CN114264150A - Design method of wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment - Google Patents
Design method of wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment. The wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace comprises a melting furnace and a homogenizing furnace, wherein the melting furnace is communicated with the homogenizing furnace through a throat; the inner wall of the melting furnace adopts a refractory lining protected by a water-cooled wall, and a hot air spray gun and a plurality of material spray guns are arranged on the furnace body; the top end of the homogenizing furnace is provided with an overflow port for discharging molten liquid. The wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace is particularly suitable for treating solid wastes, and provides a new idea for solving the problems of large-scale, high-value and green utilization of the solid wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive treatment and utilization of solid waste, and particularly relates to a design method of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace in solid waste treatment application.
Background
The solid wastes such as coal gangue, fly ash, smelting slag, red mud, construction waste, tailings, municipal domestic waste and fly ash thereof have the disadvantages of large newly added stockpiling amount, low utilization rate, large land resource occupation and larger potential safety hazard of ecological environment. The state and the place have a policy and an opinion: the key technical bottleneck is broken through, the comprehensive utilization level of solid wastes is improved, and green, efficient, high-quality, high-value and large-scale utilization is realized.
At present, many researches on the resource treatment of various solid wastes exist, and the industrial treatment method of the solid wastes provided by the invention is mostly limited to the preparation of green building materials, sandstone aggregates, ceramsite, dry mixed sand, concrete admixtures, sintered products, backfill and the like. The treatment methods still have the characteristics of insufficient utilization and low added value of products. The research literature shows that there are also technologies for high-value utilization of such solid wastes, such as preparation of aluminum products, zeolite molecular sieves, microcrystalline glass, fibers, etc., but no examples of industrial application are found. One of the key technologies for analyzing the reason and restricting the high-valued application thereof is advanced technical equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that technical equipment in the prior art cannot realize high-value utilization of solid waste, the invention aims to provide a design method of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A design method of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment is characterized by comprising a melting furnace and a homogenizing furnace, wherein the melting furnace is communicated with the homogenizing furnace through a throat; the wall of the melting furnace adopts a refractory material lining protected by a water-cooled wall, and the upper part of the furnace bodyA flue gas outlet is arranged, a hot air spray gun and a plurality of material spray guns are arranged in the middle, and a heavy metal discharge port is arranged at the bottom; the wall of the homogenizing furnace is lined with refractory material, and the top end of the homogenizing furnace is provided with an overflow port for discharging molten liquid out of the furnace body. Further, the melting furnace comprises a high-temperature gas mixing chamber, a flame dynamic space chamber, a transfer melting reduction chamber and a heavy metal enrichment chamber from top to bottom in sequence; the method comprises the following steps of transferring molten liquid in a melting reduction chamber to be divided into a disturbance layer and a horizontal flow layer, wherein the raw material in the disturbance layer is in convective contact with feed gas to realize rapid heat conduction and rapid release of ash bubbles and small bubbles, the horizontal flow layer ensures homogenization and tempering of the molten liquid, the height ratio of the disturbance layer to the horizontal flow layer is 1: 2-3: 4, the flowing speed of the molten liquid in the horizontal flow layer is 20-25 m/h, the low flowing speed can reduce the processing capacity of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace, and the high flowing speed can increase the abrasion of a refractory lining on the inner wall of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace; the total residence time of the molten liquid in the transfer melting reduction chamber is not less than 2h, so that the molten liquid can be further guaranteed to be tempered, homogenized and clarified in the melting furnace. Furthermore, the included angle between the material spray gun and the vertical direction is 40-60 DEGoThe depth of the disturbance layer is 0.7-0.8 of the total depth of the disturbance layer. And furthermore, the distance between the hot air spray gun and the liquid level of the molten liquid depends on the liquid level area of the molten liquid and the height of the disturbance layer, and in order to ensure that the melting zone accounts for 60-80%, the distance between the nozzle of the hot air spray gun and the liquid level of the molten liquid is 2-3 times of the height of the disturbance layer.
Furthermore, the ratio of the new material amount in the transfer melting reduction chamber to the original molten liquid amount in the transfer melting reduction chamber is less than 8/10000, so that the temperature of the molten liquid can be constant, and the fluidity and the reactivity of the molten liquid can be ensured.
Furthermore, the flame space structure index of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace, namely the ratio of the height of the flame dynamic space chamber to the depth of the transfer melting reduction chamber is 1.3-2.3, so that the flame space volume heat intensity is ensured to meet the requirement of phase-change heat of the raw materials to be processed.
Further, the molten liquid flows from the melting furnace to the homogenizing furnace through the throat, the width-to-height ratio of the throat is 1.25-2, and the size of the throat is determined according to the processing scale of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace, the flowing speed of the molten liquid in an stratosphere and the quality performance of products.
The heat source in the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace is from heat released by combustion of carbon and hydrogen contained in the prepared solid waste raw materials, and the reducing atmosphere is maintained in the furnace by implementing oxygen-controlled combustion, so that the composition of high-temperature gas is simple, mainly CO2、N2、CO、H2And O. Furthermore, the operating temperature of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace is 1500-2000 ℃, and the operating pressure is 0.025-0.080 MPaG.
