitable for shielding attenuation measurement of coaxial signal transmission cables, and cannot solve the measurement requirement of shielding attenuation of non-coaxial signals or power supply transmission shielding cables; the measuring frequency range is only 30MHz-1 GHz, and the cable shielding attenuation performance is also required to be checked in the frequency range of 10 KHz-30 MHz in the fields of civil vehicles, national defense, military and the like.
2. The measurement accuracy is low: in IEC62153-4-5 and GB/T31723.405, in order to solve the deviation of the characteristic impedance of a non-50Ω non-coaxial shielded cable to be measured on the obtained core wire level value, although an impedance matching network is added, the impedance matching network is difficult to completely match, so that the influence of the uncertainty factor on the shielding attenuation measurement result cannot be eliminated; the connection state of the measured shielding cable is inconsistent in reference measurement and attenuation measurement in IEC62153-4-5 and GB/T31723.405, and the accuracy of the shielding attenuation measurement result is also influenced.
Therefore, the measurement method specified by the existing standard at present is difficult to meet the requirements of civilian use, national defense and military use for developing and accurately checking the shielding attenuation performance index of the electromagnetic shielding cable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of narrow application range and low measurement precision in the electromagnetic shielding attenuation test of the existing shielding cable.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable, for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable to be measured, which is characterized in that: the tested shielding cable with the length L is placed on a nonmetal test frame, a current calibration device is connected in series between the tested shielding cable and a signal source cable, the other end of the signal source cable is connected with a signal source, and the other end of the tested shielding cable is connected with a load;
the measurement method includes a reference measurement and an attenuation measurement;
the reference measurement is that a current probe is arranged on the current calibration device to acquire a signal level value inside a shielded cable to be measured, and the acquired measured value is a reference measured value;
the attenuation measurement is a measurement performed on the shielded cable to be measured for acquiring a leakage signal level value, and comprises a shielding attenuation near-end measurement and a shielding attenuation far-end measurement;
the shielding attenuation near-end measurement is performed by arranging a current probe at a position close to the current calibration device, and the measured value obtained by the current probe is a near-end measured value;
the shielding attenuation far-end measurement is performed by arranging a current probe at a position separated from the shielding attenuation near-end measurement by a distance M, and the obtained measured value is a far-end measured value;
the maximum of the near-end measurement and the far-end measurement is the attenuation measurement;
the measure of the masked attenuation is equal to the ratio of the reference measure to the attenuation measure or the difference between the logarithmic unit measure of the reference measure and the logarithmic unit measure of the attenuation measure.
The current calibration device and the shielded cable to be tested are connected through a connector arranged on the metal reflecting plate.
The distance M is greater than half the length L and the distal end is measured at a position near the load.
When the impedance of the shielded cable to be measured is not matched with that of the signal source cable, signal reflection can occur, so that the signal intensity in the shielded cable to be measured is lower than that of the signal output by the signal source, and the purpose of adding the current calibration device and the reference current probe is to acquire the signal level value in the shielded cable to be measured.
The shielding attenuation near-end measurement and reference measurement comprise the following steps that firstly, a reference current probe is arranged on the current calibration device, a near-end current probe is arranged at the position, close to the metal reflecting plate, of the shielded cable to be measured, and the near-end current probe are both connected with measurement receiving equipment; applying a measurement signal level to the signal source cable through a signal source; reading and recording a reference measurement signal current value (linear unit) or level value (logarithmic unit) I0 with a reference current probe and a measurement receiving device provided on the current calibration apparatus; the signal current value (linear unit) or level value (logarithmic unit) I1 n of the near-end attenuation measurement is read and recorded by a near-end current probe and a measurement receiving device which are arranged at the near end of the measured shielding cable.
The shielding attenuation far-end measurement comprises the following steps that firstly, a reference current probe is arranged on the current calibration device, a far-end current probe is arranged at a position which is separated from the shielding attenuation near-end measurement by a distance M, and the two current probes are connected with measurement receiving equipment; applying a measuring signal level to a measured shielding cable through a signal source, and enabling a reference measuring signal current value (linear unit) or a level value (logarithmic unit) I0 monitored by a reference current probe and a measuring receiving device to be the same as that of shielding attenuation near-end measurement; the signal current value (linear unit) or level value (logarithmic unit) I1f of the far-end attenuation measurement is read and recorded by a far-end current probe and a measurement receiving device which are arranged at the far end of the measured shielding cable.