Furthermore, the outlet temperature of the molten liquid discharged from the overflow port is not lower than 1450 ℃, so that the molten liquid has good fluidity, and the subsequent inorganic product forming and product quality control are ensured.
Furthermore, the furnace bottom of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace, the inner wall of the throat and the inner wall of the homogenizing furnace are provided with electrodes and thermocouples for constant-current or constant-power control; and the throat and the homogenizing furnace are both provided with auxiliary heating devices.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace, wherein heat in the reaction process is generated by combustion heat release among carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the prepared solid waste raw materials, the furnace is in a reducing atmosphere by oxygen-controlled combustion, heavy metals in the solid waste raw materials are controllably partially or completely reduced according to product design indexes, and the enrichment and recovery of the reduced heavy metals in the solid waste raw materials are realized while the product quality is met.
(2) Compared with a plasma melting furnace, the wide-screen powder phase-change composite furnace provided by the invention has the advantages that NOx is easily formed due to the fact that the plasma arc temperature is higher than 3500 ℃, and the tail gas treatment difficulty is increased. In addition, the raw materials are pelletized and compacted into briquettes to prevent fly ash "bridging" and feeder plugging during feeding. The equipment of the invention has low requirement on the granularity of the raw materials, the granularity is less than or equal to 8mm, and the problem that the feeder is blocked by fly ash in the feeding process does not exist.
(3) Compared with a full-electric-kiln melting furnace, the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace has the advantages that the full-electric kiln is internally heated, heat is released from a glass body, the phenomenon of 'cold furnace top' exists, bubbles are easy to form a material arch and cannot be quickly discharged, and therefore gas in the furnace enters molten liquid in the form of ash bubbles and small bubbles to influence the product quality. The wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace does not have the phenomenon of 'cold furnace top' due to the existence of the disturbance layer, so that the ash bubbles and small bubbles formed in the molten liquid can be discharged quickly, and the quality of subsequent products is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace.
In the figure, 1-refractory lining, 2-heavy metal discharge port, 3-material spray gun, 4-water wall, 5-hot air spray gun, 6-high temperature gas outlet, 7-high temperature gas mixing chamber, 8-melting furnace, 9-flame dynamic space chamber, 10-homogenizing furnace, 11-overflow port, 12-discharge port, 13-homogenizing furnace maintenance port, 14-liquid flow hole, 15-transfer melting reduction chamber, 16-melting furnace maintenance port and 17-heavy metal enrichment chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the technical solution of the present invention, the following description will clearly and completely describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be taken as a complete description of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step are within the scope of the present invention based on the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace (i.e., ZBF furnace) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ZBF furnace comprises a melting furnace 8 and a homogenizing furnace 10, wherein the melting furnace 8 is divided into a high-temperature gas mixing chamber 7, a flame dynamic space chamber 9, a transfer melting reduction chamber 15 and a heavy metal enrichment chamber 17 from top to bottom, and molten liquid in the transfer melting reduction chamber 15 consists of an upper disturbance layer and a lower advection layer; ZBF, the operation temperature of the furnace is 1500-2000 ℃, the operation pressure is 0.025-0.080 MpaG, the furnace is in a reducing atmosphere by implementing oxygen-controlled combustion, heavy metals in solid waste raw materials are controllably partially or completely reduced according to product design indexes, the reduced heavy metals are enriched and recovered while the quality of inorganic products such as high-performance fibers, microcrystalline glass, foam glass and the like is met, and high-temperature gas generated by the ZBF furnace is discharged from a high-temperature gas outlet 6.
The top of the melting furnace 8 is provided with a hot air spray gun 5 with a water cooling device, and a nozzle of the hot air spray gun 5 is positioned in a flame dynamic space chamber 9 and provides physical heat and air required by combustion for a transfer melting reduction chamber 15; the material spray gun 3 with the water cooling device enters the furnace at an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the side wall of the flame dynamic space chamber 9, and the gun head of the material spray gun 3 is placed in the molten liquid; the materials, air and the molten liquid are subjected to mass transfer, heat exchange and momentum transfer rapidly, and reaction processes such as pyrolysis, melting, reduction, combustion and the like are carried out; heavy metal in the material is controllably partially or completely converted into an elemental state under the reducing atmosphere, and the heavy metal elemental substance obtained by conversion settles in the heavy metal enrichment chamber 17 from an stratosphere due to the high density of the heavy metal elemental substance and is discharged from the heavy metal discharge port 2. The melting furnace 8 has a melting furnace access opening 16 in the bottom.