When the measured value is a linear unit, the calculation formula of the mask attenuation is as follows:
SA＝20lg(I 0/max[I 1n,I 1f])
wherein:
SA-shielding attenuation in decibels (dB);
i0-reference measured current value in microamps (μA);
the larger of max [ I1 n, I1f ] -I1 n and I1f measures the current value in microamperes (μA).
When the measured value is in logarithmic units, the calculation formula of the mask attenuation is as follows:
SA＝I 0(dB)－max[I 1n(dB),I 1f(dB)]
wherein:
SA-shielding attenuation in decibels (dB);
i0 (dB) -reference measured current value in decibel microamps (dB μa);
max [ I1 n (dB), I1f (dB) ] -the larger attenuation measurement current value in dB microamperes (dB μa) in I1 n (dB) and I1f (dB).
The shield attenuation near end measurement and the shield attenuation far end measurement both use a ferrite absorber to absorb signal leakage of the shielded cable under test and stabilize the measurement.
The distance M is 6 meters and the length L is 7.5 meters.
The current calibration device and the reference current probe are enclosed in a shielding box, and the enclosed box is connected with the metal reflecting plate and grounded.
The attenuation measured value is measured by adopting a current probe and an auxiliary absorption clamp, the measuring frequency range is 9KHz-1G, and the problem that the applicable frequency range (30 MHz-1G) of shielding attenuation is smaller when the power absorption clamp is used for measuring is solved.
When the coaxial shielded cable is tested, a nominal load such as 50Ω load is connected, and when the coaxial shielded cable is tested, the core wire and the shielding layer are short-circuited.
The current probe and the calibration device thereof are connected in series between the signal generator and the tested cable to extract a reference measurement value, the calibration device is a 50Ω system, when the calibration device is connected with a connector on the reflecting plate, signal reflection can be caused, and the current probe on the calibration device is used for extracting the reference measurement value, so that the problem that the reference measurement value changes along with the measurement frequency due to reflection is solved.
The attenuation measurement value is measured by adopting a current probe and an auxiliary absorption clamp, so that the change of the measurement frequency range from 30MHz-1G to 9KHz-1G is realized, and the 9K-30M frequency band is also an important frequency band needing to check the cable shielding attenuation performance in the fields of vehicles, national defense and military industry and the like.
The positioning device is added on the current probe, so that the cable to be measured is always positioned at the central position of the current probe in the measuring process, and the repeated measuring error is reduced to be within +/-1 dB.
The current probe and the current probe calibrating device are placed in the shielding box, so that the radio frequency signal space radiation on the current calibrating device can be effectively shielded, the measuring error of the attenuation measuring probe is reduced, and the measuring dynamic is increased.
The scheme realizes the shielding attenuation measurement of the 9K-1G frequency band electromagnetic shielding signal cable and the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable for the first time.
The method realizes that the shielding attenuation of the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable is expressed by decibels (dB), is convenient for the unification of the whole indexes of the system (the shielding attenuation of the prior shielding power supply cable is expressed by surface transfer impedance mΩ/m, and the other shielding attenuations are expressed by decibels (dB), the units are not unified, and the system is inconvenient for electromagnetic compatibility rectification).
The invention not only can realize the shielding attenuation measurement of the electromagnetic shielding signal cable and the power supply cable, but also fills the blank of domestic measurement and evaluation of the shielding attenuation capability level of the electromagnetic shielding power supply cable.
In conclusion, the invention has the beneficial technical effects of wide application range and high measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the measurement principle of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a shielded cable to be tested; 2. a nonmetallic test rack; 3. a metal reflecting plate; 4. a signal source; 5. a load; 6. a proximal suction clamp; 7. a distal suction clip; 8. the distance between pincers; 9. a current calibration device; 10. a reference current probe; 11. a shielding box; 12. a ground wire; 13. ground surface; 14. a proximal current probe; 15. a measurement acceptance device; 16. a distal current probe; 17. an insulating support; 41. and a signal source cable.
Detailed Description
The technical solution is further described below with reference to fig. 1 and the specific embodiment to help understand the content of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a shielded cable 1 to be tested with a total length of 7.5 meters is placed on a nonmetal test rack 2, a current calibration device 9 is connected in series between the shielded cable 1 to be tested and a signal source cable 41, the other end of the signal source cable 41 is connected with a signal source 4, and the other end of the shielded cable 1 to be tested is connected with a load 5; the metal reflecting plate 3 is arranged between the current calibration device 9 and the shielded cable 1 to be tested. A proximal absorption clamp 6 is arranged on the left side of the tested shielded cable 1, a distal absorption clamp 7 is arranged on the right side of the tested shielded cable close to the load 5, and a distance 8 between the proximal absorption clamp 6 and the distal absorption clamp 7 is arranged.
The inter-clamp distance 8 is 6 meters.
The current calibration device 9 is provided with a reference current probe 10, and in order to avoid the influence of signal radiation on the test result, the signal source cable 41, the current calibration device 9 and the reference current probe 10 are all enclosed in a shielding box 11, and the shielding box 11 is connected with the metal reflecting plate 3.
A proximal current probe 14 for shielding attenuation measurement is installed between the proximal absorption clamp 6 and the metal reflecting plate 3, and proximal shielding attenuation is measured at this position; a distal current probe 16 for distal shielding attenuation measurement is installed between the distal absorbing clamp 7 and the load 5;
the reference current probe 10, the proximal current probe 14 and the distal current probe 16 are connected to a measurement receiving device 15 for measuring and recording the induced current.
The shield case 11 is grounded through a ground wire 12.
The nonmetal test frame 2 is arranged on the ground 13, and the metal reflecting plate 3 is fixed with the nonmetal test frame 2.
One end of the shielded cable 1 to be tested is connected with an N-shaped seat on the metal reflecting plate 3, and the other end is connected with a load 5.
The shielded cable 1 to be tested is a coaxial shielded cable, and the load is 50Ω load.
The signal source 4 outputs a measurement signal, and reads and records a reference measurement current value (linear unit) or level value (logarithmic unit) I0 with the reference current probe 10 and the measurement receiving device 15 provided on the current calibration means 9; the signal current value (linear unit) or level value (logarithmic unit) I1 n of the near-end attenuation measurement is read and recorded with a near-end current probe 14 and a measurement receiving device 15 placed at the near end of the shielded cable 1 to be measured.
When reading the shielding attenuation far end measurement value, the reference measurement signal current value (linear unit) or the level value (logarithmic unit) I0 needs to be the same as that of the shielding attenuation near end measurement; the signal current value (linear unit) or level value (logarithmic unit) I1f of the far-end attenuation measurement is read and recorded by a far-end current probe and a measurement receiving device which are arranged at the far end of the measured shielding cable.
When the measured value is a linear unit, the calculation formula of the mask attenuation is as follows:
SA＝20lg(I 0/max[I 1n,I 1f])
wherein:
SA-shielding attenuation in decibels (dB);
i0-reference measured current value in microamps (μA);
the larger of max [ I1 n, I1f ] -I1 n and I1f measures the current value in microamperes (μA).
When the measured value is in logarithmic units, the calculation formula of the mask attenuation is as follows:
SA＝I 0(dB)－max[I 1n(dB),I 1f(dB)]
wherein:
SA-shielding attenuation in decibels (dB);
i0 (dB) -reference measured current value in decibel microamps (dB μa);
max [ I1 n (dB), I1f (dB) ] -the larger attenuation measurement current value in dB microamperes (dB μa) in I1 n (dB) and I1f (dB).
And repeating the measurement from 9K-1G to obtain the shielding attenuation value of the measured shielded cable 1 in the frequency band. When the near-end current probe 14 and the far-end current probe 16 are used for measuring, the axis position positioning device is adopted to keep the measured shielding cable 1 at the aperture center of the current probe, the repeated measuring error is within +/-1 dB, and the near-end absorption clamp 6 and the far-end absorption clamp 7 both meet the requirements of GB/T6113.103-2008.
The invention adopts the reference current probe 10 and the current calibration device 9 to be connected in series between the signal generator and the shielded cable to be measured to extract the reference measurement value, thereby solving the problem that the reference measurement value changes along with the measurement frequency due to signal reflection generated by the impedance mismatch of the shielded cable which is not 50 omega measured by the 50 omega measuring system.
The attenuation measured value adopts a measuring mode that a current probe is matched with an auxiliary absorption clamp so as to avoid interference of nearby induced current, the measuring position is divided into near-end measurement and far-end measurement, and the maximum value is taken as a shielding attenuation measured value at a distance of 6 meters so as to improve the measuring stability and accuracy.
When the current probe carries out attenuation measurement, the axis concentric positioning device is added on the current probe, and the cable to be measured is always positioned at the central position of the current probe in the measurement process, so that the repeated measurement error is ensured to be within +/-1 dB.
The reference current probe 10 and the current calibration device 9 are placed on an insulating bracket 17 in a shielding box 11, and the shielding effectiveness of the shielding box 11 is more than or equal to 60dB in the 9K-1G frequency range through cable wall penetrating seats and external connection, so that the space radiation of radio frequency signals on the reference current probe 10 and the current calibration device 9 is shielded, the influence on shielding attenuation measurement is avoided, and the measurement accuracy is further improved.