In order to maintain the ZBF furnace to operate stably and continuously and meet the phase change heat requirement of the raw material to be treated, the flame space structure index is designed to be 1.8-2.0; meanwhile, in order to keep the temperature of the molten liquid not to be influenced by the newly-added materials, the newly-added material amount is controlled not to exceed 8/10000 for transferring the original molten liquid amount in the melting and reducing chamber 15, the flow speed of the molten liquid in the stratosphere is 20-25 m/h, and the residence time of the molten liquid is not less than 2h, preferably 2.5-3.0 h. The molten liquid enters the homogenizing furnace 10 through the throat 14, is further homogenized and tempered and then is discharged from the overflow port 11 to enter the inorganic product preparation system. The width-to-height ratio of the throat 14 is 1.67, the throat 14 and the homogenizing furnace 10 are both provided with auxiliary heating devices, the temperature of the molten liquid outlet of the homogenizing furnace 10 is ensured to be not lower than 1450 ℃, and the furnace wall of the homogenizing furnace 10 is provided with a homogenizing furnace maintenance port 13 and a drainage port 12.
In order to ensure ZBF safe and stable operation and prolong the service life, the ZBF furnace wall is provided with a refractory lining 1 protected by a water-cooled wall 4.
One specific embodiment is that the material injection lances are arranged symmetrically in 4 groups, one of which is spare. In addition, a furnace body of the ZBF furnace is also provided with a furnace baking burner port (not marked in the figure), the furnace baking burner port is only used during the first start-up, an external fuel supply mode is adopted for combustion heating, and air and fuel enter the furnace through an atomizing nozzle for combustion, thereby completing the start-up.
The wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace provided by the invention can treat a wide range of solid waste raw materials, and is suitable for treating coal gangue, coal ash, smelting slag, red mud, construction waste, tailings, municipal domestic waste, fly ash and other solid wastes. By implementing oxygen-controlled combustion, the prepared treated solid waste can be converted into high-value inorganic products such as high-performance fiber, microcrystalline glass, foam glass and the like, the enrichment and recovery of heavy metals are realized, and the green, high-efficiency, high-quality, high-value and large-scale utilization of the solid waste is realized while the environmental pollution pressure caused by the solid waste is relieved.
Claims (10)
1. A design method of a wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment is characterized by comprising a melting furnace and a homogenizing furnace, wherein the melting furnace is communicated with the homogenizing furnace through a throat; the furnace wall of the melting furnace adopts a refractory lining protected by a water-cooled wall, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a high-temperature gas outlet, the middle part of the furnace body is provided with a hot air spray gun and a plurality of material spray guns, and the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a heavy metal outlet; the furnace wall of the homogenizing furnace adopts a refractory lining, and the top end of the homogenizing furnace is provided with an overflow port for feeding molten liquid into an inorganic product preparation system.
2. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment of claim 1, wherein the melting furnace comprises a high-temperature gas mixing chamber, a flame dynamic space chamber, a transfer melting reduction chamber and a heavy metal enrichment chamber from top to bottom in sequence; the molten liquid in the transfer melting reduction chamber is divided into a disturbance layer and an advection layer, the height ratio of the disturbance layer to the advection layer is 1: 2-3: 4, and the flowing speed of the molten liquid in the advection layer is 20-25 m/h; the total residence time of the molten liquid in the transfer melting reduction chamber is not less than 2 h.
3. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the included angle between the material spray gun and the vertical direction is 40-60%oThe depth of the disturbance layer is 0.7-0.8 of the total depth of the disturbance layer.
4. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment, according to claim 3, wherein the distance from a nozzle of the hot air spray gun to the liquid level of the molten liquid is 2-3 times of the height of the disturbance layer.
5. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ratio of the amount of the new materials in the transfer melting reduction chamber to the amount of the original molten liquid in the transfer melting reduction chamber is less than 8/10000.
6. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment of claim 2, wherein the ratio of the height of the flame dynamic space chamber to the depth of the transfer melting reduction chamber is 1.3-2.3.
7. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the width-to-height ratio of the throat is 1.25-2.
8. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operating temperature of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace is 1500-2000 ℃, the operating pressure is 0.025-0.080 MpaG, the reducing atmosphere is maintained in the furnace, and the high-temperature gas composition in the furnace is mainly CO2、N2、CO、H2O。
9. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outlet temperature of the molten liquid discharge overflow port is not lower than 1450 ℃.
10. The design method of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace applied to solid waste treatment of claim 1 or 2, wherein the furnace bottom of the wide-screening powder phase-change composite furnace, the inner wall of a throat and the inner wall of a homogenizing furnace are provided with electrodes and thermocouples for constant current or constant power control; and the throat and the homogenizing furnace are both provided with auxiliary heating devices.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115681989A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-02-03 | 山西智博环化工程有限公司 | Control method of thermal flow field in melting furnace, melting furnace and application of melting furnace |
| CN115784622A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-14 | 山西智博环化工程有限公司 | Preparation method and application of high-performance continuous gangue fiber |
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| CN103344107A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-10-09 | 周海彬 | Device and method for respectively producing metal and fire-resistant materials or construction materials through one-time heating |
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| DE19640497A1 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-09 | Hans Ulrich Dipl Ing Feustel | Coke-fired gas circulation cupola furnace |
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