In the foregoing, only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto, but rather, all simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and descriptions of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The electromagnetic shielding attenuation measuring method for the shielded cable is used for measuring the electromagnetic shielding attenuation of the shielded cable to be measured and is characterized in that: the tested shielding cable with the length L is placed on a nonmetal test frame, a current calibration device is connected in series between the tested shielding cable and a signal source cable, the other end of the signal source cable is connected with a signal source, and the other end of the tested shielding cable is connected with a load;
the measurement method includes a reference measurement and an attenuation measurement;
the reference measurement is that a current probe is arranged on the current calibration device to acquire a signal level value inside a shielded cable to be measured, and the acquired measured value is a reference measured value;
the attenuation measurement is a measurement performed on the shielded cable to be measured for acquiring a leakage signal level value, and comprises a shielding attenuation near-end measurement and a shielding attenuation far-end measurement;
the shielding attenuation near-end measurement is performed by arranging a current probe at a position close to the current calibration device, and the measured value obtained by the current probe is a near-end measured value;
the shielding attenuation far-end measurement is performed by arranging a current probe at a position separated from the shielding attenuation near-end measurement by a distance M, and the obtained measured value is a far-end measured value;
the maximum of the near-end measurement and the far-end measurement is the attenuation measurement;
the measure of the masked attenuation is equal to the ratio of the reference measure to the attenuation measure or the difference between the logarithmic unit measure of the reference measure and the logarithmic unit measure of the attenuation measure.
2. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 1, wherein: the current calibration device and the shielded cable to be tested are connected through a connector arranged on the metal reflecting plate.
3. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 2, wherein: the shielding attenuation near-end measurement comprises the following steps that firstly, a reference current probe is arranged on the current calibration device, a near-end current probe is arranged at the position, close to the metal reflecting plate, of the tested shielding cable, and the near-end current probe are connected with measurement receiving equipment; applying a measurement signal level to the signal source cable through a signal source; reading and recording a reference measurement signal current value or level value I0 by using a reference current probe and measurement receiving equipment which are arranged on the current calibration device; the signal current value or level value I1 n of the near-end attenuation measurement is read and recorded by a near-end current probe and a measurement receiving device which are arranged at the near end of the detected shielding cable.
4. A shielded cable electromagnetic shielding attenuation measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the shielding attenuation far-end measurement comprises the following steps that firstly, a reference current probe is arranged on the current calibration device, a far-end current probe is arranged at a position which is separated from the shielding attenuation near-end measurement by a distance M, and the two current probes are connected with measurement receiving equipment; applying a measuring signal level to a measured shielding cable through a signal source, and enabling a reference measuring signal current value or level value I0 monitored by a reference current probe and measuring receiving equipment to be the same as that of shielding attenuation near-end measurement; and reading and recording a signal current value or a level value I1f of the far-end attenuation measurement by using a far-end current probe and a measurement receiving device which are arranged at the far end of the tested shielded cable.
5. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 4, wherein: when the measured value is a linear unit, the calculation formula of the mask attenuation is as follows:
SA＝20lg(I 0/max[I 1n,I 1f])
wherein:
SA-shielding attenuation in decibels (dB);
i0-reference measured current value in microamps (μA);
the larger of max [ I1 n, I1f ] -I1 n and I1f measures the current value in microamperes (μA).
6. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 1, wherein: when the measured value is in logarithmic units, the calculation formula of the mask attenuation is as follows:
SA＝I 0(dB)－max[I 1n(dB),I 1f(dB)]
wherein:
SA-shielding attenuation in decibels (dB);
i0 (dB) -reference measured current value in decibel microamps (dB μa);
max [ I1 n (dB), I1f (dB) ] -the larger attenuation measurement current value in dB microamperes (dB μa) in I1 n (dB) and I1f (dB).
7. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 1, wherein: the shield attenuation near end measurement and the shield attenuation far end measurement both use a ferrite absorber to absorb signal leakage of the shielded cable under test and stabilize the measurement.
8. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 1, wherein: the distance M is 6 meters and the length L is 7.5 meters.
9. A shielded cable electromagnetic shielding attenuation measurement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the current calibration device and the reference current probe are enclosed in a shielding box, and the shielding box is connected with the metal reflecting plate and grounded.
10. The method for measuring electromagnetic shielding attenuation of a shielded cable according to claim 1, wherein: the attenuation measurement value is measured by adopting a current probe and an auxiliary absorption clamp, and the measurement frequency range is 9KHz-1G.
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